Publications

dissecting the interactions between ntf2, rangdp, and the nucleoporin xfxfg repeats.	we have used a range of complementary biochemical and biophysical methods to investigate the interactions between nuclear transport factor 2 (ntf2), the ras family gtpase ran, and xfxfg nucleoporin repeats that are crucial for nuclear trafficking. microcalorimetry, microtiter plate binding, and fluorescence quenching in solution are all consistent with the binding constant for the ntf2-rangdp interaction being in the 100 nm range, whereas the interaction between ntf2 and xfxfg repeat-containing ...	2000	10681579
identification of a brain specific protein that associates with a refsum disease gene product, phytanoyl-coa alpha-hydroxylase.	refsum disease is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder of the lipid metabolism. major diagnostic clinical findings include retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein without pleocytosis, nerve deafness, and cardiac involvement. we have identified a novel protein (pahx-ap #1) associated with phytanoyl-coa alpha-hydroxylase (pahx), a refsum disease gene product, using the yeast-based two-hybrid assay. the middle portion (amino ac ...	2000	10686344
cloning of a mouse glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein, a new member of the kdwk family.	a mouse cdna that encodes a nuclear dna binding protein was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening using the activation domain 2 of the nuclear receptor coactivator tif2 as a bait. blast analysis revealed that the identified cdna encodes a kdwk domain and contains sequences almost identical to three tryptic peptides of rat gmeb-1 which together with the gmeb-2 heterodimeric partner binds to the gme/cre sequence (glucocorticoid modulatory element) of the tyrosine aminotransferase (tat) promoter ...	2000	10692587
murine myak, a member of a family of yeast yak1-related genes, is highly expressed in hormonally modulated epithelia in the reproductive system and in the embryonic central nervous system.	we have cloned a mouse homologue (designated myak) of the yeast protein kinase yak1. the 1210 aa open reading frame contains a putative protein kinase domain, nuclear localization sequences and pest sequences. myak appears to be a member of a growing family of yak1-related genes that include drosophila and human minibrain as well as a recently identified rat gene anpk that encode a steroid hormone receptor interacting protein. rna blot analysis revealed that myak is expressed at low levels ubiqu ...	2000	10694743
a functional and quantitative mutational analysis of p53 mutations in yeast indicates strand biases and different roles of mutations in dmba- and bbn-induced tumors in rats		2000	10709115
lack of chemopreventive efficacy of dl-selenomethionine in colon carcinogenesis.	epidemiologic observations and laboratory research have suggested that dietary selenium reduces the risk of colon cancer. selenium-enriched brewer's yeast as a dietary supplement reduces the incidence of and mortality from cancer of the colon in humans. it is not clear whether the observed inhibitory effect is due to selenomethionine, or to other forms of selenium, or to a mixture of the selenium compounds present in selenium-enriched brewer's yeast. therefore, bioassay described in this study e ...	2000	10719045
insulin-like biological activity of culinary and medicinal plant aqueous extracts in vitro.	to evaluate the possible effects on insulin function, 49 herb, spice, and medicinal plant extracts were tested in the insulin-dependent utilization of glucose using a rat epididymal adipocyte assay. cinnamon was the most bioactive product followed by witch hazel, green and black teas, allspice, bay leaves, nutmeg, cloves, mushrooms, and brewer's yeast. the glucose oxidation enhancing bioactivity was lost from cinnamon, tea, witch hazel, cloves, bay leaf and allspice by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pv ...	2000	10725162
maps and poep of the roads from prokaryotic to eukaryotic kingdoms.	methionine aminopeptidases (maps) play important roles in protein processing. maps from various organisms, for example e. coli, s. typhimurium, p. furiosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and porcine have been purified to homogeneity and their map activities have been tested in vitro and in vivo. the dna sequence analyses of map genes from the above organisms reveal sequence homologies with other prokaryotic maps as well as with various eukaryotic homologues of rat p67. the cellular glycoprotein, p67 ...	2000	10727764
differential interaction of steroid hormone receptors with lxxll motifs in src-1a depends on residues flanking the motif.	steroid hormones induce the transcriptional activity of their cognate receptors by recruiting a variety of cofactors. one of these, steroid receptor co-activator-1 (src-1) interacts with the ligand binding domains of a number of different receptors by means of lxxll motifs. we have investigated the relative interaction of four such motifs in src-1a using a yeast two-hybrid assay. we demonstrate that eralpha, erbeta and erbeta2 preferentially interact with motif 2 while gr, ar, pparalpha and ppar ...	2000	10731636
a novel nuclear phosphoprotein, ganp, is up-regulated in centrocytes of the germinal center and associated with mcm3, a protein essential for dna replication.	antigen (ag) immunization induces formation of the germinal center (gc), with large, rapidly proliferating centroblasts in the dark zone, and small, nondividing centrocytes in the light zone. we identified a novel nuclear protein, ganp, that is up-regulated in centrocytes. we found that ganp was up-regulated in gc b cells of peyer's patches in normal mice and in spleens from ag-immunized mice. ganp-positive cells appeared in the light zone of the gc, with coexpression of the peanut agglutinin (p ...	2000	10733502
cryptococcus neoformans neutralizes macrophage and astrocyte derived nitric oxide without interfering with inducible nitric oxide synthase induction or catalytic activity - possible involvement of nitric oxide consumption.	the effect of cryptococcus neoformans on the accumulation of nitrite, an indicator of nitric oxide (no) synthesis, was investigated in cytokine (interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] and interleukin [il]-1)-stimulated cultures of rat peritoneal macrophages and c6 astrocytoma cells. cytokine-induced nitrite generation in cultures of both cell types was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by live c. neoformans, but not by heat-killed cryptococcal cells or conditioned medium from yeast cultures. c. neoform ...	2000	10736111
responses to peroxynitrite in yeast: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) as a sensitive intracellular target for nitration and enhancement of chaperone expression and ubiquitination.	peroxynitrite (onoo-), a potent oxidizing and nitrating species, has been linked to covalent modifications of biomolecules in a number of pathological conditions. in s. cerevisiae, a model eukaryotic cell system, onoo- was found to be more potent than hydrogen peroxide in oxidizing thiols, inducing heat shock proteins (hsp70) and enhancing the ubiquitination of proteins. as identified by microsequence analysis following immunoprecipitation with anti-nitrotyrosine antibodies, glyceraldehyde-3-pho ...	2000	10746743
identification and characterization of a novel protein from sertoli cells, pass1, that associates with mammalian small stress protein hsp27.	hsp27 is involved in development of tolerance to stress, possibly by its involvement in molecular chaperoning, maintenance of glutathione status, and/or modulation of microfilament structure and function. we hypothesize that hsp27 function depends on specific association with other proteins. to discover proteins that associate with hsp27, we made a differentiated rat sertoli cell cdna expression library and screened it using the yeast two-hybrid system. we obtained a cdna coding for a novel prot ...	2000	10751411
