Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of a piperacillin/tazobactam shortage on antimicrobial prescribing and clostridium difficile risk in 88 u.s. medical centers. | anti-infective shortages are a pervasive problem in the u.s. the objective of this study was to identify any associations between changes in antibiotic prescribing during a piperacillin/tazobactam (pip/tazo) shortage and hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) risk in 88 u.s medical centers. | 2017 | 28444166 |
| "predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a three-year cohort study"; methodological issues. | 2017 | 28442436 | |
| [colonization rate of clostridium difficile in healthy children]. | objective: to learn the colonization of clostridium difficile in local healthy children and to investigate the colonization rate and toxin types of clostridium difficile at different ages. method: from september 2014 to january 2015 in a case observational study, healthy children's fecal specimens from the health care department of beijing children's hospital were collected. the children were divided into four groups according to age: <1 year old(n=53), 1-<3 years old(n=50), 3-<6 years old(n=50) ... | 2017 | 28441827 |
| toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalised adults; risk factors and impact on survival. | to establish risk factors for clostridium difficile colonization among hospitalized patients in england. | 2017 | 28435086 |
| ribotypes associated with clostridium difficile outbreaks in brazil display distinct surface protein profiles. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic intestinal pathogen that causes clostridium difficile infection (cdi). c. difficile is the leading cause of toxin-mediated nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. the pathogenesis of cdi is attributed to two major virulence factors, tcda and tcdb toxins, that cause the symptomatic infection. c. difficile also expresses a number of key proteins, including cell wall proteins (cwps). s-layer proteins (slps) are cwps that form a paracrystalline s ... | 2017 | 28435010 |
| clostridium difficile toxin glucosyltransferase domains in complex with a non-hydrolyzable udp-glucose analogue. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. the organism produces two homologous toxins, tcda and tcdb, which enter and disrupt host cell function by glucosylating and thereby inactivating key signalling molecules within the host. as a toxin-mediated disease, there has been a significant interest in identifying small molecule inhibitors of the toxins' glucosyltransferase activities. this study was initiated as part of an effort ... | 2017 | 28433497 |
| results of the implementation of a multidisciplinary programme of faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is common and often difficult to manage. faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is an effective therapeutic tool in these cases, although its applicability and effectiveness in spain is currently unknown. | 2017 | 28433406 |
| how well does transfer of bacterial pathogens by culture swabs correlate with transfer by hands? | in laboratory testing and in isolation rooms, pickup and transfer of health care-associated pathogens by premoistened rayon swabs correlated well with pickup and transfer by bare hands or moistened gloves. these results suggest that swab cultures provide a useful surrogate indicator of the risk for pathogen pickup and transfer by hands. | 2017 | 28431852 |
| prospective cluster controlled crossover trial to compare the impact of an improved hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant on surface contamination and health care outcomes. | quaternary ammonium-based (quat) disinfectants are widely used, but they have disadvantages. | 2017 | 28431849 |
| reducing recurrence of c. difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is facilitated by alteration of the microbiome following antibiotic administration. antimicrobial therapy directed against the pathogen can treat cdi. unfortunately, ∼20% of successfully treated patients will suffer recurrence. bezlotoxumab, a human monoclonal antibody, binds to c. difficile toxin b (tcdb), reducing recurrence presumably by limiting epithelial damage and facilitating microbiome recovery. | 2017 | 28431238 |
| ethical issues in fecal microbiota transplantation in practice. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has demonstrated efficacy and is increasingly being used in the treatment of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. despite a lack of high-quality trials to provide more information on the long-term effects of fmt, there has been great enthusiasm about the potential for expanding its applications. however, fmt presents many serious ethical and social challenges that must be addressed as part of a successful regulatory policy response. in t ... | 2017 | 28430065 |
| a review of the novel application and potential adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are known as a class of pharmaceutical agents that target h(+)/k(+)-atpase, which is located in gastric parietal cells. ppis are widely used in the treatment of gastric acid-related diseases including peptic ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and so on. these drugs present an excellent safety profile and have become one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in primary and specialty care. except for gastric acid-related diseases, ... | 2017 | 28429247 |
| detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in oncology patients by highly multiplexed molecular panels. | we compared the frequency of gastrointestinal (gi) pathogen detection in an oncology patient population by two multiplexed molecular assays, the luminex xtag® gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp, which identifies 14 gi pathogens) and the biofire gastrointestinal panel (bfgp, which identifies 22 gi pathogens). we additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics of patients tested with both panels. a total of 200 prospectively collected and 81 archived stool samples were tested by both panels. ... | 2017 | 28429164 |
