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c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides from stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.further phytochemical investigation on the stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis has led to the isolation of three c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides. two of these are new compounds, designated as chonglouoside sl-7 (1) and chonglouoside sl-8 (2). their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. this is the first report of c(22)-steroidal lactone glycosides isolated from the paris genus. ...201323262268
a 7-year retrospective review from 2005 to 2011 of propionibacterium acnes shoulder infections in ottawa, ontario, canada.this study evaluated the clinical factors associated with propionibacterium acnes shoulder infection and the standard culture procedures for isolating p. acnes from shoulder specimens by a 7-year retrospective analysis. p. acnes was incriminated as the second most common pathogen in 17 of 80 patients with positive shoulder cultures. all of the 17 patients had prior shoulder implant. the cumulative rates for isolating p. acnes were 1.9%, 1.9%, 41.9%, 96.4%, and 100% at day 1 to day 5 of incubatio ...201323246074
the fate of elbows with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty.an intraoperative culture sample obtained during revision elbow arthroplasty that is unexpectedly positive poses a dilemma for the surgeon. the purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of positive cultures during revision elbow arthroplasty when infection is not suspected preoperatively, and the long-term implications of these positive cultures.201323235940
porphyrin metabolisms in human skin commensal propionibacterium acnes bacteria: potential application to monitor human radiation risk.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is a commensal organism in human skin. like human cells, the bacteria produce porphyrins, which exhibit fluorescence properties and make bacteria visible with a wood's lamp. in this review, we compare the porphyrin biosynthesis in humans and p. acnes. also, since p. acnes living on the surface of skin receive the same radiation exposure as humans, we envision that the changes in porphyrin profiles (the absorption spectra an ...201323231351
epidemiology of acne vulgaris.despite acne being an almost universal condition in younger people, relatively little is known about its epidemiology. we sought to review what is known about the distribution and causes of acne by conducting a systematic review of relevant epidemiological studies. we searched medline and embase to the end of november 2011. the role of propionibacterium acnes in pathogenesis is unclear: antibiotics have a direct antimicrobial as well as an anti-inflammatory effect. moderate-to-severe acne affect ...201323210645
propionibacterium acnes-induced inos and cox-2 protein expression via ros-dependent nf-κb and ap-1 activation in macrophages.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, plays a critical role in the development of inflammatory lesion as a result of cytokines production by keratinocytes and macrophages activation. however, effect of p. acnes on inos/no and cox-2/pge2 production in macrophages is still uninvestigated.201323178030
in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in propionibacterium acnes and molecular characterization of mutations in the rpob gene.activity of rifampicin against propionibacterium acnes biofilms was recently demonstrated, but rifampicin resistance has not yet been described in this organism. we investigated the in vitro emergence of rifampicin resistance in p. acnes and characterized its molecular background.201323115111
epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves acne in humans by modulating intracellular molecular targets and inhibiting p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder characterized by hyperseborrhea, inflammation, and propionibacterium acnes overgrowth. only isotretinoin and hormonal therapy reduce sebum production. to identify a new drug candidate that modulates sebum, we examined the effects of egcg, the major polyphenol in green tea, on human seb-1 sebocytes and in patients with acne. in seb-1 sebocytes, we found that egcg reduced sebum by modulating the ampk-srebp-1 signaling pathway. egcg also reduces inf ...201323096708
microbial contamination assessment of cryostored autogenous cranial bone flaps: should bone biopsies or swabs be performed?autogenous cranioplasty infection requiring bone flap removal is under-recognised as a major complication causing significant morbidity. microbial contamination of stored bone flaps may be a significant contributing factor. current infection control practices and storage procedures vary. it is not known whether 'superficial' swabs or bone cultures provide a more accurate assessment.201323053290
clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upc) in revision shoulder arthroplasty.this study analyzed the prevalence and clinical meaning of unexpected positive cultures (upcs) in revision shoulder arthroplasty for causes different than infection.201322981448
propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated etiology in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?propionibacterium acnes is a common pathogen in infections after shoulder surgery. recent reports found positive p acnes cultures in a high percentage of patients who had revision shoulder arthroplasty for "aseptic loosening" without any overt signs of infection. isolation of p acnes is difficult, and by use of conventional microbiological protocols of 48-hour incubation, a considerable proportion of patients with possible p acnes infection may remain unidentified. we recently noted p acnes in s ...201322981447
time series community genomics analysis reveals rapid shifts in bacterial species, strains, and phage during infant gut colonization.the gastrointestinal microbiome undergoes shifts in species and strain abundances, yet dynamics involving closely related microorganisms remain largely unknown because most methods cannot resolve them. we developed new metagenomic methods and utilized them to track species and strain level variations in microbial communities in 11 fecal samples collected from a premature infant during the first month of life. ninety six percent of the sequencing reads were assembled into scaffolds of >500 bp in ...201322936250
