Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of a piperacillin/tazobactam shortage on antimicrobial prescribing and clostridium difficile risk in 88 u.s. medical centers. | anti-infective shortages are a pervasive problem in the u.s. the objective of this study was to identify any associations between changes in antibiotic prescribing during a piperacillin/tazobactam (pip/tazo) shortage and hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) risk in 88 u.s medical centers. | 2017 | 28444166 |
| "predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a three-year cohort study"; methodological issues. | 2017 | 28442436 | |
| [colonization rate of clostridium difficile in healthy children]. | objective: to learn the colonization of clostridium difficile in local healthy children and to investigate the colonization rate and toxin types of clostridium difficile at different ages. method: from september 2014 to january 2015 in a case observational study, healthy children's fecal specimens from the health care department of beijing children's hospital were collected. the children were divided into four groups according to age: <1 year old(n=53), 1-<3 years old(n=50), 3-<6 years old(n=50) ... | 2017 | 28441827 |
| toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalised adults; risk factors and impact on survival. | to establish risk factors for clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalized patients in england. | 2017 | 28435086 |
| ribotypes associated with clostridium difficile outbreaks in brazil display distinct surface protein profiles. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic intestinal pathogen that causes clostridium difficile infection (cdi). c. difficile is the leading cause of toxin-mediated nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. the pathogenesis of cdi is attributed to two major virulence factors, tcda and tcdb toxins, that cause the symptomatic infection. c. difficile also expresses a number of key proteins, including cell wall proteins (cwps). s-layer proteins (slps) are cwps that form a paracrystalline s ... | 2017 | 28435010 |
| clostridium difficile toxin glucosyltransferase domains in complex with a non-hydrolyzable udp-glucose analogue. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. the organism produces two homologous toxins, tcda and tcdb, which enter and disrupt host cell function by glucosylating and thereby inactivating key signalling molecules within the host. as a toxin-mediated disease, there has been a significant interest in identifying small molecule inhibitors of the toxins' glucosyltransferase activities. this study was initiated as part of an effort ... | 2017 | 28433497 |
| results of the implementation of a multidisciplinary programme of faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is common and often difficult to manage. faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is an effective therapeutic tool in these cases, although its applicability and effectiveness in spain is currently unknown. | 2017 | 28433406 |
| how well does transfer of bacterial pathogens by culture swabs correlate with transfer by hands? | in laboratory testing and in isolation rooms, pickup and transfer of health care-associated pathogens by premoistened rayon swabs correlated well with pickup and transfer by bare hands or moistened gloves. these results suggest that swab cultures provide a useful surrogate indicator of the risk for pathogen pickup and transfer by hands. | 2017 | 28431852 |
| prospective cluster controlled crossover trial to compare the impact of an improved hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant on surface contamination and health care outcomes. | quaternary ammonium-based (quat) disinfectants are widely used, but they have disadvantages. | 2017 | 28431849 |
| reducing recurrence of c. difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is facilitated by alteration of the microbiome following antibiotic administration. antimicrobial therapy directed against the pathogen can treat cdi. unfortunately, ∼20% of successfully treated patients will suffer recurrence. bezlotoxumab, a human monoclonal antibody, binds to c. difficile toxin b (tcdb), reducing recurrence presumably by limiting epithelial damage and facilitating microbiome recovery. | 2017 | 28431238 |
| ethical issues in fecal microbiota transplantation in practice. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has demonstrated efficacy and is increasingly being used in the treatment of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. despite a lack of high-quality trials to provide more information on the long-term effects of fmt, there has been great enthusiasm about the potential for expanding its applications. however, fmt presents many serious ethical and social challenges that must be addressed as part of a successful regulatory policy response. in t ... | 2017 | 28430065 |
| a review of the novel application and potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are known as a class of pharmaceutical agents that target h(+)/k(+)-atpase, which is located in gastric parietal cells. ppis are widely used in the treatment of gastric acid-related diseases including peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and so on. these drugs present an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in primary and specialty care. except for gastric acid-related diseases, ... | 2017 | 28429247 |
| detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in oncology patients by highly multiplexed molecular panels. | we compared the frequency of gastrointestinal (gi) pathogen detection in an oncology patient population by two multiplexed molecular assays, the luminex xtag® gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp, which identifies 14 gi pathogens) and the biofire gastrointestinal panel (bfgp, which identifies 22 gi pathogens). we additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics of patients tested with both panels. a total of 200 prospectively collected and 81 archived stool samples were tested by both panels. ... | 2017 | 28429164 |
| loop ileostomy versus total colectomy as surgical treatment for clostridium difficile-associated disease: an eastern association for the surgery of trauma multicenter trial. | the mortality of patients with clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) requiring surgery continues to be very high. loop ileostomy (li) was introduced as an alternative procedure to total colectomy (tc) for cdad by a single-center study. to date, no reproducible results have been published. the objective of this study was to compare these two procedures in a multicentric approach to help the surgeon decide what procedure is best suited for the patient in need. | 2017 | 28426557 |
| quality of care and outcomes among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicenter retrospective study. | half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require hospitalization. we sought to characterize inpatient quality indicators of care and outcomes during ibd-related hospitalizations at 4 major ibd referral centers in canada. | 2017 | 28426451 |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28425276 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423300 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423299 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423298 | |
| changes in composition of the gut bacterial microbiome after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric heart transplant patient. | the microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important influence on human health and many of the comorbidities that affect patients after solid organ transplantation (sot) have been shown to involve changes in gut bacterial populations. thus, microbiome changes in an individual patient may have important health implications after sot but this area remains understudied. we describe changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome from a pediatric heart transplant recipient before and >2.5 ye ... | 2017 | 28421185 |
| the influence of maternal vaginal flora on the intestinal colonization in newborns and 3-month-old infants. | the role of maternal vaginal bacteria on the colonization of neonatal gut is still a matter of discussion. our aim was to estimate the role of maternal vaginal flora on the development of intestinal flora in neonates and 3-month-old infants. | 2017 | 28420276 |
| editorial: clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease - is it always a bad combination? | 2017 | 28417498 | |
| antimicrobial effects of manuka honey on in vitro biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is the cause of the nosocomial c. difficile infection (cdi). the conventional antibiotics used in cdi therapy are often unsuccessful, and recurrent infections may occur. biofilm formation by c. difficile is associated with chronic or recurrent infections; biofilms may contribute to virulence and impaired antimicrobial efficacy. manuka honey, derived from the manuka tree (leptospermum scoparium), is known to exhibit antimicrobial properties that are associated with its signi ... | 2017 | 28417271 |
| clostridium difficile bacteremia: report of two cases in french hospitals and comprehensive review of the literature. | we report two cases of bacteremia due to clostridium difficile from two french hospitals. the first patient with previously diagnosed rectal carcinoma underwent courses of chemotherapy, and antimicrobial treatment, and survived the c. difficile bacteremia. the second patient with colon perforation and newly diagnosed lung cancer underwent antimicrobial treatment in an icu but died shortly after the episode of c. difficile bacteremia. a review of the literature allowed the identification of 137 c ... | 2017 | 28417069 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | preventing clostridium difficile, the most common cause of health care-associated infections in hospitals and infectious disease death in the united states, is a national priority. increased rates of infection among low-risk individuals in the community call for community-based prevention efforts to halt the increasing spread of this highly contagious opportunistic infection. | 2017 | 28414622 |
| colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms in long-term care facilities in italy: a point-prevalence study. | to determine prevalence and risk factors for colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) in long-term care facility (ltcf) residents in italy. genotypes of mdro isolates were investigated. | 2017 | 28412380 |
| clostridium difficile and cystic fibrosis: management strategies and the role of faecal transplantation. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection that colonises the gut in susceptible hosts. it is associated with exposure to healthcare settings and antibiotic use. it could be assumed that cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are a high-risk group for c.difficile. however, despite high carriage rates, cf patients have low rates of active disease. there are guidelines for the treatment of c.difficile, however little is published specific to treating c.difficile in cf. this article provides an overview ... | 2017 | 28411069 |
