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[pedodontics and nutrition. i. the pregnant woman]. 20113240696
pattern of glomerulonephritis in hong kong. 20113205602
an evaluation of serum ca 50 levels in cancer using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.the ca 50 levels in serum samples from 440 patients were estimated using a dissociated enhanced lanthanide immunofluorimetric assay. the distribution was similar to ca 50-ria assays. raised levels (greater than 14 u/ml) were present in 95% pancreatic cancer, 68% hepatoma, 54% advanced colorectal cancer, 58% advanced breast cancer and 48% lung cancer. high values were observed in adenocarcinoma of the lung, and were related to tumour mass in small cell lung cancer. ca 50 is independent of cea. th ...20113179405
miyakawa patellectomy.a miyakawa patellectomy was done in seventeen patients (twenty knees) for either osteoarthritis or chondromalacia of the patella, or both, secondary to malfunction of the extensor mechanism. patients who had had a patellar fracture were not included in the series. the miyakawa patellectomy realigns the extensor mechanism, with the proper tension, and centers the functional pull of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament. a superficial strip of the quadriceps tendon is pulled distally to fill ...20113198674
comparison of membrane fluidity and transferrin receptor expression as proliferation markers in lymphoproliferative disorders and in mitogen induced lymphoblasts.the correlation of two proliferation related events, membrane fluidization and transferrin receptor expression was studied in different lymphoid cells. with increasing grade of malignancy the membrane microviscosity decreased. moreover, resting lymphocytes differed significantly from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells in this parameter. [125i]fe2-transferrin binding increased with increasing proliferation capacity of cells. the membrane microviscosity of mitogen induced blasts was very similar ...20113165488
ct in low back pain syndrome.ct has become the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing the specific cause of low back pain syndrome. this article describes and illustrates those abnormalities commonly associated with low back pain: disk herniation, spinal stenoses, facet joint abnormalities, spondylosis, inflammatory conditions of the lumbar spine, and sacroiliitis.20113159990
[acute malignant histiocytosis in a patient with liebow's lymphomatoid granulomatosis (a case report)]. 20113188437
[treatment of pollinosis in children by specific peroral hyposensitization]. 20113186412
[methohexital/alfentanil-thiopental/alfentanil for total intravenous anesthesia for direct laryngoscopy with 100% o2 jet ventilation].for the direct laryngoscopy and microscopic examination of the larynx with exploratory excision and pulpectomy using low frequency jet-ventilation with 100% oxygen we used total intravenous anaesthesia with a strong acting opioid and a barbiturate. because the achievement of sufficient reflexes and a high degree of vigilance postoperatively are to be aimed, methohexitone (m) and thiopentone (t) were investigated in the regard of the suppression of vigilance in the postoperative period. 40 patien ...20113140687
essential fatty acids in the diet of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri): physiological symptoms of efa deficiency. 20115007120
[dermatomycoses in children; a retrospective study 1977-1987]. 20113173519
[improvement in cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction of a patient with opca with l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine]. 20113147311
[experience with the co2 laser in oral surgery]. 20113126482
the magnesium-protoporphyrin ix (oxidative) cyclase system. studies on the mechanism and specificity of the reaction sequence.mg-protoporphyrin ix monomethyl ester cyclase activity was assayed in isolated developing cucumber (cucumis sativus l. var. beit alpha) chloroplasts [chereskin, wong & castelfranco (1982) plant physiol. 70, 987-993]. the presence of both 6- and 7-methyl esterase activities was detected, which permitted the use of diester porphyrins in a substrate-specificity study. it was found that: (1) the 6-methyl acrylate derivative of mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester was inactive as a substrate for cycliz ...20113202840
drg payments for raps slated in '87. 20113098671
a study of the brain barrier in the ventral nerve cord of the american cockroach treated with hexane-acetone and ddt.the present study examines electrophysiological alterations in the blood brain barrier of the american cockroach when the solvent hexane-acetone is applied topically to the ventral nerve cord. rupture of the barrier was evaluated by perfusion with saline in which nacl was replaced with choline chloride at 28 degrees and 15 degrees c. the electrophysiological effects of an ethanol ddt suspension on the ventral nerve cord previously treated with hexane-acetone at 28 degrees c and 15 degrees c were ...20113179571
aids policy development within the department of defense. 20113100984
[periodontal maintenance therapy]. 20113101045
triclonal gammopathy in a patient with plasma cell dyscrasia.a triclonal gammopathy is an immunoglobulin abnormality in which three discrete monoclonal subpopulations of immunoglobulin molecules are present in a patient's serum. monoclonal and biclonal gammopathies have been studied extensively, but relatively little is known about the much rarer triclonal gammopathies. the case described below illustrates some of the difficulties that this condition can present to the clinician and the clinical laboratory.20113079680