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles: a targeted therapy for cutaneous pathogens.advances in nanotechnology have demonstrated potential application of nanoparticles (nps) for effective and targeted drug delivery. here we investigated the antimicrobial and immunological properties and the feasibility of using nps to deliver antimicrobial agents to treat a cutaneous pathogen. nps synthesized with chitosan and alginate demonstrated a direct antimicrobial activity in vitro against propionibacterium acnes, the bacterium linked to the pathogenesis of acne. by electron microscopy ( ...201323190896
multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis of propionibacterium acnes isolates from radical prostatectomy specimens.inflammation is commonly observed in radical prostatectomy specimens, and evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. multiple microorganisms have been implicated in serving as a stimulus for prostatic inflammation. the pro-inflammatory anaerobe, propionibacterium acnes, is ubiquitously found on human skin and is associated with the skin disease acne vulgaris. recent studies have shown that p. acnes can be detected in prostatectomy specimens by bacterial cultur ...201323184509
acne sans p. acnes.acne vulgaris is a common disease that carries an enormous financial and psychosocial impact. androgens, excessive sebum production, ductal hypercornification, changes in the microbial flora, as well as inflammation and immunological host reactions are considered the major contributors to acne pathogenesis. despite extensive research on acne pathogenesis, the exact sequence of events and their possible mechanisms leading to the development of a microcomedone and its transformation into an inflam ...201322458782
cardiovascular implantable electronic device endocarditis treated with daptomycin with or without transvenous removal.nine patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) endocarditis were treated with daptomycin after the failure of previous treatment. the blood and cied lead cultures of 1 patient were negative. in the other 8 patients, we observed 6 monomicrobic infections and 2 polymicrobic infections. overall, 10 strains were isolated in these patients: 4 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 2 methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201322436967
propionibacterium acnes delayed infection following spinal surgery with instrumentation.propionibacterium acnes detection in culture media was previously considered a contamination but recently its infectious role was discovered in post-spinal surgery infections. p. acnes might be introduced during surgery. its diagnosis is based on non-specific clinical signs, image indications of infection, and the conclusive microbiological sign. furthermore, its diagnosis is difficult because of slow growth rate and low virulence, delaying its presentation. usually, the infection is manifested ...201322441672
effects of 420-nm intense pulsed light in an acne animal model.blue light in the 400-420 nm range has been shown to reduce the levels of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the skin. p. acnes has been postulated to be a critical trigger for inflammatory acne. thus, treatment with 420 nm-intense pulsed light should reduce inflammatory activity in acne.201322364124
the microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis: culture, molecular diagnostics and biofilm detection.bacteria and fungi are believed to influence mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). however their presence and relationship to disease is debated. this study used multiple detection methods to compare microbial diversity and microbial abundance in healthy and diseased sinonasal mucosa. the utility of contemporary detection methods is also examined.201323656607
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of syzygium jambos l. (alston) and isolated compounds on acne vulgaris.acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disorder leading to inflammation as a result of the production of reactive oxygen species due to the active involvement of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the infection site of the skin. the current study was designed to assess the potential of the leaf extract of syzygium jambos l. (alston) and its compounds for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity against the pathogenic p. acnes.201324168697
the microbiome of the middle meatus in healthy adults.rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are multifactorial disease processes in which bacteria may play a role either in infection or stimulation of the inflammatory process. rhinosinusitis has been historically studied with culture-based techniques, which have implicated several common pathogens in disease states. more recently, the nih human microbiome project has examined the microbiome at a number of accessible body sites, and demonstrated differences among healthy and diseased patients. recent dna-base ...201324386477
calcarides a-e, antibacterial macrocyclic and linear polyesters from a calcarisporium strain.bioactive compounds were detected in crude extracts of the fungus, calcarisporium sp. kf525, which was isolated from german wadden sea water samples. purification of the metabolites from the extracts yielded the five known polyesters, 15g256α, α-2, β, β-2 and π (1-5), and five new derivatives thereof, named calcarides a-e (6-10). the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy supported by uv and hresims data. the compou ...201323994907
the in vitro anti-acne activity of two unani drugs.acne is the most common disorder treated by dermatologists. as many as 80-90% of all adolescents have some type of acne and 30% of them require medical treatment. it is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by the formation of open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.201325161328
gut microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial community assembly associated with cholesterol gallstones in large-scale study.elucidating gut microbiota among gallstone patients as well as the complex bacterial colonization of cholesterol gallstones may help in both the prediction and subsequent lowered risk of cholelithiasis. to this end, we studied the composition of bacterial communities of gut, bile, and gallstones from 29 gallstone patients as well as the gut of 38 normal individuals, examining and analyzing some 299, 217 bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences from 120 samples.201324083370
