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study of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in campylobacter coli using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay and its distribution among clinical and food strains.from a collection of 242 food isolates of campylobacter spp. 72 were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 170 as campylobacter coli and of 112 isolates from clinical sources, 92 were identified as c. jejuni and 20 as c. coli. the results for food isolates were in contrast to other reported identifications. twenty c. coli strains from clinical cases of campylobacter that occurred in portugal and 170 isolated from poultry products were examined for the presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cd ...201019821742
development and evaluation of internal amplification controls for use in a real-time duplex pcr assay for detection of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.a common problem of both conventional and real-time pcr assays is failure of dna amplification due to the presence of inhibitory substances in samples. in view of this, our aim was to develop and evaluate internal amplification controls (iacs) for use with an existing duplex real-time pcr assay for campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. both competitive and non-competitive iacs were developed and evaluated. the competitive approach involved a dna fragment of the coding region of the fish v ...201019833779
investigation of food and environmental exposures relating to the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in humans in northwest england.this study uses multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to investigate the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in a continuous study of a population in northwest england. all cases of campylobacter identified in four local authorities (government administrative boundaries) between 2003 and 2006 were identified to species level and then typed, using mlst. epidemiological information was collected for each of these cases, including food and recreational exposure variables, and the epidemiologies of c. je ...201019854914
a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ...201019897645
a genomic island defines subspecies-specific virulence features of the host-adapted pathogen campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.the pathogen campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis. although these taxa are highly related on the genome level, they are adapted to distinct hosts and tissues. c. fetus subsp. fetus infects a diversity of hosts, including humans, and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract. in contrast, c. fetus subsp. venerealis is largely restricted to the bovine genital tract, causing epidemic abortion in these animals. in light of their close genetic ...201019897645
development of a dna microarray to detect antimicrobial resistance genes identified in the national center for biotechnology information database.to understand the mechanisms and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (ar), the genetic elements responsible must be identified. due to the myriad of possible genes, a high-density genotyping technique is needed for initial screening. to achieve this, ar genes in the national center for biotechnology information genbank database were identified by their annotations and compiled into a nonredundant list of 775 genes. a dna microarray was constructed of 70mer oligonucelotide probes designed to ...201019916789
recrudescent campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompetent adult following experimental infection with a well-characterized organism.the recrudescence of infection with campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. we present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent c. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. after antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and mic ...201019923572
recrudescent campylobacter jejuni infection in an immunocompetent adult following experimental infection with a well-characterized organism.the recrudescence of infection with campylobacter jejuni after appropriate antibiotic treatment has not been previously reported in an immunocompetent adult. we present the complete clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic evaluation of a closely monitored healthy male with recrudescent c. jejuni infection occurring in the absence of immunodeficiency following experimental infection with a well-characterized strain. after antibiotic treatment, the initial infection was clinically cleared and mic ...201019923572
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis of a flaa fragment.the highly variable flagellin-encoding flaa gene has long been used for genotyping campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis is emerging as an efficient and robust method for discriminating dna sequence variants. the objective of this study was to apply hrm analysis to flaa-based genotyping. the initial aim was to identify a suitable flaa fragment. it was found that the pcr primers commonly used to amplify the flaa short variable repeat (svr) yielded a m ...201019933351
comparison between the biofilm initiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains to an inert surface using biofilm ring test.the adhesion to an inert surface (the first step of biofilm formation) of the two main pathogenic campylobacter species, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, isolated from diverse origins, was compared.201019796124
species-specific identification and differentiation of arcobacter, helicobacter and campylobacter by full-spectral matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis.rapid and reliable identification of arcobacter and helicobacter species, and their distinction from phenotypically similar campylobacter species, has become increasingly important, since many of them are now recognized as human and/or animal pathogens. matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) ms has been shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for characterization of micro-organisms. in this study, we therefore established a reference database of selected arcoba ...201019959629
genetic similarity of campylobacter isolates in humans, food, and water sources in central poland.campylobacter spp. is an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. however, sources of these infections are often difficult to identify. therefore, this study aimed at analyzing the genetic relatedness of campylobacter isolates from environmental and food samples as well as stool specimens of diarrheal patients obtained in a single geographic region in poland. only a few campylobacter jejuni isolates (4/18, 22%) could be assigned to one cluster, whereas the majority were ...201020001328
