Publications

animal rights/liberation philosophy.		2006	1563603
hepatitis b antigen in a dialysis unit: five years experience.		2005	545706
successful excision of left ventricular aneurysm with concomitant right aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass.		2005	1087628
[carpal tunnel syndrome].		2005	1183292
[hearing rehabilitation without a prosthesis following otosclerosis].		2005	1230951
rights and birth by artificial insemination.		2005	1196234
[letter: adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs].		2005	1183340
ly phenotype of t-cells releasing t-cell replacing factor.		2005	1087370
[diagnosis of kartagener's syndrome].		2005	1081308
a simple centrifuge column for desalting protein solutions.		2005	543535
[pelvic fractures in multiply injured patients (author's transl)].		2005	538868
[ginkgo biloba--analysis and dosage forms].		2005	1287670
[massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage of diverticular origin. diagnostic and therapeutic problems].		2005	1082809
proceedings: slow recovery of the inactivation of sodium conductance in myxicola giant axons.		2005	1151857
[lipid and mineral metabolism and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in miners].	examination is performed on 87 miners from mine for copper production subject to intensive local vibrations with average rate of increase (k) of the norms for the individual octave frequencies 2.4 times for 3 h exposure of the working shift, as well as to intensive noise--113-115 db/a equivalent level, general dust--23 mg/m3, fine dust--3.5 mg/m3 and fine quartz--0.43 mg/m3. there are data for vibration effect--changes in the cold test, vibration sensoriness, ultra sound sonometry, in all miners ...	2005	1364539
phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic discrepancies to differentiate aeromonas salmonicida from aeromonas bestiarum.	the taxonomy of the "aeromonas hydrophila" complex (comprising the species a. hydrophila, a. bestiarum, a. salmonicida, and a. popoffii) has been controversial, particularly the relationship between the two relevant fish pathogens a. salmonicida and a. bestiarum. in fact, none of the biochemical tests evaluated in the present study were able to separate these two species. one hundred and sixteen strains belonging to the four species of this complex were identified by 16s rdna restriction fragmen ...	2005	16562378
identification of the major outer membrane proteins of aeromonas salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous waterborne bacteria responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases among aquatic organisms and humans. bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) play a significant role in virulence as they comprise the outermost surface in contact with host cells and immune defense factors. to identify the major omps of a. salmo ...	2005	16465831
characterisation of atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in arctic charr salvelinus alpinus and european grayling thymallus thymallus.	cultured stocks of arctic charr salvelinus alpinus and european grayling thymallus thymallus are vulnerable to infection by achromogenic atypical aeromonas salmonicida (aas). in finland, natural stocks of both fish species have to be supported by restocking, and aas infection poses a threat to successful restocking because no preventive means are available. in this study, we analysed aas isolates from arctic charr and european grayling and from other sources genetically, and characterised the si ...	2005	16231637
antibacterial and antifungal lysozyme-type activity in cameraria ohridella pupae.	lysozyme-type antibacterial and antifungal activity in pupae of cameraria ohridella was studied. activity against micrococcus luteus and bacillus megaterium was detected in pupae extract. also antifungal activity from c. ohridella pupae extract directed against saccharomyces cerevisiae strain w 303 was shown. during immunoblotting two bands in pupae extract, with molecular mass of about 15 and 28 kda were recognized by antibodies directed against hewl. after acid electrophoresis followed by bioa ...	2005	16169556
quorum sensing signal molecules (acylated homoserine lactones) in gram-negative fish pathogenic bacteria.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the production of quorum sensing signals (specifically acylated homoserine lactones, ahls) among a selection of strains of gram-negative fish bacterial pathogens. these signals are involved in the regulation of virulence factors in some human and plant-pathogenic bacteria. a total of 59 strains, representing 9 different fish pathogenic species, were tested against 2 ahl monitor bacteria (agrobacterium tumefaciens nt1 [pzlr4] and chromobacterium vio ...	2005	16042042
metabolic changes in atlantic salmon exposed to aeromonas salmonicida detected by 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of plasma.	1h-nmr (nuclear magnetic resonance)-based chemometric methods have been applied for the first time to investigate changes in the plasma metabolite profiles of atlantic salmon salmo salar as a result of exposure to aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis. plasma samples were obtained from salmon that survived 21 d post exposure to a. salmonicida, and from a control group maintained under similar conditions. 1d 1h-nmr spectr ...	2005	16060263
characterization of pras1-like plasmids from atypical north american psychrophilic aeromonas salmonicida.	atypical psychrophilic aeromonas salmonicida isolates were obtained from farmed and wild fish in northeastern north america. these bacteria were isolated between 1992 and 2001 and carried tetracycline resistance (tc(r)) plasmids of approximately 58 kb. the nine isolates had plasmids which could be divided into four groups based on the specific tetracycline resistance (tet) gene carried [tet(a) or tet(b)], incompatibility of the plasmid [incu or other], whether the plasmid carried the is6100 sequ ...	2005	15621420