high-resolution crystal structure of s. cerevisiae ypt51(deltac15)-gppnhp, a small gtp-binding protein involved in regulation of endocytosis.	ypt/rab proteins are membrane-associated small gtp-binding proteins which play a central role in the coordination, activation and regulation of vesicle-mediated transport in eukaryotic cells. we present the 1.5 a high-resolution crystal structure of ypt51 in its active, gppnhp-bound conformation. ypt51 is an important regulator involved in the endocytic membrane traffic of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the structure reveals small but significant structural differences compared with h-ras p21. the ef ...	2000	10756108
specific sequence of motifs of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins.	we have searched for the exclusivity of common sequence motifs of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (ucp1, ucp2, ucp3, ucp4, bmcp1, and plant ucp [pump]) within the gene family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins. the ucp-specific sequences, "ucp signatures", were found in the first, second, and fourth alpha-helices. first: ala/ser-cys/thr/n-n/phe-ala/gly-[negatively charged residue]-n/phe-n/cys-thr-phe/n; second: gly/ala-ile/leu-gln/x-[positively charged residue]-nh-n/cys-ser/nphi/x-n/s ...	2000	10772343
pancreatic beta-cell k(atp) channel activity and membrane-binding studies with nateglinide: a comparison with sulfonylureas and repaglinide.	nateglinide (a-4166) is an amino acid derivative with insulinotrophic action in clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes. the aim of this study was to determine whether nateglinide's interaction at the k(atp) channel/sulfonylurea receptor underlies its more rapid onset and shorter duration of action in animal models. binding studies were carried out with membranes prepared from rin-m5f cells and hek-293 cells expressing recombinant human sulfonylurea receptor 1 (sur1). the relative ...	2000	10773014
nuclear receptor binding factor-2 (nrbf-2), a possible gene activator protein interacting with nuclear hormone receptors.	a protein named nuclear receptor binding factor-2 (nrbf-2) was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening, as an interaction partner of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha as well as several other nuclear receptors. nrbf-2 exhibited a gene activation function, when tethered to a heterologous dna binding domain, in both mammalian cells and yeast.	2000	10786636
p38jab1 binds to the intracellular precursor of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor and promotes its degradation.	using the c-terminal tail of the rat lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (rlhr) as "bait" in a yeast two-hybrid screen resulted in the identification of p38(jab1) (a protein initially identified as a co-activator of c-jun) as a putative rlhr binding partner. more recently p38(jab1) has been shown to promote the degradation of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and to be a component of the cop9 signalosome. microscopic localization of an epitope-tagged p38(jab1) expressed in 293 cells revealed ...	2000	10788448
electron-microscopic demonstration of multidrug resistance protein 2 (mrp2) retrieval from the canalicular membrane in response to hyperosmolarity and lipopolysaccharide.	immunohistochemical studies suggest that canalicular secretion via multidrug resistance protein 2 (mrp2), a conjugate export pump encoded by the mrp2 gene, is regulated by rapid transporter retrieval from/insertion into the canalicular membrane. the present study was undertaken in order to investigate this suggestion by means of immunogold electron microscopy. therefore the effects of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and osmolarity on mrp2 localization were studied following immunogold labelling in the ...	2000	10794730
uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 are regulated differently.	using a heterologous yeast expression system, we have previously found a marked discordance between the effects of uncoupling protein (ucp) 1 and ucp3l on basal o(2) consumption in whole yeast versus isolated mitochondria. in whole yeast, ucp3l produces a greater stimulation of basal o(2) consumption, while in isolated mitochondria, ucp1 produces a much greater effect. as shown previously and in this report, ucp3l, in contrast to ucp1, is not inhibited by purine nucleotides. in the present study ...	2000	10801335
mutational analysis of mammalian translation initiation factor 5 (eif5): role of interaction between the beta subunit of eif2 and eif5 in eif5 function in vitro and in vivo.	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eif5) interacts with the 40s initiation complex (40s-eif3-aug-met-trna(f)-eif2-gtp) to promote the hydrolysis of ribosome-bound gtp. eif5 also forms a complex with eif2 by interacting with the beta subunit of eif2. in this work, we have used a mutational approach to investigate the importance of eif5-eif2beta interaction in eif5 function. binding analyses with recombinant rat eif5 deletion mutants identified the c terminus of eif5 as the eif2beta-bindi ...	2000	10805737
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the human da41 gene and its mapping to chromosome 9q21.2-q21.3.	da41 was previously identified as one of the dan-binding proteins, via a yeast-based two-hybrid screening strategy. in the present study, we cloned a human homolog of da41 cdna. structural analysis revealed that human da41 cdna consisted of 2,861 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein of 589 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 62.4kda. human da41 exhibited an 86% amino acid sequence identity to rat da41, indicating the evolutionarily conserved structure and function of da41. a d ...	2000	10807547
hrs interacts with snap-25 and regulates ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis.	synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kda (snap-25) is a neuronal membrane protein essential for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. to investigate the mechanisms by which snap-25 mediates neurosecretion, we performed a search for proteins that interact with snap-25 using a yeast two-hybrid screen. here, we report the isolation and characterization of a snap-25-interacting protein that is the rat homologue of mouse hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (hrs). hrs specifically inte ...	2000	10825299
inhibitory effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives on rat cytochrome p4501a1-dependent monooxygenase activity in recombinant yeast microsomes.	we reported previously that various naphthoquinone derivatives inhibited cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenase of liver and placenta microsomes [muto, n. et al. (1987) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 146, 487-494]. to understand the complex inhibitory behaviors that were observed, it is desirable to study the relationship between structure and inhibitory activity of naphthoquinones in a simplified system containing a single p450 species. in the present study, the inhibitory effects of six deriv ...	2000	10833272
structure/function of the human ga1beta1,3-glucuronosyltransferase. dimerization and functional activity are mediated by two crucial cysteine residues.	galbeta1,3-glucuronosyltransferase (glcat-i) that catalyzes the transfer of a glucuronic acid residue onto the trisaccharide primer of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region plays an essential role in the early steps of the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. in order to gain insight into the structure/function of the enzyme, the human recombinant glcat-i was successfully expressed in the yeast pichia pastoris, with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kda. analysis of the electrophoretic mobi ...	2000	10842173
