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in vitro study of beneficial properties and safety of lactic acid bacteria isolated from portuguese fermented meat products.many lactic acid bacteria produce bacteriocins with a rather broad spectrum of inhibition, which could offer potential applications in food preservation. bacteriocin production by starter cultures may bring advantage to these strains in competitive interactions with pathogenic bacteria from the food matrix. the objective of this study was to determine the safety of beneficial strains (lactobacillus plantarum st202ch and st216ch, enterococcus faecium st211ch, and lactobacillus sakei st22ch, st153 ...201424463204
enantioselective lactic acid production by an enterococcus faecium strain showing potential in agro-industrial waste bioconversion: physiological and proteomic studies.the growing demand of biodegradable plastic polymers is increasing the industrial need of enantiospecific l-lactic acid (l-la), the building block to produce polylactides. the most suitable industrial strategy to obtain high amounts of la is the microbial fermentation of fruit and vegetable wastes by lactic acid bacteria (lab). in this paper seven lab strains from our laboratory collection, were screened for their ability to produce the highest amount of pure l-la. a strain of enterococcus faeci ...201424452097
effects of oral administration of heat-killed enterococcus faecium strain nhrd ihara in post-weaning piglets.probiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (lab) have recently received attention as candidates for alternative anti-microbial feed additives. we previously isolated enterococcus faecium strain nhrd ihara (ferm bp-11090, nhrd ihara strain) and reported its probiotic efficacy. however, we have not determined the effect of oral administration of heat-killed cells of this strain. here, we performed two experiments to investigate the effect of oral administration of the heat-killed nhrd ihara s ...201424450962
safety of the surrogate microorganism enterococcus faecium nrrl b-2354 for use in thermal process validation.enterococcus faecium nrrl b-2354 is a surrogate microorganism used in place of pathogens for validation of thermal processing technologies and systems. we evaluated the safety of strain nrrl b-2354 based on its genomic and functional characteristics. the genome of e. faecium nrrl b-2354 was sequenced and found to comprise a 2,635,572-bp chromosome and a 214,319-bp megaplasmid. a total of 2,639 coding sequences were identified, including 45 genes unique to this strain. hierarchical clustering of ...201424413604
use of enterococcus faecium as a surrogate for salmonella enterica during extrusion of a balanced carbohydrate-protein meal.multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis have been associated with the consumption of low-moisture products, including extruded products. therefore, there is a need for a nonpathogenic, surrogate microorganism that can be used to validate extrusion processes for salmonella. the objective of this research was to determine if enterococcus faecium nrrl b-2354 is an adequate surrogate organism for salmonella during extrusion. extrusions at different temperatures were done in material contaminated with bo ...201424406001
molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolated from intensive care units.to assess the molecular characterization of disseminated vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in the intensive care units, 546 enterococci isolates were collected from different clinical samples in a prospective observational study. the results showed that a total number of 33 isolates (6 %) were resistant to vancomycin. most of the vre isolates 11 (34 %) were isolated from intensive care units (icus). 18 (55 %) vre isolates were obtained from urinary tract infections. the results from pulsed- ...201424399362
functional motions modulating vana ligand binding unraveled by self-organizing maps.the vana d-ala:d-lac ligase is a key enzyme in the emergence of high level resistance to vancomycin in enterococcus species and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. it catalyzes the formation of d-ala-d-lac instead of the vancomycin target, d-ala-d-ala, leading to the production of modified, low vancomycin binding affinity peptidoglycan precursors. therefore, vana appears as an attractive target for the design of new antibacterials to overcome resistance. the catalytic site of vana is de ...201424397493
could chloramphenicol be used against eskape pathogens? a review of in vitro data in the literature from the 21st century.the widespread use of antibiotics has been associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria. 'eskape' (enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acintobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter spp.) pathogens play a major role in the rapidly changing scenario of antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century. chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that was abandoned in developed countries due to its association with fatal ap ...201424392752
fosfomycin resistance among vancomycin-resistant enterococci owing to transfer of a plasmid harbouring the fosb gene.the presence and characterisation of plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance determinants were investigated among 45 clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) isolated in zhejiang province, china. in total, 19 vre were resistant to fosfomycin, of which 18 isolates had conjugative fosfomycin resistance and were positive for fosb. no reported fos genes were detected in the remaining isolate. among the 18 fosb-carrying isolates, the fosb gene was always flanked by tnpa, suggesting the same nov ...201424388115
individual variability in finger-to-finger transmission efficiency of enterococcus faecium clones.a fingertip-to-fingertip intraindividual transmission experiment was carried out in 30 healthy volunteers, using four mlst-typed enterococcus faecium clones. overall results showed an adequate fit goodness to a theoretical exponential model, whereas four volunteers (13%) exhibited a significantly higher finger-to-finger bacterial transmission efficiency. this observation might have deep consequences in nosocomial epidemiology.201424382843
diversity of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a low endemicity area.although vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are frequent nosocomial pathogens worldwide, in japan their prevalence is low and their molecular epidemiology remains unclear. in the university of tokyo hospital (tokyo, japan), only five isolates of vre (vana-type enterococcus faecium) were identified in the 20 years before 2010; however, nine isolates of vanb-type e. faecium were identified from 2011 to 2012. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) revealed that they belonged to five sequence types ( ...201427873589