medicare: what it did for medicine it can do for dentistry. 20113063779
[hearing disturbances and hearing loss of occupational origin in dentistry]. 20113078965
office evaluation and management of the shoulder impingement syndrome.the shoulder impingement syndrome is the most common cause of shoulder pain. a complete office evaluation can be aided by a printed exam sheet. careful consideration of the differential diagnosis is important, often employing the xylocaine injection test. the impingement syndrome responds to conservative treatment the majority of the time. long follow-up determines the need for an invasive evaluation or surgical treatment.20113050719
alcohol-related symptoms in heterogeneous families of hospitalized alcoholics.heterogeneity in the clinical symptoms of alcohol abuse was examined in 243 men and 305 women from families of hospitalized alcoholics, who had demonstrated different patterns of inheritance of susceptibility to alcoholism. discriminant analysis was utilized to identify nine alcoholic symptoms that distinguished male relatives of alcoholic men from those of alcoholic women. inability to abstain from alcohol, fighting and reckless driving while intoxicated, and alcohol treatment other than alcoho ...20113067614
predicting compliance with home relaxation training. 20113550854
predicting compliance with home relaxation training. 20113550854
etoposide combination therapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.sixty-three consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated by six cycles at 3-week intervals of etoposide 120 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and orally on days 2-5, adriamycin 40 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1. tumour bed irradiation was administered to patients with limited disease after chemotherapy. in limited-disease and extensive-disease patients the median survival was 12 and 6 months respectively. the 2-year survival rate (life table) in limited- ...20113040288
[casein gene]. 20113834511
[molecular mass of tetanus toxoid protein]. 20114655751
clinical adoptive chemoimmunotherapy with allogeneic alloactivated hla-haploidentical lymphocytes: controlled induction of graft-versus-host-reactions.a total of 13 cancer patients were treated with adoptive chemoimmunotherapy (acit) using alloactivated hla haploidentical lymphocytes. donor lymphocytes were activated in vitro using a pool of irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes (mlc-cells) and some further expanded by culturing in t-cell growth factor (tcgf-cells). the first 6 patients received i.v. cyclophosphamide (cpm) followed 24 h later by escalating doses of mlc-cells, then 7 days later they received an infusion of tcgf-cells. minimal toxic ...20113257904
[introduction of personal computers to perinatology. clinical application. 9. in search of medical computers allowing smooth operation]. 20113230673
defining measurement precision for effort dependent tests: the case of three neurobehavioural tests.for effort dependent tests, the estimation of measurement precision (reproducibility) is complicated by learning effects and submaximal efforts which inflate the variance of repeated trials. to illustrate an approach to the estimation problem, precision was evaluated for three neurobehavioural tests based on the responses of 76 boatbuilders tested on four separate test occasions within a one-week period. the average coefficient of variation (cv) for repeated trials within a test session was 6%, ...20113225104
how patients know that nurses care about them. 20113216234
symmetrical partial lateral 'cryptophthalmos'. a new concept of its embryological pathogenesis.a unique case of bilateral, partial cryptophthalmos is described, with no associated systemic anomalies. there were symmetrical, well-developed palpebral apertures medially with small conjunctival sacs, and symmetrical hemicryptophthalmos laterally. a faint groove extended temporally over the fused lids on both sides. there was a distinct plane of cleavage laterally between the disorganized microphthalmic globes and overlying tissues. the surgical observations are detailed.20113136414
proceedings of the jerusalem meeting of the society for research into hydrocephalus and spina bifida, 1988. 20113062996
[remote afterloading transurethral radiotherapy of prostatic cancer]. 20113209920
synthesis of some novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazine derivatives for antimicrobial evaluation.a new series of novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazines 7a-j has been synthesized by the reaction of [5, 5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzofuran-7, 5-diyl)]bis[(4-amino-5-thioxo-4, 5-dihydro-1h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)methanone] (6) with a variety of phenacyl bromides in ethanol under reflux for 6 h. all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae and shigella f ...201124062120
sequential use of ultraviolet light and chlorine for reclaimed water disinfection.several disinfection processes of ultraviolet (uv), chlorine or uv followed by chlorine were investigated in municipal wastewater according to the inactivation of escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae and toxicity formation. the uv inactivation of the tested pathogenic bacteria was not affected by the quality of water. it was found that the inactivated bacteria were obviously reactivated after one day in dark. fluorescent light irradiation increased the bacteria repair. the increase of uv dosag ...201122432254