interaction of the postsynaptic density-95/guanylate kinase domain-associated protein complex with a light chain of myosin-v and dynein.	nmda receptors interact directly with postsynaptic density-95 (psd-95), a scaffold protein that organizes a cytoskeletal- signaling complex at the postsynaptic membrane. the molecular mechanism by which the psd-95-based protein complex is trafficked to the postsynaptic site is unknown but presumably involves specific motor proteins. here we demonstrate a direct interaction between the psd-95-associated protein guanylate kinase domain-associated protein (gkap) and dynein light chain (dlc), a ligh ...	2000	10844022
lens injury stimulates axon regeneration in the mature rat optic nerve.	in mature mammals, retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) are unable to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, and they soon undergo apoptotic cell death. however, a small puncture wound to the lens enhances rgc survival and enables these cells to regenerate their axons into the normally inhibitory environment of the optic nerve. even when the optic nerve is intact, lens injury stimulates macrophage infiltration into the eye, müller cell activation, and increased gap-43 expression in ganglion c ...	2000	10844031
the peroxin pex3p initiates membrane assembly in peroxisome biogenesis.	rat cdna encoding a 372-amino-acid peroxin was isolated, primarily by functional complementation screening, using a peroxisome-deficient chinese hamster ovary cell mutant, zpg208, of complementation group 17. the deduced primary sequence showed approximately 25% amino acid identity with the yeast pex3p, thereby we termed this cdna rat pex3 (rnpex3). human and chinese hamster pex3p showed 96 and 94% identity to rat pex3p and had 373 amino acids. pex3p was characterized as an integral membrane pro ...	2000	10848631
regulation of creb by moderate hypoxia in pc12 cells.	the mechanisms by which excitable cells adapt and respond to changes in o2 levels remain largely unknown. we have investigated the effect of hypoxia on the cyclic amp response element binding protein (creb) transcription factor. pc12 cells were exposed to moderate levels of hypoxia (5% o2) for various times between 20 min and 6 hr. we found that hypoxia rapidly and persistently induced ser133 phosphorylation of creb. this effect was more robust than that produced by exposing pc12 cells to either ...	2000	10849656
interaction of hclim1, an enigma family protein, with alpha-actinin 2.	enigma proteins are proteins that possess a pdz domain at the amino terminal and one to three lim domains at the carboxyl terminal. they are cytoplasmic proteins that are involved with the cytoskeleton and signal transduction pathway. by virtue of the two protein interacting domains, they are capable of protein-protein interactions. here we report a study on a human enigma protein hclim1, in particular. our study describes the interaction of the human 36 kda carboxyl terminal lim domain protein ...	2000	10861853
diffusion mri detects early events in the response of a glioma model to the yeast cytosine deaminase gene therapy strategy.	detection of a therapeutic response early in the course of cancer treatment, before tumor growth delay or regression, is not currently possible in experimental models or clinical medicine. new interim measures of therapeutic response would be particularly useful in the development of cancer chemosensitization gene therapy by facilitating optimization of gene transfer protocols and prodrug dosing schedules. diffusion mri is a sensitive technique producing quantitative and noninvasive images of th ...	2000	10871748
an atpase/helicase complex is an essential cofactor for oncogenic transformation by c-myc.	the c-myc transactivation domain was used to affinity purify tightly associated nuclear proteins. two of these proteins were identified as tip49 and a novel related protein called tip48, both of which are highly conserved in evolution and contain atpase/helicase motifs. tip49 and tip48 are complexed with c-myc in vivo, and binding is dependent on a c-myc domain essential for oncogenic activity. a missense mutation in the tip49 atpase motif acts as a dominant inhibitor of c-myc oncogenic activity ...	2000	10882073
functional characterization of a mammalian sac1 and mutants exhibiting substrate-specific defects in phosphoinositide phosphatase activity.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae sac1 gene was identified via independent analyses of mutations that modulate yeast actin function and alleviate the essential requirement for phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (sec14p) activity in golgi secretory function. the sac1 gene product (sac1p) is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi complex. sac1p shares primary sequence homology with a subfamily of cytosolic/peripheral membrane phosphoinositide phosphatases, the synapt ...	2000	10887188
chemical speciation influences comparative activity of selenium-enriched garlic and yeast in mammary cancer prevention.	a recent human intervention trial showed that daily supplementation with selenized yeast (se-yeast) led to a decrease in the overall cancer morbidity and mortality by nearly 50%; past research has also demonstrated that selenized garlic (se-garlic) is very effective in mammary cancer chemoprevention in the rat model. the goal of this study was to compare certain biological activities of se-garlic and se-yeast and to elucidate the differences based on the chemical forms of selenium found in these ...	2000	10888499
cloning and expression of a cdna coding for catalase from zebrafish (danio rerio).	a full-length complementary dna (cdna) clone encoding a catalase was amplified by the rapid amplication of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr) technique from zebrafish (danio rerio) mrna. nucleotide sequence analysis of this cdna clone revealed that it comprised a complete open reading frame coding for 526 amino acid residues and that it had a molecular mass of 59 654 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity with the sequences of catalase from swine (86.9%), mouse (8 ...	2000	10888504
rab1 recruitment of p115 into a cis-snare complex: programming budding copii vesicles for fusion.	the guanosine triphosphatase rab1 regulates the transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus through interaction with effector molecules, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. here, the tethering factor p115 was shown to be a rab1 effector that binds directly to activated rab1. rab1 recruited p115 to coat protein complex ii (copii) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacted with a select se ...	2000	10903204
transcriptional activation function of zinc finger protein tis11 and its negative regulation by phorbol ester.	tis11, a ccch zinc finger protein, is one of the typical growth factor-inducible nuclear proteins. we found that tis11 possesses the potential to activate transcription when fused to the gal4 dna binding domain and transiently cotransfected into rat pheochromocytoma pc12 cells along with a gal4-responsive luciferase reporter gene. the study with deletion mutants of tis11 revealed that the major transactivation region is located at the n-terminal 101 amino acid residues and that the remaining cen ...	2000	10913371