whole-genome analyses of enterococcus faecium isolates with diverse daptomycin mics.daptomycin (dap) is a lipopeptide antibiotic frequently used as a "last-resort" antibiotic against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre). however, an important limitation for dap therapy against vre is the emergence of resistance during therapy. mutations in regulatory systems involved in cell envelope homeostasis are postulated to be important mediators of dap resistance in e. faecium. thus, in order to gain insights into the genetic bases of dap resistance in e. faecium, we investiga ...201424867964
central nervous system infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci: case series and review of the literature.to evaluate reported cases of central nervous system (cns) infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and describe the data necessary to better understand clinical characteristics of this rare disease process.201424846601
antibiotic regimens with rifampicin for treatment of enterococcus faecium in biofilms.enterococcus faecium is an important pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics and is able to form biofilms on implanted medical devices. in this study, the efficacy of rifampicin-containing antibiotic regimens against biofilms of e. faecium in vitro was investigated by determination of the minimum biofilm eradication concentration and by time-kill experiments of bacteria in biofilms formed on beads of bone cement. rifampicin combined with tigecycline, daptomycin or linezolid was more effic ...201424837415
daptomycin is safe and effective for the treatment of gram-positive cocci infections in solid organ transplantation.infections caused by resistant gram-positive cocci (gpc), especially to glycopeptides, are difficult to treat in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients as a result of lower effectiveness and high rates of renal impairment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of daptomycin in this population.201424834833
a sustained endemic outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium: a 30-month surveillance study.the assessment of risk factors for the nosocomial acquisition of colonization and infection by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) is often problematic due to scarce data on antibiotic use. a 30-month prospective cohort study was conducted to characterize vrefm strains isolated during an outbreak and endemic period, identifying the risk factors, antibiotic consumption, and prevalence of virulence determinants.201424832852
antimicrobial and in vitro wound healing properties of novel clay based bionanocomposite films.the present study investigates the development of methyl cellulose (mc)-sodium alginate (sa)-montmorillonite (mmt) clay based bionanocomposite films with interesting wound healing properties. the differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the composite films revealed presence of single glass transition temperature (tg) confirming the miscible nature of the ternary blended films. the increase in mmt ratio in the composite films reduced the mobility of biopolymer chains (mc/sa) which increased ...201424831081
stimulation of duodenal biopsies and whole blood from dogs with food-responsive chronic enteropathy and healthy dogs with toll-like receptor ligands and probiotic enterococcus faecium.the composition of the microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in humans and chronic enteropathies (ce) in dogs. the administration of probiotic micro-organisms is one way of modulating the microbiome, but experiments elucidating mechanisms of action of probiotics in the intestine of healthy and ce dogs are lacking. the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of different toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands and enterococcus faecium (ef) on ...201424813376
malakoplakia of liver: report of two cases.malakoplakia is an unusual chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of michaelis-gutmann bodies. patients with malakoplakia often have an immunodeficiency state. it is believed that malakoplakia results from a defective macrophage response to phagocytosed bacteria. malakoplakia most commonly affects the genitourinary tract. cases confined to the liver are rare, with only five cases described in the literature. we report two cases of malakoplakia of liver; both were incidental ...201424755510
[infective endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecium: a case report]. 201424735633
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcome.vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) has emerged as a relevant multidrug-resistant pathogen and potentially lethal etiology of health care associated infections worldwide. the objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess factors associated with mortality in patients with vref bacteremia in a major tertiary referral hospital in southern brazil. all documented cases of bacteremia identified between may 2010 and july 2012 were evaluated. cox regression was performed to det ...201424729981
microbiological spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity in endophthalmitis: a 25-year review.to identify the spectrum and susceptibility pattern of pathogens responsible for culture-positive endophthalmitis referred to a single institution and investigate possible trends in both pathogens and antibiotic sensitivities over the past 25 years.201424702755
the first linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecium in india: high level resistance in a patient with no previous antibiotic exposure.linezolid provides high rates of the clinical cure and microbiological success in complicated infections due to enterococcus spp., including vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. however, the emergence of resistance during linezolid treatment has been reported for clinical strains of enterococcus, which is alarming given the fact that, this leaves the clinician with very few treatment options. we report the first case of linezolid resistant enterococcus faecium from india, which was isolate ...201424678466
co-colonization of vana and vanb enterococcus faecium of clonal complex 17 in a patient with bacteremia due to vana e. faecium.a 53-year-old vietnamese man with liver cirrhosis was transferred from a vietnamese hospital to our tertiary care hospital in korea in order to undergo a liver transplantation. bacteremia due to vana enterococcus faecium was diagnosed, and stool surveillance cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) were positive for both vana and vanb e. faecium. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the 2 vana vre isolates from the blood and stool were clonal, but the vanb vre was u ...201424674093
synthesis and biological activity of quaternary ammonium salt-type agents containing cholesterol and terpenes.new quaternary ammonium salt-type compounds with lipophilic cholesterol and terpene moieties were synthesized. the compounds showed promising antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities. those compounds containing the cholesterol moiety showed significant activity against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and enterococcus faecium. on the contrary, the antimycobacterial activity increased with the presence of the terpene unit in the molecule.201424664885
