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safety and technological characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from traditional korean fermented soybean foods for starter development.to select starters for the production of meju and doenjang, traditional korean fermented soybean foods, we assessed the safety and technological properties of their predominant isolates, staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus succinus and staphylococcus xylosus. phenotypic antibiotic resistance, hemolysis and biofilm formation were strain-specific. none of the s. succinus isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance or hemolytic activities. thirty-three selected strains, identified through saf ...201627427871
isolation and characterization of three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from thalictrum minus l. and their antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis.the roots of thalictrum minus are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases such as bovine mastitis. however, there are no reports available in literature till date regarding the antibacterial studies of t. minus against bovine mastitis.201627426505
isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis in postcataract surgery: a 12-year review of culture-proven cases.the purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in a tertiary medical center in taiwan and the antibiotic susceptibilities. this was a retrospective case series study. patients with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery from january 2004 to july 2015 were reviewed. the outcome measures included the identification of isolates, antibiotic susceptibilities, and final visual outcomes. twenty-one organisms were isolated from 19 ca ...201627422143
risk factors for aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in preoperative cataract patients.purposeto investigate the relationship between the background of preoperative cataract patients and bacterial conjunctival flora.methodsa total of 990 cataract patients who had completed preoperative examinations in 2007 and 2008 were included. patients using topical antibiotics at the preoperative examination or having a history of intraocular surgery were excluded. conjunctival cultures had been preoperatively obtained. patient characteristics were investigated via medical records. risk factor ...201627419840
isolation and identification of enterococcus faecalis membrane proteins using membrane shaving, 1d sds/page, and mass spectrometry.enterococcus faecalis is a significant nosocomial pathogen, which is able to survive in diverse environments and resist killing with antimicrobial therapies. the expression of cell membrane proteins play an important role in how bacteria respond to environmental stress. as such, the capacity to identify and study membrane protein expression is critical to our understanding of how specific proteins influence bacterial survival. here, we describe a combined approach to identify membrane proteins o ...201627419061
draft genome sequence of the bacteriocinogenic strain enterococcus faecalis dbh18, isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos).here, we report the draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis dbh18, a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the assembly contains 2,836,724 bp, with a g+c content of 37.6%. the genome is predicted to contain 2,654 coding dna sequences (cdss) and 50 rnas.201627417838
in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of different intracanal medications in necrotic immature teeth.this was to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of pastes used as intracanal medicaments against enterococcus faecalis in necrotic immature teeth.201627412439
evaluation of coronal microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate plug-in teeth with short roots prepared for post placement using bacterial penetration technique.two of the problems of the placement of posts in teeth with short roots are to determine the minimum length of the canal obturation material at the apical third of the root canal and removal of all the canal obturation material from the root canal during post space preparation.201627411659
transcriptome profiling of tdc cluster deletion mutant of enterococcus faecalis v583.the species enterococcus faecalis is able to catabolise the amino acid tyrosine into the biogenic amine tyramine by the tyrosine decarboxilase (tdc) pathway ladero et al. (2012) [1]. the tdc cluster comprises four genes: tyrs, an aminoacyl-trna synthetase-like gene; tdca, which encodes the tyrosine decarboxylase; tyrp, a tyrosine/tyramine exchanger gene and nhac-2, which encodes an na(+)/h(+) antiporter and whose role in the tyramine biosynthesis remains unknown [2]. in e. faecalis v583 the last ...201627408815
study of the impact of cranberry extract on the virulence factors and biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from urinary tract infections.drinking of cranberry fruit juice and application of commercial preparations containing the cranberry extracts are recommended in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (utis), especially in women with recurrent utis. many studies focus on the activity of cranberries against uropathogenic escherichia coli (e. coli) strains. however, the knowledge of the cranberry effect on gram-positive enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is limited. therefore, the aim of our study was to estab ...201627456160
development of pla films containing oregano essential oil (origanum vulgare l. virens) intended for use in food packaging.consumers' concerns about the environment and health have led to the development of new food packaging materials avoiding petroleum-based matrices and synthetic additives. the present study has developed polylactic acid (pla) films containing different concentrations of essential oil from origanum vulgare l. virens (oeo). the effectiveness of this new active packaging was checked for use in ready-to-eat salads. a plasticising effect was observed when oeo was incorporated in pla films. the rest o ...201627455176
triterpenoids from the leaves of alphitonia xerocarpus baill and their biological activity.ten previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins and a previously undescribed norlupane triterpenoid were isolated, with three known saponins, four known flavonoids, two known lupane derivatives, sitosterol and 6'-heptadecanoyl-3-o-β-d-glucopyranosylsitosterol from the leaves of alphitonia xerocarpus (rhamnaceae), an endemic tree of new caledonia. the chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. the isolated compounds were tes ...201627452452