the opportunistic pathogen propionibacterium acnes: insights into typing, human disease, clonal diversification and camp factor evolution.we previously described a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme based on eight genes that facilitates population genetic and evolutionary analysis of p. acnes. while mlst is a portable method for unambiguous typing of bacteria, it is expensive and labour intensive. against this background, we now describe a refined version of this scheme based on two housekeeping (aroe; guaa) and two putative virulence (tly; camp2) genes (mlst4) that correctly predicted the phylogroup (ia1, ia2, ib, ic, ii, i ...201324058439
propionibacterium acnes induces il-1β secretion via the nlrp3 inflammasome in human monocytes.propionibacterium acnes induction of inflammatory responses is a major etiological factor contributing to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. in particular, the il-1 family of cytokines has a critical role in both initiation of acne lesions and in the inflammatory response in acne. in this study, we demonstrated that human monocytes respond to p. acnes and secrete mature il-1β partially via the nlrp3-mediated pathway. when monocytes were stimulated with live p. acnes, caspase-1 and caspase-5 gene ...201323884315
brain abscess induced by propionibacterium acnes in a patient with severe chronic sinusitis.propionibacterium acnes has long been considered a contaminant organism. however, recently the isolation of this emerging pathogen has become a more difficult clinical challenge. infections of the central nervous system caused by p. acnes have been strongly associated with neurosurgical procedures. we describe a patient with propionibacterium acnes cerebral abscess developed as consequence of a severe chronic sinus disease.201323912875
characteristics and outcome of 16 periprosthetic shoulder joint infections.shoulder arthroplasties are increasingly performed, but data on periprosthetic joint infections (pji) in this anatomical position are limited. we retrospectively investigated the characteristics and outcome of shoulder pji after primary arthroplasty from 1998 to 2010 in a single centre.201323124880
identification of household bacterial community and analysis of species shared with human microbiome.microbial populations in indoor environments, where we live and eat, are important for public health. various bacterial species reside in the kitchen, and refrigerators, the major means of food storage within kitchens, can be a direct source of food borne illness. therefore, the monitoring of microbiota in the refrigerator is important for food safety. we investigated and compared bacterial communities that reside in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator and on the seat of the toilet, wh ...201323743600
role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections.meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a multidrug-resistant micro-organism and is the principal nosocomial pathogen worldwide. following initial in vitro experiments demonstrating that lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®) and lactobacillus casei lbc80r(®) commercial strains exhibit antibacterial activity against clinical mrsa isolates, we conducted a literature search to find any evidence of probiotic efficacy in decolonisation or treatment of s. aureus infection. as summarised bel ...201324071026
identification of proteins of propionibacterium acnes for use as vaccine candidates to prevent infection by the pig pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of acute and chronic pleuroneumonia that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the pig industry. new improved vaccines that can protect against all serotypes and prevent colonization are required. in a previous study we showed that whole cells of propionibacterium acnes protected pigs from a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 and 5 and, therefore, the basis for a promising heterologous vaccine. the aim of this study was to iden ...201324051157
analysis of bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis using obligate anaerobic culture technique and 16s rdna gene sequence.to analyze and characterize the predominant bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis by using culture techniques under obligate anaerobic conditions and 16s rdna gene sequences.201324278920
rapid systemic and local treatments with the antibacterial peptide dimer a3-apo and its monomeric metabolite eliminate bacteria and reduce inflammation in intradermal lesions infected with propionibacterium acnes and meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.when administered intramuscularly, the designer antibacterial peptide dimer a3-apo is highly efficacious in mouse models of acinetobacter baumannii and staphylococcus aureus burn infections. here we compared the efficacy of a3-apo and its monomeric metabolite in mouse models of s. aureus and propionibacterium acnes intradermal infections following administration as intramuscular (i.m.) or topical treatments. in the animal models, either (i) the ears of cd-1 mice were infected with p. acnes or (i ...201324074727
suppuration-associated bacteria in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis.suppuration (sup) on probing may be an indication of active periodontal breakdown. the aim of the present study is to analyze which subgingival species are associated with sup in patients with chronic (cp) and aggressive (agp) periodontitis.201323327648
etiologic aspect of sarcoidosis as an allergic endogenous infection caused by propionibacterium acnes.sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. propionibacterium acnes is the only microorganism that has been isolated from sarcoid lesions. many p. acnes have been detected in sarcoid lymph nodes using quantitative pcr and in sarcoid granulomas by in situ hybridization. p. acnes trigger factor protein causes a cellular immune response only in sarcoid patients and induces pulmonary granulomas in mice sensitized with the protein and adjuvant, but only those with latent p. a ...201323844371
antimicrobial activity of southern african medicinal plants with dermatological relevance: from an ethnopharmacological screening approach, to combination studies and the isolation of a bioactive compound.ethnobotanical reports on more than 100 southern african medicinal plants with dermatological relevance have been highlighted, yet there is still limited scientific data to support claims for their antimicrobial effectiveness against skin pathogens. guided by ethnobotanical data, this paper explores the antimicrobial efficacies of southern african medicinal plants used to treat skin ailments.201323545456
endophthalmitis isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities: a 10-year review of culture-proven cases.to investigate the spectrum of organisms causing culture-proven endophthalmitis and their susceptibilities to commonly used antimicrobial agents over 10 years.201323540710