dramatic increase in vancomycin-resistant enterococci in germany.among european countries, germany has one of the highest proportions of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium bloodstream infections. the aim of this study was to investigate the development of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in german hospitals and to consider the regional distribution of vre in germany.201424615816
insufficient discriminatory power of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for typing of enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus aureus isolates.maldi-tof mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is increasingly used as a reliable technique for species identification of bacterial pathogens. in this study we investigated the question of whether maldi-tof ms can be used for accurate sub-differentiation of strains and isolates of two important nosocomial pathogens enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus aureus. for this purpose, a selection of 112 pre-characterized e. faecium isolates (clonal complexes cc2, cc5, cc9, cc17, cc22, cc25, cc26, cc92 al ...201424614010
influence of isolate origin and presence of various genes on biofilm formation by enterococcus faecium.enterococcus faecium, a major cause of nosocomial infections, is often isolated from conditions where biofilm is considered to be important in the establishment of infections. we investigated biofilm formation among e. faecium isolates from diverse sources and found that the occurrence and amount of biofilm formation were significantly greater in clinical isolates than fecal isolates from community volunteers. we also found that the presence of the empfm (e. faecium pilus) operon was associated ...201424606170
[bacteriocinogenia of enterococci of human intestine microflora].characteristics of bacteriocinogenicity and bacteriocin-sensistivity of enterococci isolated from human feces.201424605664
draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecium strain lct-ef301, which shows changes in biochemical metabolism following space flight.an enterococcus faecium strain was sent into space on the shenzhou-viii mission. after the space flight, the strain e. faecium lct-ef301 was isolated and sequenced based on the changes to its metabolic properties.201424604642
haloemodin as novel antibacterial agent inhibiting dna gyrase and bacterial topoisomerase i.drug-resistant bacterial infections and lack of available antibacterial agents in clinical practice are becoming serious risks to public health. we synthesized a new class of haloemodins by modifying a traditional chinese medicine component, emodin. the novel haloemodin exerts strong inhibitory activity on bacterial topoisomerase i and dna gyrase, and not on the topoisomerases of human origin. in principle, it shows remarkable antibacterial activities against laboratory and clinically isolated g ...201424588790
the general composition of the faecal virome of pigs depends on age, but not on feeding with a probiotic bacterium.the pig faecal virome, which comprises the community of viruses present in pig faeces, is complex and consists of pig viruses, bacteriophages, transiently passaged plant viruses and other minor virus species. only little is known about factors influencing its general composition. here, the effect of the probiotic bacterium enterococcus faecium (e. faecium) ncimb 10415 on the pig faecal virome composition was analysed in a pig feeding trial with sows and their piglets, which received either the p ...201424586429
an antilisterial bacteriocin bacfl31 produced by enterococcus faecium fl31 with a novel structure containing hydroxyproline residues.a new bacterium called fl31, which was selected for its antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes, was identified as enterococcus faecium and noted to produce an antibacterial proteinaceous substance (bacfl31). the active peptide from the cell-free supernatant of e. faecium fl31 was purified in four steps and the results revealed a single band with an estimated molecular mass of approximately 3.5 kda. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified bacfl31 ...201424583094
cross-talk between host, microbiome and probiotics: a systems biology approach for analyzing the effects of probiotic enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 in piglets.a comprehensive data-set from a multidisciplinary feeding experiment with the probiotic enterococcus faecium was analyzed to elucidate effects of the probiotic on growing piglets. sixty-two piglets were randomly assigned to a control (no probiotic treatment) and a treatment group (e. faecium supplementation). piglets were weaned at 26 d. age-matched piglets were sacrificed for the collection of tissue samples at 12, 26, 34 and 54 d. in addition to zootechnical data, the composition and activity ...201427485687
efficacy of daptomycin in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: a 5 year comparison with conventional therapy.enterococcus spp. account for 10% of infective endocarditis (ie). although daptomycin is a bactericidal drug with in vitro activity against enterococcus, there is little experience of its use in ie. we analysed the effectiveness of daptomycin in the treatment of enterococcal ie (eie).201424532682
ceftaroline restores daptomycin activity against daptomycin-nonsusceptible vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium.daptomycin-nonsusceptible vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) strains are a formidable emerging threat to patients with comorbidities, leaving few therapeutic options in cases of severe invasive infections. using a previously characterized isogenic pair of vre strains from the same patient differing in their daptomycin susceptibilities (etest mics of 0.38 mg/liter and 10 mg/liter), we examined the effect of ceftaroline, ceftriaxone, and ampicillin on membrane fluidity and susceptibil ...201424366742
antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of polyphenol and polysaccharides from fermented sargassum sp.the current investigation was carried out with an objective of determining the structural characteristic of polysaccharides extracted from fermented sargassum sp. to be used as potent natural heparin substitute anticoagulant compound. sargassum sp. fermented with marine lactic acid bacteria was initially subjected to ethanol precipitation for the recovery of bioactive compounds. antioxidant activity was maximum in the soluble fraction whereas anticoagulant activity was observed to be high in the ...201424530322
vancomycin-variable enterococcus faecium: in vivo emergence of vancomycin resistance in a vancomycin-susceptible isolate.we report the emergence of vancomycin resistance in a patient colonized with a vana-containing, vanrs-negative isolate of enterococcus faecium which was initially vancomycin susceptible. this is a previously undescribed mechanism of drug resistance with diagnostic and therapeutic implications.201424523476