bass hepcidin synthesis, solution structure, antimicrobial activities and synergism, and in vivo hepatic response to bacterial infections.	bass hepcidin was purified from the gill of hybrid striped bass (morone chrysops x morone saxatilis) based on antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli. this 21-amino acid peptide has 8 cysteines engaged in 4 disulfide bonds and is very similar to human hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide with iron regulatory properties. to gain insight into potential role(s) of bass hepcidin in innate immunity in fish, we synthesized the peptide, characterized its antimicrobial activities in vitro, determi ...	2005	15546886
[health risks associated with the migration of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): an epidemiological surveillance programme in northern spain].	the authors present the results of an epidemiological surveillance programme involving atlantic salmon (salmo salar) populations in north-eastern spain. the study investigates the risk factors critical in disease transmission, which include the presence of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, the innate cell-mediated immune response of the salmon, and the potential interactions between the two. also taken into account are the biological and migratory cycles of these salmon populations. the re ...	2005	16642759
protection against experimental aeromonas salmonicida infection in carp by oral immunisation with bacterial antigen entrapped liposomes.	liposome-entrapped atypical aeromonas salmonicida antigen was prepared to investigate the potential protective efficacy for a. salmonicida infection. carp (cyprinus carpio) were immunised orally with liposome-entrapped a. salmonicida antigen. after immunisation, significantly higher antigen-specific antibodies were detected in serum, intestinal mucus and bile than non-immunised control group. furthermore, immunised carp were challenged by immersion with 1 x 10(6) cfu ml(-1) of a. salmonicida for ...	2005	15519542
aroclor 1254 exposure reduces disease resistance and innate immune responses in fasted arctic charr.	to examine the immunological impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in an environmentally relevant way, we orally contaminated arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) with aroclor 1254. after contamination, fish were either fed (0 and 100 mg aroclor 1254 kg(-1) fish wt) or fasted (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg(-1)) to mimic cycles of feeding-fasting experienced by arctic animals. after four months, pcb concentrations in muscle were the same in fasted and fed fish; however, pcbs in kidneys of fed fish w ...	2005	15683174
expressed sequence tags analysis of atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) liver, kidney and spleen tissues following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida.	to investigate the response of atlantic halibut to vaccination and pathogen exposure, a cdna library was constructed from liver, kidney and spleen mrna collected following vaccination against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. after sequencing 1114 clones 1072 (96.23%) readable sequences were obtained of which 106 sequences are the first reported from the fish. of these, 182 clones (16.98%) contained cell/organism defence genes including immunoglobulin light chain, mhc class i and ii, ...	2005	15683917
structural and serological characterization of the o-chain polysaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida strains a449, 80204 and 80204-1.	the o-chain polysaccharide (o-ps) of aeromonas salmonicida was studied by a combination of compositional, methylation, ce-esms and one- and two-dimensional nmr analyses. it was found to be a branched polymer of trisaccharide-repeating units composed of l-rhamnose (rha), d-glucose (glc), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannose (mannac) and o-acetyl group (oac) and having the following structure: ce-esms analysis of a. salmonicida cells from strains a449, 80204 and 80204-1 grown under different conditions c ...	2005	15721342
efficacy of furunculosis vaccines in turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.): evaluation of immersion, oral and injection delivery.	the commercial furunculosis vaccine aquavac furovac 5 and an autogenous vaccine, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection in turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.), as shown in challenge tests 120 days post-immunization by injection (relative percentage of survival, rps = 72-99%). this protective effect lasted for at least 6 months post-immunization at appreciable levels (rps = 50-52%). neither the autogenous vaccine nor the commercial vaccine was able to induce significant levels of ...	2005	15752277
experimental infection of turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.), by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and evaluation of cross protection induced by a furunculosis vaccine.	turbot was shown to be sensitive to injection challenges by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (asa). a systemic disease was induced and the bacterium was isolated from various internal organs. histopathological changes involved haemorrhages, necrosis and degeneration in skin and muscle, haemorrhages and necrosis in kidney, degeneration in the heart muscle, and fusion of the secondary gill lamellae. a polyvalent commercial salmon vaccine, containing a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida as on ...	2005	15752279