method for bacteriophage isolation against target campylobacter strains.poultry meat is considered a major source of campylobacter. this micro-aerobic bacterium is commonly responsible for foodborne illness. this work focuses on the isolation of campylobacter coli lytic bacteriophages (phages) against target c. coli strains.201020002571
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in iran.campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in human beings which are transmitted mostly via food originating from animals. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail raw meats in iran. from june 2008 to june 2009, a total of 722 raw meat samples from camel (n = 107), beef (n = 190), lamb (n = 225), and goat (n = 180) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets i ...201020184450
virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.outer membrane (om) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. om vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. strong experimental evidence exists to categorize om vesicle production as a type of gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. a growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. one of the most ...201020197500
reduction of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry skin by fruit extracts.campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and current methods to control campylobacter contamination in foods are not completely successful. plants are a promising source of antimicrobial agents, particularly given the growing interest in "all natural" foods. in this study, the antimicrobial activity of extracts from 28 edible plants against campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was evaluated in vitro and in a poultry skin model. nine of 28 extr ...201020202332
mass spectrometric analysis of ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat proteins reveals evidence of phosphorylation and absence of glycosylation.ehrlichia chaffeensis has a small subset of immunoreactive secreted, acidic (pi approximately 4), tandem repeat (tr)-containing proteins (trps), which exhibit abnormally large electrophoretic masses that have been associated with glycosylation of the tr domain.201020209062
performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ...201020220166
risk factors for indigenous campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli infections in the netherlands: a case-control study.a case-control study comprising 1315 campylobacter jejuni cases, 121 campylobacter coli cases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in the netherlands in 2002-2003. risk factors for both c. jejuni and c. coli enteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor for c. jejuni enteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. unique risk factors for c. coli ...201020223048
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle, sheep, and free-range poultry faeces.minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution for 72 campylobacter jejuni strains from livestock. twenty-three (31.9%) isolates were fully susceptible; all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and meropenem, and all but one to kanamycin. resistance to quinolones was highest (52.8%), reaching similar values among poultry, dairy cattle, and sheep, but lower in beef cattle. ...201020224816
epidemiologic investigation of immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy among abattoir workers exposed to porcine brain.in october 2007, a cluster of patients experiencing a novel polyradiculoneuropathy was identified at a pork abattoir (plant a). patients worked in the primary carcass processing area (warm room); the majority processed severed heads (head-table). an investigation was initiated to determine risk factors for illness.201020333310
multi-locus sequence types of campylobacter carried by flies and slugs acquired from local ruminant faeces.to assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces.201020337762
modification of the campylobacter jejuni flagellin glycan by the product of the cj1295 homopolymeric-tract-containing gene.the campylobacter jejuni flagellin protein is o-glycosylated with structural analogues of the nine-carbon sugar pseudaminic acid. the most common modifications in the c. jejuni 81-176 strain are the 5,7-di-n-acetylated derivative (pse5ac7ac) and an acetamidino-substituted version (pse5am7ac). other structures detected include o-acetylated and n-acetylglutamine-substituted derivatives (pse5am7ac8oac and pse5am7ac8glnnac, respectively). recently, a derivative of pseudaminic acid modified with a di ...201020338909
growth phase-dependent activation of the dccrs regulon of campylobacter jejuni.two-component systems are widespread prokaryotic signal transduction devices which allow the regulation of cellular functions in response to changing environmental conditions. the two-component system dccrs (cj1223c-cj1222c) of campylobacter jejuni is important for the colonization of chickens. here, we dissect the dccrs system in more detail and provide evidence that the sensor dccs selectively phosphorylates the cognate effector, dccr. microarray expression profiling, real-time reverse transcr ...201020348251
the internal transcribed spacer region, a new tool for use in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships within the campylobacter genus.the campylobacter genus consists of a number of important human and animal pathogens. although the 16s rrna gene has been used extensively for detection and identification of campylobacter species, there is currently limited information on the 23s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) region that lies between the 16s and 23s rrna genes. we examined the potential of the 23s rrna gene and the its region to be used in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships ...201020348308
evidence for a lineage of virulent bacteriophages that target campylobacter.our understanding of the dynamics of genome stability versus gene flux within bacteriophage lineages is limited. recently, there has been a renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages as 'therapeutic' agents; a prerequisite for their use in such therapies is a thorough understanding of their genetic complement, genome stability and their ecology to avoid the dissemination or mobilisation of phage or bacterial virulence and toxin genes. campylobacter, a food-borne pathogen, is one of the organi ...201020353581
antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypic profile comparison of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and retail meats.a total of 360 spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (campylobacter jejuni n = 148; campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (c. jejuni n = 114; c. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. ciprofloxacin-resistant c. jejuni was observed in 13.5% and 19% of the isolates from humans and retail chicken breasts, respectively. antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and er ...201020367499
mutations in the rpsl gene are involved in streptomycin resistance in campylobacter coli.to characterize the mechanisms of streptomycin (str) resistance in campylobacter coli, we chose 17 isolates that were resistant to str, erythromycin (ery), or both, and the putative str resistance target genes rpsl, rrs, and gidb were analyzed for mutations. the presence of the aade gene encoding aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase was also evaluated. to reveal putative connection between ery and str resistance mechanisms, 13 c. coli isolates initially susceptible to str and ery were exposed to ...201020370506
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in iran.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses during different stages of broiler processing in a major commercial poultry processing plant in southwestern iran. overall, 84 chicken carcasses were sampled from 4 sites along the processing line during a total of 7 visits. in addition, 14 water samples from the chiller tank were taken. using the cultural method, 186 of 336 (55.4%) carcasses were positiv ...201020371855
prevalence and biomolecular characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meat.we estimated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in retail meat (n = 352 samples; 104 chicken, 106 pork, and 142 beef) collected in campobasso, italy, comparing two microbiological methods. all the isolates were characterized by biomolecular techniques for epidemiological purposes. campylobacter isolation was performed by selective culture and membrane filtration methods. phenotypic and genotypic methods for genus and species identification were evaluated together with antimicrobial resistance ...201020377962
occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter species in surface waters of a mediterranean area and in its prevailing pollution sources.to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in surface waters of a highly populated mediterranean area.201020408911
detection of campylobacter jejuni by culture and real-time pcr in a french cohort of patients with guillain-barre syndrome.bacteriological culture and real-time pcr (rt-pcr) were used to detect campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples from a french cohort of 237 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we provide evidence that diverse serotypes and genotypes of c. jejuni are a major trigger of gbs in france.201020410350
fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples.a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ...201020453122
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens in bahir dar, ethiopia.in this study, the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from chickens and humans in bahir dar, ethiopia, were analyzed. two hundred and ten human and 220 chicken samples were analyzed between october 2007 and april 2008. seventeen human and 160 chicken campylobacter species were isolated. the overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 8% and 72.7% in humans and chickens, respectively. in humans, 94.1% of the isolates were c. jej ...201020482228
genotyping and pcr detection of potential virulence genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in poland.the prevalence of potential virulence markers was determined among the population of polish campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from children, chickens, pigs and dogs. the presence of the flaa, flab, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, cdtabc, virb11, and cj0588 genes among 74 c. jejuni and 15 c. coli isolates was detected by pcr. high prevalence of five different putative virulence and toxin genes (flaa, cdta, cdtb, cdtc, and cj0588) was found among isolates obtained from children, chickens and ...201020490760
repeated therapeutic dosing selects macrolide-resistant campylobacter spp. in a turkey facility.this study assessed the effects of the therapeutic use of tylan® in a large-scale turkey production facility on the selection of macrolide-resistant campylobacter.201020497488
fluoroquinolone resistance detection in campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni by luminex xmap technology.the proportion of campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. we developed an innovative method based on a luminex xmap dna suspension array that allows the identification of campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point mutation in the gyra gene (substitution from threonine 86 to isoleucine 86) that is responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. ninety-six campy ...201020500084
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from cattle between 2002 and 2006 in france.feces from 2,255 cattle (calves, young beef cattle, and culled cows) were collected at slaughter from nine departments across france. campylobacter was recovered from 16.5% of the 2,255 samples (c. jejuni from 12.8% and c. coli from 3.7%), predominantly from calves. antimicrobial resistance to six antibiotics of medical and/or veterinary interest was tested with the e-test. resistance to tetracycline was found in most isolates (52.8% of c. jejuni isolates and 88.1% of c. coli isolates) in contra ...201020501032
investigation of water washes suitable for very small meat plants to reduce pathogens on beef surfaces.water washing with a handheld hose was performed on beef surfaces to ascertain the most effective combination of methods needed to remove potentially harmful microorganisms. for these experiments, beef brisket surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni. in a pilot study, surfaces were washed with cold water (15 degrees c) at various water pressures, spray distances, applicat ...201020501042
identification of campylobacter jejuni genes involved in its interaction with epithelial cells.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of infectious gastroenteritis in industrialized nations. its ability to enter and survive within nonphagocytic cells is thought to be very important for pathogenesis. however, little is known about the c. jejuni determinants that mediate these processes. through an extensive transposon mutagenesis screen, we have identified several loci that are required for c. jejuni efficient entry and survival within epithelial cells. among these loci, insertional mut ...201020515930