thirty years of research on infection and prostate cancer: no conclusive evidence for a link. a systematic review.the potential role of genitourinary infection in the etiology of prostate cancer (cap) has been extensively investigated for 30 years. two basic approaches have been used: tissue-based methods (polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization) and serologic assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, etc.). the objective of this review was to answer the question of whether infection of the male genitourinary tract may have a role in the etiology of ca ...201322459691
sterility testing of apheresis hematopoietic progenitor cell products using an automated blood culture system.aabb standards require monitoring of hematopoietic progenitor cell (hpc) products for microbial contamination. to date, there is no automated blood culture system cleared by the food and drug administration for this application. our objective was to validate the versatrek system (trek diagnostic systems) for sterility testing of apheresis hpc products.201323438051
comparative antimicrobial efficacy of metapex, metronidazole, biopure mtad, aztreonam on bacteroides fragilis and propionibacterium acne.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative antibacterial efficacy of biopure mtad, metapex, metronidazole, and aztreonam against two obligate anerobic bacteria.201323956535
maldi-tof ms fingerprinting facilitates rapid discrimination of phylotypes i, ii and iii of propionibacterium acnes.matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is widely used today for species determination of bacteria and fungi in routine microbiological laboratories, and can also be used for subtyping of bacteria, such as bacteroides fragilis. propionibacterium acnes is frequently referred to as an anaerobic skin commensal of relatively low pathogenicity. in addition to its accepted pathogenic role in acne, p. acnes is now emerging as an important opportunisti ...201323485355
[role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors].according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ...201223163048
subgingival microbiota in adult down syndrome periodontitis.the subgingival microbiota in down syndrome and non-down syndrome adults receiving periodic dental care was examined for 40 bacterial species using checkerboard dna-dna hybridization and the results were related to clinical periodontal attachment loss.201222221039
microbiome complexity and staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis.the aim of this study was to compare microbiological culture-based and culture-independent (16s rrna gene sequencing) methodologies for pathogen identification in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients. we hypothesized that bacterial culture and dna sequencing would yield largely concurrent results, although sequencing would detect greater bacterial diversity, and the sinonasal microbiomes of crs patients would differ in composition and diversity compared with non-crs controls.201222253013
comparative analysis of mycobacterium and related actinomycetes yields insight into the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis.the sequence of the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) strain h37rv has been available for over a decade, but the biology of the pathogen remains poorly understood. genome sequences from other mtb strains and closely related bacteria present an opportunity to apply the power of comparative genomics to understand the evolution of mtb pathogenesis. we conducted a comparative analysis using 31 genomes from the tuberculosis database (tbdb.org), including 8 strains of mtb and m. bovis, 11 addi ...201222452820
subgingival microbial profiles of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontal diseases.the aim of this study was to distinguish between generalized aggressive (gagp) and chronic periodontitis (cp) based on the subgingival microbial profiles predominant in these diseases.201222377404
synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of 17-azapentacyclo [6.6.5.0(2.7).0(9.14).0(15,19)]nonadeca-2,4,6,9,11,13-hexaen-16,18-dione derivatives.in the search for novel antimicrobial agents, a series of new derivatives - n-substituted imides were prepared. all of the compounds were characterized by 'h nmr and esi ms spectra. these derivatives were tested for antimicrobial activity. microorganisms used in this study included aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and obligatory anaerobes such as bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and propion ...201223061286
prescribing prophylactic antibiotics to users of therapeutic contact lenses.background: to describe the benefits and optimum use of prophylactic antibiotics in users of therapeutic contact lenses (tcl). methods: a microbiological study was carried out on samples from 33 patients who continuously wore tcl. the resistance to antibiotics of bacteria isolated in our health region was also reviewed. an assessment was also made on whether there were microorganisms of a higher pathogenic potential in tcl than conventional contact lenses, as reported in the literature. results: ...201223473085
target- and resistance-based mechanistic studies with tp-434, a novel fluorocycline antibiotic.tp-434 is a novel, broad-spectrum fluorocycline antibiotic with activity against bacteria expressing major antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including tetracycline-specific efflux and ribosomal protection. the mechanism of action of tp-434 was assessed using both cell-based and in vitro assays. in escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant tetracycline resistance genes, the mic of tp-434 (0.063 μg/ml) was unaffected by tet(m), tet(k), and tet(b) and increased to 0.25 and 4 μg/ml in the presen ...201222354310
molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization.knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique.201222196182
the role of rifampin against propionibacterium acnes biofilm in vitro and in an experimental foreign-body infection model.propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. we investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm p. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. the mic and the minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 a ...201222252806
reply: "follicular spicules associated with propionibacterium acnes with response to erythromycin": lack of evidence for the species? 201222225404