| loop ileostomy versus total colectomy as surgical treatment for clostridium difficile-associated disease: an eastern association for the surgery of trauma multicenter trial. | the mortality of patients with clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) requiring surgery continues to be very high. loop ileostomy (li) was introduced as an alternative procedure to total colectomy (tc) for cdad by a single-center study. to date, no reproducible results have been published. the objective of this study was to compare these two procedures in a multicentric approach to help the surgeon decide what procedure is best suited for the patient in need. | 2017 | 28426557 |
| quality of care and outcomes among hospitalized inflammatory bowel disease patients: a multicenter retrospective study. | half of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) require hospitalization. we sought to characterize inpatient quality indicators of care and outcomes during ibd-related hospitalizations at 4 major ibd referral centers in canada. | 2017 | 28426451 |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28425276 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423300 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423299 | |
| bezlotoxumab and recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28423298 | |
| changes in composition of the gut bacterial microbiome after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a pediatric heart transplant patient. | the microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important influence on human health and many of the comorbidities that affect patients after solid organ transplantation (sot) have been shown to involve changes in gut bacterial populations. thus, microbiome changes in an individual patient may have important health implications after sot but this area remains understudied. we describe changes in the composition of the fecal microbiome from a pediatric heart transplant recipient before and >2.5 ye ... | 2017 | 28421185 |
| the influence of maternal vaginal flora on the intestinal colonization in newborns and 3-month-old infants. | the role of maternal vaginal bacteria on the colonization of neonatal gut is still a matter of discussion. our aim was to estimate the role of maternal vaginal flora on the development of intestinal flora in neonates and 3-month-old infants. | 2017 | 28420276 |
| editorial: clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease - is it always a bad combination? | 2017 | 28417498 | |
| antimicrobial effects of manuka honey on in vitro biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is the cause of the nosocomial c. difficile infection (cdi). the conventional antibiotics used in cdi therapy are often unsuccessful, and recurrent infections may occur. biofilm formation by c. difficile is associated with chronic or recurrent infections; biofilms may contribute to virulence and impaired antimicrobial efficacy. manuka honey, derived from the manuka tree (leptospermum scoparium), is known to exhibit antimicrobial properties that are associated with its signi ... | 2017 | 28417271 |
| clostridium difficile bacteremia: report of two cases in french hospitals and comprehensive review of the literature. | we report two cases of bacteremia due to clostridium difficile from two french hospitals. the first patient with previously diagnosed rectal carcinoma underwent courses of chemotherapy, and antimicrobial treatment, and survived the c. difficile bacteremia. the second patient with colon perforation and newly diagnosed lung cancer underwent antimicrobial treatment in an icu but died shortly after the episode of c. difficile bacteremia. a review of the literature allowed the identification of 137 c ... | 2017 | 28417069 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | preventing clostridium difficile, the most common cause of health care-associated infections in hospitals and infectious disease death in the united states, is a national priority. increased rates of infection among low-risk individuals in the community call for community-based prevention efforts to halt the increasing spread of this highly contagious opportunistic infection. | 2017 | 28414622 |
| colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms in long-term care facilities in italy: a point-prevalence study. | to determine prevalence and risk factors for colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) in long-term care facility (ltcf) residents in italy. genotypes of mdro isolates were investigated. | 2017 | 28412380 |
| clostridium difficile and cystic fibrosis: management strategies and the role of faecal transplantation. | clostridium difficile is a bacterial infection that colonises the gut in susceptible hosts. it is associated with exposure to healthcare settings and antibiotic use. it could be assumed that cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are a high-risk group for c.difficile. however, despite high carriage rates, cf patients have low rates of active disease. there are guidelines for the treatment of c.difficile, however little is published specific to treating c.difficile in cf. this article provides an overview ... | 2017 | 28411069 |