comparison of microcalorimetric fingerprint profiles of lonicerae japonicae flos and lonicerae flos.to compare the microcalorimetric fingerprint profiles of lonicerae japonicae flos (lj.f) and lonicerae flos (l.f), microcalormietry was applied to find the heat change regularity of bacillus shigae (b. shigae) metabolism affected by lj.f and l.f (we choose lonicera macranthoides hand.-mazz in this paper) with different concentrations. the thermogenic curves and thermodynamics parameters were investigated as evaluation index, and then the date of experiment was studied by similarity analysis. all ...201122242460
survival of salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae in dehydrated infant formula.powdered infant formula has previously been linked to the transmission of various bacterial pathogens in infants resulting in life-threatening disease and death. survival studies of 2 common foodborne pathogens, salmonella enterica serovar typhi and shigella dysenteriae, in powdered infant formula have not been previously studied despite the potentially devastating consequences from ingestion of these organisms, particularly by newborns, in case of a natural or deliberate contamination event. th ...201122417504
meiotic recombination between two polymorphic restriction sites within the beta globin gene cluster.analysis of beta globin gene haplotypes for prenatal diagnosis of beta thalassaemia has revealed a recombination event within the beta globin gene cluster. both a change in the avaii polymorphic site within the beta globin gene and a change in the phenotype of the beta globin gene were observed. paternity was established by the pedigree analysis of hypervariable 'minisatellite' dna polymorphisms and the most probable explanation of the recombination event is a crossover between the psi beta glob ...20103005579
[193 cases of gastroschisis and omphalocele--postoperative results].treatment was applied to 97 cases of omphalocele and 96 cases of gastroschisis at the dortmund department of paediatric surgery over the past 20 years. the survival rate was 122. follow-up checks were recently applied to 56 of those former patients, after nearly ten years had elapsed from surgery. thirty-eight of these patients were clinically examined, while questionnaires were completed for the rest. primary closures had been performed on 50 per cent of the cases, while the defects in the othe ...20102966527
five coping styles in families of children with cancer: a retrospective study in thirty families.this retrospective study concerned the coping behavior of 30 children with cancer and their families. fifteen families with children who were considered "cured" and 15 families with children who had died of their disease were questioned in partly structured interviews. in accordance with the coping model of lazarus, the following five different styles of coping by the family were identified: experiencing the disease as challenge, as probation, as misfortune, as fate, and as punishment. the evalu ...20103153243
pyrophosphate formation from acetyl phosphate and orthophosphate: evidence for heterogeneous catalysis.the formation of [32p]pyrophosphate from acetyl phosphate and [32p]orthophosphate was studied under conditions in which phosphate-metal salts or acetyl phosphate-metal salts precipitate. in the absence of precipitates in purely aqueous media, the initial rate constant of transphosphorylation (kobs) was extremely small and the formation of pyrophosphate was detected only in the presence of calcium. in various combinations, conditions such as high ph, high concentrations of reactants, and the pres ...20102845863
[reflections on 851 open heart operations at the institute of cardiology in abidjan]. 20102826086
molecular neurobiology--a conference sponsored by the nimh. 20102902686
[current approaches to immunological diagnosis of autoimmune and immune complex diseases]. 20102974642
[the expression of c-myb is strongly associated with the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer].the c-myb gene was studied in 112 breast cancers. c-myb and estrogen receptor (er) transcripts were found in 78 (70%) and 71 (63%) cancers respectively. of these 71 er positive cancers, 64 (90%) contained c-myb transcripts and of the 41 er negative cancers, 27 (66%) did not contain c-myb mrna. our data show that c-myb transcripts are strongly associated with er and progesterone receptors (p less than 10(-4) status in breast cancer. thus the c-myb expression could be associated with breast cancer ...20102907731
nmr contrast agents for proton imaging. 20102832350
the t cell system in rheumatoid arthritis: activated or defective?rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is characterised by the presence of activated lymphocytes in the synovial compartment, which are classically considered to be of particular importance to the pathogenesis of the disease. we have shown that activated lymphocytes are also found in the rheumatoid lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and that their proportions are increased in early or active disease. double-labelling experiments showed that t cell subsets within the activated circulating lymphocytes resemble ...20103075073
