Publications

influence of selenium induced oxidative stress on spermatogenesis and lactate dehydrogenase-x in mice testis.	to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on the spermatogenesis and lactate dehydrogenase-x (ldh-x) activity in mouse testis.	2004	15273872
swiss-2dpage, ten years later.	the swiss-2dpage database was established in 1993 and is maintained collaboratively by the swiss institute of bioinformatics (sib) and the biomedical proteomics research group (bprg) of the geneva university hospital. during these years, swiss-2dpage underwent constant modification and improvement. current content includes about 4000 identified spots corresponding to 1200 different protein entries in 36 reference maps from human, mouse, arabidopsis thaliana, dictyostelium discoideum, escherichia ...	2004	15274128
purification and characterization of the human gamma-secretase complex.	gamma-secretase is a member of an unusual class of proteases with intramembrane catalytic sites. this enzyme cleaves many type i membrane proteins, including the amyloid beta-protein (abeta) precursor (app) and the notch receptor. biochemical and genetic studies have identified four membrane proteins as components of gamma-secretase: heterodimeric presenilin (ps) composed of its n- and c-terminal fragments (ps-ntf/ctf), a mature glycosylated form of nicastrin (nct), aph-1, and pen-2. recent data ...	2004	15274632
transcriptional repression of target genes by leunig and seuss, two interacting regulatory proteins for arabidopsis flower development.	transcription repression plays important roles in preventing crucial regulatory proteins from being expressed in inappropriate temporal or spatial domains. leunig (lug) and seuss (seu) normally act to prevent ectopic expression of the floral homeotic gene agamous in flowers. lug encodes a protein with sequence similarities to the yeast tup1 corepressor. seu encodes a plant-specific regulatory protein with sequence similarity in a conserved dimerization domain to the lim-domain binding 1/chip pro ...	2004	15277686
the mre11 complex and the metabolism of chromosome breaks: the importance of communicating and holding things together.	the conserved mre11 complex (mre11, rad50, and nbs1) plays a role in each aspect of chromosome break metabolism. the complex acts as a break sensor and functions in the activation and propagation of signaling pathways that govern cell cycle checkpoint functions in response to dna damage. in addition, the mre11 complex influences recombinational dna repair through promoting recombination between sister chromatids. the mre11 complex is required for mammalian cell viability but hypomorphic mutants ...	2004	15279769
biological role and structural mechanism of twinfilin-capping protein interaction.	twinfilin and capping protein (cp) are highly conserved actin-binding proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics in organisms from yeast to mammals. twinfilin binds actin monomer, while cp binds the barbed end of the actin filament. remarkably, twinfilin and cp also bind directly to each other, but the mechanism and role of this interaction in actin dynamics are not defined. here, we found that the binding of twinfilin to cp does not affect the binding of either protein to actin. furthermore, ...	2004	15282541
map kinase phosphatase 3 (mkp3) interacts with and is phosphorylated by protein kinase ck2alpha.	mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases play a central role in controlling a wide range of cellular functions following their activation by a variety of extracellular stimuli. map kinase phosphatases (mkps) represent a subfamily of dual specificity phosphatases, which negatively regulate map kinases. although erk2 activity is regulated by its phosphorylation state, mkp3 is regulated by physical interaction with erk2, independent of its enzymatic activity (camps, m., nichols, a., gillieron, c., a ...	2004	15284227
the mouse juvenile spermatogonial depletion (jsd) phenotype is due to a mutation in the x-derived retrogene, mutp14b.	the recessive juvenile spermatogonial depletion (jsd) mutation results in a single wave of spermatogenesis, followed by failure of type a spermatogonia to differentiate, resulting in adult male sterility. we have identified a jsd-specific rearrangement in the mouse homologue of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene utp14, termed mutp14b. confirmation that mutp14b underlies the jsd phenotype was obtained by transgenic bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) rescue. we also identified a homologous gene ...	2004	15289605
mutation of the mouse rad17 gene leads to embryonic lethality and reveals a role in dna damage-dependent recombination.	genetic defects in dna repair mechanisms and cell cycle checkpoint (ccc) genes result in increased genomic instability and cancer predisposition. discovery of mammalian homologs of yeast ccc genes suggests conservation of checkpoint mechanisms between yeast and mammals. however, the role of many ccc genes in higher eukaryotes remains elusive. here, we report that targeted deletion of an n-terminal part of mrad17, the mouse homolog of the schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17 checkpoint clamp-loader co ...	2004	15297881
gpr1, a putative g-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus candida albicans.	in response to various extracellular signals, the morphology of the human fungal pathogen candida albicans switches from yeast to hypha form. here, we report that gpr1 encoding a putative g-protein-coupled receptor and gpa2 encoding a galpha subunit are required for hypha formation and morphogenesis in c. albicans. mutants lacking gpr1 (gpr1/gpr1) or gpa2 (gpa2/gpa2) are defective in hypha formation and morphogenesis on solid hypha-inducing media. these phenotypic defects in solid cultures are s ...	2004	15302825
co-localization of trax and mea2 in golgi complex of pachytene spermatocytes in the mouse.	a golgin family protein, mea2, is expressed at enhanced level in pachytene spermatocytes and is indispensable for mouse spermatogenesis. because trax was shown to interact with mea2 in yeast two-hybrid, we investigated the localization of trax in pachytene spermatocytes with immunofluorescent staining. trax was found to accumulate in the golgi complex of mid-late pachytene spermatocytes and intermingled with granular mea2 signal in the central region. in a subline of the mea2 mutant mouse, a tru ...	2004	15314092
defects in cell growth regulation by c18:0-ceramide and longevity assurance gene 1 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.	in this study, endogenous long chain ceramides were measured in 32 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) and 10 nonsquamous head and neck carcinoma tumor tissues, as compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues, by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. interestingly, only one specific ceramide, c(18:0)-ceramide, was selectively down-regulated in the majority of hnscc tumor tissues. on the other hand, in nonsquamous tumor tissues, this selectivity for c18-ceramide was not detected ...	2004	15317812
mouse mafa, homologue of zebrafish somite maf 1, contributes to the specific transcriptional activity through the insulin promoter.	large maf transcription factors, which are members of the basic leucine zipper (b-zip) superfamily, have been reported to be involved in embryonic development and cell differentiation. previously, we isolated a novel zebrafish large maf cdna, somite maf1 (smaf1), which possesses transactivational activity within its n-terminus domain. to elucidate smaf1 function in mammals, we tried to isolate the mouse homologue of zebrafish smaf1. we isolated the mouse homologue of zebrafish smaf1, which is th ...	2003	14680841