antibacterial effectiveness of 2 root canal irrigants in root-filled teeth with infection: a randomized clinical trial.this study compared the antibacterial effects of 1% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (chx) during retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.201627452293
effect of a genetically engineered bacteriophage on enterococcus faecalis biofilms.enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is associated with failed endodontic cases and nosocomial infections. e. faecalis can form biofilms, penetrate dentinal tubules and survive in root canals with scarce nutritional supplies. these properties can make e. faecalis resistant to conventional endodontic disinfection therapy. furthermore, treatment may be complicated by the fact that many e. faecalis strains are resistant to antibiotics. a potential alternati ...201627448990
evaluation of treatment and disinfection of water using cold atmospheric plasma.in this paper, the disinfection of water is investigated using plasma spark treatment and the results are compared with conventional techniques. inactivation of the enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli bacteria is considered in the treatment process of water by the plasma spark. for this purpose, many physical and chemical parameters of water are measured and the obtained results demonstrate a reduction of 8-log in colony forming units of e. coli and e. faecalis at 15 minutes and 12 minute ...201627441856
superior antibacterial activity of glcn-aunp-go by ultraviolet irradiation.a complete bacterialysis analysis of glucosamine-gold nanoparticle-graphene oxide (glcn-aunp-go) and uv-irradiated glcn-aunp-go was conducted. analytical characterization of glcn-aunps, go and glcn-aunp-go revealed uv-vis absorbance peak at around 230 and 500nm. microscopic characterization of prepared nanomaterials was performed by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission microscopy. the results confirmed that the glcn-aunps were uniformly decorate ...201627612724
longitudinal (2001-14) analysis of enterococci and vre causing invasive infections in european and us hospitals, including a contemporary (2010-13) analysis of oritavancin in vitro potency.the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and in vitro susceptibility of enterococci and vre among bloodstream infections in european and us hospitals over time.201627609052
in vitro activities of tedizolid compared with other antibiotics against gram-positive pathogens associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection and bloodstream infection collected from 26 hospitals in china.to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of tedizolid, linezolid and other comparators against clinically significant gram-positive cocci isolates from hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), skin and soft tissue infection (ssti) and bloodstream infection (bsi), 2140 nonduplicate isolates (23.7 % isolated from hap, 46.8 % from ssti and 29.5 % from bsi) were consecutively collected in 26 hospitals in 17 cities across china during 2014. these pathogens included 632 methicillin-resistant staphy ...201627599998
comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation - an invitro study.elimination of microorganisms from infected root canals is a complicated task. numerous measures have been described to reduce the microbial load in the root canal system, including the use of various instrumentation techniques, irrigation regimens and intracanal medicaments. the drawbacks of few commonly used irrigants include toxic and harmful side effects, microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents and staining. hence there is a need for alternative agents which are nontoxic, effective and ...201627504415
evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of mta with and without additives like silver zeolite and chlorhexidine.microorganisms, predominantly enterococcus faecalis are found responsible in the progression of pulpal, periradicular diseases and in endodontic failures. unsuccessful conventional treatment might necessitate the need for a surgical approach; where in retrograde restorative materials are used to seal the apex. among the root end filling materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) is considered biocompatible and is most commonly used in clinical applications but it has limited antibacterial activ ...201627504400
prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis with left main coronary artery embolism: a case report and review of the literature.coronary embolization is potentially a fatal sequela of endocarditis. although the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome is atherosclerotic disease, it is imperative to consider septic embolism as an etiological factor.201627500132
urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients hospitalized at a transplantation and nephrology ward: 1-year follow-up.the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for urinary tract infections (uti), the causative organisms of uti and also their management and treatment. in addition, we evaluated the effects of uti on renal graft function.201627496451
effects of root canal irrigants on the planktonic form of enterococcus faecalis: a review.bacteria play an essential role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical pathoses. enterococcus faecalis is associated with both primary and persistent endodontic infections. however, the frequency of e. faecalis in persistent periradicular lesions has been shown to be very higher than primary infections.201627487599
[alloplastic materials and their propensity to bacterial colonisation].purpose of the study the alloplastic materials currently used for protective surface layers on implants were tested in vitro under microbiological laboratory conditions by contamination with microbial agents most frequently found in deep infection of total joint replacements. the objective was to find out how the resistance to bacterial colonisation was related to different surface finishes. material and methods each of 14 samples of alloplastic material currently used in the manufacture of orth ...201627484073
enterococcus faecalis urinary-tract infections: do they have a zoonotic origin?major human pathogens are frequently isolated from meat-producing animals, particularly poultry. among them is enterococcus faecalis, which is known to be one of the main cause of human urinary-tract infections worldwide. early in 2015, we detected several, consecutive abnormal increases in the weekly number of human e. faecalis infections in various medical settings in the provence-alpes-côte d'azur region of france, especially including community-acquired urinary-tract infections. speculating ...201627475787