[use of prostacyclin in patients with ischemic stroke. a double-blind method ii].thirty patients with acute ischaemic stroke were allocated randomly into a group treated with prostacyclin and a group receiving placebo. the treatment was started 24 to 72 hours after the onset of stroke. prostacyclin sodium (wellcome, u.k. or chinoin, hpr) or its solvent (glycine buffer) were administered intravenously once daily during 2 weeks in 6-hour infusions. prostacyclin was infused at rates of 2.5-5.0 ng/kg/min. statistically significant improvement appeared from the second day on in t ...20103067105
[use of prostacyclin in patients with ischemic stroke. a double-blind method ii].thirty patients with acute ischaemic stroke were allocated randomly into a group treated with prostacyclin and a group receiving placebo. the treatment was started 24 to 72 hours after the onset of stroke. prostacyclin sodium (wellcome, u.k. or chinoin, hpr) or its solvent (glycine buffer) were administered intravenously once daily during 2 weeks in 6-hour infusions. prostacyclin was infused at rates of 2.5-5.0 ng/kg/min. statistically significant improvement appeared from the second day on in t ...20103067105
anti-idiotypic antibodies: a new generation of vaccines against infectious agents.anti-idiotypic antibodies have been suggested recently as candidates for potential vaccines against numerous infectious organisms. these antibody-based vaccines might represent a new generation of vaccines for inducing protective immunity in susceptible hosts.20103153167
functional significance of the kunitz-type inhibitory domains of lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor.blood coagulation can be initiated when factor vii or viia, a plasma protease, binds to its essential cofactor, tissue factor (tf), and proteolytically activates factors ix and x, triggering a cascade of events which eventually leads to the formation of thrombin and a fibrin clot. plasma contains a lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (laci) which inhibits activated factor x (xa) directly and, in a xa-dependent way, inhibits vii(a)/tf activity, presumably by forming a quaternary xa/laci/ ...20102927510
should doctors control discharge? the case for; the case against. 20103347537
carbohydrate structures of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-2, a glycoprotein purified from meconium as an antigen cross-reacting with anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody. occurrence of complex-type sugar chains with the gal beta 1----3glcnac beta 1----3gal beta 1----4glcnac beta 1----outer chains.nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-2 (nca-2) is a glycoprotein purified from meconium as a closely correlated entity with carcinoembryonic antigen (cea). as in the case of cea, only asparagine-linked sugar chains are included in nca-2. in order to elucidate the structural characteristics of the sugar chains of nca-2, they were quantitatively released from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis and reduced with nab3h4 after n-acetylation. the radioactive oligosaccharides were fractionated by ...20102808357
effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, apparent digestibility of energy, nitrogen and fat, and degradation of neutral detergent fiber in young men.the effects of rice fiber on fecal weight, transit time, frequency of defecations, digestibility of nutrients and blood status were investigated in 5 healthy young men. each of them consumed a brown rice diet and then a polished rice diet for 2 weeks respectively. both diets contained 1.2 g protein per kg body weight. the brown rice diet contained 2 times as much dietary fiber as the polished rice diet. when they consumed the brown rice diet, it showed an increase of fecal weight and decrease of ...20103035151
letter: evaluation of laboratory tests. 20104137770
letter: evaluation of laboratory tests. 20104137770
extracellular accumulation of proline, serine and trehalose in the haemolymph of osmoconforming brackish-water mosquitoes.larvae of culex tarsalis, a mosquito, are capable of surviving and developing in dilutions of sea water ranging from 0 mosmol l-1 to 700 mosmol l-1. in waters more dilute than 400 mosmol l-1, the larvae osmoregulate, whereas in those more concentrated than 400 mosmol l-1, the osmotic strength of the haemolymph parallels that of the medium, i.e. the larvae osmoconform. over the full range of external concentrations tested, the larvae regulate the levels of na+, k+, mg2+, ca2+ and cl- in the haemo ...20103108441
congenital adrenal hyperplasia. 20102887945
the versatility of hydroxyapatite blocks in maxillofacial surgery.there is considerable interest at present in the potential role of calcium hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial for bone augmentation in oral and maxillofacial surgery. most of the published work has been on the particulate form, mainly in alveolar ridge procedures. however, hydroxyapatite is also available as solid or porous blocks. the blocks are more predictable in their use than are the particles, and are adaptable and versatile. this paper reviews the biological behaviour of the material and dis ...20102825758
principles of the diagnostic system 'orfèvre' for computerized analysis in radiology. 20102980470