three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture.campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ...201020519461
host association of campylobacter genotypes transcends geographic variation.genetic attribution of bacterial genotypes has become a major tool in the investigation of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and has implicated retail chicken meat as the major source of human infection in several countries. to investigate the robustness of this approach to the provenance of the reference data sets used, a collection of 742 campylobacter jejuni and 261 campylobacter coli isolates obtained from united kingdom-sourced chicken meat was established and typed by multilocus seque ...201020525862
molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from chickens and patients with gastritis or guillain-barré syndrome based on multilocus sequence types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.campylobacter jejuni has recently been noted as the most common cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in japan. in the present study, we determined st types of c. jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from chickens and patients with enteritis or gbs in japan and thailand. c. jejuni from chickens, enteritis, and gbs exhibited divergent st types and included several novel types in addition to worldwide common types. c. coli from enteritis was also divergent. novel st types may represent unidentif ...201020536735
comparison of real-time pcr assays for detection, quantification, and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in broiler neck skin samples.we tested the use of multiplex real-time pcr for detection and quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on broiler carcass neck skin samples collected during 2008 from slaughterhouses in switzerland. results from an established taqman assay based on two different targets (hipo and ceue for c. jejuni and c. coli, respectively) were corroborated with data from a newly developed assay based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the fusa gene, which allows differentiation betwe ...201020537260
fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter.campylobacter is a commensal in poultry, and therefore, poultry and poultry products are major sources of campylobacter infections in humans. fluoroquinolones inhibit the growth of campylobacter and other microorganisms by binding to bacterial dna gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv. these enzymes are associated with bacterial transcription, replication, and chromosome condensation and segregation. selection pressure in the presence of fluoroquinolones rapidly leads to resistance in campylobacter, d ...201020537275
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in children from communities in northeastern brazil: molecular detection and relation to nutritional status.this study determined the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni/coli and its relation with nutritional status in children from northeastern brazil. this was a case-control study design. stool samples were evaluated for hipo (c. jejuni), ask (c. coli), and cdtabc (c. jejuni's cytolethal distending toxin) genes. the nutritional status from these children was assessed by anthropometric measures and z-scores. c. jejuni and c. coli were detected in 9.6% (8/83) and 6.0% (5/83) in the diarrhea group and i ...201020542202
performance of the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator strips compared with the etest assay and bsac agar dilution.the oxoid m.i.c.evaluator (m.i.c.e; thermo fisher scientific) comprises an antibiotic gradient on a plastic support. we compared its performance with etest--a similar product--using bsac agar dilution as a reference.201020562429
screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (columba livia) in madrid.pathogens with the zoonotic potential to infect humans, such as campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and chlamydophila psittaci, can be found in feral pigeons (columba livia). given the high density of these birds in the public parks and gardens of most cities, they may pose a direct threat to public health.201020569487
characterization of n-linked protein glycosylation in helicobacter pullorum.the first bacterial n-linked glycosylation system was discovered in campylobacter jejuni, and the key enzyme involved in the coupling of glycan to asparagine residues within the acceptor sequon of the glycoprotein is the oligosaccharyltransferase pglb. emerging genome sequence data have revealed that pglb orthologues are present in a subset of species from the deltaproteobacteria and epsilonproteobacteria, including three helicobacter species: h. pullorum, h. canadensis, and h. winghamensis. in ...201020581208
identification and characterization of a new ferric enterobactin receptor, cfrb, in campylobacter.the ferric enterobactin (feent) receptor cfra is present in the majority of campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another feent uptake system in campylobacter. here we have identified and characterized a new feent receptor (designated cfrb) using both in vitro and in vivo systems. cfrb, a homolog of c. jejuni nctc 11168 cj0444, shares approximately 34% of amino acid identity with ...201020585060
prevalence of virulence-associated genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in campylobacter spp. isolated in italy.the prevalence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and the cytotoxic activity in vero and hep-2 cells was estimated in 29 campylobacter jejuni and 36 campylobacter coli from foods, animals and humans isolates. all c. jejuni showed flaa, cadf, cdta, cdtb, cdtc and cdt cluster genes fragments, except for ceue (86.2%) and cdt genes (93.1%). amongst c. coli strains, a lower prevalence of ceue gene (83.3%) was detected than that for cdta, cdtb, cdtc genes (97.2%), cdt gene cluste ...201019195703
inaccuracy of routine susceptibility tests for detection of erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.in the netherlands, both an increase in and regional differences in erythromycin resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli have been reported. to determine the accuracy of routine tests for erythromycin resistance, 48 erythromycin-resistant isolates from various laboratories that participate in the dutch surveillance of campylobacter infections were reinvestigated. initial susceptibility testing for erythromycin had been performed by disk diffusion in six and mic-based methods in ...201019438640