| preoperative clostridium difficile infection does not affect pouch outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. | the operation of choice for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (cuc) is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). pouchitis is the most common complication after ipaa. the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is higher in cuc patients than the general population and can lead to significant disease flares and higher rates of colectomy. we sought to determine the risk of pouchitis in patients with precolectomy cdi and 90-day postoperative ipaa compli ... | 2017 | 28410344 |
| improvement in the management of patients with clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea following changes to the wording of laboratory reports. | 2017 | 28408053 | |
| risk for clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant remains elevated in the postengraftment period. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent cause of diarrhea among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. it is unknown whether risk factors for cdi vary by time posttransplant. | 2017 | 28405601 |
| trends in the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients with clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide analysis. | background: patients with cancer have several risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but the impact of cdi on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. we analyzed the incidence of cdi and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) database from 2001 to 2010. methods: diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and cdi events. demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (los), and discharge information were ... | 2017 | 28404757 |
| update on antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for clostridium difficile infection. several important mechanisms for c. difficile antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure in vivo resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and dna repair, as well as via biofilm formation. this update s ... | 2017 | 28404671 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of bile acid analogues inhibitory to clostridium difficile spore germination. | standard antibiotic-based strategies for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections disrupt indigenous microbiota and commonly fail to eradicate bacterial spores, two key factors that allow recurrence of infection. as an alternative approach to controlling c. difficile infection, a series of bile acid derivatives have been prepared that inhibit taurocholate-induced spore germination. these analogues have been evaluated in a highly virulent nap1 strain using optical density and phase-contr ... | 2017 | 28402634 |
| toxinotyping and sequencing of clostridium difficile isolates from patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of infectious colitis among hospitalized patients across the globe. the pathogenic potential of c. difficile in producing significant morbidity and mortality is mainly due to production of toxins a and b. the outbreaks of c. difficile infection (cdi) are due to changes in the genetic sequences of the organism. there is hardly any molecular study reported on the prevalent types of c. difficile strains in india. toxinotyping and sequencing of locally cir ... | 2017 | 28401147 |
| effect of metronidazole in infants with bowel habit change: irrelative to the clostridium difficile colonization. | clinical symptoms associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can vary widely. carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. the objective of this study was to determine the association of c. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of c. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. | 2017 | 28401056 |
| survival of clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | clostridium difficile is frequently found in meat and meat products. germination efficiency, defined as colony formation, was previously investigated at temperatures found in meat handling and processing for spores of strain m120 (animal isolate), r20291 (human isolate), and dk1 (beef isolate). in this study, germination efficiency of these spore strains was assessed in phosphate buffered saline (pbs, aw ∼1.00), commercial beef jerky (aw ∼0.82/0.72), and aw-adjusted pbs (aw ∼0.82/0.72). surface ... | 2017 | 28400013 |
| impact of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship program: a front-line ownership driven quality improvement project in a large urban emergency department. | antibiotic overuse has promoted growing rates of antimicrobial resistance and secondary antibiotic-associated infections such as clostridium difficile (c. difficile). antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are effective in reducing antimicrobial use in the inpatient setting; however, the unique environment of the emergency department (ed) lends itself to challenges for successful implementation. front-line ownership (flo) methodology has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for t ... | 2017 | 28399946 |
| risk of clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic c. difficile. | the prevalence of colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3%, and 13.3% of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. this population may benefit from targeted c. difficile infection control interventions. infect control hosp epidemiol 2017;38:718-720. | 2017 | 28397624 |
| validity and reliability of administrative coded data for the identification of hospital-acquired infections: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. | to conduct an updated assessment of the validity and reliability of administrative coded data (acd) in identifying hospital-acquired infections (hais). | 2017 | 28397261 |