morphogenesis in aspergillus nidulans requires dopey (dopa), a member of a novel family of leucine zipper-like proteins conserved from yeast to humans.	dopa is the founding member of a novel protein family required for correct cell morphology and spatiotemporal organization of multicellular structures in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. dopa homologues from saccharomyces cerevisiae (dop1), candida albicans, caenorhabditis elegans, rattus norvegicus and homo sapiens have been identified from genome sequencing projects. s. cerevisiae dop1 is essential for viability and, like dopa, affects cellular morphogenesis. dopa encodes a large p ...	2000	10931277
abc50 interacts with eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and associates with the ribosome in an atp-dependent manner.	eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2) plays a key role in the process of translation initiation and in its control. here we demonstrate that highly purified mammalian eif2 contains an additional polypeptide of apparent molecular mass of 110 kda. this polypeptide co-purified with eif2 through five different chromatography procedures. a cdna clone encoding the polypeptide was isolated, and its sequence closely matched that of a protein previously termed abc50, a member of the atp-binding cassette ...	2000	10931828
prmt3 is a distinct member of the protein arginine n-methyltransferase family. conferral of substrate specificity by a zinc-finger domain.	s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent protein arginine n-methyltransferases (prmts) catalyze the methylation of arginine residues within a variety of proteins. at least four distinct mammalian family members have now been described, including prmt1, prmt3, carm1/prmt4, and jbp1/prmt5. to more fully define the physiological role of prmt3, we characterized its unique putative zinc-finger domain and how it can affect its enzymatic activity. here we show that prmt3 does contain a single zinc-finger doma ...	2000	10931850
mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in energy expenditure.	four recently discovered homologues of the brown adipose tissue-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein (ucp1) vary from 29% to 58% in their similarity to ucp1. although these homologues share important structural features with ucp1 and like ucp1 can reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential when expressed in yeast, there is no clear evidence that they can function thermogenically in vivo. on the other hand, evidence continues to accumulate indicating that the up-regulation of ucp1 reduces e ...	2000	10940338
dik, a novel protein kinase that interacts with protein kinase cdelta. cloning, characterization, and gene analysis.	a novel serine/threonine kinase, termed dik, was cloned using the yeast two-hybrid system to screen a cdna library from the human keratinocyte cell line hacat with the catalytic domain of rat protein kinase cdelta (pkcdelta(cat)) cdna as bait. the predicted 784-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 86 kda contains a catalytic kinase domain and a putative regulatory domain with ankyrin-like repeats and a nuclear localization signal. expression of dik at the mrna and protein l ...	2000	10948194
positive- and negative-acting kruppel-like transcription factors bind a transforming growth factor beta control element required for expression of the smooth muscle cell differentiation marker sm22alpha in vivo.	transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) is implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (smc) differentiation. we previously identified a novel tgf-beta control element (tce) in the promoters of smc differentiation marker genes, including alpha-smooth muscle actin and sm22alpha. in this study, the importance of the tce in regulation of sm22alpha gene expression in vivo was investigated by mutating it within the context of a mouse sm22alpha promoter-lacz transgenic construct. mutation of ...	2000	10954723
the g protein-coupled receptor cl1 interacts directly with proteins of the shank family.	pdz domains play a pivotal role in the synaptic localization of ion channels, receptors, signaling enzymes, and cell adhesion molecules. these domains mediate protein-protein interactions via the recognition of a conserved sequence motif at the extreme c terminus of their target proteins. by means of a yeast two-hybrid screen using the c terminus of the g protein-coupled alpha-latrotoxin receptor cl1 as bait, three pdz domain proteins of the shank family were identified. these proteins belong to ...	2000	10958799
expression of recombinant human type i-iii collagens in the yeast pichia pastoris.	an efficient expression system for recombinant human collagens will have numerous scientific and medical applications. however, most recombinant systems are unsuitable for this purpose, as they do not have sufficient prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity. we have developed methods for producing the three major fibril-forming human collagens, types i, ii and iii, in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. these methods are based on co-expression of procollagen polypeptide chains with the alpha- and bet ...	2000	10961918
the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases and the apurinic/apyrimidinic base excision repair endonucleases share a common mechanism for catalysis.	inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5-phosphatase) hydrolyze the 5-position phosphate from the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol-derived signaling molecules; however, the mechanism of catalysis is only partially characterized. these enzymes play critical roles in regulating cell growth, apoptosis, intracellular calcium oscillations, and post-synaptic vesicular trafficking. the ucla fold recognition server (threader) predicted that the conserved 300-amino acid catalytic domain, common to a ...	2000	10962003
cbln3, a novel member of the precerebellin family that binds specifically to cbln1.	precerebellin (cbln1) is the precursor of the brain-specific hexadecapeptide cerebellin. although cerebellin has properties of a conventional neuropeptide, its function is controversial because cbln1 has structural features characteristic of circulating atypical collagens. cbln1 is related to the three subunits of the complement c1q complex. therefore, we hypothesized that cbln1 participated in analogous heteromeric complexes with precerebellin-related proteins. using lexa-cbln1 as bait in a yea ...	2000	10964938
characterization of tcl, a new gtpase of the rho family related to tc10 andccdc42.	gtpases of the rho family control a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell morphology, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. we report here the characterization of a new rho member, which shares 85% and 78% amino acid similarity to tc10 and cdc42, respectively. this gtpase, termed as tc10-like (tcl) is encoded by an unexpectedly large locus, made of five exons spanning over 85 kilobases on human chromosome 14. tcl mrna is 2.5 kilobases long and is mainly expressed in ...	2000	10967094
endogenous ethanol 'auto-brewery syndrome' as a drunk-driving defence challenge.	the concentration of ethanol in blood, breath or urine constitutes important evidence for prosecuting drunk drivers. for various reasons, the reliability of the results of forensic alcohol analysis are often challenged by the defence. one such argument for acquittal concerns the notion that alcohol could be produced naturally in the body, hence the term 'auto-brewery' syndrome. although yeasts such as candida albicans readily produce ethanol in-vitro, whether this happens to any measurable exten ...	2000	10976182
uncl, the mammalian homologue of unc-50, is an inner nuclear membrane rna-binding protein.	we isolated a mammalian homologue of the c. elegans gene unc-50 that we have named uncl. the 777 kb rat uncl cdna encodes a 259 amino acid protein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues with highest mrna levels in brain, kidney and testis. hydropathy plot analysis and in vitro translation experiments with microsomal membranes indicate that uncl is a transmembrane protein. hemagglutinin tagged uncl was stably transfected into saos-2 osteosarcoma cells and exhibited a nuclear rim staining ...	2000	10980252