| preoperative clostridium difficile infection does not affect pouch outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. | the operation of choice for patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (cuc) is restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (ipaa). pouchitis is the most common complication after ipaa. the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is higher in cuc patients than the general population and can lead to significant disease flares and higher rates of colectomy. we sought to determine the risk of pouchitis in patients with precolectomy cdi and 90-day postoperative ipaa compli ... | 2017 | 28410344 |
| improvement in the management of patients with clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea following changes to the wording of laboratory reports. | 2017 | 28408053 | |
| risk for clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant remains elevated in the postengraftment period. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent cause of diarrhea among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. it is unknown whether risk factors for cdi vary by time posttransplant. | 2017 | 28405601 |
| trends in the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients with clostridium difficile infection: a nationwide analysis. | background: patients with cancer have several risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), but the impact of cdi on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. we analyzed the incidence of cdi and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the national hospital discharge survey (nhds) database from 2001 to 2010. methods: diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and cdi events. demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (los), and discharge information were ... | 2017 | 28404757 |
| update on antimicrobial resistance in clostridium difficile: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for clostridium difficile infection. several important mechanisms for c. difficile antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure in vivo resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and dna repair, as well as via biofilm formation. this update s ... | 2017 | 28404671 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of bile acid analogues inhibitory to clostridium difficile spore germination. | standard antibiotic-based strategies for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections disrupt indigenous microbiota and commonly fail to eradicate bacterial spores, two key factors that allow recurrence of infection. as an alternative approach to controlling c. difficile infection, a series of bile acid derivatives have been prepared that inhibit taurocholate-induced spore germination. these analogues have been evaluated in a highly virulent nap1 strain using optical density and phase-contr ... | 2017 | 28402634 |
| toxinotyping and sequencing of clostridium difficile isolates from patients in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | clostridium difficile is an important cause of infectious colitis among hospitalized patients across the globe. the pathogenic potential of c. difficile in producing significant morbidity and mortality is mainly due to production of toxins a and b. the outbreaks of c. difficile infection (cdi) are due to changes in the genetic sequences of the organism. there is hardly any molecular study reported on the prevalent types of c. difficile strains in india. toxinotyping and sequencing of locally cir ... | 2017 | 28401147 |
| effect of metronidazole in infants with bowel habit change: irrelative to the clostridium difficile colonization. | clinical symptoms associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can vary widely. carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. the objective of this study was to determine the association of c. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of c. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. | 2017 | 28401056 |
| survival of clostridium difficile spores at low water activity. | clostridium difficile is frequently found in meat and meat products. germination efficiency, defined as colony formation, was previously investigated at temperatures found in meat handling and processing for spores of strain m120 (animal isolate), r20291 (human isolate), and dk1 (beef isolate). in this study, germination efficiency of these spore strains was assessed in phosphate buffered saline (pbs, aw ∼1.00), commercial beef jerky (aw ∼0.82/0.72), and aw-adjusted pbs (aw ∼0.82/0.72). surface ... | 2017 | 28400013 |
| impact of a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship program: a front-line ownership driven quality improvement project in a large urban emergency department. | antibiotic overuse has promoted growing rates of antimicrobial resistance and secondary antibiotic-associated infections such as clostridium difficile (c. difficile). antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) are effective in reducing antimicrobial use in the inpatient setting; however, the unique environment of the emergency department (ed) lends itself to challenges for successful implementation. front-line ownership (flo) methodology has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for t ... | 2017 | 28399946 |
| risk of clostridium difficile infection in hematology-oncology patients colonized with toxigenic c. difficile. | the prevalence of colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile among patients with hematological malignancies and/or bone marrow transplant at admission to a 566-bed academic medical care center was 9.3%, and 13.3% of colonized patients developed symptomatic disease during hospitalization. this population may benefit from targeted c. difficile infection control interventions. infect control hosp epidemiol 2017;38:718-720. | 2017 | 28397624 |
| validity and reliability of administrative coded data for the identification of hospital-acquired infections: an updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. | to conduct an updated assessment of the validity and reliability of administrative coded data (acd) in identifying hospital-acquired infections (hais). | 2017 | 28397261 |