| clostridioides difficile 630δerm in silico and in vivo - quantitative growth and extensive polysaccharide secretion. | antibiotic-associated infections with clostridioides difficile are a severe and often lethal risk for hospitalized patients, and can also affect populations without these classical risk factors. for a rational design of therapeutical concepts, a better knowledge of the metabolism of the pathogen is crucial. metabolic modeling can provide a simulation of quantitative growth and usage of metabolic pathways, leading to a deeper understanding of the organism. here, we present an elaborate genome-sca ... | 2017 | 28396843 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries and the source of a growing number of cases of diarrhea in the community. the outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of cdi in some countries. although cdi usually courses as a mild diarrhea it can lead to severe forms such as toxic megacolon or septic shock. one of every 2 episodes of cdi is not diagnosed in spanish hospitals ... | 2017 | 28396132 |
| risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | to characterize the medication and other exposures associated with pediatric community-associated clostridium difficile infections (ca-cdis). | 2017 | 28396027 |
| effect of clostridium difficile prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes on risk of infection. | to assess the effect of facility clostridium difficile infection (cdi) prevalence on risk of healthcare facility (hfc) acquired cdi. | 2017 | 28394408 |
| comparison of fungal culture to surgical pathology exam in the detection of dimorphic fungi and the impact on treatment and outcomes: a 25-year retrospective review at a tertiary cancer center. | the first nonactivated 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (pcc) is approved in the united states for warfarin reversal prior to emergent invasive procedures and in bleeding patients based on noninferiority studies vs plasma. this approval opened the door for off-label pcc use (eg, trauma, liver failure). we have also observed that some patients have received pcc and plasma to reverse a prolonged prothrombin time, instead of pcc alone. herein, we examined how often pcc was used for an off-l ... | 2017 | 28339920 |
| diagnosing an infection control risk. | 2017 | 28158635 | |
| michigan clostridium difficile hospital discharges: frequency, mortality, and charges, 2002-2008. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) causes an intestinal bacterial infection of increasing importance in michigan residents and health-care facilities. the specific burden and health-care costs of c. difficile infection (cdi) were previously unknown. we evaluated the frequency, mortality, and health-care charges of cdi from michigan hospital discharge data. | 2017 | 22298923 |
| the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system. | the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ... | 2017 | 28399189 |
| isolation of six novel 7-oxo- or urso-type secondary bile acid-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents. | understanding the dynamics of secondary bile acid (sba) formation in the gut by sba-producing bacteria is important for host health, as sbas have been shown to affect host pathophysiology and gut microbiota composition. however, our knowledge of sba producers is limited in light of the diversity of gut microbes. here, we isolated six novel sba-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents, all of which were members of known species of gut microbes. anaerostipes caccae d10, bacteroides nordii c5, cl ... | 2017 | 28751127 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of new probiotic culture against clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens. | genus clostridium accompanies more than 200 known species and at least 30 among them are associated with human and animal diseases. at the moment, the treatment of clostridial infections is based on use of antibiotics. however, due to the european ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock production, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of these hardly curable infections have been evaluated. hence, in this study the antimicrobial effect of newly designed probiotic culture consisted of nat ... | 2017 | 28477627 |
| an unusual case of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection with pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and neurological sequelae. | a 75-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fresh rectal bleeding. significantly, he had no risk factors for clostridium difficile infection. an abdominal ct demonstrated colonic thickening, and flexible sigmoidoscopy identified pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions. after initial treatment as c. difficile colitis, a stool sample revealed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. antibiotic therapy was stopped due to the risk of lysis-mediated toxin release, but unfortunately, the patient c ... | 2017 | 28630239 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28580321 | |
| universal vs risk factor screening for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a large multicenter tertiary care facility in canada. | objective to assess the clinical effectiveness of a universal screening program compared with a risk factor-based program in reducing the rates of nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) among admitted patients at the ottawa hospital. design quasi-experimental study. setting ottawa hospital, a multicenter tertiary care facility with 3 main campuses, approximately 47,000 admissions per year, and 1,200 beds. methods from january 1, 2006 through december 31, 2007 (24 months), ... | 2016 | 26470820 |
