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expression and purification of natural n-terminal recombinant bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor from pichia pastoris.bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) is a natural non-specific serine protease inhibitor and possesses the ability to inhibit trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin and plasma kallikrein. the expression of bpti in escherichia coli and other systems has been reported. however, the preparation of recombinant bpti (rbpti) with correct n-terminus in pichia pastoris has not been successful. a previous study showed that the prebpti with the prepro leader sequence of alpha mating factor (amf) was not pro ...200818758059
epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the bovine colonic mucosa differ in their responsiveness to escherichia coli shiga toxin 1.bovine colonic crypt cells express cd77 molecules that potentially act as receptors for shiga toxins (stx). the implication of this finding for the intestinal colonization of cattle by human pathogenic stx-producing escherichia coli (stec) remains undefined. we used flow cytometric and real-time pcr analyses of primary cultures of colonic crypt cells to evaluate cell viability, cd77 expression, and gene transcription in the presence and absence of purified stx1. a subset of cultured epithelial c ...200818765725
aldehyde dehydrogenase of the haloalkaliphilic archaeon natronomonas pharaonis and its function in ethanol metabolism.the genome of natronomonas pharaonis encodes genes annotated as alcohol dehydrogenase (adh; ec 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh; ec 1.2.1.3), enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. these genes (adh and aldh2) occur in a single copy on the chromosome. we have studied the role of these genes in ethanol metabolism in n. pharaonis. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed that the aldh2 gene was inducible by ethanol, but the adh gene was transcribed both in the presence and absence of eth ...200818769868
antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties of endophytic pestalotiopsis species from medicinal plants.pestalotiopsis species were most dominant endophytic species isolated from four medicinal plants including terminalia arjuna, terminalia chebula, azadirachta indica, and holarrhena antidysenterica. thirty pestalotiopsis species isolated from different parts of the medicinal plants were selected for the study. the antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of pestalotiopsis isolates were determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity, lipid peroxidation, and angiotensi ...200818772940
effect of protein binding on the pharmacological activity of highly bound antibiotics.during antibiotic drug development, media are frequently spiked with either serum/plasma or protein supplements to evaluate the effect of protein binding. usually, previously reported serum or plasma protein binding values are applied in the analysis. the aim of this study was to evaluate this approach by experimentally measuring free, unbound concentrations for antibiotics with reportedly high protein binding and their corresponding antimicrobial activities in media containing commonly used pro ...200818779351
cardiac isoenzymes in healthy holstein calves and calves with experimentally induced endotoxemia.this paper describes a controlled study designed to establish normal values for cardiac troponins i and t (ctni and ctnt) and ck-mb mass in healthy newborn holstein calves, and to compare values for ctni, ctnt, ck-mb and total creatine kinase (ck) with age-matched calves experiencing experimentally induced endotoxemia. nineteen healthy holstein bull calves, 48 to 72 h of age were used. baseline ctni, ctnt, ck-mb and total ck measurements were obtained from control (n = 9) and experimental (n = 1 ...200818783025
molecular cloning, genomic organization and expression analysis of the gene encoding bovine (bos taurus) b-cell activating factor belonging to the tnf family (baff).a novel bovine cdna has been isolated by est assembly and subsequently confirmed by using rt-pcr and designated bovine b-cell activating factor belonging to tnf family (bbaff). the open reading frame (orf) of this cdna covers 843 bp, encoding 280 amino acids. the functional soluble part of bbaff (bsbaff) shows 96% and 91% identity with its pig and human counterparts, respectively, at the level of the primary protein structure. the bbaff genomic sequence consists of six exons and five introns, is ...200818786621
immunogenicity of a chicken viral newcastle disease virus f gene-c3d fusion protein containing a chicken homologue of c3d.the gene fragment coding for arbor acres (aa) chicken c3d gene (chc3d) was cloned and expressed as a component of fusion proteins for its potential use as a vaccine for chickens and for in vitro experiments. this fragment of complement protein c3 (c3d) has been shown to strengthen b-cell responses when complexed with antigen. three potential vaccine constructs were engineered to contain two, four, and six copies of chc3d-p29 coding gene, which was linked to the f gene of newcastle disease virus ...200818788947
rapid determination of escherichia coli o157:h7 lineage types and molecular subtypes by using comparative genomic fingerprinting.in this study, variably absent or present (vap) regions discovered through comparative genomics experiments were targeted for the development of a rapid, pcr-based method to subtype and fingerprint escherichia coli o157:h7. forty-four vap loci were analyzed for discriminatory power among 79 e. coli o157:h7 strains of 13 phage types (pt). twenty-three loci were found to maximize resolution among strains, generating 54 separate fingerprints, each of which contained strains of unique pt. strains fr ...200818791027
cloning of a gene fragment encoding chicken complement component c3d with expression and immunogenicity of newcastle disease virus f gene-c3d fusion protein.the gene fragment coding for the complement protein c3 (chc3d) from arbor acres (aa) chickens was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein for its application in the vaccine study of chicken, and for in vitro experiments. the chc3d fragment strengthened b-cell responses when complexed with antigen. three potential vaccine construct units were engineered to contain two, four and six copies of the chc3d-p29 coding gene linked to the f gene of newcastle disease virus, an economically important path ...200818798021