| clostridioides difficile 630δerm in silico and in vivo - quantitative growth and extensive polysaccharide secretion. | antibiotic-associated infections with clostridioides difficile are a severe and often lethal risk for hospitalized patients, and can also affect populations without these classical risk factors. for a rational design of therapeutical concepts, a better knowledge of the metabolism of the pathogen is crucial. metabolic modeling can provide a simulation of quantitative growth and usage of metabolic pathways, leading to a deeper understanding of the organism. here, we present an elaborate genome-sca ... | 2017 | 28396843 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea in industrialized countries and the source of a growing number of cases of diarrhea in the community. the outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of cdi in some countries. although cdi usually courses as a mild diarrhea it can lead to severe forms such as toxic megacolon or septic shock. one of every 2 episodes of cdi is not diagnosed in spanish hospitals ... | 2017 | 28396132 |
| risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | to characterize the medication and other exposures associated with pediatric community-associated clostridium difficile infections (ca-cdis). | 2017 | 28396027 |
| effect of clostridium difficile prevalence in hospitals and nursing homes on risk of infection. | to assess the effect of facility clostridium difficile infection (cdi) prevalence on risk of healthcare facility (hfc) acquired cdi. | 2017 | 28394408 |
| comparison of fungal culture to surgical pathology exam in the detection of dimorphic fungi and the impact on treatment and outcomes: a 25-year retrospective review at a tertiary cancer center. | the first nonactivated 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (pcc) is approved in the united states for warfarin reversal prior to emergent invasive procedures and in bleeding patients based on noninferiority studies vs plasma. this approval opened the door for off-label pcc use (eg, trauma, liver failure). we have also observed that some patients have received pcc and plasma to reverse a prolonged prothrombin time, instead of pcc alone. herein, we examined how often pcc was used for an off-l ... | 2017 | 28339920 |
| diagnosing an infection control risk. | 2017 | 28158635 | |
| michigan clostridium difficile hospital discharges: frequency, mortality, and charges, 2002-2008. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) causes an intestinal bacterial infection of increasing importance in michigan residents and health-care facilities. the specific burden and health-care costs of c. difficile infection (cdi) were previously unknown. we evaluated the frequency, mortality, and health-care charges of cdi from michigan hospital discharge data. | 2017 | 22298923 |
| the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system. | the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ... | 2017 | 28399189 |
| isolation of six novel 7-oxo- or urso-type secondary bile acid-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents. | understanding the dynamics of secondary bile acid (sba) formation in the gut by sba-producing bacteria is important for host health, as sbas have been shown to affect host pathophysiology and gut microbiota composition. however, our knowledge of sba producers is limited in light of the diversity of gut microbes. here, we isolated six novel sba-producing bacteria from rat cecal contents, all of which were members of known species of gut microbes. anaerostipes caccae d10, bacteroides nordii c5, cl ... | 2017 | 28751127 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of new probiotic culture against clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens. | genus clostridium accompanies more than 200 known species and at least 30 among them are associated with human and animal diseases. at the moment, the treatment of clostridial infections is based on use of antibiotics. however, due to the european ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock production, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of these hardly curable infections have been evaluated. hence, in this study the antimicrobial effect of newly designed probiotic culture consisted of nat ... | 2017 | 28477627 |
| an unusual case of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection with pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and neurological sequelae. | a 75-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain and fresh rectal bleeding. significantly, he had no risk factors for clostridium difficile infection. an abdominal ct demonstrated colonic thickening, and flexible sigmoidoscopy identified pseudomembranous colitis-like lesions. after initial treatment as c. difficile colitis, a stool sample revealed escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. antibiotic therapy was stopped due to the risk of lysis-mediated toxin release, but unfortunately, the patient c ... | 2017 | 28630239 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28580321 | |
| a sialic acid aldolase from peptoclostridium difficile nap08 with 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-pentanoate aldolase activity. | sialic acid aldolases (e.c.4.1.3.3) catalyze the reversible aldol cleavage of n-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (neu5ac) to from n-acetyl-d-mannosamine (mannac) and pyruvate. in this study, a sialic acid aldolase (pdnal) from peptoclostridium difficile nap08 was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). this homotetrameric enzyme was purified with a specific activity of 18.34u/mg for the cleavage of neu5ac. the optimal ph and temperature for aldol addition reaction were 7.4 and 65°c, respectively. pdna ... | 2016 | 27542750 |