organic vanadium chelators potentiate vanadium-evoked glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo: establishing criteria for optimal chelators.	several ligands, when complexed with vanadium, potentiate its insulinomimetic activity both in vivo and in vitro. we have recently found that l-glu-gamma-monohydroxamate (hxm) and l-asp(beta)hxm were especially potent in this regard. in the present study, we used vanadium-enriched adipose cells and cell-free experimental systems to determine the features of l-glu(gamma)hxm and l-asp(beta)hxm that turn these ligands into optimal-synergizing vanadium chelators. we found that l-glu(gamma)hxm and l- ...	2000	10999943
kinase signaling initiates coat complex ii (copii) recruitment and export from the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum.	the events regulating coat complex ii (copii) vesicle formation involved in the export of cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) are unknown. copii recruitment to membranes is initiated by the activation of the small gtpase sar1. we have utilized purified copii components in both membrane recruitment and cargo export assays to analyze the possible role of kinase regulation in er export. we now demonstrate that sar1 recruitment to membranes requires atp. we find that the serine/threonine kinas ...	2000	11001944
the peroxisome biogenesis factors pex4p, pex22p, pex1p, and pex6p act in the terminal steps of peroxisomal matrix protein import.	peroxisomes are independent organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells. genetic studies have identified more than 20 pex genes that are required for peroxisome biogenesis. the role of most pex gene products, peroxins, remains to be determined, but a variety of studies have established that pex5p binds the type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal and is the import receptor for most newly synthesized peroxisomal matrix proteins. the steady-state abundance of pex5p is unaffected in most pex muta ...	2000	11003648
mmf1p, a novel yeast mitochondrial protein conserved throughout evolution and involved in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome.	a novel protein family (p14.5, or yero57c/yjgfc) highly conserved throughout evolution has recently been identified. the biological role of these proteins is not yet well characterized. two members of the p14.5 family are present in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study, we have characterized some of the biological functions of the two yeast proteins. mmf1p is a mitochondrial matrix factor, and homologous mmf1p factor (hmf1p) copurifies with the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. deltammf ...	2000	11003673
biphasic kinetic behavior of rat cytochrome p-4501a1-dependent monooxygenation in recombinant yeast microsomes.	rat cytochrome p-4501a1-dependent monooxygenase activities were examined in detail using recombinant yeast microsomes containing rat cytochrome p-4501a1 and yeast nadph-p-450 reductase. on 7-ethoxycoumarin, which is one of the most popular substrates of p-4501a1, the relationship between the initial velocity (v) and the substrate concentration ([s]) exhibited non-linear michaelis-menten kinetics. hanes-woolf plots ([s]/v vs. [s]) clearly showed a biphasic kinetic behavior. aminopyrine n-demethyl ...	2000	11018717
two-step processing of human frataxin by mitochondrial processing peptidase. precursor and intermediate forms are cleaved at different rates.	we showed previously that maturation of the human frataxin precursor (p-fxn) involves two cleavages by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (mpp). this observation was not confirmed by another group, however, who reported only one cleavage. here, we demonstrate conclusively that mpp cleaves p-fxn in two sequential steps, yielding a 18,826-da intermediate (i-fxn) and a 17,255-da mature (m-fxn) form, the latter corresponding to endogenous frataxin in human tissues. the two cleavages occur betwee ...	2000	11020385
liver resistance to ccl(4)-induced injury after stimulation of macrophages with various preparations.	acute toxic hepatitis in male wistar rats was produced by single injection of 40% ccl(4) (0.2 ml per 100 g body weight in oil). pretreatment with various immunostimulators (bacterial polysaccharides prodigiozan and salmozan; yeast polysaccharides zymosan, peptidoglycan, and mannan; and hydrolytic enzyme egg lysozyme) produced a hepatoprotective effect correlating which the stimulatory influence on macrophages and increasing in the following order: mannan<peptidoglycan<zymosan<lysozyme<salmozan<p ...	2000	11022238
inhibition by etomoxir of rat liver carnitine octanoyltransferase is produced through the co-ordinate interaction with two histidine residues.	rat peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase (cot), which facilitates the transport of medium-chain fatty acids through the peroxisomal membrane, is irreversibly inhibited by the hypoglycaemia-inducing drug etomoxir. to identify the molecular basis of this inhibition, cdnas encoding full-length wild-type cot, two different variant point mutants and one variant double mutant from rat peroxisomal cot were expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism devoid of endogenous cot activity. the re ...	2000	11023836
chimeric proteins between ucp1 and ucp3: the middle third of ucp1 is necessary and sufficient for activation by fatty acids.	uncoupling protein (ucp) 1 and ucp3 are mitochondrial inner membrane proteins which both mediate proton leak and thus decrease the mitochondrial transmembrane proton gradient. however, ucp1 and ucp3 differ in their biochemical regulation. ucp1 is activated by free fatty acids and inhibited by purine nucleotides. using heterologous expression studies in yeast, ucp3 was found to lack both fatty acid activation and purine nucleotide inhibition. to assess which domains are responsible for the regula ...	2000	11027525
identification of a novel saturable endoplasmic reticulum localization mechanism mediated by the c-terminus of a dictyostelium protein disulfide isomerase.	localization of soluble endoplasmic reticulum (er) resident proteins is likely achieved by the complementary action of retrieval and retention mechanisms. whereas the machinery involving the h/kdel and related retrieval signals in targeting escapees back to the er is well characterized, other mechanisms including retention are still poorly understood. we have identified a protein disulfide isomerase (dd-pdi) lacking the hdel retrieval signal normally found at the c terminus of er residents in di ...	2000	11029049
the peroxin pex14p. cdna cloning by functional complementation on a chinese hamster ovary cell mutant, characterization, and functional analysis.	rat cdna encoding a 376-amino acid peroxin was isolated by functional complementation of a peroxisome-deficient chinese hamster ovary cell mutant, zp110, of complementation group 14 (cg14). the primary sequence showed 28 and 24% amino acid identity with the yeast pex14p from hansenula polymorpha and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively; therefore, we termed this cdna rat pex14 (rnpex14). human and chinese hamster pex14p showed 96 and 94% identity to rat pex14p, except that both pex14p comprise ...	1999	10212238
pdk1 acquires pdk2 activity in the presence of a synthetic peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of prk2.	protein kinase b (pkb) is activated by phosphorylation of thr308 and of ser473. thr308 is phosphorylated by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk1) but the identity of the kinase that phosphorylates ser473 (provisionally termed pdk2) is unknown.	1999	10226025