cloning, sequence, expression and characterization of human beta-mannosidase.beta-mannosidase (ec 3.2.1.25, manb) dissects the non-reducing end of n-linked mannose moieties of glycoproteins in eukaryotic cells. the human beta-mannosidase gene was amplified by rt-pcr, cloned and sequenced. the dna sequence was compared with reported human beta-mannosidase dna sequence and sixteen nucleotide differences were found. the deduced amino-acid sequence showed that seven codons coded the same amino acids and nine codons coded different amino acids with reference to nucleotide sub ...200818800177
map20, a microtubule-associated protein in the secondary cell walls of hybrid aspen, is a target of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.we have identified a gene, denoted pttmap20, which is strongly up-regulated during secondary cell wall synthesis and tightly coregulated with the secondary wall-associated cesa genes in hybrid aspen (populus tremula x tremuloides). immunolocalization studies with affinity-purified antibodies specific for pttmap20 revealed that the protein is found in all cell types in developing xylem and that it is most abundant in cells forming secondary cell walls. this pttmap20 protein sequence contains a hi ...200818805954
prevalence of four enteropathogens in the faeces of young diarrhoeic dairy calves in switzerland.the prevalences of cryptosporidium parvum, rotavirus, bovine coronavirus (bcv), and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (e coli k99) were determined in diarrhoeic dairy calves aged one to 21 days on 71 dairy farms in western switzerland during the winter of 2005 to 2006. faecal samples from 147 untreated calves suffering from acute diarrhoea were analysed by standardised diagnostic methods, and the immunoglobulin status of each calf was evaluated. the prevalences of c parvum, rotavirus, bcv and e c ...200818806281
lytic activity of the recombinant staphylococcal bacteriophage phih5 endolysin active against staphylococcus aureus in milk.the endolysin gene (lysh5) from the genome of the staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phih5 was cloned in escherichia coli and characterized. the lysh5 gene encoded a protein (lysh5) whose calculated molecular mass and pi were 53.7 kda and 8.7, respectively. comparative analysis revealed that lysh5 significantly resembled other murein hydrolases encoded by staphylococcal phages. the modular organization of lysh5 comprised three putative domains, namely, chap (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidoh ...200818809219
source tracking of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella contamination in the lairage environment at commercial u.s. beef processing plants and identification of an effective intervention.transportation from the feedlot and lairage at the processing plant have been identified as potential sources of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella hide contamination. the objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive tracking analysis of e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella associated with beef cattle from the feedlot through processing. cattle (n = 581) were sampled in a feedlot, then transported in multiple lots to three commercial, fed beef processing plants in the united states, whe ...200818810858
gene expression profiling of liver from dairy cows treated intra-mammary with lipopolysaccharide.liver plays a profound role in the acute phase response (apr) observed in the early phase of acute bovine mastitis caused by escherichia coli (e. coli). to gain an insight into the genes and pathways involved in hepatic apr of dairy cows we performed a global gene expression analysis of liver tissue sampled at different time points before and after intra-mammary (im) exposure to e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) treatment.200818816405
crystallographic and mutational studies of seryl-trna synthetase from the archaeon pyrococcus horikoshii.seryl-trna synthetase (serrs) catalyzes the ligation of serine to the 3'-end of serine trna (trna(ser)), which is typical of the type-2 trnas characterized by a long extra arm. the serrss are divided into two types, the archaeal/eukaryal and bacterial types. in this study, we solved the crystal structures of the serrs from the archaeon pyrococcus horikoshii bound with 5'-o-[n-(l-seryl)-sulfamoyl]-adenosine at 2.6 a and with atp at 2.8 a, as well as in the apo form at 3.0 a. p. horikoshii serrs r ...200818818520
effects of therapeutic ceftiofur administration to dairy cattle on escherichia coli dynamics in the intestinal tract.the goal of this study was to follow ceftiofur-treated and untreated cattle in a normally functioning dairy to examine enteric escherichia coli for changes in antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic diversity. prior to treatment, all of the bacteria cultured from the cows were susceptible to ceftiofur. ceftiofur-resistant e. coli was only isolated from treated cows during and immediately following the cessation of treatment, and the 12 bla(cmy-2)-positive isolates clustered into two genetic g ...200818820057
environmental dust exposure as a factor contributing to an increase in escherichia coli o157 and salmonella populations on cattle hides in feedyards.a study was conducted to determine the impact of exposure to dust in the cattle load-out area in feedyards on pathogen contamination of cattle hides. a total of 250 cattle hides were sampled during summer and fall months, which are associated with elevated prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in west texas. animals were removed from their home pens and restrained in a chute and sampled prior to exposure to dust generated as a result of a simulated loading exercise. the cattle hides were sampled a ...200818939756
proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in bovine milk during experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis.the objectives of the current study were to profile changes in protein composition using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis on whey samples from a group of 8 cows before and 18 h after infection with escherichia coli and to identify differentially expressed milk proteins by peptide sequencing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry post source decay. only proteins present in whey fractions of all 8 cows were sequenced to avoid reporting a protein respons ...200818946125