| complete genome sequence of peptoclostridium difficile strain z31. | peptoclostridium (clostridium) difficile is a spore-forming bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections in humans. it is recognized as an important agent of diarrhea and colitis in several animal species and a possible zoonotic agent. despite the known importance of p. difficile infection in humans and animals, no vaccine or other effective measure to control the disease is commercially available. a possible alternative treatment for p. difficile infection is the use of a nontoxigenic strain ... | 2016 | 28828039 |
| [fecal microbiota transplant in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a case report]. | clostridium difficile infection is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. its incidence has increased in the past 20 years and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. relapsing is frequent after treatment and the management of these recurrent clostridium difficile infections is challenging. several studies over the years have shown that fecal microbiota transplantion is associated with a high degree of success. fecal microbiota transplantion is now part of the european recommend ... | 2016 | 28525191 |
| a retrospective comparison of fecal microbial transplantation methods for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | antibiotic treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has a high failure rate. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has proven very effective in treating these recurrences. | 2016 | 28471618 |
| exploiting a host-commensal interaction to promote intestinal barrier function and enteric pathogen tolerance. | commensal intestinal bacteria can prevent pathogenic infection; however, limited knowledge of the mechanisms by which individual bacterial species contribute to pathogen resistance has restricted their potential for therapeutic application. here, we examined how colonization of mice with a human commensal enterococcus faecium protects against enteric infections. we show that e. faecium improves host intestinal epithelial defense programs to limit salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium pathogen ... | 2016 | 28580440 |
| [antimicrobials : some practical considerations]. | antibiotics are frequently prescribed in hospitalized and in outpatients. we review four important aspects for their daily prescription. in elderly patients, the prescription should take into account changes in the volume of distribution and the usual decline in renal function even in the absence of chronic kidney disease. particular antibiotics can trigger infection with clostridium difficile. we discuss actual and novel strategies for its prevention. renal toxicity of antibiotics includes acut ... | 2016 | 28675267 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: review of the therapeutic approach. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial infectious diarrhea. presenting as clostridium difficile colitis, it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. metronidazole is regarded as the agent of choice for cdl therapy and also for the first recurrence in most patients with mild to moderate cdi. vancomycin is recommended as an initial therapy for patients with severe cdi. with recent food and drug administration-approval fidaxomici ... | 2016 | 22990077 |
| diverticular disease of the colon does not increase risk of repeat c. difficile infection. | studies have suggested that colonic diverticulosis might increase the likelihood of repeat clostridium difficile infection (cdi). our study was designed to compare rates of repeat infection in patients with and without colon diverticula. | 2016 | 23442832 |
| [cost of clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in spain]. | there are not available adequate studies of the costs of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in spain. the aim of the study is to estimate the cost of cdad for the national health service (nhs). | 2016 | 23748655 |
| high-throughput dna sequence analysis reveals stable engraftment of gut microbiota following transplantation of previously frozen fecal bacteria. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is becoming a more widely used technology for treatment of recurrent clostridum difficile infection (cdi). while previous treatments used fresh fecal slurries as a source of microbiota for fmt, we recently reported the successful use of standardized, partially purified and frozen fecal microbiota to treat cdi. here we report that high-throughput 16s rrna gene sequencing showed stable engraftment of gut microbiota following fmt using frozen fecal bacteria fr ... | 2016 | 23333862 |
| which are the antibodies to watch in 2013? | the start of the new year signals that it is time for mabs' annual review of the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in active phase 2/3 or phase 3 clinical studies. the entire clinical pipeline currently includes ~350 mabs, but most of these are in early development. as of the beginning of 2013, our "antibodies to watch" list includes 28 single mabs and one mab mixture that are undergoing evaluation in phase 3 studies for inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancers, high cholesterol, ... | 2016 | 23254906 |
| the roles of toxin a and toxin b in clostridium difficile infection: insights from the gnotobiotic piglet model. | we recently published our findings indicating that anti-tcdb antibodies were effective as treatment for c. difficile infection, but that anti-tcda actually worsened prognosis in the gnotobiotic piglet model. to further investigate the roles of the two toxins, we administered purified toxins separately or together, systemically, to piglets and found that both toxins, either alone or together, are able to elicit severe lesions systemically and are also able to cross into the gut lumen and cause la ... | 2016 | 24394234 |