immunochemical studies of shigella flexneri 2a and 6, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide-core fragments and their protein conjugates as vaccine candidates.there is no licensed vaccine for the prevention of shigellosis. our approach to the development of a shigella vaccines is based on inducing serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of their lipopolysaccharides (lps). we have shown that low molecular mass o-sp-core (o-spc) fragments isolated from shigella sonnei lps conjugated to proteins induced significantly higher antibody levels in mice than the full length o-sp conjugates. this finding is now extended to the o-spc ...201020542498
agap2 regulates retrograde transport between early endosomes and the tgn.the retrograde transport route links early endosomes and the tgn. several endogenous and exogenous cargo proteins use this pathway, one of which is the well-explored bacterial shiga toxin. adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) are approximately 20 kda gtp-binding proteins that are required for protein traffic at the level of the golgi complex and early endosomes. in this study, we expressed mutants and protein fragments that bind to arf-gtp to show that arf1, but not arf6 is required for transport of ...201020551179
novel family of antimicrobial peptides from the skin of rana shuchinae.so far numerous antimicrobial peptides have been characterized from amphibians. in this work, a new family of antimicrobial peptides, named shuchin, was purified and characterized from skin secretions of the frog, rana shuchinae that lives in freezing mountains. totally two members of shuchin (shuchin 1 and 2) were identified with the amino acid sequence of nalsmprnkcnralmcfg and nalssprnkcdrasscfg, respectively. cdnas encoding shuchins were cloned from the skin cdna library of r. shuchinae. the ...201020553780
production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in water extracts of the fungus amylomyces rouxii strain ksu-09.a fungal strain, ksu-09, isolated from the roots of date palm (phoenix dactylifera), was identified as amylomyces rouxii based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of its rrna genes. mycelia-free water extracts obtained from mycelium suspended in water for 72h facilitated the production of stable, predominantly monodispersed and spherical silver nanoparticles (agnps) in the size range of 5-27nm upon addition of 1mm silver nitrate, as determined by the xrd, afm and ...201020619641
shiga toxin b subunits induce vwf secretion by human endothelial cells and thrombotic microangiopathy in adamts13-deficient mice.diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (d+hus) is the most common cause of acute renal failure among children. renal damage in d+hus is caused by shiga toxin (stx), which is elaborated by shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, in north america principally e coli o157:h7. recent studies demonstrate that stx also induces von willebrand factor (vwf) secretion by human endothelial cells and causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a disease with similarities to d+hus ...201020644116
glycan encapsulated gold nanoparticles selectively inhibit shiga toxins 1 and 2.shiga toxins (stx) released by escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysentriae cause life-threatening conditions that include hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), kidney failure, and neurological complications. cellular entry is mediated by the b-subunit of the ab(5) toxin, which recognizes cell surface glycolipids present in lipid raft-like structures. we developed gold glyconanoparticles that present a multivalent display similar to the cell surface glycolipids to compete for these toxins. these ...201020669970
control of coliform bacteria detected from diarrhea associated patients by extracts of moringa oleifera.the aims of this study were to determine the total population of coliform bacteria in the samples collected from diarrhea associated patients from the local area of bangladesh and to examine the antibacterial efficacy of leaf extracts of moringa oleifera (moringaceae) against the isolated coliform bacteria. the coliform bacteria detected in these samples by some microbial-biochemical tests such as escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella sp., enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae and ...201020677603
production of glycoprotein vaccines in escherichia coli.conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. state-of-the art production of conjugate vaccines using chemical methods is a laborious, multi-step process. in vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of campylobacter jejuni in recombinant escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. in this study we descri ...201020701771
characterisation of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- dt193 strains carrying a novel genomic island adjacent to the thrw trna locus.in 2006, monophasic, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- strains appeared as a novel serotype in germany, associated with large diffuse outbreaks and increased need for hospitalisation. the emerging 4,[5],12:i:- strains isolated from patients in germany belong mainly to phage type dt193 according to the anderson phage typing scheme for s. typhimurium (stm) and exhibit at least a tetra-drug resistance. the strains have been shown to harbour stm-specific gifs ...201020303825
antibiotics for the treatment of dysentery in children.ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the world health organization (who) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years.201020348130