| discovery and development of surotomycin for the treatment of clostridium difficile. | the primary challenge for treating clostridium difficile infections (cdi) is maintenance of clinical response after the end of treatment (sustained clinical response). disease recurrence following a positive clinical response occurs in approximately 6-25 % of patients after the first episode and in up to 65 % for subsequent recurrences. surotomycin, a novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic with a core derived by streptomyces roseosporus fermentation, disrupts c. difficile cellular membrane activity ... | 2016 | 26670919 |
| clostridium difficile outbreak caused by nap1/bi/027 strain and non-027 strains in a mexican hospital. | clostridium difficile infections caused by the nap1/b1/027 strain are more severe, difficult to treat, and frequently associated with relapses. | 2016 | 26620948 |
| incidence of clostridium difficile infection in patients receiving high-risk antibiotics with or without a proton pump inhibitor. | considering the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), risk reduction strategies are crucial. prior studies suggest that proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use can increase the risk of cdi over antibiotics alone; however, data and guidelines have been conflicting. | 2016 | 26616410 |
| toxicity assessment of clostridium difficile toxins in rodent models and protection of vaccination. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea, also known as c. difficile associated diarrhea. the two major toxins, toxin a and toxin b are produced by most c. difficile bacteria, but some strains, such as bi/nap1/027 isolates, produce a third toxin called binary toxin. the precise biological role of binary toxin is not clear but it has been shown to be a cytotoxin for vero cells. we evaluated the toxicity of these toxins in mice and hamsters and found that binary tox ... | 2016 | 26614590 |
| use of the cobas 4800 system for the rapid detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the new cobas® cdiff and cobas® mrsa/sa tests were compared with conventional methods for the rapid detection of toxigenic clostridium difficile and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the final concordance between cobas cdiff test and gdh/toxin gene screening was 97.62% and between cobas mrsa/sa test and chromogenic culture, 91.30%, respectively. | 2016 | 26611812 |
| epidemiology and factors associated with candidaemia following clostridium difficile infection in adults within metropolitan atlanta, 2009-2013. | we assessed prevalence of and risk factors for candidaemia following clostridium difficile infection (cdi) using longitudinal population-based surveillance. of 13 615 adults with cdi, 113 (0·8%) developed candidaemia in the 120 days following cdi. in a matched case-control analysis, severe cdi and cdi treatment with vancomycin + metronidazole were associated with development of candidaemia following cdi. | 2016 | 26608090 |
| in the endemic setting, clostridium difficile ribotype 027 is virulent but not hypervirulent - erratum. | 2016 | 26607744 | |
| analysis of morbidity and mortality outcomes in postoperative clostridium difficile infection in the veterans health administration. | this study analyzes and reports clostridium difficile infection (cdi) rates, risk factors, and associations with postoperative outcomes in the veterans health administration (vha). | 2016 | 26606675 |
| the high stakes of postoperative clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26606279 | |
| the effectiveness of lactobacillus beverages in controlling infections among the residents of an aged care facility: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. | to clarify the usefulness of lactobacillus casei strain shirota (lcs)-fermented milk in the normalization of bowel movements and improvement of infection control for the elderly residents and staff of facilities for the elderly. | 2016 | 26599038 |
| investigation of a cluster of clostridium difficile infections in a pediatric oncology setting. | we investigated an increase in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among pediatric oncology patients. | 2016 | 26601705 |
| virulence factors of clostridium difficile and their role during infection. | clostridium difficile is the prominent etiological agent of healthcare-associated diarrhea. the disease symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis. the main risk factor for developing an infection after contamination by the resistant spores is the disruption of the gut microbiota, allowing the spores to germinate. the colonization of the gut is likely to be governed by the bacterial resistance to the host response and the bacterial adhesion to the mucosa. to d ... | 2016 | 26596863 |
| routine detection of clostridium difficile in western australia. | despite increasing infection rates, clostridium difficile is not currently routinely tested for in all diarrhoeal faecal specimens in australia. in july 2014, all diarrhoeal specimens submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in western australia were surveyed to determine the true prevalence of c. difficile. in total, 1010 diarrhoeal non-duplicate faecal specimens were received during the month. testing for c. difficile was requested, or the criteria for a c. difficile investigation were met, for 67 ... | 2016 | 26592987 |
| assessment of clostridium difficile burden in patients over time with first episode infection following fidaxomicin or vancomycin. | in patients with first episode clostridium difficile infection treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin, more patients receiving fidaxomicin achieved at least 2 log10 colony-forming units/g reduction in spores at the follow-up visit (p=.02). similar to published literature, a higher proportion of patients receiving fidaxomicin demonstrated sustained clinical response. | 2016 | 26592763 |