| all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with infectious diarrhea: clostridium difficile versus other enteric pathogens in austria from 2008 to 2010. | clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of gastroenteritis-associated deaths in the industrialized world, followed by infection with norovirus. | 2016 | 24231157 |
| development of team action projects in surgery (taps): a multilevel team-based approach to teaching quality improvement. | to meet the accreditation council for graduate medical education core competency in practice-based learning and improvement, educational curricula need to address training in quality improvement (qi). we sought to establish a program to train residents in the principles of qi and to provide practical experiences in developing and implementing improvement projects. | 2016 | 24602703 |
| managing clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients. | checklists are not a new phenomenon and have been used in the aviation industry for some time as a means of ensuring safety and minimising harm. checklists are now used commonly in health care to improve patient safety. this article describes the development and integration of a daily review checklist process to support the care and management of patients with clostridium difficile infection in one nhs trust hospital. the aim of the checklist is to assist staff in early recognition of disease se ... | 2016 | 24734836 |
| national trends and in-hospital outcomes of adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving parenteral nutrition support. | patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), including crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), are susceptible to protein-calorie malnutrition secondary to decreased oral intake, malabsorption, and increased metabolic expenditure. in this study, we seek to assess the national frequencies of parenteral nutrition (pn) use among hospitalized patients with ibd and to determine their in-hospital outcomes. | 2016 | 24687967 |
| fecal transplant for treatment of toxic megacolon associated with clostridium difficile colitis in a patient with duchenne muscular dystrophy. | clostridium difficile (c diff) colitis infection is the most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea and the prevalence is increasing worldwide. toxic megacolon is a severe complication of c diff colitis associated with high mortality. gastrointestinal (gi) comorbidity and impaired smooth muscle contraction are risk factors for the development of c diff-associated toxic megacolon. we present a case of fulminant c diff colitis with toxic megacolon in a patient with duchenne muscular dystro ... | 2016 | 24858336 |
| stool management systems for preventing environmental spread of clostridium difficile: a comparative trial. | the purpose of this study was to compare contamination of the immediate environment with clostridium difficile spores and vegetative cells from 2 stool management systems over a period of 30 days in a controlled laboratory setting. | 2016 | 25188802 |
| context for practice: challenges in practice, cauti, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, hyperhydrosis, and the perils of cigarette smoking. | 2016 | 25188795 | |
| clostridium difficile infection worsens the prognosis of ulcerative colitis. | the impact of clostridium difficile infections among ulcerative colitis (uc) patients is well characterized. however, there is little knowledge regarding the association between c difficile infections and postoperative complications among uc patients. | 2016 | 25157528 |
| the evaluation of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in a community hospital. | clostridium difficile is a serious reemerging pathogen in europe and north america. c. difficile infection (cdi) has been of concern over the last decade in view of its significant morbidity and mortality, as well as the high health care costs involved with each case. although multiple risk factors are known to be associated with cdi, a number of patients develop severe infection even in the absence of known risk factors. cdi is diagnosed by the detection of the toxin a/b in stools by enzyme imm ... | 2016 | 25301221 |
| restrictive reporting of selected antimicrobial susceptibilities influences clinical prescribing. | cascade and restrictive reporting are useful strategies to enhance antibiotic stewardship programs. | 2016 | 25466592 |
| luminal toxin-binding agents for clostridium difficile infection. | to systematically search the literature for trials evaluating luminal toxin-binding agents (ltbas) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 25613056 |
| prolonged clostridium difficile infection may be associated with vitamin d deficiency. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections, creating a financial burden for the u.s. healthcare system. reports suggest that vitamin d-deficient cdi patients incur higher healthcare-associated expenses and longer lengths of stay compared to nondeficient counterparts. the objective here was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin d level and cdi recurrence. | 2016 | 25623479 |
| development of microbeads of chicken yolk antibodies against clostridium difficile toxin a for colonic-specific delivery. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection has increased in western world in the past 10 years, similar infection rates are also reported in developing countries such as china. current antibiotics treatments have recurrence rates between 15% and 30%. igy antibodies against toxin a of c. difficile could protect animal models from the challenge of lethal dose of c. difficile spores. however, igy is sensitive to the low ph environment of the stomach and proteinases in the intestine. the objec ... | 2016 | 25799315 |