characterizing gene sets with funcassociate.	summary: funcassociate is a web-based tool to help researchers use gene ontology attributes to characterize large sets of genes derived from experiment. distinguishing features of funcassociate include the ability to handle ranked input lists, and a monte carlo simulation approach that is more appropriate to determine significance than other methods, such as bonferroni or idák p-value correction. funcassociate currently supports 10 organisms (vibrio cholerae, shewanella oneidensis, saccharomyces ...	2003	14668247
twist2, a novel add1/srebp1c interacting protein, represses the transcriptional activity of add1/srebp1c.	adipocyte determination and differentiation dependent factor 1 (add1)/sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform (srebp1c) is a key transcription factor in fatty acid metabolism and insulin- dependent gene expression. although its transcriptional and post-translational regulation has been extensively studied, its regulation by interacting proteins is not well understood. to identify cellular proteins that associate with add1/srebp1c, we employed the yeast two-hybrid system with an adipocy ...	2003	14654692
the clustered olfactory receptor gene family 262: genomic organization, promotor elements, and interacting transcription factors.	for six mouse olfactory receptor genes from family 262 which are expressed in clustered populations of olfactory sensory neurons, the genomic as well as cdna structures were deciphered. all genes contained several exons which in some cases were alternatively spliced. immediately upstream of the transcription start sites, sequence motif blocks were identified that are highly conserved among olfactory receptor (or) genes which are expressed in clustered neuronal populations. by means of electropho ...	2003	14656972
effect of s. cerevisiae apn1 protein on mammalian dna base excision repair.	mammalian cells transfected with the s. cerevisiae apn1 protein acquire resistance to oxidizing agents, the damage of which is mainly repaired via dna base excision repair (ber). we have recently hypothesized that this effect might be linked to the possible capacity of apn1 to accelerate mammalian ber by its 3' diesterase activity. we have investigated here the effect of pure apn1 protein on ber performed by mouse embryonic fibroblast extracts. no significant acceleration was observed in the rep ...	2003	14666670
the hop2 protein has a direct role in promoting interhomolog interactions during mouse meiosis.	the s. cerevisiae hop2 protein and its fission yeast homolog meu13 are required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and recombination during meiosis. the mechanism of this requirement is, however, not understood. the previous studies in saccharomyces suggested that hop2 is a guardian of meiotic chromosome synapsis with the ability to prevent or resolve deleterious associations between nonhomologous chromosomes. we have generated a hop2 knockout mouse that shows profound meiotic defects with ...	2003	14667414
nlsdb: database of nuclear localization signals.	nlsdb is a database of nuclear localization signals (nlss) and of nuclear proteins. nlss are short stretches of residues mediating transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. the database contains 114 experimentally determined nlss that were obtained through an extensive literature search. using 'in silico mutagenesis' this set was extended to 308 experimental and potential nlss. this final set matched over 43% of all known nuclear proteins and matches no currently known non-nuclear protein. ...	2003	12520032
identification of a novel protein, pdip38, that interacts with the p50 subunit of dna polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.	the yeast two-hybrid screening method was used to identify novel proteins that associate with human dna polymerase delta (pol delta). two baits were used in this study. these were the large (p125) and small (p50) subunits of the core pol delta heterodimer. p50 was the only positive isolated with p125 as the bait. two novel protein partners, named pdip38 and pdip46, were identified from the p50 screen. in this study, the interaction of pdip38 with pol delta was further characterized. pdip38 encod ...	2003	12522211
polycystin-2 interacts with troponin i, an angiogenesis inhibitor.	polycystin-2 (pc2), encoded by the pkd2 gene, is mutated in 10-15% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) patients. pc2 is a ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel and is present in kidney and many other organs. likewise, pkd2-mutated patients and mice exhibit extrarenal abnormalities. in comparison with cysts in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, abnormalities in the heart, brain, and vascular vessels are less understood. in particular, roles of pc2 in muscle and endothelia ...	2003	12525172
evidence implicating ku antigen as a structural factor in rna polymerase ii-mediated transcription.	ku antigen is an abundant nuclear protein with multiple functions that depend mainly on ku's prolific and highly verstatile interactions with dna. we have shown previously that the direct binding of ku in vitro to negative regulatory element 1 (nre1), a transcriptional regulatory element in the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumour virus, correlates with the regulation of viral transcription by ku. in this study, we have sought to explore the interaction of ku with nre1 in vivo in yeast o ...	2003	12527196
ras-mediated apoptosis of pc cl 3 rat thyroid cells induced by ret/ptc oncogenes.	ret gene rearrangements, which generate chimeric ret/ptc oncogenes, are early events in the evolution of thyroid papillary carcinomas. expression of ret/ptc oncogenes promotes neoplastic transformation of cultured thyroid cells and of thyroid glands in transgenic mice. notwithstanding these oncogenic effects, we have found that the expression of two ret/ptc oncogenes (h4-ret and rfg-ret) induces apoptosis of rat thyroid pc cl 3 cells. promotion of thyroid cell death depends on the kinase activit ...	2003	12527893
uncleaved bap31 in association with a4 protein at the endoplasmic reticulum is an inhibitor of fas-initiated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.	bap31 is a polytopic integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and, like bid, is a preferred substrate of caspase-8. upon fas/cd95 stimulation, bap31 is cleaved within its cytosolic domain, generating proapoptotic p20 bap31. in human kb epithelial cells expressing the caspase-resistant mutant crbap31, fas stimulation resulted in cleavage of bid and insertion of bax into mitochondrial membrane, but subsequent oligomerization of bax and bak, egress of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and ...	2003	12529377
analysis of immunological nonresponsiveness to the 19-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium yoelii: rescue by chemical conjugation to diphtheria toxoid (dt) and enhancement of immunogenicity by prior dt vaccination.	the plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) is a leading vaccine candidate for protecting against the blood stage of malaria. previous studies have shown that the 19-kda carboxyl terminus of this protein is able to induce protective immunity in some monkey and mouse strains. we show that immunization with the recombinant plasmodium yoelii 19-kda fragment of msp1 (msp1(19)) expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae (ymsp1(19)) can induce protective antibodies in several inbred mouse strains and ...	2003	14500491