| clostridium difficile colonization in asymptomatic infants 1 to 12 months old, admitted to a community hospital. | 2016 | 26581362 | |
| colectomy in pediatric ulcerative colitis: a single center experience of indications, outcomes, and complications. | there is a paucity of data on outcomes and complications of colectomy for pediatric ulcerative colitis (uc). this study reports the experience of a regional center for 18years. | 2016 | 26653944 |
| clostridium difficile infection in texas hospitals, 2007-2011. | 2016 | 26651237 | |
| clostridium difficile infection: a rarity in patients receiving chronic antibiotic treatment for crohn's disease. | prolonged antibiotic use is limited by several adverse effects, one of which is clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of cdi in patients receiving chronic antibiotic treatment for crohn's disease (cd). | 2016 | 26650148 |
| clinical significance of clostridium difficile in children less than 2 years old: a case-control study. | the significance of clostridium difficile (cd) in the stools of children 2 years old or younger remains unclear. the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors and clinical evolution of diarrheic children ≤2 years old with or without cd in their stools. | 2016 | 26650114 |
| proton pump inhibitors affect the gut microbiome. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are among the top 10 most widely used drugs in the world. ppi use has been associated with an increased risk of enteric infections, most notably clostridium difficile. the gut microbiome plays an important role in enteric infections, by resisting or promoting colonisation by pathogens. in this study, we investigated the influence of ppi use on the gut microbiome. | 2016 | 26657899 |
| subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole increase biofilm formation in clostridium difficile strains. | resistance mechanism to metronidazole is still poorly understood, even if the number of reports on clostridium difficile strains with reduced susceptibility to this antibiotic is increasing. in this study, we investigated the ability of the c. difficile strains 7032994, 7032985 and 7032989, showing different susceptibility profiles to metronidazole but all belonging to the pcr ribotype 010, to form biofilm in vitro in presence and absence of subinhibitory concentrations of metronidazole. the qua ... | 2016 | 26656887 |
| clostridium difficile-diagnostic and clinical challenges. | 2016 | 26656133 | |
| the insect peptide copa3 increases colonic epithelial cell proliferation and mucosal barrier function to prevent inflammatory responses in the gut. | the epithelial cells of the gut form a physical barrier against the luminal contents. the collapse of this barrier causes inflammation, and its therapeutic restoration can protect the gut against inflammation. egf enhances mucosal barrier function and increases colonocyte proliferation, thereby ameliorating inflammatory responses in the gut. based on our previous finding that the insect peptide copa3 promotes neuronal growth, we herein tested whether copa3 could increase the cell proliferation o ... | 2016 | 26655716 |
| prevention of infections in nursing homes: antibiotic prophylaxis versus infection control and antimicrobial stewardship measures. | because of the lack of structural and human resources for implementing more effective and safe preventive procedures, antimicrobial prophylaxis is often used to prevent infections in nursing homes. however, if data on the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in nursing homes are null, there is a plenty of evidence that the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in this setting is associated with a high rate of colonization and infection with multi-drug-resistant organisms (mdros), and of clostridium ... | 2016 | 26655286 |
| novel approaches to treating clostridium difficile-associated colitis. | clostridium difficile is being recognized as a growing threat to many health-care systems. epidemiology data shows that infection rates are soaring and the disease burden is increasing. despite the efficacy of standard treatments, it is becoming evident that novel therapeutics will be required to tackle this disease. these new treatments aim to enhance the intestinal microbial barrier, activate the immune system and neutralize the toxins that mediate this disease. many of these therapies are sti ... | 2016 | 26643655 |
| bacteriophage combinations significantly reduce clostridium difficile growth in vitro and proliferation in vivo. | the microbiome dysbiosis caused by antibiotic treatment has been associated with both susceptibility to and relapse of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers target specificity and dose amplification in situ, but few studies have focused on its use in cdi treatment. this mainly reflects the lack of strictly virulent phages that target this pathogen. while it is widely accepted that temperate phages are unsuitable for therapeutic purposes due to their transduc ... | 2016 | 26643348 |
| antimicrobial therapy of acute diarrhoea: a clinical review. | diarrhoea is one of the most commonly occurring diseases. this article presents a review of the current state of the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea, as well as of the most important pathogens. the general principles of the therapy of diarrhoea are exemplified, followed by a description of the targeted antimicrobial therapy of the most important bacterial gastrointestinal infections, including salmonellosis, shigellosis and campylobacter infections, as well as infections with pathogenic ... | 2016 | 26641310 |