examination of salmonella and escherichia coli translocation from hog manure to forage, soil, and cattle grazed on the hog manure-treated pasture.use of hog (sus scrofa) manure as a fertilizer is a practical solution for waste re-utilization, however, it may serve as a vehicle for environmental and domestic animal contamination. work was conducted to determine whether pathogens, naturally present in hog manure could be detected in cattle (bos taurus) grazed on the manure-treated pasture, and whether forage contamination occurred. during two 3 mo summer trials manure was applied to yield < or = 124 kg available n per hectare in a single sp ...200818948461
persistence of culturable escherichia coli fecal contaminants in dairy alpine grassland soils.our knowledge of escherichia coli (e. coli) ecology in the field is very limited in the case of dairy alpine grassland soils. here, our objective was to monitor field survival of e. coli in cow pats and underlying soils in four different alpine pasture units, and to determine whether the soil could constitute an environmental reservoir. e. coli was enumerated by mpn using a selective medium. e. coli survived well in cow pats (10(7) to 10(8) cells g(-1) dry pat), but cow pats disappeared within a ...200818948484
milk production change following clinical mastitis and reproductive performance compared among j5 vaccinated and control dairy cattle.naturally occurring cases of bovine clinical mastitis (cm) were studied among j5 vaccinates and controls on 3 commercial dairy farms. milk production change and reproductive performance following cm were compared between the 2 groups. among 306 controls and 251 vaccinates, there were 221 new cases of cm affecting 120 cows; 437 lactations never had a case of cm. environmental pathogens made up 90% (159/176) of etiologic agents isolated. change in daily milk production following cm was associated ...200818832209
stable-isotope labeling using an inducible viral infection system in suspension-cultured plant cells.we established a novel strategy for preparing uniformly stable isotope-labeled proteins by using suspension-cultured plant cells and an inducible virus vector encoding the research target. by using this new method, we demonstrated the expression of three proteins, namely, escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), chicken calmodulin (cam), and porcine protein kinase c-dependent protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor with a molecular mass of 17-kda (cpi-17). in addition, we successfully expressed ...200818937031
the concerted action of lactoferrin and bacteriophages in the clearance of bacteria in sublethally infected mice.both lactoferrin (lf) and bacteriophages are potent antibacterial agents. lf is contained in the secretory fluids of mammals and bacteriophages are specific bacterial viruses.200818268472
endothelial cell apoptosis induced by bacteria-activated platelets requires caspase-8 and -9 and generation of reactive oxygen species.a common feature of severe sepsis is vascular inflammation and damage to the endothelium. because platelets can be directly activated by bacteria and endotoxin, these cells may play an important role in determining the outcome of sepsis. for example, inhibiting platelet interactions with the endothelium has been shown to attenuate endothelial cell damage and improve survival during sepsis. although not entirely understood, the interactions between bacteria-activated platelets and the endothelium ...200818278187
the methionine sulfoxide reductases: catalysis and substrate specificities.oxidation of met residues in proteins leads to the formation of methionine sulfoxides (metso). methionine sulfoxide reductases (msr) are ubiquitous enzymes, which catalyze the reduction of the sulfoxide function of the oxidized methionine residues. in vivo, the role of msrs is described as essential in protecting cells against oxidative damages and to play a role in infection of cells by pathogenic bacteria. there exist two structurally-unrelated classes of msrs, called msra and msrb, with oppos ...200818302927
effect of skimmed milk and its fractions on the inactivation of escherichia coli k12 by high hydrostatic pressure treatment.we investigated the effects of skimmed milk and its protein fractions (casein, whey, globulin, and albumin) on the injury and inactivation of escherichia coli k-12 by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment. the protective effect of skimmed milk on hhp-mediated inactivation and injury of e. coli increased with increases in the skimmed milk concentration. however, protein fractions derived from skimmed milk did not exhibit this protective effect. microscopy analysis by dapi/pi staining indicate ...200818313781
role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows.a number of antioxidants and trace minerals have important roles in immune function and may affect health in transition dairy cows. vitamin e and beta-carotene are important cellular antioxidants. selenium (se) is involved in the antioxidant system via its role in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. inadequate dietary vitamin e or se decreases neutrophil function during the perpariturient period. supplementation of vitamin e and/or se has reduced the incidence of mastitis and retained placenta, a ...200818325801
risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7 in marketed unpasteurized milk in selected east african countries.we carried out a study to assess the risk associated with the presence of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) in informally marketed unpasteurized milk in urban east africa. data for the risk models were obtained from on-going and recently completed studies in kenya and uganda. inputs for the model were complemented with data from published literature in similar populations. a fault-tree scenario pathway and modular process risk model approach were used for exposure assessment. hazard charac ...200818326173
uterine diseases in cattle after parturition.bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen is common in cattle after parturition, often leading to infection and uterine disease. clinical disease can be diagnosed and scored by examination of the vaginal mucus, which reflects the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes. viruses may also cause uterine disease and bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) is tropic for endometrial cells, causing a rapid cytopathic effect. the elimination of pathogens by the inn ...200818329302