adhesion and ingestion activities of fish phagocytes induced by bacterium aeromonas salmonicida can be distinguished and directly measured from highly diluted whole blood of fish.	the phagocytes of fish play an important role in innate host defense against bacterial infection, and participate in various immunoregulatory processes. here, we investigated the effects of various opsonins in the ingestion and adhesion processes by examining respiratory burst (rb) activity in blood and head kidney (hk) fish phagocytes. rb activity was induced in rainbow trout phagocytes with the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida (strain mt004) in the presence of various opsonins [purified antibod ...	2005	15752549
biological effect of vaccination can be assessed directly from diluted whole blood of rainbow trout using homologous blood phagocytes as immunosensors.	a rapid and simple method is presented for determining antibody activity following vaccination, directly from diluted fish blood. the proposed method evaluates the effects of specific antibodies on ingestion by blood phagocytes, and may be used for measuring antibody levels following vaccination. the enhancing effect of trout igm on ingestion was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (cl) emission of blood phagocytes. respiratory burst (rb) activity of blood phagocytes was induced with ...	2005	15752656
characterization of a type iii secretion substrate specificity switch (t3s4) domain in yscp from yersinia enterocolitica.	the length of the needle ending the yersinia ysc injectisome is determined by yscp, a protein acting as a molecular ruler. in addition, yscp is required for yop secretion. in the present paper, by a systematic deletion analysis, we localized accurately the region required for yop secretion between residues 405 and 500. as this c-terminal region of yscp has also been shown to control needle length it probably represents the substrate specificity switch of the machinery. by a bioinformatics analys ...	2005	15773978
identification of genes differentially expressed in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in response to infection by aeromonas salmonicida using cdna microarray technology.	the response of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, to infection by the bacterial pathogen aeromonas salmonicida (the causative agent of furunculosis), was investigated using a cohabitation model and a custom atlantic salmon cdna microarray consisting of over 4000 different amplicons. pooled samples of each of three immune-relevant tissues (spleen, head kidney and liver) were obtained from fish exposed to infected salmon for 13 days. reverse transcription-pcr assays were used to verify the differentia ...	2005	15859237
a c1q-binding 40 kda porin from aeromonas salmonicida: cloning, sequencing, role in serum susceptibility and fish immunoprotection.	a 40 kda c1q-binding outer membrane protein from aeromonas salmonicida was identified by direct-binding assay with biotinylated c1q, a subcomponent of the complement classical pathway component c1. the 40 kda porin structural gene from the a450 a. salmonicida typical strain (a+:o+) was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the amino acid sequence of the 40 kda a. salmonicida porin, its ability to bind c1q in an antibody independent process, and its immunological cross-reaction with the a. hy ...	2005	15885977
evaluation of an experimental aeromonas salmonicida epidemic in chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha (walbaum).	to determine the dynamics of the transmission of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida infection, chinook salmon, oncorhynchus tshawytscha, were exposed to bacteria by cohabitation. the latent period (time between exposure and infectivity) was determined by exposing a group of chinook salmonid fingerlings to a. salmonicida by bath, then, at daily intervals, by holding five exposed (donor) fish with approximately 50 naive fish for 24 h. the latent period was 3 days post-infection and the time pe ...	2005	15892751
sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system.	the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated ...	2005	15892994
elucidation of the molecular structure of lipid a isolated from both a rough mutant and a wild strain of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharides using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.	the chemical structure of lipid a, isolated by mild acid hydrolysis from a rough mutant and a wild strain of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide, was investigated using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (qqtof) hybrid tandem mass spectrometry and showed a great degree of microheterogeneity. the chemical structure of the main constituent of this heterogeneous mixture was identified as a beta-d-(1 --> 6) linked d-glucosamine disaccharide substituted by two phosphate groups, on ...	2005	15912470
attenuated virulence of an aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida type iii secretion mutant in a rainbow trout model.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a severe systemic disease affecting salmonid fish. this bacterium contains a type iii protein secretion system that is responsible for the secretion and translocation of the adp-ribosylating toxin, aext, into the cytosol of fish cells. this study showed that inactivation of the type iii secretion system by marker-replacement mutagenesis of the gene ascv, which encodes an inner-membrane component of the type iii secr ...	2005	15942017
bacterial vaccines for fish--an update of the current situation worldwide.	during the last few years, the use of vaccines for disease prevention in aquaculture has expanded both with regard to the number of fish species and number of microbial diseases. according to the responses to a questionnaire received from 41 countries, vaccination is used in the commercial aquaculture of species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (sparus aurata), barramundi (lates calcarifer), tilapia (tilapia spp), ...	2005	15962470