human salivary proteins with affinity to lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis is associated with refractory apical periodontitis and its lipoteichoic acid (ef.lta) is considered as a major virulence factor. although the binding proteins of ef.lta may play an important role for mediating infection and immunity in the oral cavity, little is known about ef.lta-binding proteins (ef.lta-bps) in saliva. in this study, we identified salivary ef.lta-bps with biotinylated ef.lta (ef.lta-biotin) through mass spectrometry. the biotinylation of ef.lta was confir ...201627474971
efficacy of a novel rotary system in reduction of intracanal bacteria: an in vitro study.this in vitro study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single-file rotary system (oneshape) in reduction of intracanal bacteria.201627471535
antibacterial activity of mta fillapex and ah 26 root canal sealers at different time intervals.the main goal of endodontic treatment is elimination of bacteria and their by-products from infected root canals. this study compared the antibacterial effect of two different sealers, ah 26 and mta fillapex, on 4 microorganisms 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days after mixing.201627471530
the antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated disinfection, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite in infected root canals: an in vitro study.this study compared the efficacy of light-activated low-power laser, 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.5% naocl in eliminating enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) from the root canal system.201627471527
antimicrobial efficacy and cytocompatibility of calcium hypochlorite solution as a root canal irrigant: an in vitro investigation.the purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (sh) and calcium hypochlorite (ch) against enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis and also to compare their cytocompatibility on l929 murine fibroblasts using mossman's tetrazolium toxicity (mtt) assay.201627471525
evaluation of antimicrobial effect of azadirachtin plant extract (soluneem (™)) on commonly found root canal pathogenic microorganisms (viz. enterococcus faecalis) in primary teeth: a microbiological study.the aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of soluneem ™ when used as an irrigating solution along with other commonly used irrigating solution sodium hypochlorite (naocl) against enterococcus faecalis.201627461802
[analysis of 117 episodes of enterococcal bacteremia: study of epidemiology, microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility].enterococcal bacteremia has acquired considerable importance in recent years, mainly due to an increased number of cases that occur during hospital admission. we describe the episodes of enterococcal bacteremia in adult patients recorded at our hospital. between january 2000 and december 2013, 117 episodes were analyzed. sixty one percent (61%) of the patients were male and 39% female. the mean age was 68. predisposing factors were present in 91% of patients. the primary source of infection was ...201627567523
antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy against enterococcus faecalis before and after reciprocating instrumentation in permanent molars.the present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against enterococcus faecalis of photodynamic therapy applied before and after reciprocating instrumentation of permanent molars.201627564995
dna-binding proteins regulating pip501 transfer and replication.pip501 is a gram-positive broad-host-range model plasmid intensively used for studying plasmid replication and conjugative transfer. it is a multiple antibiotic resistance plasmid frequently detected in clinical enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium strains. replication of pip501 proceeds unidirectionally by a theta mechanism. the minimal replicon of pip501 is composed of the repr gene encoding the essential rate-limiting replication initiator protein repr and the origin of replication, ...201627563645
enterococcus faecalis readily colonizes the entire gastrointestinal tract and forms biofilms in a germ-free mouse model.the mammalian gastrointestinal (gi) tract is a complex organ system with a twist-a significant portion of its composition is a community of microbial symbionts. the microbiota plays an increasingly appreciated role in many clinically-relevant conditions. it is important to understand the details of biofilm development in the gi tract since bacteria in this state not only use biofilms to improve colonization, biofilm bacteria often exhibit high levels of resistance to common, clinically relevant ...201627562711
biocide and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from the swine meat chain.in this study nine strains of enterococcus faecalis and 12 strains of enterococcus faecium, isolated from different sample types in the swine meat chain and previously characterized for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, were examined for phenotypic tolerance to seven biocides (chlorexidine, benzalkonium chloride, triclosan, sodium hypochlorite, 2-propanol, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and resistance to nine antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomyci ...201627554158
study of invasion and colonization of e. faecalis in microtubes by a novel device.enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is a species that has frequently been isolated from root canal of patients suffering from persistent periodontitis. to a great degree, the resistance of e. faecalis to irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments is due to its invasion into the dentinal tubules. in this study, we developed a device to observe the dynamic process of the bacterial invasion into microtubes. according to the diameter of the dentinal tubules and other microstructures in the root ...201627540728
development of the cellular immune system of drosophila requires the membrane attack complex/perforin-like protein torso-like.pore-forming members of the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (macpf) protein superfamily perform well-characterized roles as mammalian immune effectors. for example, complement component 9 and perforin function to directly form pores in the membrane of gram-negative pathogens or virally infected/transformed cells, respectively. in contrast, the only known macpf protein in drosophila melanogaster, torso-like, plays crucial roles during development in embryo patterning and larval growth. here ...201627535927