preparation, characterization and refolding in vitro of a recombinant human cyclophilin a mutant: effect of a single pro/ser substitution on cyclophilin a structure and properties.a recombinant cyclophilin a (cypa) mutant, which carries a serine instead of proline at sequence 16, was prepared for structural and functional assessment for human cypa. soluble expression of the recombinant cypa mutant in e. coli was obtained under 30 degrees c, 180 rpm culture condition after being induced by iptg. ion exchange chromatography was used to purify the cypa mutant in a single step, and a high activity recovery of target protein with a high purity was achieved. peptide fragments p ...200818333624
solution structure of the variable-type domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products: new insight into age-rage interaction.diabetes is defined by chronic hyperglycemia due to deficiency in insulin action. it has been found that the amount of advanced glycation end products (age) from the maillard reaction between proteins and sugar molecules increases in blood of diabetic patients and furthermore that age binding to their cell surface receptor (rage) triggers both macrovascular and microvascular impairments to cause diabetic complications. due to the clinical significance of the vascular complications, rage is curre ...200819032093
detection of clinical mastitis with the help of a thermal camera.increasing dairy farm size and increase in automation in livestock production require that new methods are used to monitor animal health. in this study, a thermal camera was tested for its capacity to detect clinical mastitis. mastitis was experimentally induced in 6 cows with 10 microg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps was infused into the left forequarter of each cow, and the right forequarters served as controls. clinical examination for systemic and local signs and sampli ...200819038934
cdna, genomic sequence and overexpression of crystallin alpha-b gene (cryab) of the giant panda.alphab-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, has been shown to prevent the aggregation of other proteins under various stress conditions. here we have cloned the cdna and the genomic sequence of cryab gene from the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) using rt-pcr technology and touchdown-pcr, respectively. the length of cdna fragment cloned contains an open reading frame of 528bp encoding 175 amino acids and the length of the genomic sequence is 3189bp, containing three exons and two introns. ...200819043608
translocation of surface-inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7 into beef subprimals following blade tenderization.in phase i, beef subprimals were inoculated on the lean side with ca. 0.5 to 3.5 log cfu/g of a rifampin-resistant (rifr) cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7 and passed once, lean side up, through a mechanical blade tenderizer. inoculated subprimals that were not tenderized served as controls. ten core samples were removed from each subprimal and cut into six consecutive segments: segments 1 to 4 comprised the top 4 cm and segments 5 and 6 the deepest 4 cm. levels of e. coli o157:h7 recovered f ...200819044260
periplasmic loops of osmosensory transporter prop in escherichia coli are sensitive to osmolality.prop is an osmosensory transporter. the activities of prop and prop*, a cysteine-less, his(6)-tagged prop variant, increase with osmotic pressure in cells and proteoliposomes. in proteoliposomes, prop activity is osmolality-dependent only if the magnitude of the membrane potential (deltapsi) exceeds 100 mv. some amino acid replacements rendered prop activity osmolality-insensitive [e.g., y44m in transmembrane segment 1 (tmi); s62c in periplasmic loop 1 (loop p1)], whereas others elevated the osm ...200819049385
characterization of the cattle serum antibody responses against tem beta-lactamase and the nonimmunogenic escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (stai).in order to test the use of a subunit recombinant vaccine for its capacity to induce antibodies against the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin sta from escherichia coli and the tem-1 beta-lactamase, cattle were immunized with a hybrid protein created by insertion of the sta sequence at position 197 of the tem-1 beta-lactamase. specific anti-sta igg and igg1 antibodies were detected at low levels, while no igg2 antibodies were detected. in contrast, high levels of the different anti-tem igg s ...200819049644
a survey of enteric bacteria and protozoans in fresh bovine faeces on new zealand dairy farms.to determine the counts and/or prevalence in fresh bovine faeces of escherichia coli, enterococci, campylobacter, salmonella, shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), giardia and cryptosporidium, as inputs to numerical models designed to estimate microbial loadings on pasture grazed by cattle in new zealand.200819016977
super-shedding and the link between human infection and livestock carriage of escherichia coli o157.cattle that excrete more escherichia coli o157 than others are known as super-shedders. super-shedding has important consequences for the epidemiology of e. coli o157 in cattle--its main reservoir--and for the risk of human infection, particularly owing to environmental exposure. ultimately, control measures targeted at super-shedders may prove to be highly effective. we currently have only a limited understanding of both the nature and the determinants of super-shedding. however, super-shedding ...200819008890
functional role of polyhydroxy compounds on protein structure and thermal stability studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy.polyhydroxy compounds such as cyclitols, acyclic polyols and sugars are produced by a wide variety of organisms under stressful conditions in order to protect macromolecular structure. plants undergoing abiotic stresses like heat and dehydration accumulate enormous amounts of polyhydroxy compounds (up to 400 mm) in their cellular tissues. not only do they serve as osmoprotectants ("compatible solutes"), they also protect membrane structure and preserve enzymatic activity. to gain further insight ...200818343146