blue light for infectious diseases: propionibacterium acnes, helicobacter pylori, and beyond?blue light, particularly in the wavelength range of 405-470 nm, has attracted increasing attention due to its intrinsic antimicrobial effect without the addition of exogenous photosensitizers. in addition, it is commonly accepted that blue light is much less detrimental to mammalian cells than ultraviolet irradiation, which is another light-based antimicrobial approach being investigated. in this review, we discussed the blue light sensing systems in microbial cells, antimicrobial efficacy of bl ...201222846406
bacteriological features of infectious spondylodiscitis at mohammed v military teaching hospital of rabat.to review the bacteriological features of infectious spondylodiscitis and provide recommendations for the initial therapy which remains empirical in our context. retrospective study including patients diagnosed with spondylodiscitis over a period of 4 years (2006-2009) at the rabat military teaching hospital. during the study period, we analysed 30 cases: the mean age was 49.9 years and 21 cases (70%) were male. the patients were predominantly hospitalized in neurosurgery department (15/30) foll ...201224031960
multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis of propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is a commensal of human skin but is also implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, in biofilm-associated infections of medical devices and endophthalmitis, and in infections of bone and dental root canals. recent studies associate p. acnes with prostate cancer. as the species includes evolutionary lineages with distinct association with health and disease, there is a need for a high-resolution typing scheme. recently, two multilocus sequence typing (mlst) schemes w ...201222259216
genome sequence of propionibacterium acnes type ii strain atcc 11828.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that forms part of the normal human cutaneous microbiota and is occasionally associated with inflammatory diseases (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). here we present the complete genome sequence for the commercially available p. acnes type ii reference strain atcc 11828 (i. nagy et al., microbes infect. 8:2195-2205, 2006) recovered from a subcutaneous abscess.201222156398
Heme Oxygenase-1 Alleviates Mouse Hepatic Failure through Suppression of Adaptive Immune Responses.Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has protective effects on liver damage induced by noxious stimuli. The mechanism of action of HO-1 is not well understood. In the present study, we investigate the effect of HO-1 in a model of fulminant hepatic failure induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the liver was increased after repeated administration of the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin IX. We found that HO-1 protected mice from acute live ...201221946119
corynebacterium pyruviciproducens, as an immune modulator, can promote the activity of macrophages and up-regulate antibody response to particulate antigen.corynebacterium pyruviciproducens is a newly discovered corynebacterium species with no known pathogenic components such as diphtheria toxin and tuberculostearic acid, and it has similar biological properties to propionibacterium acnes, but its role of immunoregulation is drawing people's attention. in this work, based on the role of macrophages in removal of pathogenic bacteria as a primary scavenger and particulate antigen-presenting cell, the stimulation of macrophages by c. pyruviciproducens ...201223239443
sarcoid-like reaction in cryptococcus neoformans infection.we report a patient with cryptococcus (c.) neoformans infection, who developed a case of sarcoid-like reaction (slr). there have been reports of slrs associated with malignancies. although differentiating sarcoidosis from slr is difficult, the patient was diagnosed as slr because propionibacterium acnes bacterial (pab) antibody staining of biopsy specimens was negative and the chest radiological findings improved after antifungal treatment. to our knowledge, this is the first report of slr occur ...201222847562
an increased incidence of propionibacterium acnes biofilms in acne vulgaris: a case-control study.acne vulgaris is a disorder of the sebaceous follicles. propionibacterium acnes can be involved in inflammatory acne.201222356121
reinfection rates after 1-stage revision shoulder arthroplasty for patients with unexpected positive intraoperative cultures.recent studies have detailed the significance of indolent infections in revision shoulder arthroplasty, but little information is available to guide treatment strategies regarding patients with positive cultures without overt signs of infection. the primary purpose of this study was to determine recurrence rates of infection for patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty who were not treated for infection but had positive intraoperative cultures.201222305921
eradication of propionibacterium acnes biofilms by plant extracts and putative identification of icariin, resveratrol and salidroside as active compounds.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. this organism is capable of biofilm formation and the decreased antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm-associated cells may hamper efficient treatment. in addition, the prolonged use of systemic antibiotic therapy is likely to lead to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. in the present study we investigated whether p. acnes biofilms could be eradicated by pl ...201222305279
inhibition of propionibacterium acnes lipase by extracts of indian medicinal plants.lipases play an important role in pathogenesis of acne by hydrolysing sebum triglycerides and releasing irritating free fatty acids in the pilosebaceous follicles. lipase is a strong chemotactic and proinflammatory antigen. therefore, lipase has generated a high interest as a pharmacological target for antiacne drugs. the aim of this study was to identify inhibitory effects of plant extracts on the lipase activity of propionibacterium acnes. colorimetric microassay was used to determine lipase a ...201222268921
the polysaccharide fraction of propionibacterium acnes modulates the development of experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (fsgs) appears to be associated with type-2 cytokines and podocyte dysfunction. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that immunization with the polysaccharide fraction of propionibacterium acnes (ps), a pro-th1 agonist, may subvert the type-2 profile and protect podocytes from adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis. adriamycin injection resulted in albuminuria and increased serum creatinine in association with loss of glomerular podocin an ...201222257707