pias1-mediated sumoylation of focal adhesion kinase activates its autophosphorylation.	focal adhesion kinase (fak) is a protein tyrosine kinase enriched in focal adhesions, which plays a critical role in integrin-dependent cell motility and survival. the crucial step in its activation is autophosphorylation on tyr-397, which promotes the recruitment of several enzymes including src family kinases and the activation of multiple signaling pathways. we found in a yeast two-hybrid screen that the n-terminal domain of fak interacted with protein inhibitor of activated stat1 (pias1). th ...	2003	14500712
nf1 modulates the effects of ras oncogenes: evidence of other nf1 function besides its gap activity.	neurofibromin (nf1) (the product of nf1 gene) is a large cytosolic protein known as a negative regulator of ras. a fragment of some 400 residues located at the center of the nf1 gap-related domain (nf1-grd) has strong identity with other molecules of the gap family, which comprises, among others, the mammalian proteins nf1 and p120gap, and the yeast proteins ira1 and ira2. gap family members are known by their ability to promote the gtpase activity of ras proteins, facilitating the transit of th ...	2003	14502561
complexes between the lkb1 tumor suppressor, strad alpha/beta and mo25 alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the amp-activated protein kinase cascade.	the amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) cascade is a sensor of cellular energy charge that acts as a 'metabolic master switch' and inhibits cell proliferation. activation requires phosphorylation of thr172 of ampk within the activation loop by upstream kinases (ampkks) that have not been identified. recently, we identified three related protein kinases acting upstream of the yeast homolog of ampk. although they do not have obvious mammalian homologs, they are related to lkb1, a tumor suppressor ...	2003	14511394
decreased frequency and highly aberrant spectrum of ultraviolet-induced mutations in the hprt gene of mouse fibroblasts expressing antisense rna to dna polymerase zeta.	in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, dna polymerase zeta (pol zeta) is responsible for the great majority of mutations generated during error-prone translesion replication of dna that contains uv-induced lesions. the catalytic subunit of pol zeta is encoded by the rev3 gene. the orthologue of rev3 has been cloned from higher eukaryotic cells, including human, but its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis remains obscure. investigation into the cellular function of pol zeta has been hi ...	2003	14517346
group i metabotropic glutamate receptors bind to protein phosphatase 1c. mapping and modeling of interacting sequences.	the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors by kinases and phosphatases represents a key mechanism in controlling synaptic signal transduction. however, molecular determinants involved in the specific targeting and interactions of these enzymes are largely unknown. here, we identified both catalytic gamma-isoforms of protein phosphatase 1c (pp1gamma1 and pp1gamma2) as binding partners of the group i metabotropic glutamate receptors type 1a, 5a, and 5b in yeast cells and pull-down assays, using ...	2003	14519764
differential regulation of the sir2 histone deacetylase gene family by inhibitors of class i and ii histone deacetylases.	the sir2 histone deacetylase gene family consists of seven mammalian sirtuins (sirts) which are nad-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. sir2 proteins regulate, for instance, genome stability by chromatin silencing in yeast. in mammals, their function is still largely unknown. due to the nad+ dependency, sir2 might be the link between metabolic activity and histone/protein acetylation. regulation of gene expression also seems to play an important role in sir2 functions, since increasing the d ...	2003	14523559
hpr6.6 protein mediates cell death from oxidative damage in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.	reactive oxygen species (ros) cause cell death and are associated with a variety of maladies, from trauma and infection to organ degeneration and cancer. cells mount a complex response to oxidative damage that includes signaling from transmembrane receptors and intracellular kinases. we have analyzed the response to oxidative damage in human breast cancer cells expressing the hpr6.6 (human membrane progesterone receptor) protein. although hpr6.6 is related to a putative progesterone-binding prot ...	2003	14523988
analysis of sox10 mutations identified in waardenburg-hirschsprung patients: differential effects on target gene regulation.	sox10 is a member of the sox gene family related by homology to the high-mobility group (hmg) box region of the testis-determining gene sry. mutations of the transcription factor gene sox10 lead to waardenburg-hirschsprung syndrome (waardenburg-shah syndrome, ws4) in humans. a number of sox10 mutations have been identified in ws4 patients who suffer from different extents of intestinal aganglionosis, pigmentation, and hearing abnormalities. some patients also exhibit signs of myelination deficie ...	2003	14523991
a single protease, apg4b, is specific for the autophagy-related ubiquitin-like proteins gate-16, map1-lc3, gabarap, and apg8l.	apg8 is a ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy in yeast. apg8 is covalently but transiently attached to membrane lipids through the actions of activating, conjugating, and processing/deconjugating enzymes. the mammalian apg8 homologues gate-16, gararap, and map1-lc3 have been implicated in intra-golgi transport, receptor sorting, and autophagy, respectively. all are served by a single set of activating and conjugating enzymes. here we identify a novel mammalian apg8 homologue, which we n ...	2003	14530254
characterization of a novel binding partner of the melanocortin-4 receptor: attractin-like protein.	the gene dosage effect of the mc4-r (melanocortin 4 receptor) on obesity suggests that regulation of mc4-r expression and function is critically important to the central control of energy homoeostasis. in order to identify putative mc4-r regulatory proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a mouse brain cdna library using the mouse mc4-r intracellular tail (residues 303-332) as bait. we report here on one positive clone that shares 63% amino acid identity with the c-terminal part of th ...	2003	14531729
aipl1, a protein implicated in leber's congenital amaurosis, interacts with and aids in processing of farnesylated proteins.	the most common form of blindness at birth, leber's congenital amaurosis (lca), is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. mutations in six different retina-specific genes, including a recently discovered gene, aipl1, have been linked to lca in humans. to understand the molecular basis of lca caused by aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (aipl1) mutations, and to elucidate the normal function of aipl1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using aipl1 as bait. the screen d ...	2003	14555765
pleiotropic effects of ubp6 loss on drug sensitivities and yeast prion are due to depletion of the free ubiquitin pool.	mutation of the mouse usp14 gene, encoding the homolog of yeast deubiquitinating enzyme ubp6, causes ataxia. here we show that deletion of the ubp6 gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae causes sensitivity to a broad range of toxic compounds and antagonizes phenotypic expression and de novo induction of the yeast prion [psi+], a functionally defective self-perpetuating isoform of the translation termination factor sup35. conversely, overexpression of ubiquitin (ub) increases phenotypic expression and ...	2003	14559899
quantitative analysis of cbp- and p300-induced histone acetylations in vivo using native chromatin.	in vivo, histone tails are involved in numerous interactions, including those with dna, adjacent histones, and other, nonhistone proteins. the amino termini are also the substrates for a number of enzymes, including histone acetyltransferases (hats), histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases. traditional biochemical approaches defining the substrate specificity profiles of hats have been performed using purified histone tails, recombinant histones, or purified mononucleosomes as subst ...	2003	14560007