the role of starvation on escherichia coli adhesion and transport in saturated porous media.the influence of bacterial starvation on cell transport has been examined using two escherichia coli isolates: one from human (hu) and one from dairy cattle (dc). to better understand the fate of starved bacteria, experiments were conducted in a packed bed column using cells that had been incubating at room temperature without nutrients for 6, 12, and 18h, as well as cells, which had not been starved (referred to as time zero). complimentary cell characterization techniques were conducted to eva ...200818037467
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle drinking-water by trans-cinnamaldehyde.cattle serve as a major reservoir of e. coli o157:h7 and excrete the pathogen in feces. environmental persistence of e. coli o157:h7 plays a vital role in its epidemiology on farms, and cattle water troughs are a demonstrated long-term reservoir of e. coli o157:h7 for animals. the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of low concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde for killing e. coli o157:h7 in cattle drinking-water. a five-strain mixture of e. coli o157:h7 was inoculated (at a ...200818991539
beef carcass contamination by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in an abattoir in brazil: characterization and resistance to antimicrobial drugs.a survey was performed to estimate the frequency of escherichia coli and shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) in carcasses obtained from an abattoir in brazil between february 2006 and june 2007. a total of 216 beef carcasses were sampled at three stages of the slaughter process--preevisceration, postevisceration, and postprocessing--during the rain and dry seasons, respectively. of the carcasses sampled, 58% were preevisceration e. coli positive, 38% were postevisceration positive, and 32% post ...200818991542
efficacy of oral and parenteral ketoprofen in lactating cows with endotoxin-induced acute mastitis.one hind quarter of 27 healthy lactating cows was infused with 100 microg escherichia coli endotoxin. two hours later, nine of the cows were given physiological saline by intramuscular injection, nine were given 4 mg/kg ketoprofen orally, and nine were given 3 mg/kg ketoprofen by intramuscular injection. ketoprofen administered either orally or parenterally significantly reduced the effect of the endotoxin on rectal temperature, ruminal contractions and respiratory rate. the size of the udder, t ...200818953074
optical mapping and 454 sequencing of escherichia coli o157 : h7 isolates linked to the us 2006 spinach-associated outbreak.optical maps for five representative clinical, food-borne and bovine-derived isolates from the 2006 escherichia coli o157 : h7 outbreak linked to fresh spinach in the united states showed a common set of 14 distinct chromosomal markers that define the outbreak strain. partial 454 dna sequencing was used to characterize the optically mapped chromosomal markers. the markers included insertions, deletions, substitutions and a simple single nucleotide polymorphism creating a bamhi site. the shiga to ...200818957604
development and validation of a probabilistic second-order exposure assessment model for escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination of beef trimmings from irish meat plants.a second-order quantitative monte carlo simulation model was developed for escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination of beef trimmings in irish abattoirs. the assessment considers initial contamination levels, cross-contamination and decontamination events during the cattle slaughter process. the mean simulated prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 on trimmings was 2.36% and the mean simulated counts of e. coli o157:h7 on contaminated trimmings was -2.69log(10)cfu/g. a parallel validation survey provided s ...200822062607
effect of escherichia coli infection of the bovine uterus from the whole animal to the cell.following parturition, contamination of the uterine lumen by bacteria is ubiquitous, and uterine health is impaired in cattle because infection persists in 10% to 15% of animals as endometritis. endometritis causes infertility for the duration of infection, and subfertility persists even after apparent successful resolution of the disease. escherichia coli is the pathogenic bacterium most frequently isolated from the post partum uterus, and is associated with increased concentrations of peripher ...200822443727
interventions to reduce/eliminate escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.the escherichia coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7) outbreak in the northwestern united states ushered in an era that has dramatically changed the way beef processors in the united states convert live cattle into meat. unprecedented cooperation among the beef processors and massive investment in research by the us government and the beef industry have resulted in an acceptable level of control of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef. the evidence to support the progress in control of e. coli o157:h7 is the ...200722061399
analysis of the resistance behaviour of indicator bacteria to several antibiotics in bulk milk using spatial point pattern methodology.between 2002 and 2004, indicator bacteria (enterococcus, escherichia coli) isolated from 799 bulk milk samples were tested against thirty different antibiotics for resistance. systematic sampling over space (every eighth styrian cattle breeding farm on an unaligned grid) was conducted within the scope of the bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) control programme. results of resistance testing were assigned to their respective farms by means of lfbis (information system for agricultural and forestry ente ...200720422543
microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms.tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ...200718037694
the use of bulk tank milk samples to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms.the routine monitoring of bacteria obtained from bulk tank milk (btm) may be an important tool for detecting farm-level trends in antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms. this study describes and compares antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (salmonella) and escherichia coli recovered from dairy btm. btm from more than 400 dairies in a dairy-intense region of california were sampled eight times at 2- to 3-month intervals over a 29-month period. from sa ...200718041950