the mouse major histocompatibility complex: some assembly required.	we have assembled a contig of 81 yeast artificial chromosome clones that spans 8 mb and contains the entire major histocompatibility complex (mhc) from mouse strain c57bl/6 (h2b), and we are in the process of assembling an mhc contig of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones from strain 129 (h2bc), which differs from c57bl/6 in the h2-q and h2-t regions. the current bac contig extends from tapasin to d17leh89 with gaps in the class ii, h2-q, and distal h2-m regions. only four bac clones we ...	1999	10319263
lipocortin v may function as a signaling protein for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/flk-1.	binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) to its receptor, vegfr-2 (flk-1/kdr), induces dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor, resulting in autophosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosine residues used as docking sites for signaling proteins that relay the signals for cell proliferation, migration, and permeability enhancement. we explored the vegf/receptor signaling pathway by performing a two-hybrid screen of a rat lung cdna library in yeast using the ...	1999	10329451
dietary selenium reduces the formation of aberrant crypts in rats administered 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl.	human epidemiologic studies suggest that low selenium status is associated with increased cancer risk and that selenium supplementation is associated with reduction in the incidence of several cancers, including colorectal cancer. aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens are thought to be important in the etiology of human colorectal cancer, but no information is available on the effects of selenium on aromatic amine-induced colon cancer. in order to investigate this effect, aberrant crypt fo ...	1999	10329505
role of acylcoa binding protein in acylcoa transport, metabolism and cell signaling.	long chain acylcoa esters (lcas) act both as substrates and intermediates in intermediary metabolism and as regulators in various intracellular functions. acylcoa binding protein (acbp) binds lcas with high affinity and is believed to play an important role in intracellular acylcoa transport and pool formation and therefore also for the function of lcas as metabolites and regulators of cellular functions [1]. the major factors controlling the free concentration of cytosol long chain acylcoa este ...	1999	10331663
t-star/etoile: a novel relative of sam68 that interacts with an rna-binding protein implicated in spermatogenesis.	rbm is an rna-binding protein encoded on the y chromosome in mammals and is expressed only in the nuclei of male germ cells. genetic evidence from infertile men implicates it in spermatogenesis, but its function is unknown. of a number of potential partners for rbm identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen with testis cdna, the most frequent isolates encoded a novel rna-binding protein, termed t-star, that is closely related to sam68, an src-associated protein of unknown function. the mouse homolo ...	1999	10332027
glucuronidation of the environmental oestrogen bisphenol a by an isoform of udp-glucuronosyltransferase, ugt2b1, in the rat liver.	bisphenol a, an environmental oestrogenic chemical, was found to conjugate highly with glucuronic acid in male rat liver microsomes studied in vitro. in the various isoforms tested (1a1, 1a3, 1a5, 1a6, 1a7 and 2b1), glucuronidation of bisphenol a and of diethylstilboestrol, a synthetic crystalline compound possessing oestrogenic activity and known to be glucuronidated by liver microsomes, was catalysed by an isoform of udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt), namely ugt2b1, which glucuronidates some e ...	1999	10333482
signal presequences increase mitochondrial permeability and open the multiple conductance channel.	we have reported that the signal presequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit iv from neurospora crassa increases the permeability of isolated rat liver mitochondria [p. m. sokolove and k. w. kinnally (1996) arch. biochem. biophys. 336, 69] and regulates the behavior of the mutiple conductance channel (mcc) of yeast inner mitochondrial membrane [t. a. lohret and k. w. kinnally (1995) j. biol. chem. 270, 15950]. here we examine in greater detail the action of a number of mitochondrial presequences f ...	1999	10334870
amino-terminal region of secreted form of amyloid precursor protein stimulates proliferation of neural stem cells.	beta-amyloid precursor protein (app) has been reported to be expressed in the cns from the early stages of development. however, the functional role of app during early development remains unclear. in the present study, we found that the secreted form of app (sapp) significantly enhanced proliferation of neural stem cells. cells were prepared from 13-day embryonic rat neocortex, which was dissected with a pasteur pipette to make cell clusters. after 12 h of cultivation in the medium without seru ...	1999	10336659
the klpmr1 gene of kluyveromyces lactis encodes for a p-type ca(2+)-atpase.	a novel p-type ca(2+)-atpase gene has been cloned and sequenced in the yeast kluyveromyces lactis. the gene has been named klpmr1 and is localized on chromosome i. the putative gene product contains 936 residues and has a calculated molecular weight of 102,437 da. analysis of deduced amino acid sequence (klpmr1p) indicated that the encoded protein retains all the highly conserved domains characterizing the p-type atpases. klpmr1p shares 71% amino acid identity with pmr1p of s. cerevisiae, 62% wi ...	1999	10341422
heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae of an arabidopsis thaliana cdna encoding mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase.	sequence comparison with the mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (mvd) amino acid sequence of saccharomyces cerevisiae identified an est clone corresponding to a cdna that may encode arabidopsis thaliana mvd (atmvd1). this enzyme catalyses the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, the building block of sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis, and uses mevalonate diphosphate as a substrate. sequencing of the full-length cdna was performed. the predicted amino acid sequence presents about 55% identity ...	1999	10344201
genetic analysis of cytochrome b5 from arachidonic acid-producing fungus, mortierella alpina 1s-4: cloning, rna editing and expression of the gene in escherichia coli, and purification and characterization of the gene product.	information on the amino acid sequences of the internal peptide fragments of cytochrome b5 from mortierella hygrophila was used to prepare synthetic oligonucleotides as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. a 100-base dna fragment was thus amplified, by using a genomic gene from mortierella alpina 1s-4 as a template, which produced polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. the amplified dna fragment was used as the probe to clone both a 523-base cdna fragment and a 2.1-kilobase ...	1999	10348912
an example of intron junctional sliding in the gene families encoding squalene monooxygenase homologues in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus.	sequences of three arabidopsis thaliana and two brassica napus cdnas encoding squalene monooxygenase homologues (sqp1 and sqp2) are reported. southern analysis confirmed that these cdnas are derived from small gene families in both species. expression analysis indicates that sqp1 genes in b. napus are strongly expressed in leaves but not roots or developing seeds. comparison of cdna and genomic sequences indicate that the 3' splice site of an intron in these genes has undergone junctional slidin ...	1999	10350086