occurrence of salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes in swine.the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of major bacterial foodborne pathogens in swine. in total, 359 samples from manure storage tanks (91) and fresh pooled faeces (268) obtained from finisher (110), sows (78) and weanlings (80) were collected and tested. campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, escherichia coli o157 and listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 36.5%, 31.5%, 5.8%, 3.3% and 3.3% of samples respectively. all e. coli o157 isolates found on 10 far ...201019638163
role of the pjm1 plasmid-encoded transport proteins fatb, c and d in ferric anguibactin uptake in the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum.vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 is part of the natural flora in the aquatic habitat, but under certain circumstances it can cause terminal haemorrhagic septicemia in marine and fresh water fish due to the action of the anguibactin iron uptake system encoded by the virulence plasmid pjm1. this plasmid harbours the genes for the biosynthesis of the siderophore anguibactin and the ferric anguibactin transport proteins fatd, c, b and a encoded in the iron transport operon. the fata protein is the out ...201021304833
adherence, invasion, toxigenic, and chemotactic properties of mexican campylobacter strains.to determine the virulence factors of mexican wild-type strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, 31 wild-type strains were isolated from food and from humans. the production of cytolethal distending toxin and the adherence and invasion capabilities of these strains were assayed in vero cells. hard agar plugs with repellents and attractants were used to examine chemotaxis. mueller-hinton agar with supplements was used for motility analysis and to measure hemolytic activity. nine st ...201021219724
evaluation of salmonella-vectored campylobacter peptide epitopes for reduction of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.campylobacter is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and is often linked to contaminated poultry products. live salmonella vectors expressing three linear peptide epitopes from campylobacter proteins cj0113 (omp18/cjad), cj0982c (cjaa), and cj0420 (ace393) were administered to chicks by oral gavage on the day of hatch, and the chicks were challenged with campylobacter jejuni on day 21. all three candidate vaccines produced consistent humoral immune responses with high levels o ...201021177910
evaluation of salmonella-vectored campylobacter peptide epitopes for reduction of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens.campylobacter is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and is often linked to contaminated poultry products. live salmonella vectors expressing three linear peptide epitopes from campylobacter proteins cj0113 (omp18/cjad), cj0982c (cjaa), and cj0420 (ace393) were administered to chicks by oral gavage on the day of hatch, and the chicks were challenged with campylobacter jejuni on day 21. all three candidate vaccines produced consistent humoral immune responses with high levels o ...201021177910
evolution of an agriculture-associated disease causing campylobacter coli clade: evidence from national surveillance data in scotland.the common zoonotic pathogen campylobacter coli is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide but its evolution is incompletely understood. using multilocus sequence type (mlst) data of 7 housekeeping genes from a national survey of campylobacter in scotland (2005/6), and a combined population genetic-phylogenetics approach, we investigated the evolutionary history of c. coli. genealogical reconstruction of isolates from clinical infection, farm animals and the environment, reveal ...201021179537
description and burden of travel-related cases caused by enteropathogens reported in a canadian community.risk of infections by enteropathogens among individuals traveling outside their country of residence is considered important. such travel-related cases (trc) have been poorly estimated and described in canada.201021199137
characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated in the region of nis, serbia.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli represent one of the main causes of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. although the disease is usually mild and self-limiting, severe chronic sequelae may occur, such as reactive arthritis, guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes. serotyping is used as an epidemiological marker, while post-infective polyneuropathies are associated with several o serotypes.201021361150
influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of manure-derived escherichia coli in saturated porous media.in this research, tetracycline resistant (tet(r)) and tetracycline susceptible (tet(s)) escherichia coli isolates were retrieved from dairy manure and the influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of e. coli in saturated porous media was investigated through laboratory column transport experiments. experimental results showed that tet(r)e. coli strains had higher mobility than the tet(s) strains in saturated porous media. measurements of cell surface properties suggested that tet(r)e ...201021211813
influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of manure-derived escherichia coli in saturated porous media.in this research, tetracycline resistant (tet(r)) and tetracycline susceptible (tet(s)) escherichia coli isolates were retrieved from dairy manure and the influence of tetracycline resistance on the transport of e. coli in saturated porous media was investigated through laboratory column transport experiments. experimental results showed that tet(r)e. coli strains had higher mobility than the tet(s) strains in saturated porous media. measurements of cell surface properties suggested that tet(r)e ...201021211813
pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing of human and retail foodstuff campylobacters: an irish perspective.campylobacter enteritis is a zoonosis, an infectious disease transmissible under normal conditions from vertebrate animals to man, presenting a major global public health burden. in this study, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was employed to identify common genotypes in a collection of 600 campylobacter isolates in order to investigate if profiles obtained from retail samples of foodstuffs matched genotypes causing illness in the community in ireland. the campylobacters were isolated fro ...201021356447
diversity and impact of prokaryotic toxins on aquatic environments: a review.microorganisms are ubiquitous in all habitats and are recognized by their metabolic versatility and ability to produce many bioactive compounds, including toxins. some of the most common toxins present in water are produced by several cyanobacterial species. as a result, their blooms create major threats to animal and human health, tourism, recreation and aquaculture. quite a few cyanobacterial toxins have been described, including hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins and dermatotoxins. these t ...201022069558