characterisation of a novel integrative and conjugative element icessd9 carrying erm(b) and tet(o) resistance determinants in streptococcus suis, and the distribution of icessd9-like elements in clinical isolates.this study identified a novel integrative and conjugative element (icessd9) carrying erm(b) and tet(o) resistance determinants in streptococcus suis d9 and determined its prevalence in clinical isolates. comparative genome analysis was performed using mauve and artemis comparison tool visualisation programs. inverse pcr was utilised to detect its circular intermediate. the transfer capacity of icessd9 was evaluated by mating assays using s. suis a7 and enterococcus faecalis jh2-2 as recipients. ...201627531000
intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a community setting in casablanca, morocco.this study aimed to determine the rate of intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and to perform a phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of vre isolates in the community in casablanca, morocco. during 6 months in 2014, 113 faecal samples were examined for the presence of enterococci. antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. phenotypic and genotypic species identification was performed, and the vana, vanb and vanc genes were ...201627530846
morphine promotes colonization of anastomotic tissues with collagenase - producing enterococcus faecalis and causes leak.despite ever more powerful antibiotics, newer surgical techniques, and enhanced recovery programs, anastomotic leaks remain a clear and present danger to patients. previous work from our laboratory suggests that anastomotic leakage may be caused by enterococcus faecalis strains that express a high collagenase phenotype (i.e., collagenolytic). yet the mechanisms by which the practice of surgery shifts or selects for collagenolytic phenotypes to colonize anastomotic tissues remain unknown.201627530446
ceftaroline plus ampicillin against gram-positive organisms: results from e-test synergy assays.in an era of increasing drug resistance and limited numbers of antimicrobials in the drug production pipeline, healthcare-associated infections represent a growing public health threat. when therapeutic options are limited, clinicians often resort to using antimicrobial combinations that produce a synergistic effect on the target pathogen. novel antibiotics are therefore welcome in the daily practice of medicine. for example, ceftaroline is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against a variety ...201627526275
sodium hypochlorite inactivates lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis by deacylation.enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium closely associated with apical periodontitis. although sodium hypochlorite (naocl) has been used as a common endodontic irrigant to eradicate bacteria in the root canal, it has not been elucidated whether naocl attenuates the inflammatory response induced by the e. faecalis virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (eflta).201627520407
x-ray crystal structures of enterococcus faecalis thymidylate synthase with folate binding site inhibitors.infections caused by enterococcus faecalis (ef) represent nowadays a relevant health problem. we selected thymidylate synthase (ts) from this organism as a potential specific target for antibacterial therapy. we have previously demonstrated that species-specific inhibition of the protein can be achieved despite the relatively high structural similarity among bacterial tss and human ts. we had previously obtained the efts crystal structure of the protein in complex with the metabolite 5-formyl-te ...201627517810
multiplex pcr based genotypic characterization of pathogenic vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis recovered from an indian river along a city landscape.enterococci are normal commensals of human gut, but vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are a severe threat to human health. antimicrobial-resistant enterococci have been reported previously from indian surface waters. however, the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence markers in enterococcus faecalis, the most dominant enterococci is yet to be investigated.201627516937
a novel experimental approach to investigate the effect of different agitation methods using sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant on the rate of bacterial biofilm removal from the wall of a simulated root canal model.root canal irrigation is an important adjunct to control microbial infection. this study aimed primarily to develop a transparent root canal model to study in situ enterococcus faecalis biofilm removal rate and remaining attached biofilm using passive or active irrigation solution for 90s. the change in available chlorine and ph of the outflow irrigant were assessed.201627515530
determination of virulence and multidrug resistance genes with polymerase chain reaction method in vancomycin-sensitive and -resistant enterococci isolated from clinical samples.enterococci play an important role in nosocomial infections. therefore, this study investigates multidrug resistance (mdr)1 gene areas in the pathogenicity of enterococci and virulence genes in both vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (vse) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) strains.201627513269
safety and long-term effect of the probiotic fk-23 in patients with hepatitis c virus infection.a clinical trial was conducted on 39 adult hcv-positive subjects to determine the safety and long-term effect of the probiotic fk-23 (heat-treated enterococcus faecalis strain fk-23). asymptomatic anti-hcv positive adults who fulfilled the selection criteria and gave voluntary consent were recruited from attendees of the hepatitis carrier clinic, department of medical research (lower myanmar). each subject was given 2,700 mg of fk-23 per day by oral route. blood samples were taken at enrollment ...201627508113
high-throughput measurement of single-cell growth rates using serial microfluidic mass sensor arrays.methods to rapidly assess cell growth would be useful for many applications, including drug susceptibility testing, but current technologies have limited sensitivity or throughput. here we present an approach to precisely and rapidly measure growth rates of many individual cells simultaneously. we flow cells in suspension through a microfluidic channel with 10-12 resonant mass sensors distributed along its length, weighing each cell repeatedly over the 4-20 min it spends in the channel. because ...201627598230