antibodies to a cell surface histone-like protein protect against histoplasma capsulatum.	a protective role for antibodies has not previously been described for host defense against the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum (hc). mouse mab's were generated from mice immunized with hc yeast that binds the cell surface of hc. administration of mab's before hc infection reduced fungal burden, decreased pulmonary inflammation, and prolonged survival in a murine infection model. protection mediated by mab's was associated with enhanced levels of il-4, il-6, and ifn-gamma in the lungs o ...	2003	14561701
identification of human sep1 as a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-inducible protein and its expression in the nervous system.	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) signals through multisubunit receptor complex consisting of ret tyrosine kinase and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored coreceptor called gdnf family receptor alpha1 (gfralpha1). in the current study, we cloned a human sep1 gene as a gdnf-inducible gene using human neuroblastoma cells that express ret and gfralpha1. the induction of the sep1 gene showed two peaks at 0.5-2 h and 24-48 h after gdnf stimulation by northern blotting and quantita ...	2003	14580940
negative feedback regulation ensures the one receptor-one olfactory neuron rule in mouse.	in the mouse olfactory system, each olfactory sensory neuron (osn) expresses only one odorant receptor (or) gene in a monoallelic and mutually exclusive manner. such expression forms the genetic basis for or-instructed axonal projection of osns to the olfactory bulb of the brain during development. here, we identify an upstream cis-acting dna region that activates the or gene cluster in mouse and allows the expression of only one or gene within the cluster. deletion of the coding region of the e ...	2003	14593185
the tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) interacts with the egf-like repeats of the notch proteins and the egf precursor.	employing the yeast two-hybrid system, the tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was shown to interact with a region spanning the egf-like repeats 1-6 of the mouse notch1, the human notch2 and the drosophila notch. this observation was confirmed in mammalian cells by demonstrating an interaction between the hiv tat and the egf-like repeats 1-6 of the various notch proteins. the hiv tat protein interacted also with the full-length mouse notch1 receptor when co-expressed in mammali ...	2003	14609630
protein kinase ckiialpha interacts with the bcr moiety of bcr/abl and mediates proliferation of bcr/abl-expressing cells.	the bcr protein was originally identified because of its fusion to abl as a consequence of the philadelphia chromosome translocation found in chronic myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukemias. the bcr moiety is essential for the transforming activity of the bcr/abl oncogene. in search of physiologically relevant bcr and bcr/abl-interacting proteins, we performed an interaction screen in yeast using the entire bcr protein as bait. we here report that the alpha catalytic subunit of protein kin ...	2003	14614449
a clc-type chloride channel gene is required for laccase activity and virulence in cryptococcus neoformans.	laccase is a major virulence factor required for infection caused by the human pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans. however, cellular processes involved in the regulation and expression of laccase remain largely unknown in c. neoformans. here we report the identification of a chloride channel gene clc-a which is essential for laccase activity in c. neoformans. clc-a shares homology to clc-type voltage-gated chloride channels from other organisms; for example, 63% homology to gef1, a chlorid ...	2003	14622414
identification of mouse vps16 and biochemical characterization of mammalian class c vps complex.	many multiprotein complexes mediate the fusion of the intracellular membranes. the question how the specificity of the membrane fusion is controlled has not been fully elucidated. here we report the identification of a mouse homologue vps16p (mvps16), which exhibits a high homology to the yeast vps16p, a component of class c vacuolar protein sorting (vps) complex implicated in the yeast vacuole membrane fusion. northern and western blot analyses reveal that mvps16 is ubiquitously expressed in th ...	2003	14623309
strand compositional asymmetries of nuclear dna in eukaryotes.	both dna replication and transcription are structurally asymmetric processes. an asymmetric nucleotide substitution pattern has been observed between the leading and the lagging strand, and between the coding and the noncoding strand, in eubacterial, viral, and organelle genomes. similar studies in eukaryotes have been rare, because the origins of replication in nuclear genomes are mostly unknown and the replicons are much shorter than those of prokaryotes. to circumvent these predicaments, all ...	2003	14629042
lipoprotein receptors and a disabled family cytoplasmic adaptor protein regulate egl-17/fgf export in c. elegans.	growth factors and morphogens need to be secreted to act on distant cells during development and in response to injury. here, we report evidence that efficient export of a fibroblast growth factor (fgf), egl-17, from the caenorhabditis elegans developing vulva requires the lipoprotein receptor-related proteins ce-lrp-1 and ce-lrp-2 and a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, ce-dab-1 (disabled). lipoprotein receptors are transmembrane proteins best known for their roles in endocytosis. ce-lrp-1 and ce-lr ...	2003	14630941
active and inactive orientations of the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the erythropoietin receptor dimer.	binding of erythropoietin to the erythropoietin receptor (epor) extracellular domain orients the transmembrane (tm) and cytosolic regions of the receptor dimer into an unknown activated conformation. by replacing the epor extracellular domain with a dimeric coiled coil, we engineered tm epor fusion proteins where the helical tm domains were constrained into seven possible relative orientations. we identify one dimeric tm conformation that imparts full activity to the cytosolic domain of the rece ...	2003	14636581
mouse mu opioid receptor distal promoter transcriptional regulation by sox proteins.	we have identified transcription factors that bind to specific sequences in 5'-distal promoter regulatory sequences of the mouse mu opioid receptor (mor) promoter using the yeast one-hybrid system. the sequence between -746 and -707 in mor distal promoter was used as the bait because it acts as a functional promoter element and binds several dna-binding proteins. from an adult mouse brain cdna library, five cdna clones encoding three sox gene family (sry like high mobility group (hmg) box gene) ...	2003	12446692
the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) forms a complex with the pdz domain-containing protein ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx).	the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) functions as a virus receptor, but its primary biological function is unknown. a yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx) as a binding partner to the intracellular tail of car. lnx harbors several protein-protein interacting domains, including four pdz domains, and was previously shown to bind to and regulate the expression level of the cell-fate determinant numb. car was able to bind lnx both in vivo and in vitr ...	2003	12468544