outbreak of vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium containing the wild-type vana gene.accurate detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is essential in preventing transmission in health care settings. chromogenic media are widely used for screening vre because of fast turnaround times (tat) and high sensitivity. we report an outbreak of enterococcus faecium bearing vana yet susceptible to vancomycin (vancomycin-variable enterococcus [vve]). between october 2009 to march 2011, clinical and screening specimens (n=14,747) were screened for vre using vre-selective medium a ...201424523464
antibacterial efficacy of nisin, pediocin 34 and enterocin fh99 against l. monocytogenes, e. faecium and e. faecalis and bacteriocin cross resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of their bacteriocin resistant variants.the bacteriocin susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes mtcc 657, enterococcus faecium dsmz 20477, e. faecium vre, and e. faecalis atcc 29212 and their corresponding bacteriocin resistant variants was assessed. the single and combined effect of nisin and pediocin 34 and enterocin fh99 bacteriocins produced by pediococcus pentosaceus 34, and e. faecium fh99, respectively, was determined. pediocin34 proved to be more effective in inhibiting l. monocytogenes mtcc 657. a greater antibacterial effec ...201424493880
dietary enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 and zinc oxide stimulate immune reactions to trivalent influenza vaccination in pigs but do not affect virological response upon challenge infection.swine influenza viruses (siv) regularly cause significant disease in pigs worldwide. since there is no causative treatment of siv, we tested if probiotic enterococcus (e.) faecium ncimb 10415 or zinc (zn) oxide as feed supplements provide beneficial effects upon siv infection in piglets. seventy-two weaned piglets were fed three different diets containing either e. faecium or different levels of zn (2500 ppm, zn(high); 50 ppm, zn(low)). half of the piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (vac) t ...201424489827
application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the screening of vana-positive enterococcus faecium.in order to evaluate a rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maidi-tof ms) assay in screening vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, a total of 150 e. faecium clinical strains were studied, including 60 vancomycin-resistant e. faecium (vref) isolates and 90 vancomycin-susceptible (vsef) strains. vancomycin resistance genes were detected by sequencing. e. faecium were identified by maldi-tof ms. a genetic algorithm model with clinprotools software ...201425905870
prevalence of antibiotic resistance in us hospitals.the percentage of isolates resistant to essential antibiotics among clinically significant bacterial pathogens was evaluated using data from 80089 qualifying admissions in 19 us hospitals (2007-2010). percentage resistant was highest for the following pathogen/antibiotic pairs: enterococcus faecium/vancomycin (87.1% [95% ci 86.0-88.1] of 4024 isolates), staphylococcus aureus/oxacillin-methicillin (56.8% [56.1-57.4] of 23477 isolates), s. aureus/clindamycin (39.7% [39.1-40.4] of 21133 isolates), ...201424360267
daptomycin use in neutropenic patients with documented gram-positive infections.the goal of this study was to describe the outcomes associated with daptomycin treatment of documented gram-positive infections in patients with neutropenia.201423975231
outbreak in a haematology unit involving an unusual strain of glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium carrying both vana and vanb genes.to report an outbreak due to an unusual strain of enterococcus faecium containing both the vana and vanb genes, in france, where the rate of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) is below 1%.201424092659
chemical shift perturbations induced by the acylation of enterococcus faecium l,d-transpeptidase catalytic cysteine with ertapenem.penicillin-binding proteins were long considered as the only peptidoglycan cross-linking enzymes and one of the main targets of β-lactam antibiotics. a new class of transpeptidases, the l,d-transpeptidases, has emerged in the last decade. in most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, these enzymes generally have nonessential roles in peptidoglycan synthesis. in some clostridiae and mycobacteria, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, they are nevertheless responsible for the major peptidoglycan ...201423907322
activity of four antimicrobial cocktails for tissue allograft decontamination against bacteria and candida spp. of known susceptibility at different temperatures.several antimicrobial cocktail solutions of differing composition and concentrations are widely used to decontaminate viable banked tissue allografts at different temperatures and times of exposure. we compared the efficiency of four cocktails comprising nine antimicrobials to kill suspensions of a panel of 27 strains of 13 bacterial species, and 3 candida spp. at 4, 22 and 37 °c for 24 h. all but one bacterial strains were susceptible to one or more of the agents tested individually at concentr ...201423765096
chemical composition and nutrient degradability in elephant grass silage inoculated with streptococcus bovis isolated from the rumen.the objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bromatological composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass silages inoculated with streptococcus bovis isolated from cattle rumen. a complete randomized design was used with four treatments and six replications: elephant grass silage, elephant grass silage inoculated with 10(6) cfu/g streptococcus bovis jb1 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 cfu/g streptococcus bovis hc5 strains; elephant grass silage i ...201424519006
emergence of vana vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in a hospital in porto alegre, south brazil.in porto alegre (south brazil), since the first vre isolation in 2000 until the middle of the last decade, the epidemiology of enterococcal infections presented the peculiarity that, as opposed to other regions of the country, almost all vre were e. faecalis. the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of a vre outbreak that occurred between august 2010 and september 2011 in porto alegre, south brazil.201424518625
draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecium pc4.1, a clade b strain isolated from human feces.enterococcus faecium is commonly isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract; however, important intraspecies variations exist with relevance for host health and well-being. here, we describe the draft genome sequence of e. faecium pc4.1, a clade b strain isolated from human feces.201424503986