isolation of e. coli o157:h7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in dagoretti division, nairobi, kenya: prevalence and risk factors.to estimate the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health.200718338724
[calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acids: the features of alkaline phosphatases inhibition].the inhibition of alkaline phosphatases by calix[4]arenes functionalysed at the macrocyclic upper rim by one or two methylenebisphosphonic acid fragments has been investigated. it is established, that calix[4]arene bismethylenebisphosphonic acid displayed stronger inhibition of alkaline phosphatase from bovine intestine mucosa than calix[4]arene methylenebisphosphonic acid. at the same time, the both inhibitors showed almost similar levels of inhibitory activities in respect of bovine kidney alk ...200718712108
diagnosis of tularemia using piezoelectric biosensor technology.a piezoelectric immunosensor for indirect diagnosis of tularemic infection in mouse serum was developed. francisella tularensis lvs antigen was covalently immobilized on the sensing surface using cystamine and glutaraldehyde for activation and modification of the gold electrode. the normal mouse serum (nms) and serum prepared from mice immunized by escherichia coli were used as negative controls providing signal of 28hz during a 5min interaction. the tularemic infectious (immunized) mouse serum ...200719071403
using predictive microbiology to evaluate risk and reduce economic losses associated with raw meats and poultry exposed to temperature abuse.the department of defense suffers economic losses when temperature-abused raw meat and poultry are condemned. current us army guidance regarding time/temperature limits associated with these foods (risk-3 category) is ultraconservative, especially at lower temperatures. we have developed a more accurate, yet conservative or "fail-safe" computer-based tool for predicting pathogen growth in raw meat and poultry. in 20 trials of this tool, growth (> 0.3 log colony-forming unit increase) or no growt ...200720091984
detection of microorganisms in the saliva and midgut smears of different tick species (acari: ixodoidea) in egypt.investigation of 1789 field-collected adult ticks in egypt for the presence of microorganisms revealed the following: the protozoan, babesia bigemina, b. canis; theileria annulata, and the rickettesia aegyptianella pullorum (carpano) were found in the saliva and the mid-guts smears of eight ixodid and two argasid tick species. the infected percent was higher in cattle and dog ticks than it was in fowl ticks; it was also higher in salivary glands (s) than in the midguts (m). identification of pro ...200717985586
secretory igas from human milk with affinity to mammalian dna are capable of hydrolyzing ribosomal rna.it was found that milk of clinical healthy women contains siga possessing high affinity for the mammalian thymus dna and dna-hydrolyzing activity (siga-abzymes). here we present data that such siga-abzymes, purified by sequential chromatography on deae-fractogel, heparin-sepharose, dna-cellulose and followed by gel-filtration, are also able to hydrolyse total rna from e. coli better than plasmid dna. besides, such siga-abzymes effectively cleaved 18s and 28s ribosomal rna isolated from human a54 ...200717988015
effect of ph on the antimicrobial activity and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing caffeic acid.antioxidant properties in food are dependent on various parameters. these include the ph value and interactions with food components, including proteins or metal ions. food components affect antioxidant stability and also influence the properties of microorganisms and their viability. this paper describes an investigation of the effect of ph on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of caffeic acid in different media. the ph values studied, using an oil-in-water emulsion as model system, w ...200717995712
survey of antimicrobial effects of beef carcass intervention treatments in very small state-inspected slaughter plants.u.s. beef slaughter facilities are required to use a carcass intervention treatment to reduce contamination by escherichia coli o157:h7. very small beef slaughter operators generally are unable to carry out challenge studies to validate intervention treatment effectiveness, and in-plant pathogen challenge studies are not permitted. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness, measured by decreases in generic e. coli, coliforms, enterobacteriaceae, and aerobic plate count, of in ...200717995740
application of recombinant sjc26gst for serodiagnosis of schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalo (bos buffelus).schistosomiasis japonica is currently the most serious parasitic disease in mainland china and it is estimated that several million people are infected. furthermore, it is also responsible for the deaths of many domestic animals. in order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding sjc26gst was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with his-tag. the purified resjc26gst was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for immuno ...200717997225
intraspecies regulation of ribonucleolytic activity.the evolutionary rate of proteins involved in obligate protein-protein interactions is slower and the degree of coevolution higher than that for nonobligate protein-protein interactions. the coevolution of the proteins involved in certain nonobligate interactions is, however, essential to cell survival. to gain insight into the coevolution of one such nonobligate protein pair, the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor (ri) proteins and secretory pancreatic-type ribonucleases from cow (bos taurus) and ...200717956129
high glucose up-regulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production via c-jun n-terminal kinase in the monocytic cell line thp-1.diabetic subjects are susceptible to atherosclerosis. it has been postulated that inflammation plays a crucial role in atherogenesis. since previous studies suggested persistent low-grade infection by gram-negative bacteria such as chlamydia spp. and/or periodontal infection is associated with increased atherogenesis among diabetic subjects, we hypothesized that macrophages under hyperglycemia respond to lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge in a more exaggerated manner than under normal glucose co ...200717956941