genetic diversity of propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from human skin in japan and comparison with their distribution in europe.propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin, is also an opportunistic pathogen of common acne and certain infectious diseases. however, it is still not obvious which strain is pathogenic for a certain infectious disease, and investigations to characterize pathogenic strains using molecular typing methods such as mlst using several housekeeping genes have been undertaken. however, to date, such analysis has focused mainly on strains isolated from europeans, and it is unclear whether the cl ...201222245790
follicular spicules associated with propionibacterium acnes with response to erythromycin: lack of evidence for the species? 201222224953
efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in lumbar spine surgery.postoperative spinal wound infections are relatively common and are often associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term patient outcomes. the purposes of this study were to identify the common bacterial flora on the skin overlying the lumbar spine and evaluate the efficacy of readily available skin-preparation solutions in the elimination of bacterial pathogens from the surgical site following skin preparation.201222437997
propionibacterium acnes brain abscess in a patient with hiv-1 infection. 201222403028
optimizing topical combination therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris.given the multifactorial and complex contributors to acne development, combination therapy is standard of care. by addressing multiple pathogenic factors, combination therapy provides a quicker and more efficacious treatment outcome than monotherapy. topical retinoids normalize follicular keratinocyte differentiation and are anti-inflammatory. their use is limited by the potential for cutaneous irritation. antimicrobials reduce propionibacterium acnes colonization on the skin and reduce the bact ...201222395581
novel anti-acne actions of nadifloxacin and clindamycin that inhibit the production of sebum, prostaglandin e(2) and promatrix metalloproteinase-2 in hamster sebocytes.acne vulgaris is characteristic of excess sebum production and the induction of inflammatory reactions, for example, the augmentation of cytokine, prostaglandin (pg) and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) production in sebaceous glands and pilosebaceous units. as propionibacterium acnes is considered to be involved in the aggravation of acne vulgaris, antimicrobial agents have been found to be effective for treating acne leading to the remission of inflammation. however, it is not fully understood w ...201222394009
complete genome sequences of three propionibacterium acnes isolates from the type ia(2) cluster.propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that has been linked to a wide range of opportunistic human infections and conditions, most notably acne vulgaris (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). we now present the whole-genome sequences of three p. acnes strains from the type ia(2) cluster which were recovered from ophthalmic infections (a. mcdowell et al., microbiology 157:1990-2003, 2011).201222374954
peptides with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities that have therapeutic potential for treatment of acne vulgaris.the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial involving infection of the pilosebaceous unit with propionibacterium acnes and a cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. five frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides ([d4k]ascaphin-8, [g4k]xt-7, [t5k]temporin-dra, brevinin-2gu, and b2rp-era), chosen for their low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes, were assessed for their effects on the growth of clinical isolates of p. acnes and on the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflamma ...201222374306
effect of lactobacillus reuteri on the proliferation of propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis.while it is generally accepted that propionibacterium acnes is involved in the development of acne, other bacteria including staphylococcus epidermidis have also been isolated from the acne lesion. the interaction between lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and acnegenic bacteria is unclear. this study examined the effects of l. reuteri on the proliferation of p. acnes and s. epidermidis. human-derived l. reuteri strains (kctc 3594 and kctc 3678) and rat-derived l. reuteri kctc 3679 we ...201222367948
adjuvant effect of killed propionibacterium acnes on mouse peritoneal b-1 lymphocytes and their early phagocyte differentiation.b-1 lymphocytes are the predominant cells in mouse peritoneal cavity. they express macrophage and lymphocyte markers and are divided into b-1a, b-1b and b-1c subtypes. the role of b-1 cells is not completely clear, but they are responsible for natural igm production and seem to play a regulatory role. an enriched b-1b cell population can be obtained from non-adherent peritoneal cell cultures, and we have previously demonstrated that these cells undergo differentiation to acquire a mononuclear ph ...201222448280
is propionibacterium acnes associated with hair casts and alopecia?we report a series of four patients who presented with complaints of diffuse non-scarring alopecia. they had similar clinical features of alopecia, hyperseborrhea, and distinct keratinaceous hair casts that encircled the hair shafts. propionibacterium acnes was isolated from two of the patients' scalp, and gram-positive, giemsa-positive bacteria were seen in the hair follicles in the scalp biopsy of one of the patients. the patients' symptoms did not respond to standard treatment for seborrheic ...201223180917
anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenols-rich extract from tea (camellia sinensis) flowers in acute and chronic mice models.while beneficial health properties of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention is paid to the flowers of tea. in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extract of tea (camellia sinensis) flowers were investigated. pharmacological studies found that administration of tea flowers extract (tfe) could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced paw edema. furthermore, administration of tfe also protected against propionibacterium acnes (p. ...201222900128