| epidemiology, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in hospitalized adults with clostridium difficile infection. | studies have demonstrated an increasing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) incidence in hospitals and the community, with increasing morbidity and mortality. in this study, we analyzed data from the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) to evaluate cdi epidemiology, outcomes, and predictors of mortality in hospitalized adults. we identified cases of cdi (and associated comorbid conditions) from nhds data from 2005 through 2009 using icd-9 codes. weighted univariate and multivariate analys ... | 2016 | 26694494 |
| reducing overutilization of testing for clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric hospital system: a quality improvement initiative. | study objectives included addressing overuse of clostridium difficile laboratory testing by decreasing submission rates of nondiarrheal stool specimens and specimens from children ≤12 months of age and determining resultant patient and laboratory cost savings associated with decreased testing. | 2016 | 26692547 |
| metagenomic approach for identification of the pathogens associated with diarrhea in stool specimens. | the potential to rapidly capture the entire microbial community structure and/or gene content makes metagenomic sequencing an attractive tool for pathogen identification and the detection of resistance/virulence genes in clinical settings. here, we assessed the consistency between pcr from a diagnostic laboratory, quantitative pcr (qpcr) from a research laboratory, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and metagenomic shotgun sequencing (mss) for clostridium difficile identification in diarrhea stool sample ... | 2016 | 26637379 |
| clostridium difficile carriage in healthy pregnant women in china. | infection with clostridium difficile has been shown to have particularly poor outcomes for pregnant women, including an increased risk of death. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, genotypic distribution, and characterization of c. difficile strains isolated from pregnant women without diarrhea in china. as part of this study, 3.7% (37 out of 1009) of samples acquired from pregnant females tested positive for c. difficile. of these positive samples, 27.0% (10) were toxig ... | 2016 | 26633756 |
| establishing a fecal microbiota transplant service for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become an increasing problem in the past decade. fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is a highly efficacious treatment for recurrent cdi; however, a number of technical, logistical, and regulatory issues have hampered the development of an fmt capability at many hospitals. the development of a frozen stool bank of screened donor stool is an important step in the standardization of the procedure. this gives clinicians rapid access to ... | 2016 | 26628567 |
| problems after restorative proctocolectomy: assessment and therapy. | restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the surgical treatment of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis who require colectomy. although the surgical procedure significantly improves the patients' quality of life, complications are common. mechanical or structural complications related to surgical techniques as well as chronic pouchitis are common after the procedure. | 2016 | 26628102 |
| clinical and healthcare burden of multiple recurrences of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is associated with a high risk of recurrence (rcdi). few studies have focused on multiple recurrences. to evaluate the potential of novel treatments targeting recurrence, we assessed the burden and severity of rcdi. | 2016 | 26582748 |
| development and evaluation of double locus sequence typing for molecular epidemiological investigations of clostridium difficile. | despite the development of novel typing methods based on whole genome sequencing, most laboratories still rely on classical molecular methods for outbreak investigation or surveillance. reference methods for clostridium difficile include ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which are band-comparing methods often difficult to establish and which require reference strain collections. here, we present the double locus sequence typing (dlst) scheme as a tool to analyse c. difficile isola ... | 2016 | 26581425 |
| the effect of broader, directed antimicrobial prophylaxis including fungal coverage on perioperative infectious complications after radical cystectomy. | radical cystectomy (rc) with urinary diversion has a significant risk of infection. in an effort to decrease the rate of infectious complications, we instituted a broader, culture-based preoperative antimicrobial regimen, including fungal coverage, and studied its effect on infectious complications after rc. | 2016 | 26572724 |
| a high rate of alternative diagnoses in patients referred for presumed clostridium difficile infection. | we evaluated a cohort of patients referred to our center for presumed recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) to determine final diagnoses and outcomes. | 2016 | 26565971 |
| novel therapeutic strategies for clostridium difficile infections. | in recent years, clostridium difficile has become the primary cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, resulting in long and complicated hospital stays that represent a serious burden for patients as well as health care systems. currently, conservative treatment of c. difficile infection (cdi) relies on the antibiotics vancomycin, metronidazole or fidaxomicin, or in case of multiple recurrences, fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). | 2016 | 26565670 |