common epitopes in lps of different enterobacteriaceae are associated with an immune response against escherichia coli o157 in bovine serum samples.epidemiological studies in both humans and animals conducted in mexico have shown that the isolation frequency of escherichia coli o157 : h7 is low. in a previous study, igg antibodies against e. coli o157, o7 and o116 lps were found in serum samples from children and adults with no previous history of e. coli o157 : h7 infection. the present study was designed to determine whether a similar immune response against e. coli o157 : h7 and other antigenically related bacteria was present in bovine ...200717965343
comparison of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunomagnetic separation methods for detection of escherichia coli o157 in fecal, hide, carcass, and ground beef samples.rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) are approved for detection of escherichia coil o157 in beef products. however, these kits have also been used in the industry to detect this pathogen on hides or in feces of cattle, although this use has not been validated. the objective of this study was to compare commercially available elisas (e. coli now, reveal, and vip) with immunomagnetic separation along with selective media to detect e. coli o157 on hides, in feces, and in medium- and lo ...200717969602
antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein-derived peptides against gram-negative bacteria isolated from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis.to evaluate antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bbpi)-derived synthetic peptides against mastitis-causing gram-negative bacteria.200717975968
preparation of iron oxide-based calcium sensors for mri.we describe a protocol for the preparation of a family of calcium indicators for mri. the indicators consist of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with the calcium-sensing protein, calmodulin, and its target peptides. calcium-dependent protein-protein interactions drive particle clustering and produce large changes in t2 relaxivity. to prepare these indicators, interacting polypeptides are purified, biotinylated and then conjugated to streptavidin-coated nanoparticles. con ...200717948001
survival of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in bovine feces on pasture.the survival of enteric bacteria was measured in bovine feces on pasture. in each season, 11 cow pats were prepared from a mixture of fresh dairy cattle feces and sampled for up to 150 days. four pats were analyzed for escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, and enterococci, and four inoculated pats were analyzed for campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica. two pats were placed on drainage collectors, and another pat was fitted with a temperature probe. in the first 1 to 3 weeks, there were i ...200717951435
the trimeric periplasmic chaperone skp of escherichia coli forms 1:1 complexes with outer membrane proteins via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.the interactions of outer membrane proteins (omps) with the periplasmic chaperone skp from escherichia coli are not well understood. we have examined the binding of skp to various omps of different origin, size, and function. these were ompa, ompg, and yaet (omp85) from escherichia coli, the translocator domain of the autotransporter nalp from neisseria meningitides, foma from fusobacterium nucleatum, and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel, human isoform 1 (hvdac1) from mitochondria. ...200717928002
molecular epidemiology of blacmy-2 plasmids carried by salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolates from cattle in the pacific northwest.restriction analyses of bla(cmy-2)-bearing plasmids and salmonella and escherichia coli hosts identified (i) shared highly similar plasmids in these species in rare cases, (ii) a clonal host-plasmid relationship in salmonella enterica serotype newport, and (iii) a very high diversity of strain types and plasmids among commensal e. coli isolates.200717933916
in vitro effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.200717376712
effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and in vivo growth of generic escherichia coli excreted from steers.the effect of commercially available chestnut and mimosa tannins in vitro (experiment 1) or in vivo (experiment 2) on the growth or recovery of escherichia coli o157:h7 or generic fecal e. coli was evaluated. in experiment 1, the mean growth rate of e. coli o157:h7, determined via the measurement of optical density at 600 nm during anaerobic culture in tryptic soy broth at 37 degrees c, was reduced (p < 0.05) with as little as 400 microg of either tannin extract per ml of culture fluid. the addi ...200717388040
virulence markers and serotypes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, isolated from cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil.to determine the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and serotypes and virulence markers of the stec isolates from beef and dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, brazil.200717397481
specific isolation of n-terminal fragments from proteins and their high-fidelity de novo sequencing.a new method to determine n-terminal amino acid sequences of multiple proteins at low pmol level by a parallel processing has been developed. the method contains the following five steps: (1) reduction, s-alkylation and guanidination for targeted proteins; (2) coupling with sulfosucccimidyl-2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate(sulfo-nhs-ss-biotin) to n(alpha)-amino groups of proteins; (3) digestion of the modified proteins by an appropriate protease; (4) specific isolation of n-terminal fra ...200717879392
clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological study of toxic puerperal metritis in iraqi buffalo.data were collected from 42 buffalo with toxic puerperal metritis in 2 large herds, with a history of dystocia, prolapse, and retained placenta. all buffalo were subjected to detailed clinical examination including external inspection, vaginoscopy, and transrectal palpation of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. swabs for bacteriology and biopsies for histopathology were collected from the uterine lumen from each cow. character, odor, and estimation of polymorphonuclear cells of the vaginal mucus w ...200717881686