| targeted localized use of therapeutic antibodies: a review of non-systemic, topical and oral applications. | therapeutic antibodies provide important tools in the "medicine chest" of today's clinician for the treatment of a range of disorders. typically monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are administered in large doses, either directly or indirectly into the circulation, via a systemic route which is well suited for disseminated ailments. diseases confined within a specific localized tissue, however, may be treated more effectively and at reduced cost by a delivery system which targets directly the af ... | 2016 | 25600465 |
| clinical and demographic profile of patients reporting for clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care hospital. | 2016 | 25866002 | |
| the first clostridium difficile ribotype 027 strain isolated in taiwan. | 2016 | 25791539 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: a nursing-based quality improvement strategy. | patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) have a higher prevalence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and worse outcomes. research has highlighted the inconsistent care that is provided to patients with ibd, and at our institution, the cdi testing rate was 41%. the present quality improvement intervention sought to increase cdi testing for inpatients with ibd with a flare. | 2016 | 26042744 |
| clostridium difficile infection may loom behind ipilimumab-induced auto-immune colitis. | 2016 | 25905620 | |
| [clostridium difficile, are all our patients diagnosed?]. | a close correlation between clinical and microbiological diagnosis in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is very important to identify how severe is this health problem, and to approach its correct management of it, individually and as a population problem. | 2016 | 25743538 |
| efficacy of perioperative synbiotics treatment for the prevention of surgical site infection after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. | the aim of this study was to assess the effect of perioperative oral administration of synbiotics on the surgical outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection. | 2016 | 25933911 |
| clostridium difficile in crete, greece: epidemiology, microbiology and clinical disease. | we studied the epidemiology and microbiology of clostridium difficile and the characteristics of patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) in crete in three groups of hospitalized patients with diarrhoea: group 1 [positive culture and positive toxin by enzyme immunoassay (eia)]; group 2 (positive culture, negative toxin); group 3 (negative culture, negative toxin). patients in group 1 were designated as those with definitive cdi (20 patients for whom data was available) and matched with cases i ... | 2016 | 25989816 |
| a rare case of infectious colitis. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is responsible for numerous infectious processes. gastrointestinal tract involvement is rather rare and only a handful of cases of mrsa colitis have been reported in north america. we present a case of mrsa colitis in an adult without apparent risk factors. abdominal computed tomography (ct) showed thickening of the sigmoid colon, indicative of colitis, and empiric therapy with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole was started. initial work-up for inf ... | 2016 | 26014485 |
| clostridium difficile infection: new insights into therapeutic options. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in healthcare settings and represents a major social and economic burden. the major virulence determinants are large clostridial toxins, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), encoded within the pathogenicity locus. traditional therapies, such as metronidazole and vancomycin, frequently lead to a vicious circle of recurrences due to their action against normal human microbiome. new disease management strategies to ... | 2016 | 25955884 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection and the microbiome. | the diverse and densely populated gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for the regulation of host physiology and immune function. as our knowledge of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota continues to expand, there is new interest in using these developments to tailor fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) and microbial ecosystem therapeutics (met) for a variety of diseases. the potential role of fmt and met in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi)-curren ... | 2016 | 26153514 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile, a major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea due to perturbation of the normal gastrointestinal microbiome, is responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. the incidence and severity of c difficile infection (cdi) is increasing, and recurrent disease is common. recurrent infection can be difficult to manage with conventional antibiotic therapy. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), which involves instillation of stool from a healthy d ... | 2016 | 26344412 |
| fecal microbiota transplant: treatment options for clostridium difficile infection in the intensive care unit. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has steadily increased in incidence since the 1990s, with an associated increase in recurrence and severity, which has in turn lead to more intensive care unit (icu) admissions. the development of recurrent cdi, in particular, has been associated with increasing patient morbidity and mortality as well as an immense financial burden on the health care system. recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has received much publicity as an effective means of ... | 2016 | 26141116 |