global transcriptional response of macrophage-like thp-1 cells to shiga toxin type 1.shiga toxins (stxs) are bacterial cytotoxins produced by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli that cause bacillary dysentery and hemorrhagic colitis, respectively. to date, approaches to studying the capacity of stxs to alter gene expression in intoxicated cells have been limited to individual genes. however, it is known that many of the signaling pathways activated by stxs regulate the expression of multiple genes in mammalian cells. to ex ...201020351145
isolation of bacteria from mouse caecal samples and description of bacteroides sartorii sp. nov.caecal samples from wild-type and tnf(deltaare) mice were cultured on selective media containing bile salts, amino acids or casein macro-peptides. twenty-two strains were isolated and identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing. twenty-one strains showed >98% similarity to known bacteria (blautia spp., clostridium innocuum, enterococcus spp., escherichia coli, lactobacillus murinus, parabacteroides goldsteinii and shigella dysenteriae). one additional isolate, strain a-c2-0, was a new bacterium. the ...201020369227
antibacterial effect of the bioactive compound beauvericin produced by fusarium proliferatum on solid medium of wheat.to obtain the bioactive compound beauvericin (bea), fusarium proliferatum cect 20569 was grown on a solid medium of wheat, utilizing the technique of the solid state fermentation (ssf), being this mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semi-preparative column using as the mobile phase acetonitrile/water in gradient condition. the purity of the bea was verified by analytical hplc and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms-ms). the p ...201020371252
selective deletion of cd8(+) cells upregulated by caspases-1 via il-18 in mice immunized with major outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae 1 following infection.introduction: mucosal lymphoid changes were observed in cryopreserved rectal tissues obtained from balb/c mice infected with shigella dysenteriae 1, immunized with 57-kda major antigenic outer membrane protein, and infection after immunization. discussion: our data suggested that caspase-3 is downregulated in cd4(+) cells of immunized balb/c mice following infection with substantial increased expression of interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, while caspase-1 is upregulated in cd8(+) ce ...201020084439
chaperonin activity modulates codon adaptation. 201020087337
groel dependency affects codon usage--support for a critical role of misfolding in gene evolution.it has recently been suggested that the use of optimal codons limits mistranslation-induced protein misfolding, yet evidence for this remains largely circumstantial. in contrast, molecular chaperones have long been recognized to play crucial roles in misfolding prevention and remedy. we propose that putative error limitation in cis can be elucidated by examining the interaction between codon usage and chaperoning processes. using escherichia coli as a model system, we find that codon optimality ...201020087338
a piglet model of acute gastroenteritis induced by shigella dysenteriae type 1.the lack of a standardized laboratory animal model that mimics key aspects of human shigellosis remains a major obstacle to addressing questions about pathogenesis, screening therapeutics, and evaluation of vaccines.201020136414
characterisation of pathogenic bacteria in a uasb-polishing pond system using molecular techniques.molecular techniques have been commonly used to detect and quantify pathogenic bacteria in food, clinical and environmental samples, but in wastewater treatment plants few studies have been carried out. this work applied pcr with a specific set of primers to investigate pathogenic bacteria in a wastewater plant comprised of a uasb reactor followed by polishing ponds. in addition, in-situ hybridisation technique (fish) was used to estimate the abundance of escherichia coli in the system. accordin ...201020150719
a challenge model for shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis).shigella dysenteriae type 1 can cause devastating pandemics with high case fatality rates; a vaccine for shigella is unavailable currently. because of the risks associated with performing challenge studies with wild-type s. dysenteriae 1 in human clinical trials to advance vaccine development, an improved nonhuman primate model is needed urgently. in the present study, cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) were challenged with various doses of s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 to establish a dose ...201020158950
antibodies against recombinant shiga toxin subunit b neutralize shiga toxin toxicity in hela cells.shigella dysenteriae type 1 and escherichia coli o157:h7 produce shiga toxin 1 (stx) and shiga toxin1 (stx1), respectively and these two toxins are almost identical. e. coli o157:h7 is the major cause of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. stx and stx1 are ab5 type of toxin with a molecular weight of 70 kda, comprising an enzymaticaly-active a subunit (32 kda) and five receptor-binding b subunits (7.7 kda). in this study dna fragment (289 bp, gene bank accn no. ef685161) coding for b ...201020044923