standardization of a broth microdilution susceptibility testing method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations of aquatic bacteria.	a multiple laboratory study was conducted in accordance with the standards established by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi), formerly the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls), for the development of quality control (qc) ranges using dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for bacterial isolates from aquatic animal species. qc ranges were established for escherichia coli atcc 25922 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 w ...	2005	15997819
[open study of clopirac in the treatment of non articular rheumatism (author's transl)].		2005	1084347
bond strength of glass-ionomer cement and composite resin combinations.	the tensile bond strength to dentin was measured for three glass-ionomer cement and composite resin combinations: two light-curing glass-ionomer cements (vitrebond and xr-ionomer) and one traditional glass-ionomer cement (ketac-bond), two adhesive systems (scotchbond, and xr-bonding system), and a corresponding composite resin. the bond strength of this "sandwich" was also compared with that of the same cements used in bulk. vitrebond showed a significantly higher bond strength in bulk than did ...	2005	1287716
balloon obdurator can ease introduction of blunt-tip endoscope.		2005	1140541
estimating trauma centre workload.		2005	1282567
nurse prescribing: how and when.	legislation for nurse prescribing now seems destined to be implemented in october 1993, writes judith moreton who is on the nurse prescribers formulary subcommittee. a private members bill from chislehurst mp roger sims, received its second reading on the 31 january. it has full government support and should become law in this session of parliament.	2005	1559831
[surgical sciatica. study of 251 cases undergoing a single operation (author's transl)].		2005	544204
anticoagulation treatment after open heart surgery for acquired heart disease.		2004	535340
children with learning problems: a developmental view for parents.		2004	521677
[determination of the subjective sound damping of radio receiver earphones using békésy exper. audiometery in an open sound field].		2004	516818
letpomeningeal aspergillosis causing internal carotid artery stenosis.		2004	444826
homogeneous immunoglobulins in the serum of irradiated and bone marrow reconstituted mice: the role of thymus and spleen.	the influence of thymectomy and splenectomy on the frequency and class distribution of homogeneous immunoglobulins (h-ig) in serum was studied in lethally irradiated (dba/2 x c57bl/rij)f1 mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow. during four follow-up periods in the first 9 months after transplantation, the sham-operated controls and splenectomized animals developed transient h-ig in an average frequency of 14.2 and 15.7% respectively. there were no marked differences in the incidence of h- ...	2004	387578
characteristics of bacterial strains inhabiting the wood of coniferous trees.	the presented studies embraced samples of wood chips from coniferous trees which contained layers of duramen, alburnum and bark. microbiological analysis involved qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial flora inhabiting the studied wood material. the wood chips were found to contain primarily species belonging to the genera bacillus and pseudomonas. the presence of the potentially pathogenic species bacillus cereus 1, sphingomonas paucimobilis, aeromonas salmonicida and chryseomo ...	2004	15790079
oral immunization of carassius auratus with modified recombinant a-layer proteins entrapped in alginate beads.	this study was focused on the utilization of a recombinant expression system to produce a unique modified subunit vaccine possessing a self-contained delivery system which could potentially improve the uptake and delivery of vaccine products as well their immunogenic potential. for this purpose the a-layer protein (at-r) associated with the fish pathogen atypical aeromonas salmonicida was cloned and modified by the genetic fusion of the protein transduction domain (mts) derived from kaposi fibro ...	2004	15530693
characterization of the o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing end group and sequencing of the core oligosaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida ssp salmonicida lipopolysaccharide using tandem mass spectrometry.	the molecular structure of the wild strain of the lipopolysaccharide core of aeromonas salmonicida, ssp salmonicida has been sequenced using tandem mass spectrometry. the core oligosaccharide was determined to contain an o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing group, and its structure is proposed as the follows: [structure: see text] after the core oligosaccharide of lps was released from the lipid a portion by conventional treatment with 1% acetic acid, we demonstrated the existence ...	2004	15531806
in vitro inhibition of microbial flora of fish by nisin and lactoperoxidase system.	to test the antimicrobial effects of nisin and lactoperoxidase system (lp system) against sardines flora. this study is part of a programme designed to investigate the preservability of fish using these inhibitors as potential biopreservatives.	2004	14687217
differential proteomic analysis of aeromonas salmonicida outer membrane proteins in response to low iron and in vivo growth conditions.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. bacterial phenotypes are known to change in vivo compared to the in vitro state. proteomic analysis of in vivo phenotypes is usually not possible due to insufficient biomass. using an in vivo growth chamber model, the pathogenic fish bacterium a. salmonicida was cultured in pure culture in vivo in its host, the atlantic salmon, to obtain sufficient biomass to allow proteo ...	2004	15048988