emergence and long-lasting persistence of linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecium-st117 in an oncohematologic patient after a nine-day course of linezolid.we report the emergence and long-lasting persistence of linezolid resistance in an ampicillin-resistant enterococcus faecium strain in the intestine of a neutropenic oncohematologic patient receiving chemotherapy. the patient was first colonized by an epidemic ampicillin-resistant e. faecium (are)-st117 clustering into lineage 78. this clone exhibited resistance to levofloxacin, erythromycin and high-level resistance to streptomycin and gentamicin. after receiving treatment with several broad sp ...201423987992
level of decontamination after washing textiles at 60°c or 70°c followed by tumble drying.several major outbreaks in healthcare facilities have occurred with the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. a possible route for dissemination is the hospital textiles and inadequate laundering of them. the aim of this study was to develop an easy-to-use method for simulating the laundering process of hospital textiles, and thereafter apply the method when evaluating the decontaminating efficacy of two different washing temperatures.201425413829
vancomycin revisited - 60 years later.vancomycin is one of the older antibiotics that has been now in clinical use close to 60 years. earlier on, vancomycin was associated with many side effects including vestibular and renal, most likely due to impurities contained in early vancomycin lots. over the years, the impurities have been removed and the compound has now far less vestibular adverse effects, but still possesses renal toxicity if administered at higher doses rendering trough serum levels of >15 mcg/ml or if administered for ...201425401098
three-year study of health care-associated infections in a turkish pediatric ward.health care-associated infections (hcais) can cause an increase in morbidity, mortality and costs, especially in developing countries. as information on the epidemiology of hcais in pediatric patientsinturkey is limited, we decided to study the annual incidence and antibiotic resistance patterns in our pediatric ward at marmara university hospital.201425390054
evaluation of the prevalence of insertion element is16 in vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains of enterococcus faecium isolated from transplantology patients from a warsaw hospital between 2010 and 2012.the study included 79 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) strains isolated from 33 patients after kidney (n = 19) or liver (n = 14) transplantation; these patients were hospitalized between 2010 and 2012. the strains were obtained from infected persons as well as from carriers. all examined strains were tested for the susceptibility to antimicrobials active against enterococci and for the presence of vana and vanb genes as well as the presence of the insertion sequence is16 considere ...201425380871
national surveillance on vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in taiwan: emergence and widespread of st414 and a tn1546-like element with simultaneous insertion of is1251-like and is1678.cases of bacteremia caused by vancomycin-resistant e. faecium (vre-fm) increased significantly in taiwan. the present multicenter surveillance study was performed to reveal the associated epidemiological characteristics. in 2012, 134 non-repetitive vre-fm isolates were prospectively collected from 12 hospitals in taiwan. antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and analysis of van genes and tn1546 structures were investigated. two ...201425549328
virulence markers of vancomycin resistant enterococci isolated from infected and colonized patients.the aim of study was to find out the potential pathogenic role of virulence factors elaborated by strains of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) isolated from clinical samples and vre colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients.201425538454
proteome changes underpin improved meat quality and yield of chickens (gallus gallus) fed the probiotic enterococcus faecium.supplementation of broiler chicken diets with probiotics may improve carcass characteristics and meat quality. however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. in the present study, 2d-dige-based proteomics was employed to investigate the proteome changes associated with improved carcass traits and meat quality of arbor acres broilers (gallus gallus) fed the probiotic enterococcus faecium.201425532559
the importance of growth kinetic analysis in determining bacterial susceptibility against antibiotics and silver nanoparticles.routine antibiotics susceptibility testing still relies on standardized cultivation-based analyses, including measurement of inhibition zones in conventional agar diffusion tests and endpoint turbidity-based measurements. here, we demonstrate that common off-line monitoring and endpoint determination after 18-24 h could be insufficient for reliable growth-dependent evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility. different minimal inhibitory concentrations were obtained in 20- and 48 h microdilution pla ...201425426104
effects of synbiotics injected in ovo on regulation of immune-related gene expression in adult chickens.to determine immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics administered in ovo on immune-related gene expression in adult chickens.201425350090
australian enterococcal sepsis outcome programme annual report, 2013.from 1 january to 31 december 2013, 26 institutions around australia participated in the australian enterococcal sepsis outcome programme (aesop). the aim of aesop 2013 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in australia that are antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the enterococcus faecium isolates. of the 826 unique episodes of bacteraemia investigated, 94.6% were caused by either e. faecalis (56.1%) or e. faecium (38.5%). amp ...201425631594
investigation of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium outbreak in neonatal intensive care unit.enterococci are one of the major agents of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. in this study we aimed to analyze the clonal relation of the vancomycin-resistant enterococci outbreak seen at the neonate intensive care unit (nicu) of uludag university hospital. vancomycin resistance gene was investigated in the enterococcus faecium strains and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used to investigate the genetic relation between outbreak strains. enterococci grown in all patient sa ...201425664041
antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide from probiotic strain enterococcus faecium (bdu7) from ngari."ngari" is a traditional fermented fish of manipur and considered for its therapeutic value in healing stomach ulcers. in the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify an efficient antioxidant probiotic isolate from ngari. bdu7 with potent antioxidant property was isolated and characterized. the isolate was identified by 16s rrna genotyping as enterococcus faecium. e. faecium showed auto aggregation and hydrophobicity of 72.7 and 54.8% respectively. the extrapolysaccharide (eps) ...201425062992