the mammalian sir2alpha protein has a role in embryogenesis and gametogenesis.	the yeast sir2p protein has an essential role in maintaining telomeric and mating type genes in their transcriptionally inactive state. mammalian cells have a very large proportion of their genome inactive and also contain seven genes that have regions of homology with the yeast sir2 gene. one of these mammalian genes, sir2alpha, is the presumptive mammalian homologue of the yeast sir2 gene. we set out to determine if sir2alpha plays a role in mammalian gene silencing by creating a strain of mic ...	2003	12482959
lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 have target specificity for the orphan nuclear receptors ad4bp/sf-1 and lrh-1.	the orphan receptor ad4bp/sf-1 (nr5a1) is a constitutive activator, and its activity is repressed by another orphan receptor, dax-1 (nr0b1). in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this repression by dax-1. yeast two-hybrid and transient-transfection assays confirmed the necessity of three lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 for interaction with and repression of ad4bp/sf-1. in vitro pull-down experiments confirmed that dax-1 interacts with ad4bp/sf-1 and also with lr ...	2003	12482977
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 suppresses differentiation by negative regulation of transcription.	epicardin/capsulin/pod-1, expressed in skeletal myoblasts within brachial arches and in the condensing mesenchyme, is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor family that is involved in various cell differentiation processes. in this study, we examined the functional properties of epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 in differentiation. the yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems showed physical associations between epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 and e2a, both of which were present in the ...	2003	12493738
differential cytokine pattern in the spleens and livers of balb/c mice infected with penicillium marneffei: protective role of gamma interferon.	penicillium marneffei is an intracellular opportunistic fungus causing invasive mycosis in aids patients. t cells and macrophages are important for protection in vivo. however, the role of t-cell cytokines in the immune response against p. marneffei is still unknown. we studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription-pcr and biological assays the patterns of expression of th1 and th2 cytokines in the organs of wild-type (wt) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) knockout (gko) mice infected intrave ...	2003	12496197
a yeast display system for engineering functional peptide-mhc complexes.	in a cellular immune response, antigenic peptides derived by intracellular processing of foreign pathogens are bound to the class i major histocompatability complex (mhc i) and presented to cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells. although the crystal structures of several different mhc products have been solved, many mhc molecules, including some associated with diseases, have not been amenable to biochemical and structural studies. the variability in this success is based largely on the fact that peptide-mhc ...	2003	12505727
n-terminal acetyltransferases and sequence requirements for n-terminal acetylation of eukaryotic proteins.	n(alpha)-terminal acetylation occurs in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae by any of three n-terminal acetyltransferases (nat), nata, natb, and natc, which contain ard1p, nat3p and mak3p catalytic subunits, respectively. the n-terminal sequences required for n-terminal acetylation, i.e. the nata, natb, and natc substrates, were evaluated by considering over 450 yeast proteins previously examined in numerous studies, and were compared to the n-terminal sequences of more than 300 acetylated mammal ...	2003	12507466
human kallikrein 13: production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay.	the aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for human kallikrein 13 (hk13) and to examine the presence of hk13 in human tissues and biological fluids.	2003	12507963
trapping and characterization of novel retinoid response elements.	retinoids, such as retinoic acid (ra), play a critical role in normal vertebrate development and physiology. however, embryonic exposure to excess retinoids also causes severe malformations. retinoids bind ra receptors and retinoid x receptors, thus activating a plethora of genes. separating the genes induced directly by retinoid-bound receptors from those induced subsequently by other transcription factors is difficult. the loose consensus defining known ra responsive elements (rares) further c ...	2003	12511604
stearoyl-coa desaturase, a short-lived protein of endoplasmic reticulum with multiple control mechanisms.	stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. scd is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. the intracellular concentration of scd fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. a combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid ...	2003	12538076
the mouse organellar biogenesis mutant buff results from a mutation in vps33a, a homologue of yeast vps33 and drosophila carnation.	in the mouse, more than 16 loci are associated with mutant phenotypes that include defective pigmentation, aberrant targeting of lysosomal enzymes, prolonged bleeding, and immunodeficiency, the result of defective biogenesis of cytoplasmic organelles: melanosomes, lysosomes, and various storage granules. many of these mouse mutants are homologous to the human hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps), chediak-higashi syndrome, and griscelli syndrome. we have mapped and positionally cloned one of these mou ...	2003	12538872
an integrated physical and gene map of the 3.5-mb chromosome 3p21.3 (ap20) region implicated in major human epithelial malignancies.	to facilitate the identification of tumor suppressor genes in the chromosome 3p21.3-p22 ap20 subregion, we constructed a 3.5-mb physical and gene map of this segment (between markers d3s4285 and d3s3873) that spans the distance from 124.4cr3000 to 133.5 cr3000 of the gb4 genetic map. we used noti-linking and -jumping clones, sequence-tagged site pcr marker analysis, and multicolor and fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the sequence order and map orientation. an integrated clone ...	2003	12543795
loss of hr6b ubiquitin-conjugating activity results in damaged synaptonemal complex structure and increased crossing-over frequency during the male meiotic prophase.	the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes hr6a and hr6b are the two mammalian homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad6. in yeast, rad6 plays an important role in postreplication dna repair and in sporulation. hr6b knockout mice are viable, but spermatogenesis is markedly affected during postmeiotic steps, leading to male infertility. in the present study, increased apoptosis of hr6b knockout primary spermatocytes was detected during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating that hr6b performs a pri ...	2003	12556476
disruption of the pelota gene causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression.	mutations in either the drosophila melanogaster pelota or pelo gene or the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologous gene, dom34, cause defects of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in drosophila, and delay of growth and failure of sporulation in yeast. these phenotypes suggest that pelota is required for normal progression of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. to determine the role of the pelota in mouse development and progression of cell cycle, we have established a targeted disruption of the mouse pel ...	2003	12556505