structure, biological functions and applications of the ab5 toxins.ab(5) toxins are important virulence factors for several major bacterial pathogens, including bordetella pertussis, vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae and at least two distinct pathotypes of escherichia coli. the ab(5) toxins are so named because they comprise a catalytic a-subunit, which is responsible for disruption of essential host functions, and a pentameric b-subunit that binds to specific glycan receptors on the target cell surface. the molecular mechanisms by which the ab(5) toxins ca ...201020202851
induction of apoptosis by shiga toxins.shiga toxins comprise a family of structurally and functionally related protein toxins expressed by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and multiple serotypes of escherichia coli. while the capacity of shiga toxins to inhibit protein synthesis by catalytic inactivation of eukaryotic ribosomes has been well described, it is also apparent that shiga toxins trigger apoptosis in many cell types. this review presents evidence that shiga toxins induce apoptosis of epithelial, endothelial, leukocytic, lymp ...201020210553
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of shigella spp. with reference to its virulence genes and antibiogram analysis from river narmada.water samples of the river narmada from origin to end were analyzed for the presence of shigellae. analysis of 40 water samples by biotyping, serotyping, and molecular typing were done. out of all 40 isolates, 23 were identified as shigella flexneri, 10 as shigella sonnei, and seven as shigella dysenteriae. serotyping was found to be a better identification method than biotyping since biotyping was not found to be very sharp. in the present investigation, amplified ribosomal dna restriction anal ...201019501495
lactobacilli inhibit shigella dysenteriae 1 induced pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in host cells via impediment of shigella-host interactions.shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children from less developed and developing countries. the present study explores the hypothesis that lactobacilli protect the host cell during s. dysenteriae type 1 infection and its mechanism of action.201019535308
structure of the heme/hemoglobin outer membrane receptor shua from shigella dysenteriae: heme binding by an induced fit mechanism.shigella dysentriae and other gram-negative human pathogens are able to use iron from heme bound to hemoglobin for growing. we solved at 2.6 a resolution the 3d structure of the tonb-dependent heme/hemoglobin outer membrane receptor shua from s. dysenteriae. shua binds to hemoglobin and transports heme across the outer membrane. the structure consists of a c-terminal domain that folds into a 22-stranded transmembrane beta-barrel, which is filled by the n-terminal plug domain. one distal histidin ...201019731368
caspase-8-mediated cleavage of bid and protein phosphatase 2a-mediated activation of bax are necessary for verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in burkitt's lymphoma cells.verotoxin (vt-1) is a cytotoxin, produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 or by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, which binds specifically to globotriaosylceramide (gb3). this glycosphingolipid is a b cell differentiation antigen (gb3/cd77) strongly expressed on burkitt's lymphoma cells. we have previously shown that, in these cells, vt-1 induces apoptosis via a caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathway. in this report, we provide new insights into this signal transduction pathway. first, ...201019895884
adaptive immune responses during shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection: an in vitro stimulation with 57 kda major antigenic omp in the presence of anti-cd3 antibody.an effort was made to understand the role of the 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella outer membrane protein (omp) in the presence of t-cell antigen receptor in activation of adaptive immune responses of the cell mediated immune (cmi) restored patients. the expression of hla-dr/cd4 out of cd3(+) t-cells was significantly dominant over the hla-dr/cd8 and comparable to unstimulated cells of infected or healthy controls. cd4(+) t-cell activation together with hla-dr is associated with the ex ...201019915959
characterization of wrss2 and wrss3, new second-generation virg(icsa)-based shigella sonnei vaccine candidates with the potential for reduced reactogenicity.live, attenuated shigella vaccine candidates, such as shigella sonnei strain wrss1, shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, and shigella dysenteriae 1 strain wrsd1, are attenuated principally by the loss of the virg(icsa) protein. these candidates have proven to be safe and immunogenic in volunteer trials and in one study, efficacious against shigellosis. one drawback of these candidate vaccines has been the reactogenic symptoms of fever and diarrhea experienced by the volunteers, that increased in a ...201019932216
shiga toxins: intracellular trafficking to the er leading to activation of host cell stress responses.despite efforts to improve hygenic conditions and regulate food and drinking water safety, the enteric pathogens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 remain major public health concerns due to widespread outbreaks and the severity of extra-intestinal diseases they cause, including acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. shiga toxins are the key virulence factors expressed by these pathogens mediating extra-intestinal disease. de ...201022069648