transformation of human cathelicidin ll-37 into selective, stable, and potent antimicrobial compounds.this letter reports a family of novel antimicrobial compounds obtained by combining peptide library screening with structure-based design. library screening led to the identification of a human ll-37 peptide resistant to chymotrypsin. this d-amino-acid-containing peptide template was active against escherichia coli but not methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). it possesses a unique nonclassic amphipathic structure with hydrophobic defects. by repairing the hydrophobic defects, the ...201425061850
novel type of vanb2 teicoplanin-resistant hospital-associated enterococcus faecium.seven high-risk clones of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) belonging to clonal complex 17 were identified using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) among clinical isolates from saudi arabia. among these isolates, a new hospital-associated sequence type (st795), vanb(2)-type teicoplanin-resistant strain was detected. its unusual phenotype resulted from a new combination of mutations in the ddl, vans and vanw genes, which confirmed the trend of evolution in vanb-type resistance. furt ...201425059441
[identification of staphylococci directly from positive blood culture bottles by maldi-tof ms system].bloodstream infections are substantial causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. staphylococcus species are the most commonly isolated microorganisms from blood cultures in clinical microbiology laboratories. maldi-tof ms (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time- of- flight mass spectrometry) system allows the identification of microorganisms directly from positive blood culture bottles. the aim of this study was to evaluate the maldi-tof ms system for the identification of staphyloc ...201425052104
biotechnical paving of recombinant enterocin a as the candidate of anti-listeria agent.enterocin a is a classic iia bacteriocin isolated firstly from enterococcus faecium ctc492 with selective antimicrobial activity against listeria strains. however, the application of enterocin a as an anti-listeria agent has been limited due to its very low native yield. the present work describes high production of enterocin a through codon optimization strategy and its character study.201425163588
a multicentre hospital outbreak in sweden caused by introduction of a vanb2 transposon into a stably maintained prum-plasmid in an enterococcus faecium st192 clone.the clonal dissemination of vanb-type vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrefm) strains in three swedish hospitals between 2007 and 2011 prompted further analysis to reveal the possible origin and molecular characteristics of the outbreak strain. a representative subset of vrefm isolates (n = 18) and vancomycin-susceptible e. faecium (vsefm, n = 2) reflecting the spread in time and location was approached by an array of methods including: selective whole genome sequencing (wgs; n = 3), m ...201425153894
enterococcal endocarditis complicated with ruptured infected-intracranial aneurysm: with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic documentation in proof of the successful antimicrobial treatment.a 74-year-old man presented with sudden onset of aphasia and apraxia. magnetic resonance image (mri) of the brain disclosed a left frontal hemorrhage. the concomitant low grade fever suggestive of infection was unresponsive to cefazolin 1 g q12h, and refractory to piperacillin (pipc) 2 g q8h. blood culture grew enterococci, establishing together with echocardiography the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. the angiography revealed cerebral hemorrhage to have resulted from the rupture of the inf ...201425153621
gene cluster responsible for secretion of and immunity to multiple bacteriocins, the nkr-5-3 enterocins.enterococcus faecium nkr-5-3, isolated from thai fermented fish, is characterized by the unique ability to produce five bacteriocins, namely, enterocins nkr-5-3a, -b, -c, -d, and -z (ent53a, ent53b, ent53c, ent53d, and ent53z). genetic analysis with a genome library revealed that the bacteriocin structural genes (enka [ent53a], enkc [ent53c], enkd [ent53d], and enkz [ent53z]) that encode these peptides (except for ent53b) are located in close proximity to each other. this nkr-5-3acdz (ent53acdz) ...201425149515
determination of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium diversity in tehran sewage using plasmid profile, biochemical fingerprinting and antibiotic resistance.sewage treatment plants are considered to be the hotspots for antibiotic resistance transfer among bacterial species. many fecal bacteria including enterococci circulate and are exposed to antibiotic residues in this environment. being as one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections, special concerns have risen worldwide about the rate and characteristics of enterococci (especially, isolates with high resistance against glycopeptides) which are available in raw sewages.201425147674
structure and transfer of the vana cluster in vana-positive, vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium, and its revertant mutant.of 18 vana-positive vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium isolates, vanrs in the vana cluster was detected in all isolates, while vanhax was detected in only 2 isolates. following exposure to glycopeptides, 22.2% of vancomycin-susceptible e. faecium (vse) converted into vancomycin-resistant e. faecium. the vana cluster of the revertant mutant was transferred to the vse isolates.201425139845
cluster of linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecium st117 in norwegian hospitals.a linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium strain was isolated from 3 patients who had not received linezolid. the first patient was hospitalized in the same hospitals and wards as the 2 following patients. the e. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid (minimum inhibitory concentration 8-32 mg/l), ampicillin, and high levels of gentamicin. resistance to linezolid was associated with a g2576t mutation in 23s rdna. the cfr linezolid resistance gene was not detected. t ...201425134650
isolation of enterococcus faecium nm113, enterococcus faecium nm213 and lactobacillus casei nm512 as novel probiotics with immunomodulatory properties.probiotics, defined as living bacteria that are beneficial for human health, mainly function through their immunomodulatory abilities. hence, these microorganisms have proven successful for treating diseases resulting from immune deregulation. the aim of this study was to find novel candidates to improve on and complement current probiotic treatment strategies. of 60 lactic acid bacterial strains that were isolated from fecal samples of healthy, full-term, breast-fed infants, three were chosen b ...201425130071