self-interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, suv39h1.	heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) binds to the nucleosome via a methylated lysine residue 9 of histone h3 which is catalyzed by a histone methyltransferase such as suv39h1. although co-localization of hp1 and suv39h1 has been evident in immunostaining and immunoprecipitation experiments, direct protein-protein interactions have remained to be characterized. we examined interactions between mouse hp1 alpha (mhp1 alpha) and suv39h1 in yeast and in vitro. a yeast two-hybrid and a glutathione s-transf ...	2003	12565857
interaction of retinal bzip transcription factor nrl with flt3-interacting zinc-finger protein fiz1: possible role of fiz1 as a transcriptional repressor.	nrl (neural retina leucine zipper) is a basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor of the maf-subfamily. multiple phosphorylated isoforms of nrl are detected specifically in rod photoreceptors. nrl regulates the expression of several rod-specific genes, including rhodopsin and cgmp phosphodiesterase beta-subunit, in synergy with other transcription factors (e.g. the homeodomain protein crx). missense mutations in the human nrl gene are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa ...	2003	12566383
tes is a novel focal adhesion protein with a role in cell spreading.	previously, we identified tes as a novel candidate tumour suppressor gene that mapped to human chromosome 7q31.1. in this report we demonstrate that the tes protein is localised at focal adhesions, actin stress fibres and areas of cell-cell contact. tes has three c-terminal lim domains that appear to be important for focal adhesion targeting. additionally, the n-terminal region is important for targeting tes to actin stress fibres. yeast two-hybrid and biochemical analyses yielded interactions w ...	2003	12571287
hypothesis: a glycoprotein-degradation complex formed by protein-protein interaction involves cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase.	a cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase has been implicated in the proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized misfolded glycoproteins that are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. recently, the gene encoding this enzyme (png1p) was identified in yeast and shown to bind to the 26s proteasome through its interaction with a component of the dna repair system, rad23p. moreover, a mouse homologue of png1p (mpng1p), which has an extended n-terminal domain, was found to bind not only to ...	2003	12593838
induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c by butyrate in raw 264.7 mouse macrophages.	raw 264.7 macrophages express nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-a as the only significant nonmuscle myosin heavy chain isoform, with expression of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-b and ii-c low or absent. treatment of the cells with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, led to the dose-dependent induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. trichostatin a, another inhibitor of histone deacetylase, also induced nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy ...	2003	12598534
novel espin actin-bundling proteins are localized to purkinje cell dendritic spines and bind the src homology 3 adapter protein insulin receptor substrate p53.	we identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) but are not detected in other neurons of the cns. these proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. light and electron microscopic localization studies demonstrated that these espin isoforms are enriched in the dendritic spines of pcs. they were detected in the head ...	2003	12598619
coenzyme-based functional assignments of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs).	short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are enzymes of great functional diversity. in spite of a residue identity of only 15-30%, the folds are conserved to a large extent, with specific sequence motifs detectable. we have developed an assignment scheme based on these motifs and detect five families. only two of these were known before, called 'classical' and 'extended', but are now distinguished at a further level based on patterns of charged residues in the coenzyme-binding region, giving ...	2003	12604213
a-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum.	the fibrous sheath is a unique cytoskeletal structure located in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum and is constructed of two longitudinal columns connected by closely spaced circumferential ribs. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases are secured within specific cytoplasmic domains by a-kinase anchoring proteins (akaps), and the most abundant protein in the fibrous sheath is akap4. several other fibrous sheath proteins have been identified, but how the fibrous sheath assembles is not unde ...	2003	12606363
tailoring the genome: the power of genetic approaches.	in the last century, genetics has developed into one of the most powerful tools for addressing basic questions concerning inheritance, development, individual and social operations and death. here we summarize the current approaches to these questions in four of the most advanced models organisms: saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), caenorhabditis elegans (worm), drosophila melanogaster (fly) and mus musculus (mouse). the genomes of each of these four models have been sequenced, and all have well ...	2003	12610537
transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex: role for the orphan nuclear receptor, coup-tfii/arp-1.	our laboratory has been studying the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene (atpa) that encodes the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex. we have previously determined that the regulatory factor, upstream stimulatory factor 2 (usf2), can stimulate transcription of the atpa gene through the cis-acting regulatory element 1 in the upstream promoter of this gene. in this study, we used the yeast one-hybrid screening method to identify another factor, coup-tf ...	2003	12614160
nuclear localization of senescence marker protein-30, smp30, in cultured mouse hepatocytes and its similarity to rna polymerase.	senescence marker protein-30 (smp30), expressed mostly in the liver, protects cells against various injuries by stimulating membrane calcium-pump activity. by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we found that smp30 was in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured mouse hepatocytes. by a homology search, we found that a domain of the smp30 sequence 51 amino acid residues long was 60-66% similar to bacterial and yeast rna polymerases.	2003	12619687
hsf-1 interacts with ral-binding protein 1 in a stress-responsive, multiprotein complex with hsp90 in vivo.	heat shock factor 1 (hsf1) regulates the rapid and transient expression of heat shock genes in response to stress. the transcriptional activity of hsf1 is tightly controlled, and under physiological growth conditions, the hsf1 monomer is in a heterocomplex with the molecular chaperone hsp90. through unknown mechanisms, transcriptionally repressed hsf1.hsp90 heterocomplexes dissociate following stress, which triggers hsf1 activation and heat shock gene transcription. using a yeast two-hybrid scre ...	2003	12621024