simultaneous detection of marine fish pathogens by using multiplex pcr and a dna microarray.	we coupled multiplex pcr and a dna microarray to construct an assay suitable for the simultaneous detection of five important marine fish pathogens (vibrio vulnificus, listonella anguillarum, photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, and vibrio parahaemolyticus). the array was composed of nine short oligonucleotide probes (25-mer) complementary to seven chromosomal loci (cyt, rpon, gyrb, toxr, urec, dly, and vapa) and two plasmid-borne loci (fata and a.sa ...	2004	15070982
sequential study of antigen persistence and concomitant inflammatory reactions relative to side-effects and growth of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) following intraperitoneal injection with oil-adjuvanted vaccines.	the persistence of antigens at the injection site (area around pyloric caeca and spleen), concomitant inflammatory reaction and granuloma development were monitored at 3, 6 and 12 months following intraperitoneal injection with multivalent, oil-adjuvanted vaccines in atlantic salmon. parallel assessment of side-effect profiles and growth rate were also performed. antigen persistence was examined by use of a monoclonal antibody that recognises aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide in an immuno ...	2004	15110337
vaccination and immune responses against atypical aeromonas salmonicida in spotted wolffish (anarhichas minor olafsen) juveniles.	to study the effect of early vaccination, wolffish juveniles of size 50 and 90 mm, respectively, were vaccinated with an oil-adjuvanted atypical a. salmonicida bacterin. vaccination resulted in significant protection after challenge with the homologous bacterial strain and specific antibody responses were demonstrated against whole bacteria as well as purified a-layer protein and lps by elisa and western blotting but individual variation in immune responses was apparent. the a-protein was the mo ...	2004	15123297
isolation and characterization of complement component c3 from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.).	complement component c3 was isolated from the plasma of cod (gadus morhua l.) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc) techniques, involving ion exchange and gel filtration columns, were used. the purified proteins were analysed by sds-page which showed a two-chain structure, alpha- and beta-chains, as seen in higher vertebrates. both proteins had intra-chain thioesters located within their alpha-chains and n-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed t ...	2004	15123326
identification of immune-relevant genes from atlantic salmon using suppression subtractive hybridization.	in order to probe the interaction between an invading microorganism and its host, we have investigated differential gene expression in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) experimentally infected with the pathogen aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. subtractive cdna libraries were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) from 3 immune-relevant tissues at 2 time points during the infection process. both forward- and reverse-subtracted libraries were generated, a ...	2004	15129324
structural reinvestigation of the core oligosaccharide of a mutant form of aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide containing an o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing end group using electrospray qqtof-ms/ms.	the molecular structure of the mutant form of the lipopolysaccharide of aeromonas salmonicida was determined to contain an o-4 phosphorylated and o-5 substituted kdo reducing group, and is proposed as the following: [molecular structure: see text] it was established that during the cleavage of this lps with 1% acetic acid, to release the core oligosaccharide from the lipid a portion, we obtained a degraded core oligosaccharide which eliminated its phosphate group with extreme facility. the preci ...	2004	15302978
influence of chronic exposure to treated sewage effluent on the distribution of white blood cell populations in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen.	impairment of immune function in aquatic animals has been proposed as a possible consequence of low-level contamination of surface waters with anthropogenic substances such as through the discharge of wastewater into rivers, lakes, and oceans. the study at hand investigated the effects of chronic (32 weeks) exposure to sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent on the prevalence and distribution of different leucocyte populations in spleen samples of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to simulate a ...	2004	15310861
the effect of vaccination and sea water entry on immunocompetence and susceptibility to kudoa thyrsites in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).	the effect of intraperitoneal (ip) vaccination and sea water entry (swe) on the immunocompetence of cascade atlantic salmon was investigated. smolts were ip injected with aqua health's forte trade mark vaccine (listonella (vibrio) anguillarum, listonella ordalii, vibrio salmonicida and aeromonas salmonicida) at four times (42, 238, 433 and 630 degree days, dd) prior to swe and were examined for immunocompetence. immune response measurements included mitogen-driven proliferation of peripheral blo ...	2004	15312664
mechanisms of quinolone resistance and clonal relationship among aeromonas salmonicida strains isolated from reared fish with furunculosis.	the mechanisms of resistance to quinolone and epidemiological relationships among a. salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish in french marine farms from 1998 to 2000 were investigated. the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyra and parc genes of 12 clinical a. salmonicida isolates with different levels of quinolone susceptibility were sequenced. mics were determined in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor (epi) phe-arg beta-naphthylamide and e(max) values (mic without ...	2004	15314197