the first report of the vanc1 gene in enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen.the vanc1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for enterococcus gallinarum. enterococcus faecium tj4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanc1gene. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were performed to detect vanxyc and vantc genes. only the vanxyc gene was found in the e. faecium tj4031 isolate. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml, respectively. real-tim ...201425119395
failure of high-dose daptomycin for bacteremia caused by daptomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium harboring liasr substitutions.high-dose daptomycin (dap) therapy failed in a neutropenic patient with bloodstream infection caused by a dap-susceptible enterococcus faecium (minimum inhibitory concentration, 3 µg/ml) harboring genetic changes associated with dap resistance, with persistent bacteremia and selection of additional resistances. daptomycin monotherapy should be used cautiously against dap-susceptible e. faecium strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations >2 µg/ml.201425107294
differentiation of vana-positive enterococcus faecium from vana-negative e. faecium by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.vancomycin-resistant enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens that require rapid and accurate detection for infection control. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/ms) has begun to be used in many clinical laboratories because it is a rapid, simple and inexpensive method for identifying micro-organisms. in this study, the performance of maldi-tof/ms to differentiate vana-positive enterococcus faecium (vpef) from vana-negative e. faecium (v ...201425104134
prevalence of the fosfomycin-resistance determinant, fosb3, in enterococcus faecium clinical isolates from china.in order to investigate the prevalence of fosfomycin-resistance (fos) determinants in enterococcus faecium, clinical strains were collected from hospitals throughout china between january 2008 and december 2009. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, after which the fos genes in all isolates and van genes in vancomycin-resistant isolates were characterized by pcr and sequencing. conjugation experiments were carried out with fosb-positive e. faecium, dna fragments flanking the fosb3 ...201425102907
characterization and complete genome sequence analysis of novel bacteriophage ime-efm1 infecting enterococcus faecium.we isolated and characterized a novel virulent bacteriophage, ime-efm1, specifically infecting multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium. ime-efm1 is morphologically similar to members of the family siphoviridae. it was found capable of lysing a wide range of our e. faecium collections, including two strains resistant to vancomycin. one-step growth tests revealed the host lysis activity of phage ime-efm1, with a latent time of 30 min and a large burst size of 116 p.f.u. per cell. these biological ...201425078302
emergence of vanb phenotype-vana genotype enterococcus faecium clinical isolate in bulgaria. 201425203657
survival of salmonella tennessee, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and enterococcus faecium in peanut paste formulations at two different levels of water activity and fat.long-term survival of heat-stressed salmonella tennessee, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and enterococcus faecium was evaluated in four model peanut paste formulations with a combination of two water activity (aw) levels (0.3 and 0.6) and two fat levels (47 and 56%) over 12 months at 20 ± 1°c. prior to storage, the inoculated peanut paste formulations were heat treated at 75°c for up to 50 min to obtain an approximately 1.0-log reduction of each organism. the cell population of each organism in e ...201425198585
enterococcus faecium pbp5-s/r, the missing link between pbp5-s and pbp5-r.during a study to investigate the evolution of ampicillin resistance in enterococcus faecium, we observed that a number of e. faecium strains, mainly from the recently described subclade a2, showed pbp5 sequences in between pbp5-s and pbp5-r. these hybrid pbp5-s/r patterns reveal a progression of amino acid changes from the s form to the r form of this protein; however, these changes do not strictly correlate with changes in ampicillin mics.201425182648
liofilchem(®) chromatic vre and vancomycin mic test strip detected glycopeptide resistance in a vanb neonatal enterococcus faecium isolate showing alternate vancomycin susceptibility and resistance with biomérieux vitek2.a 1-month old neonate urine sample yielded vanb enterococcus faecium; nevertheless, the isolate alternatively showed susceptibility and resistance to vancomycin with biomérieux vitek2 (cards ast592, ast632, ast586), while glycopeptide resistance was detected by liofilchem(®) vancomycin mic test strip and disc along with the chromatic vre chromogenic medium. this communication emphasizes that, as vanb gene may be heterogeneously expressed within a given enterococcus population, glycopeptide resis ...201425337280
membrane active phenylalanine conjugated lipophilic norspermidine derivatives with selective antibacterial activity.natural and synthetic membrane active antibacterial agents offer hope as potential solutions to the problem of bacterial resistance as the membrane-active nature imparts low propensity for the development of resistance. in this report norspermidine based antibacterial molecules were developed that displayed excellent antibacterial activity against various wild-type bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative) and drug-resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resi ...201425335118
antibacterial activity of enterococcus faecium derived from koopeh cheese against listeria monocytogenes in probiotic ultra-filtrated cheese.viability of probiotic bacteria in food during maintenance and time of consuming in food has become a challenge in food hygiene and technology and is important for representing their beneficial health effects. the aim of this study was to determine the survival of probiotic enterococcus faecium derived from koopeh cheese added to industrial iranian ultra-filtrated (uf) cheese and screening for antimicrobial activity of enterococcus faecium against listeria monocytogenes during two months of chee ...201425568714
molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from non-tertiary-care and tertiary-care hospitals in korea.this study compared the molecular characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) isolates recovered from 20 non-tertiary-care hospitals (36 isolates) and three tertiary-care hospitals (26 isolates) in diverse geographical areas of korea from october 2010 to april 2011. all isolates carried the vana gene only, but 42% and 73% of non-tertiary and tertiary-care isolates expressed the vanb phenotype (teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentration ⩽16 μg/ml). all isolates harboured ...201425267406
urinary tract infections during the first year after renal transplantation: one center's experience and a review of the literature.the aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical manifestations, microbiology, risk factors, and the influence of utis on renal graft function.201425251447