sampling and detection of skin propionibacterium acnes: current status.a connection between acne vulgaris and propionibacterium acnes has long been suggested. over the years, several human skin microbiota sampling methods have been evolved and applied, e.g. swab, scrape, extraction techniques including cyanoacrylate gel sampling as well as punch biopsy. collected samples have been processed following various methodologies ranging from culture studies to probe labelling and molecular analysis. direct visualization techniques have recently shown the existence of anat ...201222877737
an expanded multilocus sequence typing scheme for propionibacterium acnes: investigation of 'pathogenic', 'commensal' and antibiotic resistant strains.the gram-positive bacterium propionibacterium acnes is a member of the normal human skin microbiota and is associated with various infections and clinical conditions. there is tentative evidence to suggest that certain lineages may be associated with disease and others with health. we recently described a multilocus sequence typing scheme (mlst) for p. acnes based on seven housekeeping genes (http://pubmlst.org/pacnes). we now describe an expanded eight gene version based on six housekeeping gen ...201222859988
antioxidant and antibacterial activities of vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in thailand.the vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in thailand have been suggested as rich sources of beneficial phytochemicals. in this study, vegetables and fruits native to the northeast region of thailand were evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. for vegetables, the extracts of limnophila aromatica (lamk.) merr. (extracted by 80% ethanol) and sauropus androgynus (linn.) merr. (extracted by distilled water) were found to have significant levels of antioxidant activities measured b ...201224205757
antibiotic susceptibility in prostate-derived propionibacterium acnes isolates.the aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from prostate. prostate-derived p. acnes isolates (n = 24, umeå & örebro, sweden, 2007-2010) and a panel of control strains (n = 25, sweden) collected from skin and deep infections were assessed for resistance to penicillin g, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, azithromycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline, fusidic acid, clindamycin, ri ...201222958285
wild bitter melon (momordica charantia linn. var. abbreviata ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation.in this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of wild bitter melons (wbm; momordica charantia linn. var. abbreviata ser.) on propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation and to identify the bioactive components. our results showed that ethyl acetate (ea) extract of wbm fruit in vitro potently suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 levels in p. acnes-stimulated thp-1 cells. furthermore, concomitant intradermal injection of wbm ea extract in mice effe ...201222953813
steroidal saponins with antimicrobial activity from stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.rhizoma paridis, the root of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (trilliaceae), is a chinese traditional medicine, which resources become less and less. however, the aerial parts of this herb, which can regenerate every year, were discarded. in order to expand the resources, detailed chemical investigation on the stems and leaves of paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis led to isolation of one sapogenin and 24 steroidal saponins (1-25), including 6 new glycosides, named chonglouosides sl-1-sl-6 (1-6). ...201222846376
bacteriology of degenerated lumbar intervertebral disks.a prospective microbiological analysis of intervertebral disk material in surgically treated patients presenting lumbar disk degeneration.201222832554
antibiotic resistance of microbial strains isolated from korean acne patients.over several decades, topical and systemic antibiotics have been the mainstay of treatment for acne vulgaris. the widespread and long-term use of antibiotics in the treatment of acne has resulted in the spread of resistant bacterial strains and treatment failure. we aimed to examine the bacteriology of acne vulgaris and to evaluate its susceptibility to the antibiotics widely used for acne in korea. we examined the species of bacteria aerobically and anaerobically isolated from 100 korean acne p ...201222779738
the effect of benzoyl peroxide 9.8% emollient foam on reduction of propionibacterium acnes on the back using a short contact therapy approach.benzoyl peroxide (bp) exerts its therapeutic effect for acne vulgaris through reduction of propionibacterium acnes. a 1.0 to 2.0 log reduction in p acnes has been demonstrated primarily on the face with use of "leave-on" bp formulations, but also with some bp cleansers. in addition to use for facial acne vulgaris, cleanser formulations of bp are commonly used for truncal acne vulgaris due to ease of use on a large body-surface area and to avoid bleaching of fabric. to date, evaluation of p acnes ...201222777224
[intermittent prolonged fever triggered by efforts].fever of unknown origin is a common reason for care in internal medicine. the wide variety of possible etiologies makes it difficult to standardize the diagnostic work-up that has to be primarily guided by the interview and physical examination.201222766160
propionibacterium acnes host cell tropism contributes to vimentin-mediated invasion and induction of inflammation.the contribution of the human microbiota to health and disease is poorly understood. propionibacterium acnes is a prominent member of the skin microbiota, but is also associated with acne vulgaris. this bacterium has gained recent attention as a potential opportunistic pathogen at non-skin infection sites due to its association with chronic pathologies and its isolation from diseased prostates. we performed comparative global-transcriptional analyses for p. acnes infection of keratinocytes and p ...201222759266
tlr9-dependent and independent pathways drive activation of the immune system by propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is usually a relatively harmless commensal. however, under certain, poorly understood conditions it is implicated in the etiology of specific inflammatory diseases. in mice, p. acnes exhibits strong immunomodulatory activity leading to splenomegaly, intrahepatic granuloma formation, hypersensitivity to tlr ligands and endogenous cytokines, and enhanced resistance to infection. all these activities reach a maximum one week after p. acnes priming and require ifn-γ and tlr9. ...201222745710