the c-terminal kinase domain of the p34cdc2-related pitslre protein kinase (p110c) associates with p21-activated kinase 1 and inhibits its activity during anoikis.	the pitslre protein kinases are parts of the large family of p34cdc2-related kinases. during apoptosis induced by some stimuli, specific pitslre isoforms are cleaved by caspase to produce a protein that contains the c-terminal kinase domain of the pitslre proteins (p110c). the p110c induces apoptosis when it is ectopically expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. in our study, similar induction of this p110c was observed during anoikis in nih3t3 cells. to investigate the molecular mechanism of ...	2003	12624090
isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase cdna from developing sesame (sesamum indicum l.) seeds: functional and differential expression, and salt-induced transcription during germination.	a cdna (semips1) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) (mips) has been characterized from sesame (sesamum indicum l. cv. dan-baek) seeds and its functional expression analyzed. the semips1 protein was highly homologous with those from other plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (53-62%) was found with other organisms such as humans, mouse, algae, yeast, drosophila, bacteria and other prokaryotes. a yeast-based complementation assay in yeast muta ...	2003	12624775
isolation and characterization of an avirulent candida albicans yeast monomorphic mutant.	mutagenesis of candida albicans strain atcc 26555 with n-methyl-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by plating on solid yeast nitrogen base-n-acetylglucosamine medium at 37 degrees c yielded colony morphology variants that were characterized as forming smooth colonies, in contrast to the rough colonies formed by the parental strain. one yeast monomorphic mutant, cal4, was studied in detail. strain cal4 is defective in filamentous growth, unable to form hyphae or pseudohyphae in vivo and in vitro. ...	2003	12627803
wnt signaling in b-cell neoplasia.	wnts comprise a family of secreted proteins that interact with receptors consisting of a frizzled (fz) family member alone or complexed with ldl receptor-related proteins (lrp5/6). wnt signaling plays a crucial role in both development and differentiation, and activation of a 'canonical' wnt pathway resulting in beta-catenin stabilization is associated with several types of human cancers. to date, little is known about potential wnt signaling in mature lymphocytes or lymphoid neoplasia. herein, ...	2003	12629517
mitochondrial protein import: recognition of internal import signals of bcs1 by the tom complex.	bcs1, a component of the inner membrane of mitochondria, belongs to the group of proteins with internal, noncleavable import signals. import and intramitochondrial sorting of bcs1 are encoded in the n-terminal 126 amino acid residues. three sequence elements were identified in this region, namely, the transmembrane domain (amino acid residues 51 to 68), a presequence type helix (residues 69 to 83), and an import auxiliary region (residues 84 to 126). the transmembrane domain is not required for ...	2003	12640110
the absence of sir2alpha protein has no effect on global gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells.	the yeast sir2 gene plays a central role in mediating gene silencing and dna repair in this organism. the mouse sir2alpha gene is closely related to its yeast homologue and encodes a nuclear protein expressed at particularly high levels in embryonic stem (es) cells. we used homologous recombination to create es cells null for sir2alpha and found that these cells did not have elevated levels of acetylated histones and did not ectopically express silent genes. unlike yeast sir2 mutants, our sir2al ...	2003	12651913
the atp-dependent lon protease of mus musculus is a dna-binding protein that is functionally conserved between yeast and mammals.	the atp-dependent lon protease is a multi-functional enzyme that is conserved from archae to mammalian mitochondria, which not only degrades protein substrates but also binds dna. as a starting point toward understanding lon function in development, the mouse lon cdna was cloned and the encoded protein was characterized in cultured mammalian cells, in yeast and in vitro. mouse lon shows 87, 40 and 33% amino acid similarity with the human, yeast and bacterial homologs, respectively. expression of ...	2003	12657466
phosphorylation of histone h2ax and activation of mre11, rad50, and nbs1 in response to replication-dependent dna double-strand breaks induced by mammalian dna topoisomerase i cleavage complexes.	dna double-strand breaks originating from diverse causes in eukaryotic cells are accompanied by the formation of phosphorylated h2ax (gammah2ax) foci. here we show that gammah2ax formation is also a cellular response to topoisomerase i cleavage complexes known to induce dna double-strand breaks during replication. in hct116 human carcinoma cells exposed to the topoisomerase i inhibitor camptothecin, the resulting gammah2ax formation can be prevented with the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase-rela ...	2003	12660252
the hermansky-pudlak syndrome 1 (hps1) and hps4 proteins are components of two complexes, bloc-3 and bloc-4, involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles.	hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps) is a genetic disease of lysosome, melanosome, and granule biogenesis. mutations of six different loci have been associated with hps in humans, the most frequent of which are mutations of the hps1 and hps4 genes. here, we show that the hps1 and hps4 proteins are components of two novel protein complexes involved in biogenesis of melanosome and lysosome-related organelles: biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-(bloc) 3 and bloc-4. the phenotypes of hps1- ...	2003	12663659
endogenous assays of dna methyltransferases: evidence for differential activities of dnmt1, dnmt2, and dnmt3 in mammalian cells in vivo.	while cpg methylation can be readily analyzed at the dna sequence level in wild-type and mutant cells, the actual dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (dnmts) responsible for in vivo methylation on genomic dna are less tractable. we used an antibody-based method to identify specific endogenous dnmts (dnmt1, dnmt1b, dnmt2, dnmt3a, and dnmt3b) that stably and selectively bind to genomic dna containing 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dc) in vivo. selective binding to aza-dc-containing dna suggests that ...	2003	12665573
secreted expression of dengue virus type 2 full-length envelope glycoprotein in pichia pastoris.	the full-length envelope glycoprotein gene of dengue virus type 2 was cloned using an rt-pcr method from the infected c6/36 cells and inserted into ppiczab vector. the recombinant plasmid was integrated into pichia pastoris by electroporation and the expressed product was identified by sds-page and western blotting. high-level secreted expression was performed by determining the mut(+) phenotype and screening multi-copy integrants in the recombinant yeast cells. a recombinant protein with a mole ...	2003	12668263
prokaryotic and eukaryotic translational machineries respond differently to the frameshifting rna signal from plant or animal virus.	many mutational and structural analyses of the rna signals propose a hypothesis that programmed frameshifting occurs by a specific interaction between ribosome and frameshifting signals comprised of a shifty site and a downstream rna structure, in which the exact nature of the interaction has not yet been proven. to address this question, we analyzed the frameshifting sequence elements from animal or plant virus in yeast and escherichia coli. frameshifting efficiencies varied in yeast, but not i ...	2003	12686425