| safety and durability of rbx2660 (microbiota suspension) for recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results of the punch cd study. | managing recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) presents a significant challenge for clinicians and patients. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent cdi, yet availability of a standardized, safe, and effective product has been lacking. our aim in this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of rbx2660 (microbiota suspension), a commercially prepared fmt drug manufactured using standardized processes and available in a ready-to-use for ... | 2016 | 26565008 |
| inactivation of clostridium difficile in sewage sludge by anaerobic thermophilic digestion. | there has been an increase in community-associated clostridium difficile infections with biosolids derived from wastewater treatment being identified as one potential source. the current study evaluated the efficacy of thermophilic digestion in decreasing levels of c. difficile ribotype 078 associated with sewage sludge. five isolates of c. difficile 078 were introduced (final density of 5 log cfu/g) into digested sludge and subjected to anaerobic digestion at mesophilic (36 or 42 °c) or thermop ... | 2016 | 26564276 |
| diagnostic testing for clostridium difficile in italian microbiological laboratories. | a laboratory diagnosis survey of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was performed in italy in 2012-2013. questionnaires from 278 healthcare settings from 15 regions of italy were collected and analysed. eighty seven percent of the laboratories declared to routinely perform cdi diagnosis, 99% of them only after the clinician's request. among the 216 laboratories providing information on the size of the hospitals in which they were located, 65 had more than 500 beds (large hospitals), while 151 ... | 2016 | 26555737 |
| nisin is an effective inhibitor of clostridium difficile vegetative cells and spore germination. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified enteric pathogen in patients with nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. several clinically isolated c. difficile strains are resistant to antibiotics other than metronidazole and vancomycin. recently, bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria have been proposed as an alternative or complementary treatment. the aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin, a bacteriocin produced by several ... | 2016 | 26555543 |
| defining appropriate use of proton-pump inhibitors among medical inpatients. | proton-pump inhibitors (ppis) are commonly used among medical inpatients, both for prophylaxis against upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ugib) and continuation of outpatient use. while ppis reduce the risk of ugib, they also appear to increase the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) and clostridium difficile infection (cdi). depending upon the underlying risks of these conditions and the changes in those risks with ppis, use of proton-pump inhibitors may lead to a net benefit or net harm am ... | 2016 | 26553337 |
| a whole new ball game: stem cell-derived epithelia in the study of host-microbe interactions. | recent advances in developmental and stem cell biology have resulted in techniques that enable the generation and maintenance of complex epithelium in vitro. while these models have been utilized to study host development and disease, a renewed appreciation of host-microbe interactions has sparked interest in employing these new techniques to study microbes at the epithelial interface. here we review the current advances in host-microbe interactions that have resulted from experiments using thes ... | 2016 | 26549696 |
| multidisciplinary performance improvement team for reducing health care-associated clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most frequent cause of health care-associated diarrhea and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. it is also associated with a considerable financial burden. a concerted multidisciplinary approach is required for prevention. | 2016 | 26541068 |
| outcomes of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in the pediatric population. pediatric recipients of solid organ transplantation (sot) may be at a higher risk for cdi in part because of chemotherapy and prolonged hospitalization. | 2016 | 26538348 |
| inactivation of clostridium difficile spores by microwave irradiation. | spores are a potent agent for clostridium difficile transmission. therefore, factors inhibiting spores have been of continued interest. in the present study, we investigated the influence of microwave irradiation in addition to conductive heating for c. difficile spore inactivation in aqueous suspension. the spores of 15 c. difficile isolates from different host origins were exposed to conductive heating and microwave irradiation. the complete inhibition of spore viability at 10(7) cfu/ml was en ... | 2016 | 26546732 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis and risk of clostridium difficile infection after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | antibiotic use, particularly type and duration, is a crucial modifiable risk factor for clostridium difficile. cardiac surgery is of particular interest because prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for 48 hours or less (vs ≤24 hours for noncardiac surgery), with increasing vancomycin use. we aimed to study associations between antibiotic prophylaxis (duration/vancomycin use) and c difficile among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. | 2016 | 26545971 |