effectiveness of 1.25 % povidone-iodine combined with topical levofloxacin against conjunctival flora in intravitreal injection.to compare the effect of a reduced concentration (1.25 %) of povidone-iodine (pi) eye drops, combined with 0.5 % topical levofloxacin (lvfx), with that of the standard of care (5 % pi) on conjunctival flora before intravitreal injections (ivt).201222740305
[bacterial contamination of needles after intravitreal injection in paraguay].the study was designed to prospectively evaluate the bacterial contamination of needles used for intravitreal injection during surgery.201222733287
detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates by a sensitive flow cytometric assay (bactiflow): a multicentre validation study.bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (pcs) still represents an ongoing risk. as a result of septic complications, particularly observed with older pcs, the shelf life of pcs has been reduced in germany to 4 days. in this study, bacterial screening of pcs by bactiflow (bf) flow cytometry was introduced in three german blood services to evaluate the robustness and applicability of the assay. results were used to discuss the potential for the extension of pc shelf life to 5 days.201222724544
injection-induced low-grade infection of the shoulder joint: preliminary results.purulent arthritis of the shoulder has been widely reported. low-grade post-operative infections of the shoulder have also been observed. low-grade infections of the shoulder without prior surgery have not been reported in the literature. the purpose of this study is to present our experience of seven patients with low-grade infections of the shoulder without a history of prior surgery.201222707212
evaluation of the andromas matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for identification of aerobically growing gram-positive bacilli.matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a rapid and simple microbial identification method. previous reports using the biotyper system suggested that this technique requires a preliminary extraction step to identify gram-positive rods (gprs), a technical issue that may limit the routine use of this technique to identify pathogenic gprs in the clinical setting. we tested the accuracy of the maldi-tof ms andromas strategy to identify a set o ...201222692743
comprehensive analysis of bacterial flora in postoperative maxillary cyst fluid by 16s rrna gene and culture methods.intracystic fluid was aseptically collected from 11 patients with postoperative maxillary cyst (pomc), and dna was extracted from the pomc fluid. bacterial species were identified by sequencing after cloning of approximately 580 bp of the 16s rrna gene. identification of pathogenic bacteria was also performed by culture methods. the phylogenetic identity was determined by sequencing 517-596 bp in each of the 1139 16s rrna gene clones. a total of 1114 clones were classified while the remaining 25 ...201222685668
polyphenon-60 displays a therapeutic effect on acne by suppression of tlr2 and il-8 expression via down-regulating the erk1/2 pathway.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a well-known acne-inducing factor which causes inflammatory skin lesions by enhancing cytokine production through toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). green tea extract catechin has been documented to possess anti-inflammatory effects. however, little is known about the mechanisms involved or any direct effect of green tea catechin on acne. the present study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of polyphenon-60, also known as green tea catechin compoun ...201222684779
pacemaker endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes: a case report.a 74-year-old man, with a permanent pacemaker placed 2 years ago for high-grade atrioventricular block, was admitted for worsening fatigue, confusion, and thrombocytopenic purpura without fever. white blood cell count and c-reactive protein were elevated, and echocardiography revealed a 6 × 3-cm echogenic mass surrounding the pacemaker leads. multiple blood cultures were performed, and only 1 bottle grew propionibacterium acnes at 93 hours. the patient underwent surgery, and 16s rrna gene polyme ...201222652170
what's new in antibiotics in the management of acne?acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit with a multifactorial pathogenesis. topical and oral antibiotics are a mainstay treatment for inflammatory acne lesions and are widely utilized for all levels of disease severity. over the past forty years, a gradual increase in antibacterial-resistant strains of propionibacterium acnes has changed the way practitioners use antibiotics to manage acne. updated recommendations call for avoiding antibiotic monotherapy and pre ...201222648324
draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant propionibacterium acnes strain, prp-38, from the novel type ic cluster.propionibacterium acnes, a non-spore-forming, anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, is most notably recognized for its association with acne vulgaris (i. kurokawa et al., exp. dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). we now present the draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant p. acnes strain, prp-38, isolated from an acne patient in the united kingdom and belonging to the novel type ic cluster.201222628495
anti propionibacterium acnes activity of rhodomyrtone, an effective compound from rhodomyrtus tomentosa (aiton) hassk. leaves.propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as one of the main causative agents in pathogenesis of acne. twenty one isolates of p. acnes isolated from acne lesions were screened for lipase and protease activity which are reported to be associated in acne and inflammation. interestingly, all p. acnes isolates demonstrated lipase activity. similarly, 90% of test p. acnes produced protease enzyme. antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of rhodomyrtus tomentosa (aiton) hassk. leaves and rhod ...201222626672
multilocus sequence typing and repetitive-sequence-based pcr (diversilab) for molecular epidemiological characterization of propionibacterium acnes isolates of heterogeneous origin.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacillus predominantly found on the skin. although it is considered an opportunistic pathogen it is also been associated with severe infections. some specific p. acnes subtypes are hypothesized to be more prone to cause infection than others. thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to discriminate between p. acnes isolates of a refined multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method and a genotyping method, diversilab, based on repeti ...201222609518
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