tandem mass spectrometry of alcohol dehydrogenase and related biomolecules.		1999	10352699
rnase treatment of yeast and mammalian cell extracts affects in vitro substrate methylation by type i protein arginine n-methyltransferases.	type i protein arginine n-methyltransferases catalyze the formation of omega-ng-monomethylarginine and asymmetric omega-ng, ng-dimethylarginine residues using s-adenosyl-l-methionine as the methyl donor. in vitro these enzymes can modify a number of soluble methyl-accepting substrates in yeast and mammalian cell extracts including several species that interact with rna. we treated normal and hypomethylated saccharomyces cerevisiae and rat1 cell extracts with rnase prior to in vitro methylation b ...	1999	10362520
x-linked dyskeratosis congenita is predominantly caused by missense mutations in the dkc1 gene.	dyskeratosis congenita is a rare inherited bone marrow-failure syndrome characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. more than 80% of patients develop bone-marrow failure, and this is the major cause of premature death. the x-linked form of the disease (mim 305000) has been shown to be caused by mutations in the dkc1 gene. the gene encodes a 514-amino-acid protein, dyskerin, that is homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae cbf5p and rat nap57 proteins. by a ...	1999	10364516
dominant negative murine serum response factor: alternative splicing within the activation domain inhibits transactivation of serum response factor binding targets.	primary transcripts encoding the mads box superfamily of proteins, such as mef2 in animals and zema in plants, are alternatively spliced, producing several isoformic species. we show here that murine serum response factor (srf) primary rna transcripts are alternatively spliced at the fifth exon, deleting approximately one-third of the c-terminal activation domain. among the different muscle types examined, visceral smooth muscles have a very low ratio of srfdelta5 to srf. increased levels of srf ...	1999	10373507
cloning and functional expression of a cdna encoding a metabolic acyl-coa delta 9-desaturase of the cabbage looper moth, trichoplusia ni.	acyl-coa delta 9-desaturases play essential roles in fatty acid metabolism and the regulation of cell membrane fluidity. in this research, a cdna sequence was obtained from trichoplusia ni adult fat body mrna by using rt-pcr with degenerate primers based on other characterized delta 9-desaturase sequences. the remainder of the sequence was amplified using 3'- and 5'-race. a 1439 bp cdna reconstructed from three overlapping pcr products contains an orf encoding a 353-amino acids (aa) protein that ...	1999	10380655
edg-2 in myelin-forming cells: isoforms, genomic mapping, and exclusion in charcot-marie-tooth disease.	edg-2 is an heptahelical receptor whose spatio-temporal distribution during rat brain development is consistent with a role in the control of myelination. we have now identified two splice variants of edg-2 mrna in rat brain that encode two receptor isoforms differing by a stretch of 18 amino acids in the nh2-terminal extracellular tail of the receptor. prenatally (i.e., before oligodendrocyte myelination), the two variants detected by selective in situ hybridization are equally abundant, vary i ...	1999	10384882
highly divergent amino termini of the homologous human alr and yeast scerv1 gene products define species specific differences in cellular localization.	the yeast scerv1 gene product is involved in the biogenesis of mitochondria and is indispensable for viability and regulation of the cell cycle. recently the general importance of this gene for the eukaryotic cell was shown by the identification of a structural and functional human homologue. the homologous mammalian alr (augmenter of liver regeneration) genes from man, mouse and rat are involved in the phenomenon of liver regeneration. a low expression rate of the genes is found in all investig ...	1999	10384986
drosophila roadblock and chlamydomonas lc7: a conserved family of dynein-associated proteins involved in axonal transport, flagellar motility, and mitosis.	eukaryotic organisms utilize microtubule-dependent motors of the kinesin and dynein superfamilies to generate intracellular movement. to identify new genes involved in the regulation of axonal transport in drosophila melanogaster, we undertook a screen based upon the sluggish larval phenotype of known motor mutants. one of the mutants identified in this screen, roadblock (robl), exhibits diverse defects in intracellular transport including axonal transport and mitosis. these defects include intr ...	1999	10402468
bcr binds to the xeroderma pigmentosum group b protein.	the bcr gene is involved in the formation of the bcr-abl oncogene responsible for the pathogenesis of philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemias. we have previously shown that p210 bcr-abl binds to the xeroderma pigmentosum group b protein (xpb) through the portion of bcr that is homologous to the catalytic domain of gdp-gtp exchangers such as yeast cdc24 and dbl. in the baculovirus overexpression system which facilitates binding of coexpressed proteins, we now show that xpb binds to the i ...	1999	10403766
interaction of the alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor with gc1q-r, a multifunctional protein.	gc1q-r, a multifunctional protein, was found to bind with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the alpha(1b)-adrenergic receptor (173 amino acids, amino acids 344-516) in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a cdna library prepared from the rat liver. in a series of studies with deletion mutants in this region, the ten arginine-rich amino acids (amino acids 369-378) were identified as the site of interaction. the interaction was confirmed by specific co-immunoprecipitation of gc1q-r with full-len ...	1999	10409668
cell differentiation increases astrocyte phagocytic activity. a quantitative analysis of both gfap labeling and pas-stained yeast cells.	since efficiency of phagocytic potential in activated astrocytes is still a subject of controversy, an attempt was made to quantify simultaneously phagocytic activity and astrocyte differentiation. resorting to junin virus, known to induce astrocyte activation, infected vs control samples of cultured rat astroglial cells were serially harvested up to day 12 post-inoculation (pi), and subjected to a triple staining procedure consisting in immunoperoxidase labeling of gfap, periodic acid-schiff (p ...	1999	10413896
avirulence of candida albicans cahk1 mutants in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis.	deletion of both alleles of the candida albicans cahk1 gene, which causes cells to flocculate when grown at ph 7.5, a ph comparable to that of mammalian blood, abolishes the ability of the yeast to establish a successful infection in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. within 72 h all mice inoculated with the parental c. albicans strain had died. the mice infected with either the heterozygote or revertant strain, either of which harbors only one functional cahk1 allele, al ...	1999	10417206
aps, an adapter protein with a ph and sh2 domain, is a substrate for the insulin receptor kinase.	aps (adapter protein with a ph and sh2 domain) is the newest member of a family of tyrosine kinase adapter proteins including sh2-b and lnk. we previously identified sh2-b as an insulin-receptor-binding protein and substrate [kotani, wilden and pillay (1998) biochem j. 335, 103-109]. here we show that aps interacts with the insulin receptor kinase activation loop through its sh2 domain and insulin stimulates the tyrosine-phosphorylation of aps. furthermore, the phosphorylation of activation-loop ...	1999	10417330