multiplex pcr to diagnose bloodstream infections in patients admitted from the emergency department with sepsis.sepsis is caused by a heterogeneous group of infectious etiologies. early diagnosis and the provision of appropriate antimicrobial therapy correlate with positive clinical outcomes. current microbiological techniques are limited in their diagnostic capacities and timeliness. multiplex pcr has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections and fill this diagnostic gap. we identified patients from two large academic hospital emergency departments with suspected sepsis. the results of a m ...200919846634
multiplex pcr to diagnose bloodstream infections in patients admitted from the emergency department with sepsis.sepsis is caused by a heterogeneous group of infectious etiologies. early diagnosis and the provision of appropriate antimicrobial therapy correlate with positive clinical outcomes. current microbiological techniques are limited in their diagnostic capacities and timeliness. multiplex pcr has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections and fill this diagnostic gap. we identified patients from two large academic hospital emergency departments with suspected sepsis. the results of a m ...200919846634
occurrence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli and their biotypes in beef and dairy cattle from the south of chile.the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli and their biotypes in beef and dairy cattle from the south of chile was established. campylobacter were statistically more prevalent among beef cattle (35.9%) than among dairy cattle (21.3%), being c. jejuni the species most frequently isolated.200924031386
rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a pcr- and microarray-based assay.during the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. we have developed a method based on a modified broad-range pcr and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. the broad-range pcr primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrb and pare. the primer design a ...200919664269
comprehensive and rapid real-time pcr analysis of 21 foodborne outbreaks.a set of four duplex sybr green i pcr (sg-pcr) assay combined with dna extraction using qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated for the detection of foodborne bacteria from 21 foodborne outbreaks. the causative pathogens were detected in almost all cases in 2 hours or less. the first run was for the detection of 8 main foodborne pathogens in 5 stool specimens within 2 hours and the second run was for the detection of other unusual suspect pathogens within a further 45 minutes. after 2 to 4 days, ...200920016673
drug efflux pump deficiency and drug target resistance masking in growing bacteria.recent experiments have shown that drug efflux pump deficiency not only increases the susceptibility of pathogens to antibiotics, but also seems to "mask" the effects of mutations, that decrease the affinities of drugs to their intracellular targets, on the growth rates of drug-exposed bacteria. that is, in the presence of drugs, the growth rates of drug-exposed wt and target mutated strains are the same in a drug efflux pump deficient background, but the mutants grow faster than wt in a drug ef ...200919416855
susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from animals and humans to ciprofloxacin.fifty five thermophilic campylobacter spp. strains were isolated from the caecum of broilers, cecum and colon of pigs and from human faeces. the strains were identified as campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the more prevalent species in humans and broilers was campylobacter jejuni, and in pigs campylobacter coli. in the framework of this study, sensitivity to ciprofloxacin in isolated strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was tested by e-test. resistant to ciprofloxaci ...200919645360
the response of campylobacter jejuni to low temperature differs from that of escherichia coli.human infection with campylobacter jejuni is often associated with the consumption of foods that have been exposed to both chilling and high temperatures. despite the public health importance of this pathogen, little is known about the effects of cold exposure on its ability to survive a subsequent heat challenge. this work examined the effect of rapid exposure to chilling, as would occur in poultry processing, on the heat resistance at 56 degrees c of two c. jejuni strains, 11168 and 2097e48, a ...200919648365
novel clonal complexes with an unknown animal reservoir dominate campylobacter jejuni isolates from river water in new zealand.campylobacter jejuni is widely distributed in the environment, and river water has been shown to carry high levels of the organism. in this study, 244 c. jejuni isolates from three river catchment areas in new zealand were characterized using multilocus sequence typing. forty-nine of the 88 sequence types identified were new. the most common sequence types identified were st-2381 (30 isolates), st-45 (25 isolates), and st-1225 (23 isolates). the majority of the sequence types identified in the r ...200919648367
amoxicillin therapy of poultry flocks: effect upon the selection of amoxicillin-resistant commensal campylobacter spp.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amoxicillin therapy of poultry flocks upon the persistence of commensal campylobacter spp. and the incidence of antibiotic resistance.200919656785
campylobacter coli prosthetic hip infection associated with ingestion of contaminated oysters.this report describes the first reported case of a prosthetic hip joint infection due to campylobacter coli. the infection presumably resulted from ingestion of contaminated raw oysters. issues regarding original smear interpretation, culture isolation, and susceptibility testing are presented.200919656982
efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: an update.drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in bacteria. there has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps characterized from bacteria of human, animal, plant and environmental origins. these pumps are mostly encoded on the chromosome, although they can also be plasmid-encoded. a previous article in this journal provided a comprehensive review regarding efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria. in the past 5 years, significant pr ...200919678712