[antibacterial and residual antimicrobial activities of five final irrigants in infected root canal: an in vitro comparative study].to evaluate antibacterial and residual antimicrobial activities of five root canal irrigants including qmix, mtad(mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent), 0.2% cetrimide(ctr), 2% chlorhexidine(chx) and 17% ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid(edta) and to find the most optimal final irrigants for using in root canal therapy.201627596342
effect of fiber insertion depth on antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic therapy against enterococcus faecalis in rootcanals.this in vitro study evaluated the effect of fiber insertion depth on antimicrobial efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) using a photosensitizer (ps; toluidine blue) and a red light-emitting diode (led) in root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis.201627591860
antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of baccharis psiadioides essential oil against antibiotic-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains.baccharis psiadioides (less.) joch. müller (asteraceae) is considered as a producer of bioactive essential oils and is used in south brazilian folk medicine for its proprieties as stimulant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and as an antidote for snake bites.201627590861
microbicidal effects of plain soap vs triclocarban-based antibacterial soap.the aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal effects of plain and antibacterial soap. the bactericidal effects of plain and antibacterial soap containing 0.3% triclocarban were examined against 10 gram-positive and 10 gram-negative bacterial strains after exposure at 22°c and 40°c for 20 s. gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to both soaps than gram-positive bacteria. however, with one exception (enterococcus faecalis atcc 19433 at 40°c), there was no significant difference b ...201627585555
effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture cement.calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement is used in the field of endodontics. it is similar to mineral trioxide aggregate in its main ingredients. the present study investigated the effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of cem cement.201627580651
molecular basis for lytic bacteriophage resistance in enterococci.the human intestine harbors diverse communities of bacteria and bacteriophages. given the specificity of phages for their bacterial hosts, there is growing interest in using phage therapies to combat the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. a significant barrier to such therapies is the rapid development of phage-resistant bacteria, highlighting the need to understand how bacteria acquire phage resistance in vivo here we identify novel lytic phages in municipal raw sewag ...201627578757
genome-based characterization of hospital-adapted enterococcus faecalis lineages.vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vrefs) is an important nosocomial pathogen(1,2). we undertook whole genome sequencing of e. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the uk and ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. three lineages predominated in the population, two of which (l1 and l2) were nationally distributed, and one (l3) geographically restricted. genome comparison with a global collectio ...201627572164
antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of enterococcus spp. isolated from horses in korea.antimicrobial-resistant (ar) enterococci have emerged as leading nosocomial pathogens. transmission of ar enterococci from animals to humans has been demonstrated. however, there is limited information on the transmission of enterococci from horses to humans. to address this issue, we characterized 260 enterococci isolated from horse-associated samples in korea in 2013 based on their ar profiles and virulence traits. ar profiling revealed an average ratio of ar enterococci of 23.8%. seven isolat ...201627638114
complete genome sequence of a new enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage, vb_efas_ime197.we report here the whole-genome sequence of a new enterococcus faecalis phage, vb_efas_ime197, which has a linear double-stranded dna genome of 41,307 bp with 34% g+c content. we describe the main features of the genome of vb_efas_ime197.201627634987
the endolysin from the enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage vd13 and conditions stimulating its lytic activity.bacteriophage produce endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases) to lyse the host cell from within and release nascent bacteriophage particles. recombinant endolysins can lyse gram-positive bacteria when added exogenously. as a potential alternative antimicrobial, we cloned and expressed the enterococcal vd13 bacteriophage endolysin. vd13 endolysin has a chap catalytic domain with 92% identity with the bacteriophage ime-ef1 endolysin. the predicted size of vd13 endolysin is ∼27 kda as verified by sds ...201627634307
immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity of babassu mesocarp improves the survival in lethal sepsis.attalea speciosa syn orbignya phalerata mart. (babassu) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. aim of the study. to investigate the antimicrobial and immunological activity of babassu mesocarp extract (ee). material and methods. the in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion assay and by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) to escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and me ...201627630733
functional gold nanoparticle-based antibacterial agents for nosocomial and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.medical treatments for bacterial-infections have become challenging because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. thus, new therapeutics and antibiotics must be developed.201627622499
therapeutic potential of gramicidin s in the treatment of root canal infections.an intrinsic clindamycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis, the most common single species present in teeth after failed root canal therapy, often possesses acquired tetracycline resistance. in these cases, root canal infections are commonly treated with ledermix(®) paste, which contains demeclocycline, or the new alternative endodontic paste odontopaste, which contains clindamycin; however, these treatments are often ineffective. we studied the killing activity of the cyclic antimicrobial peptide ...201627618065
identification of aminoglycoside resistance genes by triplex pcr in enterococcus spp. isolated from icus.early detection of antibiotic-resistant enterococci is an important part of patient treatment. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the resistance patterns and simultaneously identify and characterise the resistance genes in enterococcus spp. using a triplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. in all, 150 consecutive enterococcus spp were collected from several hospitals in tehran (iran) from january to december 2015. the enterococcus species were identified by standard ph ...201627668903