shiga toxin is transported into the nucleoli of intestinal epithelial cells via a carrier-dependent process.shiga toxin (stx) produced by the invasive shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (s. dysenteriae1) causes gastrointestinal and kidney complications. it has been assumed that stx is released intracellularly after enterocyte invasion by s. dysenteriae1. however, there is little information about stx distribution inside s. dysenteriae1-infected enterocytes. here, we use intestinal epithelial t84 cells to characterize the trafficking of stx delivered into the cytosol, in ways that mimic aspects of s. dyse ...201022069640
transmembrane bax inhibitor motif containing (tmbim) family proteins perturbs a trans-golgi network enzyme, gb3 synthase, and reduces gb3 biosynthesis.globotriaosylceramide (gb3) is a well known receptor for shiga toxin (stx), produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae. the expression of gb3 also affects several diseases, including cancer metastasis and fabry disease, which prompted us to look for factors involved in its metabolism. in the present study, we isolated two cdnas that conferred resistance to stx-induced cell death in hela cells by expression cloning: ganglioside gm3 synthase and the cooh terminus regio ...201020837469
characterization and antimicrobial activity of 4-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-1→4-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzyl thiocarboxamide; a novel bioactive compound from moringa oleifera seed extract.antimicrobial activity of crude seed extract of moringa oleifera was investigated by thin layer chromatography bioassay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, cladosporium cladosporioides, and penicillium sclerotigenum; most of them were prominently inhibited by an isolate with r(f) 0.92-0.96. characterization and identification of the extract revealed the occurrence of three bioactive compounds: 4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, methyl n-4-(α-l-r ...201020941575
[rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae by pcr assay].based on the invasive plasmid antigen h gene (ipah) of s. dysenteriae, one pair of specific primers was designed for pcr assays in this study. the concentrations of dntp, mg2+ and primer, dosage of taq dna polymerase, annealing temperature and circulating parameter in the pcr amplification system were optimized. in this way, a rapid and stable method of pcr assay for the detection of s. dysenteriae was established. the specificity and sensitivity of pcr were also analyzed. the detection limits o ...201021033439
research progress in shigella in the postgenomic era.gram-negative, facultative intracellular anaerobes of the genus shigella, the principal etiologic agents of shigellosis, continue to pose a threat to public health. shigellosis causes 1.1 million deaths with over 164 million annual cases. the shigella spp. can be divided into four serogroups: shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. the completion of seven shigella genome sequences of representative strains from each of the shigella species has introduced an ...201021046319
[detection and drug resistance analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing shigella in pediatric patients].to investigate the occurrence and drug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls)-producing strains of shigella in pediatric patients, so as to provide information for clinical treatment.201021055309
plasmon-induced inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms with ag-agi/al2o3 under visible-light irradiation.the plasmon-induced photocatalytic inactivation of enteric pathogenic microorganisms in water using ag-agi/al(2)o(3) under visible-light irradiation was investigated. the catalyst was found to be highly effective at killing shigella dysenteriae (s. dysenteriae), escherichia coli (e. coli), and human rotavirus type 2 wa (hrv-wa). its bactericidal efficiency was significantly enhanced by hco(3)(-) and so(4)(2-) ions, which are common in water, while phosphate had a slightly positive effect on the ...201020734989
the structure of the escherichia coli o148 lipopolysaccharide core region and its linkage to the o-specific polysaccharide.recently it was demonstrated that shigella dysenteriae type 1, a cause of severe dysentery epidemics, gained its o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) from escherichia coli o148. the o-sps of these bacteria differ only by a galactose residue in the repeat unit of s. dysenteriae type 1 in place of a glucose residue in e. coli o148. herein, we analyzed the core structure and its linkage to the o-sp in e. coli o148 lps. both were found to be identical to those of s. dysenteriae type 1 structures, furthe ...201021074753
development of a quantitative rt-pcr assay to examine the kinetics of ribosome depurination by ribosome inactivating proteins using saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model.ricin produced by the castor bean plant and shiga toxins produced by pathogenic escherichia coli (stec) and shigella dysenteriae are type ii ribosome inactivating proteins (rips), containing an enzymatically active a subunit that inhibits protein synthesis by removing an adenine from the α-sarcin/ricin loop (srl) of the 28s rrna. there are currently no known antidotes to shiga toxin or ricin, and the ability to screen large chemical libraries for inhibitors has been hindered by lack of quantitat ...201021098653
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