spatiotemporal homogeneity of campylobacter subtypes from cattle and sheep across northeastern and southwestern scotland.source attribution using molecular subtypes has implicated cattle and sheep as sources of human campylobacter infection. whether the campylobacter subtypes associated with cattle and sheep vary spatiotemporally remains poorly known, especially at national levels. here we describe spatiotemporal patterns of prevalence, bacterial enumeration, and subtype composition in campylobacter isolates from cattle and sheep feces from northeastern (63 farms, 414 samples) and southwestern (71 farms, 449 sampl ...200919700557
multiplex strategy for multilocus sequence typing, fla typing, and genetic determination of antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates collected in switzerland.we present an optimized multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme with universal primer sets for amplifying and sequencing the seven target genes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. typing was expanded by sequence determination of the genes flaa and flab using optimized primer sets. this approach is compatible with the mlst and flaa schemes used in the pubmlst database and results in an additional typing method using the flab gene sequence. an identification module based on the 16s rr ...200919439549
occurrence and enumeration of campylobacter spp. during the processing of chilean broilers.thermotolerant campylobacter is among the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. this study aimed at evaluating the occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter contamination in chicken carcasses and processing plant stations (chilling water, scalding water, defeathering machinery, evisceration machine, and transport crates) in two of the chilean main slaughterhouses. in addition, the isolation rates of thermotolerant campylobacter during evisceration and following chill ...200919445680
survival rate of thermotolerant campylobacter on poultry meat during microwave heating.survival rates of campylobacterjejuni atcc 33 291, campylobacter jejuni pzh 38 and campylobacter coli atcc 43 478 in leg quarters (ca 330 g) of chicken broilers after microwave heating (480 and 760 watt) for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes were determined. heating the meat in a microwave oven (moulinex, type dialog cook) at 480 watts caused a gradual decrease in the number of cells of the studied bacterial strains to total inactivation after 8-10 minutes of heating. increasing the heating power to 760 ...200919459438
the helicobacter pylori anti-sigma factor flgm is predominantly cytoplasmic and cooperates with the flagellar basal body protein flha.helicobacter pylori requires flagellar motility and orientation to persist actively in its habitat. a particular feature of flagella in most helicobacter species including h. pylori is a membraneous flagellar sheath. the anti-sigma factor flgm of h. pylori is unusual, since it lacks an n-terminal domain present in other flgm homologs, e.g., flgm of salmonella spp., whose regulatory function is intimately coupled to its secretion through the flagellar type iii secretion system. the aim of the pre ...200919465658
beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in campylobacter species: prevalence of cj0299 (bla oxa-61) and evidence for a novel beta-lactamase in c. jejuni.fifty-two percent of 1,288 poultry isolates of campylobacters were ampicillin resistant, and resistance was more common among campylobacter coli isolates (67.4%) than among campylobacter jejuni isolates (47.5%). production of beta-lactamase was typically associated with resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin (amoxicilline), penicillin, and ticarcillin. regardless of beta-lactamase production, all isolates were resistant to piperacillin (mics >or= 256 microg/ml), and most were resistant to carbeni ...200919506058
[evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli clinical isolates from poland. i. biotyping, resistance pattern, plasmid analysis, restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid].a total of 128 clinical isolates of c. jejuni and 17 clinical isolates of c. coli were characterized by their plasmid profiles, susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents and the lior biotypes. we also analyzed seven isolates from three c. jejuni family outbreaks and three isolates from one c. coli family outbreak. plasmids were found in 47 c. jejuni (36.7%) and 3 c. coli (17.6%) isolates. the sizes of plasmids detected ranged from about 3.3 to 89 kb. the majority of campylobacter isolates (n = ...200919517815
[evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli clinical isolates from poland. ii. pfge, eric-pcr, pcr-flaa-rflp and mlst].campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in many developed countries. we compared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the flagellin gene (pcr-flaa-rflp) for distinguishing 128 c. jejuni isolates and 17 c. coli clinical isolates isolated between 2006 and 2007 in poland. we also analysed seven isolates from three c. jejuni family outbrea ...200919517816
the dual-functioning fumarate reductase is the sole succinate:quinone reductase in campylobacter jejuni and is required for full host colonization.campylobacter jejuni encodes all the enzymes necessary for a complete oxidative tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. because of its inability to utilize glucose, c. jejuni relies exclusively on amino acids as the source of reduced carbon, and they are incorporated into central carbon metabolism. the oxidation of succinate to fumarate is a key step in the oxidative tca cycle. c. jejuni encodes enzymes annotated as a fumarate reductase (cj0408 to cj0410) and a succinate dehydrogenase (cj0437 to cj0439) ...200919525346
prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter in partridges (perdix perdix).to estimate the prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in commercially reared partridges (perdix perdix) in southern italy.200919552770
campylobacter coli naturally resistant to elevated levels of gentamicin as a marker strain in poultry research.campylobacter inoculation studies are limited without a suitable marker strain. the lurpose of this study was to screen campylobacter strains (n=2073) obtained from poultry carcass rinses through the centers for disease control and prevention's national antimicrobial resistant monitoring system for resistance to gentamicin and evaluate one strain's efficacy as a marker. a c. coli strain was found resistant to gentamicin at >32 microg/ml. gentamicin was incorporated into media (campy-cefex agar, ...200919610342