investigation of c-5 alkynyl (alkynyloxy or hydroxymethyl) and/or n-3 propynyl substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs as a new class of antimicrobial agents.the resurgence of mycobacterial infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently require a new class of agents that are distinct than current therapies. a group of 5-ethynyl (6-10), 5-(2-propynyloxy) (16, 18, 20, 22, 24), 5-(2-propynyloxy)-3-n-(2-propynyl) (17, 19, 21, 23, 25) and 5-hydroxymethyl-3-n-(2-propynyl) (30-33) derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated against mycobacteria [mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobac ...201627665179
antibiotic resistance patterns and genetic relatedness of enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium isolated from military working dogs in korea.enterococcus spp. are normally present in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans, but can cause opportunistic infections that can be transmitted to other animals or humans with integrated antibiotic resistance. to investigate whether this is a potential risk in military working dogs (mwds), we analyzed antibiotic resistance patterns and genetic relatedness of enterococcus spp. isolated from fecal samples of mwds of four different age groups. the isolation rates of enterococcus spp., a ...201627659717
assessment of correlation between clinical parameters and pulp canal pathogens in endodontic pathologies: a microbiological study.success and failure of root canal therapy is largely dependent on the clinician and the patient. once the tooth is restored into its functional and esthetic place, the root canal therapy is considered to be complete. it is a well-known fact that root canal space acts as a rich reservoir for microorganisms. past studies show that root canal harbors an array of different microorganisms. streptococcus mitis and enterococcus faecalis have been found to be the most prevalent microorganisms isolated f ...201627659083
antibacterial activity of leaf extract of annona muricata and simarouba glauca on enterococcus faecalis.to determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of annona muricata and simarouba glauca on enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method.201627659082
an invitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy and flow characteristics for ah plus, mta fillapex, crcs and gutta flow 2 root canal sealer.cleaning and shaping of root canal does not guarantee complete disinfection of the canal, regardless of the systems and techniques used for this purpose. therefore, it becomes mandatory for the endodontic filling materials to have a good antimicrobial potential especially against e. faecalis. this research was aimed therefore to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and flow properties of different root canal sealers.201627656550
effect of bacteremia in elderly patients with urinary tract infection.the clinical effect of bacteremia on outcomes in urinary tract infection (uti) is still debated. this study aims to examine the clinical effect of bacteremia in elderly patients with uti requiring hospital admission.201627650231
prevalence of virulence factors and vancomycin-resistant genes among enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium isolated from clinical specimens.the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of virulence determinants and vancomycin-resistant genes among enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium obtained from various clinical sources.201627648425
nationwide surveillance of novel oxazolidinone resistance gene optra in enterococcus isolates in china from 2004 to 2014.a total of 2,201 nonduplicate enterococcal isolates collected from 29 hospitals in 23 cities in china between 2004 and 2014 were screened for the oxazolidinone resistance gene optra; 45 isolates (2.0%) were optra positive with 11 optra variants identified. the positive rate of optra increased from 0.4% to 3.9% during the 10-year surveillance period. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence type (mlst) analysis revealed that 37 optra-positive enterococcus faecalis isolates ...201627645239
role of interspecies interactions in dual-species biofilms developed in vitro by uropathogens isolated from polymicrobial urinary catheter-associated bacteriuria.most catheter-associated urinary tract infections are polymicrobial. here, uropathogen interactions in dual-species biofilms were studied. the dual-species associations selected based on their prevalence in clinical settings were klebsiella pneumoniae-escherichia coli, e. coli-enterococcus faecalis, k. pneumoniae-e. faecalis, and k. pneumoniae-proteus mirabilis. all species developed single-species biofilms in artificial urine. the ability of k. pneumoniae to form biofilms was not affected by e. ...201627642801
the in vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green on enterococcus faecalis: influence of a washing vs non-washing procedure.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of washing and non-washing of indocyanine green (icg) as photosensitizer (ps) on bacterial count, biofilm formation, development and degradation of enterococcus faecalis.201627640733
phage therapy against enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals.antibiotic resistance is an ever-growing problem faced by all major sectors of health care, including dentistry. recurrent infections related to multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in hospitals are untreatable and question the effectiveness of notable drugs. two major reasons for these recurrent infections are acquired antibiotic resistance genes and biofilm formation ...201627640530
vana-targeted oligonucleotide dna probe designed to monitor vancomycin- and teicoplanin-resistant bacteria in surface waters.the glycopeptide antibiotics teicoplanin and vancomycin are common to treat severe gram-positive bacterial infections. the gene vana confers high-level resistance to these antibiotics, and these phenomena have been shown to be transferable. release of vancomycin- and teicoplanin-resistant bacteria to surface waters is, therefore, of particular concern since they might proliferate and spread in different environments. monitoring of the fate of vana gene in these waters provides information on the ...201627640164