characterization of a multicopy family of genes encoding a surface-expressed serine endoprotease in rat pneumocystis carinii.	a unique family of genes encoding serine endoproteases related to the saccharomyces cerevisiae serine endoprotease kexin was identified in pneumocystis carinii. unlike previously described serine endoprotease genes that are single copies, multiple copies of the p. carinii serine endoprotease are distributed throughout the genome. the proteins predicted by these variant genes demonstrate sequence variability, but they retain the conserved active sites associated with endoprotease activity. the se ...	1999	10417743
involvement of crm1, a nuclear export receptor, in mrna export in mammalian cells and fission yeast.	crm1, an evolutionarily conserved protein, was shown to be a receptor for leucine-rich nuclear export signal (nes)-dependent protein transport. in lower eukaryotes crm1 is reported to be required for the export of mrna, however, involvement of the nes-dependent transport pathway in mrna export in higher eukaryotes has not been established.	1999	10421839
differential changes in alpha2-macroglobulin and hemopexin in brain and liver in response to acute inflammation.	changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) proteins following generalized acute inflammation induced by fermented yeast in the rat was examined by concanavalin a-blotting, immunoblotting, and radioimmunoassay. using alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2-m) and hemopexin (hpx) as marker proteins, the concentration alpha2-m was found to increase in serum and csf by 150- and 5-fold, respectively, whereas the concentration of hpx increased by about 4-fold in both fluids following yeast-induced inflammati ...	1999	10424910
synthesis of furanonaphthoquinones with hydroxyamino side chains.	several furanonaphthoquinones have shown useful activity in a yeast assay for dna-damaging agents and cytotoxicity in mammalian cell culture assays. these results, together with the planar aromatic character of the furanonaphthoquinones, suggested that they might be acting as dna intercalators. in an attempt to improve this activity, various analogues containing a hydroxyamino side chain have been synthesized. the analogues were prepared by standard methods, but some unexpected reactions were ob ...	1999	10425117
new applications of low-c0tdna as a dna fingerprint probe.	new applications of low-c0t dna are reported as probes for genetic identification and genome characterization. these fast and intermediately reannealing fractions have sometimes either been discarded in genomic library construction to enhance the probability of finding single copy genes, or they are used as resources for identifying individual repetitive sequences. in addition, they are used as blockers to enhance hybridization signals. c0t-1 dna serves as a probe for dna fingerprinting of human ...	1999	10435445
mammalian chk2 is a downstream effector of the atm-dependent dna damage checkpoint pathway.	in response to dna damage and replication blocks, cells activate pathways that arrest the cell cycle and induce the transcription of genes that facilitate repair. in mammals, atm (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase together with other checkpoint kinases are important components in this response. we have cloned the rat and human homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad 53 and schizosaccharomyces pombe cds1, called checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2). complementation studies suggest that chk2 can partia ...	1999	10435585
expression of human papillomavirus 16 e2 protein in schizosaccharomyces pombe delays the initiation of mitosis.	infection by some types of human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with the development of cervical cancer. analysis of viral dna from cervical tumours shows that the e2 gene is frequently disrupted during integration into the host cell's dna. it has therefore been suggested that loss of e2p is an important step in malignant transformation. expression of e2p in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe retards the g2-m transition, by delaying activation of cdc2p kinase. in contrast, s phase p ...	1999	10435625
exo84p is an exocyst protein essential for secretion.	the exocyst is a multiprotein complex that plays an important role in secretory vesicle targeting and docking at the plasma membrane. here we report the identification and characterization of a new component of the exocyst, exo84p, in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. yeast cells depleted of exo84p cannot survive. these cells are defective in invertase secretion and accumulate vesicles similar to those in the late sec mutants. exo84p co-immunoprecipitates with the exocyst components, and a por ...	1999	10438536
aberrant interactions of transcriptional repressor proteins with the huntington's disease gene product, huntingtin.	we detected an interaction of the n-terminus of huntingtin (htt171) with the c-terminal region of the nuclear receptor co-repressor (n-cor) using the yeast two-hybrid system. this interaction was repeat length dependent and specific to htt171; the co-repressor did not interact with the repeat carrying a section of atrophin 1 nor with the androgen receptor or polyglutamine alone. the interaction was confirmed using his-tagged escherichia coli -expressed c-terminal human and rat co-repressor prote ...	1999	10441327
the significance and mechanism of mitochondrial proton conductance.	there is a futile cycle of pump and leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. the contribution of the proton cycle to standard metabolic rate is significant, particularly in skeletal muscle, and it accounts for 20% or more of the resting respiration of a rat. the mechanism of the proton leak is uncertain: basal proton conductance is not a simple biophysical leak across the unmodified phospholipid bilayer. equally, the evidence that it is catalysed by homologues of the brown adipos ...	1999	10454114
competitive interaction of seven in absentia homolog-1a and ca2+/calmodulin with the cytoplasmic tail of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors.	group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglur1 and mglur5) are coupled to inositol trisphosphate/ca2+ signaling via g proteins and play an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. to explore the regulation of group 1 mglur function, we applied the yeast two-hybrid system using the intracellular carboxy-terminal domain of group 1 mglurs (group 1 ct-mglurs) and attempted to identify novel protein-protein interactions of group 1 mglurs.	1999	10469171
export pumps for anionic conjugates encoded by mrp genes.	several members of the multidrug resistance protein (mrp) family mediate the atp-dependent transport of amphiphilic anions across membranes. the substrate specificity of recombinant human mrp1 has been most extensively defined by use of inside-out membrane vesicles. substrates include the glutathione s-conjugate leukotriene c4, 17 beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, glucuronosyl bilirubin, glutathione disulfide, in addition to the fluorescent lipophilic anion fluo-3. these substances are also substrate ...	1999	10470375
human very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase and two human homologs: initial characterization and relationship to fatty acid transport protein.	several human genes with a high degree of homology to rat very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase (rvlcs) and mouse fatty acid transport protein (mfatp) were identified. full-length cdna clones were obtained for three genes, and predicted amino acid sequences were generated. initial characterization indicated that one gene was most likely hvlcs, the human ortholog of rvlcs. the other two (hvlcs-h1 and hvlcs-h2) were more closely related to rvlcs than to mfatp. phylogenetic analysis of amino acid seq ...	1999	10471116