| role of binary toxin in the outcome of clostridium difficile infection in a non-027 ribotype setting. | binary toxin (bt) has been associated with strains causing more severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi), such as ribotype 027. data on the outcome of patients having bt present in ribotypes other than 027 are scarce. our objective was to investigate the association between bt isolates and outcome of cdi in a non-027 ribotype setting. we prospectively included cdi episodes (january-june 2013 and march-june 2014) from symptomatic patients aged >2 years. epidemiological and clinical data were ... | 2016 | 26119775 |
| regulation of clostridium difficile spore germination by the cspa pseudoprotease domain. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming obligate anaerobe that is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. c. difficile infections begin when its metabolically dormant spores germinate in the gut of susceptible individuals. binding of bile salt germinants to the csp family pseudoprotease cspc triggers a proteolytic signaling cascade consisting of the csp family protease cspb and the cortex hydrolase slec. conserved across many of the clostridia, csp proteases are subtilisin-like ser ... | 2016 | 26231446 |
| clostridium difficile colonization in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a prospective study of the epidemiology and outcomes involving toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal tract occurs before development of c. difficile infection (cdi). this prospective study examines the rates, risk factors, and outcomes of colonization with toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of c. difficile in hsct patients. this 18-month study was conducted in the hsct unit at the karmanos cancer center and wayne state univers ... | 2016 | 26211988 |
| evaluation of incidence and risk factors for high-dose methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. | high-dose methotrexate (doses ≥1 g/m(2)) is a key component of several chemotherapy regimens used to treat patients with leukemia or lymphoma. despite appropriate precautions with hydration, urine alkalinization, and leucovorin, nephrotoxicity remains a risk which can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. current reports of risk factors for nephrotoxicity focus on patients with nephrotoxicity with a lack of comparison to those without toxicity. this study aimed to describe the incidence o ... | 2016 | 26152702 |
| isolation and quantitation of clostridium difficile in aqueous and fecal matter using two types of selective media. | we evaluated the isolation and quantitation of clostridium difficile from aqueous and fecal samples utilizing chromid cdif and cycloserine, cefoxitin, and fructose-containing agar with horse blood and taurocholate media. growth was similar between the two. chromid cdif provided enhanced isolation and required no ethanol pretreatment to inhibit normal flora. chromid cdif also improved turn-around time, requiring only 24 hours' incubation. | 2016 | 26198865 |
| [fecal transplantation for the treatment of relapsing diarrhea associated with clostridium difficile infection in a liver transplantation patient]. | 2016 | 26343156 | |
| the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection in outpatient pediatrics. | 2016 | 26350428 | |
| trends in oral antibiotic, proton pump inhibitor, and histamine 2 receptor blocker prescription patterns for children compared with adults: implications for clostridium difficile infection in the community. | the use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitor (ppi), and histamine 2 receptor blocker (h2b) was compared between children and adults in the community from 2005 through 2011. antibiotic prescription rates remained stable for children, but increased significantly for adults, p = .03. ppi prescription rates increased for children, p = .02 and for adults, p = .009. h2b prescription rates increased for children, p = .03, but not for adults. antibiotic prescription rates were significantly higher in c ... | 2016 | 26350427 |
| identification of key taxa that favor intestinal colonization of clostridium difficile in an adult chinese population. | fecal microbial transplantation provides a high curative rate for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, limitations associated with fmt drive the need to identify key taxa for selective probiotic therapy for prevention, treatment and cure of human cdi. cdi-associated changes in gut microbiota were investigated in adult patients in the western countries and among infant population in china. however, there has been no such study involving adult patients in china. therefore, usi ... | 2016 | 26383014 |
| factors predictive of severe clostridium difficile infection depend on the definition used. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) produces a variety of clinical presentations ranging from mild diarrhea to severe infection with fulminant colitis, septic shock, and death. over the past decade, the emergence of the bi/nap1/027 strain has been linked to higher prevalence and severity of cdi. the guidelines to treat patients with cdi are currently based on severity factors identified in the literature and on expert opinion and have not been systematically evaluated. | 2016 | 26335160 |
| incidence and clinical outcomes of clostridium difficile infection after treatment with tuberculosis medication. | to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (tb) medication-associated clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 26260753 |