eradication of intracanal enterococcus faecalis biofilm by passive ultrasonic irrigation and rinsendo system.the aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of three irrigation techniques after the use of standardized volume of naocl and with standardized time and irrigation.201627688422
complete genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis strain w11 isolated from an algal food product.here, we report the complete genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis strain w11 isolated from an algal food product in japan. this study should facilitate the identification of a novel mechanism of glycerol metabolic control in lactic acid bacteria.201627688337
draft genome sequences of the probiotic enterococcus faecalis symbioflor 1 clones dsm16430 and dsm16434.the probiotic symbioflor 1 is a historical concoction of 10 isolates of enterococcus faecalis pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed two groups: one comprising eight identical clones (dsm16430, dsm16432, dsm16433, dsm16435 to dsm16439) and a further two isolates (dsm16431, dsm16434) with marginally different profiles. here, we report a comparative analysis of the draft genome sequences of representative isolates.201627688319
a rare case of enterococcus faecalis-induced orbital cellulitis and myositis.orbital cellulitis is an infection of soft tissue behind the orbital septum. common pathogens isolated include staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. it is a straightforward diagnosis and usually responds to empirical treatment without any sequela. we report a case of orbital cellulitis caused by enterococcus faecalis, which was complicated by myositis of levator palpebrae superioris. to the best of our knowledge, only one case report exists dating way b ...201627688288
prevalence of enterococcus faecalis mediated uti and its current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in lahore, pakistan.to determine the prevalence of enterococcus faecalis and recent trends in antimicrobial sensitivity profiling.201627686295
new fluoride mi varnish as root canal sealer: an in vitro analysis of bacterial leakage.the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of root canal obturation after the application of fluoride varnish (mi varnish) containing 5% sodium fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride varnish, and ah plus and ah-plus as root canal sealer by bacterial penetration test.201627681400
bladder catheterization increases susceptibility to infection that can be prevented by prophylactic antibiotic treatment.catheter-associated urinary tract infections (cauti) are the most common hospital-associated infections. here, we report that bladder catheterization initiated a persistent sterile inflammatory reaction within minutes of catheter implantation. catheterization resulted in increased expression of genes associated with defense responses and cellular migration, with ensuing rapid and sustained innate immune cell infiltration into the bladder. catheterization also resulted in hypersensitivity to ente ...201627699248
biodiversity of bacteriophages: morphological and biological properties of a large group of phages isolated from urban sewage.a large scale analysis presented in this article focuses on biological and physiological variety of bacteriophages. a collection of 83 bacteriophages, isolated from urban sewage and able to propagate in cells of different bacterial hosts, has been obtained (60 infecting escherichia coli, 10 infecting pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 infecting salmonella enterica, 3 infecting staphylococcus sciuri, and 6 infecting enterococcus faecalis). high biological diversity of the collection is indicated by its ch ...201627698408
[effect of lipophosphonoxins on inhibition of bacterial colonization of bone cements].the study aimed at determining the ability of lipophosphonoxin dr5026 to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm on the bone cement surface and assessing potential development of bacterial resistance.201627690474
enterococcal metabolite cues facilitate interspecies niche modulation and polymicrobial infection.enterococcus faecalis is frequently associated with polymicrobial infections of the urinary tract, indwelling catheters, and surgical wound sites. e. faecalis co-exists with escherichia coli and other pathogens in wound infections, but mechanisms that govern polymicrobial colonization and pathogenesis are poorly defined. during infection, bacteria must overcome multiple host defenses, including nutrient iron limitation, to persist and cause disease. in this study, we investigated the contributio ...201627736645
enterococcus faecalis: e. coli's siderophore-inducing sidekick.many infectious diseases involve polymicrobial infections, which are characterized by synergistic interactions between different microorganisms colonizing a host. in this issue of cell host & microbe, keogh et al. (2016) show that enterococcus faecalis promotes escherichia coli biofilm formation in low-iron conditions, thus facilitating polymicrobial growth.201627736638
multilevel selection of bcrabdr-mediated bacitracin resistance in enterococcus faecalis from chicken farms.in this study we isolated 109 enterococcus faecalis from chicken faecal samples in 6 provinces of china to investigate the prevalence and transmission mechanism of the bacitracin resistance locus bcrabdr in e. faecalis. thirty-seven bcrabdr-positive e. faecalis were detected with 26 different pfge clusters. the mlst of 14 positive strains belonged to st16 and we also detected three new sequence types. s1-pfge analysis indicated that the locus was located on plasmids presenting different sizes, w ...201627731342
antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine-cetrimide combination, salvia officinalis plant extract and octenidine in comparison with conventional endodontic irrigants.the aim of the present study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 2% chlorhexidine (chx), a chx/cetrimide solution (chx+ctr), octenidine hydrochloride (oct) and salvia officinalis plant extract against enterococcus faecalis. seventy decoronated single-rooted human teeth were infected and divided into 6 test (n=10) and 2 control groups (n=5) (negative, sterile samples and positive, infected samples). following irrigants were then applied to test groups: 2.5% nao ...201627725511
growth behavior of e. coli, enterococcus and staphylococcus species in the presence and absence of sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations: consequences for interpretation of culture-based data.culture-based approaches are used to monitor, e.g., drinking water or bathing water quality and to investigate species diversity and antibiotic resistance levels in environmental samples. for health risk assessment, it is important to know whether the growing cultures display the actual abundance of, e.g., clinically relevant antibiotic resistance phenotypes such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium/enterococcus faecalis (vre) or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. in addition, ...201627220972