phylogenetic analysis of the genus aeromonas based on two housekeeping genes.	the phylogenetic relationships of all known species of the genus aeromonas, and especially aeromonas bestiarum and aeromonas salmonicida, were investigated on 70 strains using the rpod sequence, which encodes the sigma70 factor. this analysis was complemented with the sequence of gyrb, which has already proven useful for determining the phylogenetic relationships in the genus. nucleotide sequences of rpod and gyrb showed that both genes had similar substitution rates (< 2 %) and a similar number ...	2004	15388703
pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:14 and o:81 strains with an s layer.	five autoagglutinating aeromonas hydrophila isolates recovered from eels and humans were assigned to serogroups o:14 and o:81 of the sakazaki and shimada (national institutes of health) scheme. they had the following properties in common: positive precipitation after boiling, moderate surface hydrophobicity (salt-aggregation-test value around 1.2), pathogenicity for fish and mice (50% lethal dose, 10(4.61) to 10(7.11)), lipopolysaccharides that contained o-polysaccharide chains of homogeneous ch ...	2004	15466530
sequence and expression of c-type lectin receptors in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).	the diverse receptors of the c-type lectin superfamily play key roles in innate immunity. in mammals, cell surface receptors with c-type lectin domains are involved in pathogen recognition and in immune response, and in some cases are exploited by pathogens to gain entry into cells. this study reports on sequence and expression analysis of three paralogous group ii c-type lectins from the teleost fish atlantic salmon (salmo salar). each of the receptors showed similarity to immune-relevant mamma ...	2004	15490154
damaging effect of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida on intestinal enterocytes of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.).	in fish, bacterial pathogens can enter the host by one or more of three different routes: (a) skin, (b) gills and (c) gastrointestinal tract. bacteria can cross the gastrointestinal lining in three different ways. in undamaged tissue, bacteria can translocate by transcellular or paracellular routes. alternatively, bacteria can damage the intestinal lining with extracellular enzymes or toxins before entering. using an in vitro (ussing chamber) model, this paper describes intestinal cell damage in ...	2004	15503156
experimental infection of turbot, scophthalmus maximus (l.), by moritella viscosa, vaccination effort and vaccine-induced side-effects.	moritella viscosa is the causative agent of winter ulcers in farmed salmonids and atlantic cod in countries around the north atlantic. the bacterium has also been isolated from various marine fish species. bacterial diseases have been a limiting factor in farming of turbot, but m. viscosa has not so far been isolated. in this study, turbot was shown to be sensitive to m. viscosa infection in experimental challenges. pathological changes in infected turbot were comparable with those previously de ...	2004	15509259
structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide o-antigen of aeromonas salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced under in vitro and in vivo growth conditions.	aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic aquatic bacterium and the causal agent of furunculosis in salmon. in the course of this study, it was found that when grown in vitro on tryptic soy agar, a. salmonicida strain 80204-1 produced a capsular polysaccharide with the identical structure to that of the lipopolysaccharide o-chain polysaccharide. a combination of 1d and 2d nmr methods, including a series of 1d analogues of 3d experiments, together with capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ms (ce-es ...	2004	15560791
effects of treated sewage effluent on immune function in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	in this study, the immune reactions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined, after exposure to 10, 30 and 70% of tertiary-treated municipal sewage effluent for 27 days. exposures were conducted concurrently with and without an immune challenge using intraperitoneal injections of inactivated aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. due to the time required to prepare and analyse samples, fish sampling was conducted over two consecutive days. there was no trout mortality for any of the expe ...	2004	15588644
genetic diversity among a-proteins of atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida.	the virulence array protein gene a (vapa) encoding the a-protein subunit of the surface layer of 23 typical and atypical strains of aeromonas salmonicida from salmonids and marine fish species were sequenced, and the deduced a-protein sequences compared. the a-proteins of the typical a. salmonicida ssp. salmonicida strains were shown to be identical, while amino acid variability was revealed among a-proteins of atypical strains. the highest amino acid variability appears to be in a predicted sur ...	2004	15609880
a deterministic model for the dynamics of furunculosis in chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha.	studies were undertaken to determine the parameters of transmission of aeromonas salmonicida in chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and to develop a deterministic model of the dynamics of experimental furunculosis. for determination of disease transmission coefficient (beta), disease-related mortality rate (alpha) and natural mortality rate (gamma), fish in 70 tanks (approximately 42 fish tank(-1)) were each exposed to a single infectious donor fish, 7 tanks were randomly selected daily and ...	2004	15648831