decolonization of gastrointestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium: case series and review of literature.prolonged asymptomatic carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in the gastrointestinal tract and the lack of effective decolonization regimen perpetuate the endemicity of vre in the healthcare settings.201425248287
aetiology and antibiotic resistance issues regarding urological procedures.there are specific indications in urological procedures [transurethral resection of the prostate (turp), transurethral resection of the bladder (turb), endoscopic procedures, and all interventions classified as contaminated or dirty] requiring antibiotic prophylaxis. most postoperative infections are caused by enterococci of the gram-positive strains and enterobacteriaceae of the gram-negative ones. as reported by the european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc), there are increasin ...201425245707
potential for reduction of streptogramin a resistance revealed by structural analysis of acetyltransferase vata.combinations of group a and b streptogramins (i.e., dalfopristin and quinupristin) are "last-resort" antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. resistance to streptogramins has arisen via multiple mechanisms, including the deactivation of the group a component by the large family of virginiamycin o-acetyltransferase (vat) enzymes. despite the structural elucida ...201425223995
use of a direct-fed microbial product as a supplement during the transition period in dairy cattle.two studies were conducted. the objective of the first study was to assess the effects of a direct-fed microbial (dfm) product on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk components, disease incidence, and blood metabolites in dairy cattle. the objective of the second study was to assess the effects of dfm on apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility (attd). one hundred twenty primiparous and multiparous holstein cows housed in a tiestall facility at the university of guelph were used in study 1, a ...201425218748
neonatal septicaemia caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium-a case report.neonatal bacterial sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. 10% cases of neonatal bacteraemia and septicaemia are caused by enterococci. the increasing incidence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) is of particular concern because of limited treatment options and increased mortality. we report here a case of neonatal sepsis in a premature baby caused by vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium van a phenotype from a tertiary care hospital in south india. a ...201425584223
in situ production of pediocin pa-1 like bacteriocin by different genera of lactic acid bacteria in soymilk fermentation and evaluation of sensory properties of the fermented soy curd.the lactic acid bacteria (lab) are found to produce bacteriocins with enhanced nutritive properties in the fermented foods. in the present study, the ability of lab cultures (pediococcus acidilactici ncim 5424, enterococcus faecium ncim 5423 and lactobacillus plantarum acr2) to produce pediocin pa-1 like bacteriocin was evaluated during soymilk fermentation. the isolates e. faecium ncim 5423 and lb. plantarum acr2 were able to produce bacteriocin as well as ferment soymilk within 6 h of incubati ...201426396327
optimization of conditions for probiotic curd formulation by enterococcus faecium mtcc 5695 with probiotic properties using response surface methodology.enterococcus faecium mtcc 5695 possessing potential probiotic properties as well as enterocin producing ability was used as starter culture. effect of time (12-24 h) and inoculum level (3-7 % v/v) on cell growth, bacteriocin production, antioxidant property, titrable acidity and ph of curd was studied by response surface methodology (rsm). the optimized conditions were 26.48 h and 2.17%v/v inoculum and the second order model validated. co cultivation studies revealed that the formulated product ...201426396297
[gram positive multi-drug resistance: what probability and fear?].antibiotic resistance in gram-positive bacteria already has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. the situation is particularly alarming in the case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium, which have shown an ability to spread to new ecological niches and to generate new clones with both increased drug resistance and increased virulence. the potential for genetic exchanges between these two species raises the specter of highly re ...201426427288
selection of potential probiotic enterococcus faecium isolated from portuguese fermented food.four enterococcus faecium strains isolated from fermented products were evaluated for potential use as probiotic strains. in addition to efaafm gene, commonly found in e. faecium food isolates, none of the isolates possessed virulence genes and none had positive reactions for the production of tyramine, histamine, putrescine and cadaverine in the screening medium used. all of these four isolates proved to be resistant to 65 °c. e. faecium 119 did not show antimicrobial activity against any of th ...201425268323
prevalence of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes aph(3')-iiia and aph(3')-iia in escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and staphylococcus aureus isolates in austria.the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase aph(3')-iia primarily inactivates kanamycin and neomycin, whilst aph(3')-iiia also inactivates amikacin. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of both resistance genes in major human pathogens to obtain their baseline prevalence in the gene pool of these bacterial populations in austria. in total, 10 541 escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and staphylococcus ...201424194558
vancomycin-resistant enterococci among haemodialysis patients in portugal: prevalence and molecular characterization of resistance, virulence and clonality.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among haemodialysis patients has increased rapidly and, to date, there is no report of this incidence in portugal.201424169320
in vitro activity of rifaximin against isolates from patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin derivative, has published clinical efficacy in the alleviation of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (sibo) is associated with the pathogenesis of ibs. this study describes for the first time the antimicrobial effect of rifaximin against sibo micro-organisms from humans. fluid was aspirated from the third part of the duodenum from 567 consecutive patients; quantitative cultures diagnosed sibo in 11 ...201424461710
presence and genetic environment of pleuromutilin-lincosamide-streptogramin a resistance gene lsa(e) in enterococci of human and swine origin. 201424379302
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