genomic insights into the convergence and pathogenicity factors of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species.whether or not bacteria form coherent evolutionary groups via means of genetic exchange and, hence, elicit distinct species boundaries remains an unsettled issue. a recent report implied that not only may the former be true but also, in fact, the clearly distinct campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species may be converging as a consequence of increased interspecies gene flow fostered, presumably, by the recent invasion of an overlapping ecological niche (s. k. sheppard, n. d. mccarthy, ...200919617370
prokaryotic protein glycosylation is rapidly expanding from "curiosity" to "ubiquity". 200919621412
diversity and habitat specificity of free-living protozoa in commercial poultry houses.despite stringent biosecurity measures, infections by bacterial food pathogens such as campylobacter are a recurrent problem in industrial poultry houses. as the main transmission route remains unclear, persistence of these infections has been linked to bacterial survival and possibly multiplication within protozoan vectors. to date, however, virtually no information is available on the diversity and occurrence of free-living protozoa in these environments. using a combination of microscopic ana ...200919124593
structures of acrr and cmer: insight into the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and multi-drug recognition in the tetr family of regulators.the transcriptional regulators of the tetr family act as chemical sensors to monitor the cellular environment in many bacterial species. to perform this function, members of the tetr family harbor a diverse ligand-binding domain capable of recognizing the same series of compounds as the transporters they regulate. many of the regulators can be induced by a wide array of structurally unrelated compounds. binding of these structurally unrelated ligands to the regulator results in a conformational ...200919130905
structures of acrr and cmer: insight into the mechanisms of transcriptional repression and multi-drug recognition in the tetr family of regulators.the transcriptional regulators of the tetr family act as chemical sensors to monitor the cellular environment in many bacterial species. to perform this function, members of the tetr family harbor a diverse ligand-binding domain capable of recognizing the same series of compounds as the transporters they regulate. many of the regulators can be induced by a wide array of structurally unrelated compounds. binding of these structurally unrelated ligands to the regulator results in a conformational ...200919130905
comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay and conventional culture methods for detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in naturally contaminated chicken meat samples.we investigated the efficacy of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detection of chicken meat samples naturally contaminated with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. a total of 144 preston enrichment broth cultures from chicken meat samples were assessed by using the lamp assay and conventional culture methods, which consist of a combination of preston enrichment culturing and plating onto butzler and modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agars. compared with ...200919139242
oxidative stress-induced peptidoglycan deacetylase in helicobacter pylori.structural modification of peptidoglycan (pg) is one of the mechanisms that pathogenic bacteria use to evade the host innate immune system. for the noninvasive human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori, pg delivery to the host cells is one trigger of the immune response. h. pylori hp310 was markedly up-expressed upon cell exposure to oxidative stress. however, disruption of hp310 did not produce a phenotype distinguishable from the parent, including oxidative stress resistance characteristics. ...200919147492
roles of lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide in antimicrobial resistance and natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni.this study is aimed to determine the role of capsular polysaccharide (cps) and lipooligosaccharide (los) in modulating antimicrobial resistance and natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni, an important food-borne human pathogen.200919147521
recombineering reveals a diverse collection of ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 that confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics.mutations in ribosomal proteins l4 and l22 confer resistance to erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics in a variety of bacteria. l4 and l22 have elongated loops whose tips converge in the peptide exit tunnel near the macrolide-binding site, and resistance mutations typically affect residues within these loops. here, we used bacteriophage lambda red-mediated recombination, or "recombineering," to uncover new l4 and l22 alleles that confer macrolide resistance in escherichia coli. we randomi ...200919150357
a dnase encoded by integrated element cjie1 inhibits natural transformation of campylobacter jejuni.the species campylobacter jejuni is considered naturally competent for dna uptake and displays strong genetic diversity. nevertheless, nonnaturally transformable strains and several relatively stable clonal lineages exist. in the present study, the molecular mechanism responsible for the nonnatural transformability of a subset of c. jejuni strains was investigated. comparative genome hybridization indicated that c. jejuni mu-like prophage integrated element 1 (cjie1) was more abundant in nonnatu ...200919151136
identification of novel carbohydrate modifications on campylobacter jejuni 11168 flagellin using metabolomics-based approaches.it is well known that the flagellin of campylobacter jejuni is extensively glycosylated by pseudaminic acid and the related acetamindino derivative, in addition to flagellin glycosylation being essential for motility and colonization of host cells. recently, the use of metabolomics permitted the unequivocal characterization of unique flagellin modifications in campylobacter, including novel legionaminic acid sugars in campylobacter coli, which had been impossible to ascertain in earlier studies ...200919154343
severe diarrhoea caused by highly ciprofloxacin-susceptible campylobacter isolates.the impact of fluoroquinolone resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates on the outcome of the disease in sporadic campylobacter infections of finnish individuals was studied. questionnaires were sent, during a 6-month study period, to patients who were stool culture-positive for campylobacter spp. in total, 192 returned questionnaires were analysed and assessed, together with the susceptibility data of the respective bacterial isolates. only one (2%) of the domestic, but ...200919154485
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