[the thyroid gland and pregnancy].		2004	412113
are proteinase inhibitors a factor for the derangement of homoeostasis in protein-energy malnutrition?	in protein-energy malnutrition essential amino acids for the synthesis of proteins are derived from the mobilization of endogenous proteins in order to maintain homoeostasis. data are presented to support the hypothesis that proteinase inhibitors, which increase rapidly at the onset of infection, interrupt this catabolic effect which is the normal adaptive response to protein-energy malnutrition.	2004	415595
reduction of microbial contamination from ultrasonic scalers.		2004	356863
cadaver kidney characteristics and immediate renal allograft function.		2004	356039
[achievements in gastric surgery in ukraine during 60 years of the soviet rule].		2004	342803
[choroid plexus carcinoma with metastasis to bone (author's transl)].	a very rare case of the choroid plexus carcinoma of the left lateral ventricle with metastasis to bone was reported. a two-month-old baby was suffering from irritability and vomiting. her vital signs became progressively worse. on admission she showed an increased head circumference and meningeal irritation signs. an emergency tapping of the right lateral ventricle at the anterior fontanel revealed the bloody csf and an opening pressure of over 700 mm of water. all laboratory findings were negat ...	2004	492463
[dynamic characteristics of the physical development of preschool children].		2003	152462
[effectiveness of the comprehensive treatment by rhonidase electrophoresis and tbilisi sulfide baths of elderly patients suffering from osteoarthrosis deformans].		2003	154769
electronic spectral and magnetic susceptibility studies of nickel[ii] and cobalt [ii] carboxypeptidase a complexes.		2003	166104
[role of radiology in work-related lung diseases. i. diagnosis, prevention and compensation].		2003	152494
association of type iii secretion genes with virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida possesses a number of potential virulence factors, including a recently identified plasmid-encoded type iii secretion system. a number of field isolates of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida were examined for the presence of type iii secretion genes. using in vitro experiments, it was found that field isolates containing such genes are cytotoxic to fish cell lines, whereas those that lack these genes are not. using a rainbow trout in vivo model, the virule ...	2003	14735937
integron-containing incu r plasmids pras1 and par-32 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida.	a 45-kb r plasmid, pras1, that confers resistance to tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides was isolated in 1989 from an atypical strain of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. this plasmid could be transferred by conjugation to escherichia coli with a high degree of efficiency (frequency, 0.48). the following year pras1 was isolated from a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in the same area. incompatibility group u plasmid pras1 contained a drug resistance-determining region of 12 kb co ...	2003	12654659
transferrin and the innate immune response of fish: identification of a novel mechanism of macrophage activation.	we have previously demonstrated that a non-cytokine serum protein called transferrin was a primary activating molecule of the goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophage antimicrobial response. the ability of the enzymatically cleaved forms of this protein to modulate fish macrophage function is novel and may represent a primitive and evolutionary conserved mechanism for the induction of no response of macrophages. in the present study we confirm our earlier findings using immunoaffinity purified go ...	2003	12697311
screening toxicity study in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) on feed amended with fumonisin b1.	fumonisin b1 (fb1) is one of several mycotoxins produced by fusarium moniliforme, a major fungal pathogen of corn and widely spread throughout the world. fb1 produces a wide range of biological effects, some of which are specific for particular organs or species and some are common to all investigated animals. in this study we have evaluated subchronic toxicosis features in young carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 mg fb1 kg(-1) body weight for 42 days through nutritionally balanced ...	2003	12733635
genetic linkage of the penicillinase gene, amp, and blrab, encoding the regulator of beta-lactamase expression in aeromonas spp.	aeromonas hydrophila t429125, a human clinical isolate, possesses three coordinately inducible beta-lactamases encoded by amph (class d beta-lactamase), ceph (class c beta-lactamase) and imih (class b beta-lactamase). we report that upstream of amph there are two genes, blra and blrb, encoding a putative two-component regulatory system. pcr studies revealed the same blrab-amp gene arrangement in all aeromonas spp. isolates tested; namely, aeromonas veronii bv. sobria, aeromonas jandaei, aeromona ...	2003	12746371
development of sensitive, high-throughput one-tube rt-pcr-enzyme hybridisation assay to detect selected bacterial fish pathogens.	bacterial monitoring and surveillance is critical for the early detection of pathogens to avoid the spread of disease. to facilitate this, an efficient, high-performance and high-throughput method to detect the presence of femotgram amounts of ribosomal rna from 4 bacterial fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida; tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly flexibacter maritimus); lactococcus garvieae; and yersinia ruckeri was developed. the system uses nucleolink strips for liquid- and solid-phase pcr in 1 ...	2003	12747638
removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in biological sand filters.	documentation is required to evaluate the use of infiltration systems as an alternative method for removal of fish pathogenic bacteria in wastewater from fish-farms. this study was performed to investigate the removal of bacterial fish pathogens in biological sand filters. a second aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria used in the study in order to find a suitable model organism for future experiments. low-strength wastewater from an inland freshwater salmonid farm was intermittently loa ...	2003	12753839
the efficacy of a single intraperitoneal injection of oxolinic acid in the treatment of bacterial infections in goldsinny wrasse (ctenolabrus rupestris) and corkwing wrasse (symphodus melops) studied under field and laboratory conditions.	the efficacy of a single intraperitoneal injection of oxolinic acid to control an outbreak of atypical aeromonas salmonicida infection in goldsinny wrasse (ctenolabrus rupestris) and in the treatment of systemic vibriosis in corkwing wrasse (symphodus melops) was examined. in addition a field study was performed to examine the effect of medication on the survival rate of goldsinny wrasse in atlantic salmon cages. four groups of wild caught goldsinny wrasse, each of 50 fish, were treated with an ...	2003	12755901
characterisation of aeromonas spp. isolated from frozen fish intended for human consumption in mexico.	a total of 82 strains of presumptive aeromonas spp. were identified biochemically and genetically (16s rdna-rflp). the strains were isolated from 250 samples of frozen fish (tilapia, oreochromis niloticus niloticus) purchased in local markets in mexico city. in the present study, we detected the presence of several genes encoding for putative virulence factors and phenotypic activities that may play an important role in bacterial infection. in addition, we studied the antimicrobial patterns of t ...	2003	12781953
a toll-like receptor (tlr) gene that is up-regulated in activated goldfish macrophages.	an expressed sequence tag screen of a macrophage activation factor and lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulated goldfish macrophage subtractive library generated several transcripts of a putative teleost homologue of the toll-like receptor (tlr) family. the full-length tlr cdna was sequenced and is predicted to encode a type i transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain containing leucine rich repeats and a cytoplasmic tail encoding a toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain. these findings indicate ...	2003	12798365
cellulose beads bound to cellulose binding domain-fused recombinant proteins; an adjuvant system for parenteral vaccination of fish.	a recombinant form of the outer membrane protein (a-layer protein) associated with atypical aeromonas salmonicida was expressed, fused to a cellulose binding domain (cbd) isolated from clostridium cellulovorans. the resultant chimerical protein was bound to either sigmacell 20((r)) or orbicell cellulose particles. common goldfish were injected intraperitoneally with the cellulose-protein complex and blood serum antibody levels produced against a-protein were examined weekly by means of elisa. th ...	2003	12804848
mhc polymorphism and disease resistance in atlantic salmon (salmo salar); facing pathogens with single expressed major histocompatibility class i and class ii loci.	few studies have yet addressed the functional aspects of mhc molecules in fish. to lay the foundation for this, we evaluated the association between disease resistance and mhc class i and class ii polymorphism in atlantic salmon. standardized disease challenge trials were performed on a semi-wild atlantic salmon population with subsequent mhc typing and statistical analysis. the pathogens employed were infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) causing infectious salmon anaemia and the aeromonas sal ...	2003	12811427
the effect of intraperitoneally administered recombinant il-1beta on immune parameters and resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the present work provides the first information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of trout recombinant interleukin-1 beta (ril-1beta) in vivo. the predicted rainbow trout mature il-1beta peptide was produced as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli. optimal migration of peritoneal leucocytes and ril-1beta induced phagocytosis occurred following intraperitoneal injection of 1 microg of the recombinant protein. moreover, systemic il-1beta, cox-2 and lysozyme ii gene expression was enha ...	2003	12818637
molecular characterization and quantitative analysis of superoxide dismutases in virulent and avirulent strains of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a facultatively intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a bacterial septicemia of salmonids that causes significant economic loss to the salmon farming industry. the mechanisms by which a. salmonicida evades intracellular killing may be relevant in understanding virulence and the eventual design of appropriate treatment strategies for furunculosis. we have identified two open reading frames (orfs) and relate ...	2003	12867441
protection against atypical furunculosis in atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.); comparison of a commercial furunculosis vaccine and an autogenous vaccine.	atlantic halibut, hippoglossus hippoglossus (l.), was shown to be sensitive to infection by three different isolates of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes in pre-challenge tests using intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections as well as bath challenges. a commercial furunculosis vaccine, alphaject 1200, and an autogenous vaccine, aas, based on the challenge strain, induced immune protection as shown in challenge tests 8 weeks post-immunization. the survival rate of vaccinat ...	2003	12899408