modulation of splicing events in histone deacetylase 3 by various extracellular and signal transduction pathways.	within the context of the chromatin environment histone deacetylases are important transcriptional regulators. three classes of human histone deacetylases have currently been identified on the basis of their similarity to yeast proteins. the class i enzymes contain four members: hdacs 1-3 and hdac8. of these, hdac3 is known to generate transcript variants with altered amino-terminal regions. here we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of hdac3, in which exon 3 is alternatively ...	2003	12691522
deletion of the aspergillus fumigatus gene encoding the ras-related protein rhba reduces virulence in a model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant mold pathogen in patients who lack functional innate immunity. the a. fumigatus rhba gene was first identified as a transcript that was upregulated when the organism was grown in the presence of mammalian cells. to gain insight into the function of rhba in the growth and pathogenesis of a. fumigatus, we constructed a strain that lacks a functional rhba gene. the delta rhba mutant showed a significant reduction in virulence compared to the virulence of the ...	2003	12704156
defining desmosomal plakophilin-3 interactions.	plakophilin 3 (pkp3) is a recently described armadillo protein of the desmosomal plaque, which is synthesized in simple and stratified epithelia. we investigated the localization pattern of endogenous and exogenous pkp3 and fragments thereof. the desmosomal binding properties of pkp3 were determined using yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments. to this end, novel mouse anti-pkp3 mabs were generated. we found that pkp3 binds all three desmogleins, desmocollin (dsc) ...	2003	12707304
a very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.	x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald) is a neurodegenerative and endocrine disorder resulting from mutations in abcd1 which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein in the atp binding cassette superfamily. the biochemical signature of x-ald is increased levels of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa; carbon chains of 22 or more) in tissues and plasma that has been associated with decreased peroxisomal very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase (vlcs) activity and decreased peroxisomal vlcfa beta- ...	2003	12719378
rh-rhag/ankyrin-r, a new interaction site between the membrane bilayer and the red cell skeleton, is impaired by rh(null)-associated mutation.	several studies suggest that the rh complex represents a major interaction site between the membrane lipid bilayer and the red cell skeleton, but little is known about the molecular basis of this interaction. we report here that ankyrin-r is capable of interacting directly with the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of rh and rhag polypeptides. we first show that the primary defect of ankyrin-r in normoblastosis (nb/nb) spherocytosis mutant mice is associated with a sharp reduction of rhag and rh pol ...	2003	12719424
structure and biological activities of beta-glucans from yeast and mycelial forms of candida albicans.	we have achieved the extraction of cell wall beta-glucan from the mycelial form of candida albicans (c. albicans) ifo 0579 (m-csbg) by using acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite (naclo), and dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) treatments. the yield of m-csbg was significantly lower (7.5% from dried mycelial cells) than that of the yeast form from c. albicans ifo 1385 (y-csbg, 25.9% from dried yeast cells). the properties of m-csbg were similar to those of y-csbg in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spe ...	2003	12725286
the septin 9 (msf) gene is amplified and overexpressed in mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas and human breast cancer cell lines.	the expression of polyomavirus middle t antigen under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in transgenic mice results in the induction of aggressive mammary gland adenocarcinomas at an early age. we screened 26 tumors for chromosomal aneuploidies using sky and cgh. in 70% of the tumor samples we could detect high-level copy number gains, which mapped to chromosome band 11e2, a region orthologous to human 17q25.3. we then identified a bacterial artificial chromosome clone that la ...	2003	12727837
ebv-encoded ebna-5 associates with p14arf in extranucleolar inclusions and prolongs the survival of p14arf-expressing cells.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) carrying lymphoblastoid cells of normal origin express the full program of all 9 virus-encoded, growth transformation associated proteins. they have an intact p53 pathway as a rule. this raises the question of whether any of the viral proteins impair the pathway functionally. using a yeast 2-hybrid system, we have shown that ebna-5 but not the other ebnas interacts with the p14arf protein, a regulator of the p53 pathway. the interaction was confirmed in vitro using a gst ...	2003	12740913
fak induces expression of prx1 to promote tenascin-c-dependent fibroblast migration.	fibroblast migration depends, in part, on activation of fak and cellular interactions with tenascin-c (tn-c). consistent with the idea that fak regulates tn-c, migration-defective fak-null cells expressed reduced levels of tn-c. furthermore, expression of fak in fak-null fibroblasts induced tn-c, whereas inhibition of fak activity in fak-wild-type cells had the opposite effect. paired-related homeobox 1 (prx1) encodes a homeobox transcription factor that induces tn-c by interacting with a bindin ...	2003	12741393
the viral death protein apoptin interacts with hippi, the protein interactor of huntingtin-interacting protein 1.	apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-encoded protein, induces apoptosis in human tumor cells but not in normal cells. the tumor-specific activity of apoptin is correlated with its nuclear localization in tumor cells. in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis, we identified human hippi, the protein interactor and apoptosis co-mediator of huntingtin interacting protein 1, as one of the apoptin-associated proteins by yeast two-hybrid screen. we also demonstrated tha ...	2003	12745083
calcium-regulated interaction of sgt1 with s100a6 (calcyclin) and other s100 proteins.	s100a6 (calcyclin), a small calcium-binding protein from the s100 family, interacts with several target proteins in a calcium-regulated manner. one target is calcyclin-binding protein/siah-1-interacting protein (cacybp/sip), a component of a novel pathway of beta-catenin ubiquitination. a recently discovered yeast homolog of cacybp/sip, sgt1, associates with skp1 and regulates its function in the skp1/cullin1/f-box complex ubiquitin ligase and in kinetochore complexes. s100a6-binding domain of c ...	2003	12746458
inhibition of p300/cbp by early b-cell factor.	early b-cell factor (ebf) is a dna binding protein required for early b-cell development. it activates transcription of several b-cell-specific genes, including the lambda5 gene, which encodes a protein necessary for signaling by the pre-b-cell receptor. in an effort to understand the mechanism by which ebf activates transcription, we examined its interaction with the coactivator protein p300/cbp. we found that two domains of ebf each bind the histone acetyltransferase (hat)/ch3 domain of p300/c ...	2003	12748286
the histidine triad protein hint is not required for murine development or cdk7 function.	the histidine triad (hit) protein hint has been found to associate with mammalian cdk7, as well as to interact both physically and genetically with the budding yeast cdk7 homologue kin28. to study the function of hint and to explore its possible role in modulating cdk7 activity in vivo, we have characterized the expression pattern of murine hint and generated hint-deficient (hint(-/-)) mice. hint was widely expressed during mouse development, with pronounced expression in several neuronal gangli ...	2003	12748294