a case of infective endocarditis and pyogenic spondylitis after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.we report a patient with infective endocarditis and pyrogenic spondylitis occurring simultaneously. the patient was a 59-year-old man. he was suspected of having prostate cancer due to a high prostate-specific antigen concentration noted in a checkup. he then underwent a transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with cefotiam as antimicrobial prophylaxis. he had a fever higher than 38 °c and lumbar pain for a few days after the biopsy. enterococcus faecalis was isolated from 2 sets of blood ...201627374863
effects of photodynamic therapy, 2 % chlorhexidine, triantibiotic mixture, propolis and ozone on root canals experimentally infected with enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy (pdt), 2 % chlorhexidine (chx). the teeth were contaminated with 0.1 ml enterococcus faecalis (3 × 10(8) cell/ml) and randomized into eight treatment groups: group 1 (2.5 % naocl); group 2 (pdt); group 3 (2 % chx); group 4 (tam); group 5 (propolis), group 6 (ozone), group 7 (positive control) and group 8 (negative control). following treatment, the canal content was sampled. the samples were cultured in tripli ...201627771807
bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles preferentially targets gram positive depending on cell surface charge.recently bio-inspired experimental processes for synthesis of nanoparticles are receiving significant attention in nanobiotechnology. silver nanoparticles (ag nps) have been used very frequently in recent times to the wounds, burns and bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant microorganisms. though, the antibacterial effects of ag nps on some multi drug-resistant bacteria specially against gram positive bacteria has been established, but further investigation is needed to elicit its effecti ...201627449536
calcium-silicate mesoporous nanoparticles loaded with chlorhexidine for both anti- enterococcus faecalis and mineralization properties.in infected periapical tissues, enterococcus faecalis is one of the most common dominant bacteria. chlorhexidine has been proved to show strong antibacterial ability against e. faecalis but is ineffective in promoting mineralization for tissues around root apex. mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles are newly synthesized biomaterials with excellent ability to promote mineralization and carry-release bioactive molecules in a controlled manner. in this study, mesoporous calcium-silicate nanopa ...201627769275
experience with rapid microarray-based diagnostic technology and antimicrobial stewardship for patients with gram-positive bacteremia.objective to describe the impact of rapid diagnostic microarray technology and antimicrobial stewardship for patients with gram-positive blood cultures. design retrospective pre-intervention/post-intervention study. setting a 1,200-bed academic medical center. patients inpatients with blood cultures positive for staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. anginosus, streptococcus spp., and listeria monocytogenes during the 6 ...201627767002
recent horizontal transfer, functional adaptation and dissemination of a bacterial group ii intron.group ii introns are catalytically active rna and mobile retroelements present in certain eukaryotic organelles, bacteria and archaea. these ribozymes self-splice from the pre-mrna of interrupted genes and reinsert within target dna sequences by retrohoming and retrotransposition. evolutionary hypotheses place these retromobile elements at the origin of over half the human genome. nevertheless, the evolution and dissemination of group ii introns was found to be quite difficult to infer.201627765015
poultry blood from slaughterhouses: development of a biopreservation system to improve microbiological quality prior to transforming blood into by-products.the aim of this study was to investigate the use of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) with specific additives as a biopreservation system (bs) for poultry blood during its storage in slaughterhouses. the bs consisted of two lab (enterococcus faecalis dspv 008sa or lactobacillus salivarius dspv 032sa) with 4 additives (lactose 2 g/l, yeast extract 0.4 g/l, ammonium citrate 0.4 g/l and nacl 1 g/l). after 24 h storage at 30ºc, lower counts of enterobacteria, coliforms, pseudomonas spp. and stap ...201627352105
population density modulates drug inhibition and gives rise to potential bistability of treatment outcomes for bacterial infections.the inoculum effect (ie) is an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of an antibiotic as a function of the initial size of a microbial population. the ie has been observed in a wide range of bacteria, implying that antibiotic efficacy may depend on population density. such density dependence could have dramatic effects on bacterial population dynamics and potential treatment strategies, but explicit measures of per capita growth as a function of density are generally not availab ...201627764095
assessment of in vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effect of nigella sativa oil.methicillin resistance is a serious health concern since it has spread among staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) that are frequent community and nosocomial pathogens worldwide. methicillin-resistant strains are often resistant to other classes of antibiotics, making their treatment difficult. nigella sativa oil is known to be active against gram-positive cocci, yet its in vitro cytotoxicity is rarely investigated, is a proper and powerful candidate for treatment of ...201627761077
photodynamic uva-riboflavin bacterial elimination in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.to evaluate the bactericidal effect of clinical ultraviolet a (uva) settings used in photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis (pack)-collagen cross-linking (cxl) in antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacterial strains.201626867998
evaluation of selected properties of a new root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers.this study evaluated selected properties of a prototype root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers (s-prg) in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and intermediate restorative material (irm).201626787616
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