differences in virulence among escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from humans during disease outbreaks and from healthy cattle.escherichia coli o157:h7 causes life-threatening outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and significant economic loss in agriculture and could be a potential agent of bioterrorism. although the prevalence of e. coli o157:h7 in cattle and other species with which humans have frequent contact is high, human infections are relatively uncommon, despite a low infectious dose. a plausible explanation for the low disease incidence is the possibility that not ...200717890332
ultrasensitive staining-free protein detection after paa gel electrophoresis using deep uv fluorescence.we present the observation of separated protein bands after polyacrylamide (paa) gel electrophoresis based on the staining-free detection of their ultra violet (uv)-induced fluorescence employing deep uv confocal fluorescence microscopy. mixtures of the three biological compounds beta-galactosidase (from escherichia coli), apo-transferrin (bovine) and bovine serum albumin (bsa) have been separated and a staining free detection limit below 80 pg (7.0 x 10(8) molecules) per band has been achieved. ...200717897099
avian- and mammalian-derived antibodies against adherence-associated proteins inhibit host cell colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7.to evaluate the potential for polyclonal antibodies targeting enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) virulence determinants to prevent colonization of host cells by e. coli o157:h7.200717897225
overexpression and purification of mammalian mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2 and initiation factor 3.two mammalian mitochondrial initiation factors have been identified. initiation factor 2 (if2(mt)) selects the initiator trna (fmet-trna) and promotes its binding to the ribosome. initiation factor 3 (if3(mt)) promotes the dissociation of the 55s mitochondrial ribosome into subunits and may play additional, less-well-understood, roles in initiation complex formation. native bovine if2(mt) was purified from liver a number of years ago. the yield of this factor is very low making biochemical studi ...200717913635
effect of hyperimmunization with an escherichia coli j5 bacterin in adult lactating dairy cows.to determine the effect of hyperimmunization with an escherichia coli j5 bacterin on serum igg2 concentration, incidence of clinical mastitis, and rate of survival to the end of the lactation period (ie, day 305) in adult lactating dairy cattle.200717916037
host protein binding and adhesive properties of h6 and h7 flagella of attaching and effacing escherichia coli.it had been suggested that the flagella of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) might contribute to host colonization. in this study, we set out to investigate the adhesive properties of h7 and h6 flagella. we studied the abilities of ehec edl933 (o157:h7) and epec e2348/69 (o127:h6) flagella to bind to bovine mucus, host proteins such as mucins, and extracellular matrix proteins. through several approaches, we found that h6 and h7 flagella and their flag ...200717693516
evaluation of repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for discrimination of fecal escherichia coli from humans, and different domestic- and wild-animals.the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of repetitive extragenic palindromic anchored polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) in differentiating fecal escherichia coli isolates of human, domestic- and wild-animal origin that might be used as a molecular tool to identify the possible source(s) of fecal pollution of source water. a total of 625 fecal e. coli isolates of human, 3 domestic- (cow, dog and horse) and 7 wild-animal (black bear, coyote, elk, marmot, mule deer, raccoon a ...200717704635
rapid determination of enzyme kinetics from fluorescence: overcoming the inner filter effect.fluorescence change is convenient for monitoring enzyme kinetics. unfortunately, it loses linearity as the absorbance of the fluorescent substrate increases with concentration. when the sum of absorbance at excitation and emission wavelengths exceeds 0.08, this inner filtering effect (ife) alters apparent initial velocities, k(m), and k(cat). the ife distortion of apparent initial velocities can be corrected without doing fluorophore dilution assays. using the substrate's extinction coefficients ...200717706587
enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h11/h-: a human pathogen in emergence.enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26:h11 have emerged as the most important non-o157:h7 ehec, with respect to their ability to cause diarrhoea and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus). hus is a leading cause of acute renal failure in children, and is mainly caused by ehec expressing shiga toxins (stx) 1 and/or 2. since 1996, ehec o26, which produce stx2 only and appear to have enhanced virulence, have been increasingly isolated from hus patients in germany. in contrast, ehec o26 found ...200717715820
degradation of c-terminal truncated alpha a-crystallins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.calpain-mediated c-terminal cleavage of alpha a-crystallins occurs during aging and cataractogenesis. the objective of the present study was to explore the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (upp) in degrading c-terminal truncated alpha a-crystallins.200717724207
escherichia coli o26 in minced beef: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern.verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) non-o157 serogroups are among the most important emerging food-borne pathogen groups. in particular, the o26 serogroup is able to cause a large spectrum of illnesses in humans which have a significant public health impact as they may range from haemorrhagic colitis (hc) to haemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp). it is known that vtec organisms are associated with animal reservoirs, i.e. ruminants, and foods o ...200717727994
tracing shigatoxigenic escherichia coli o103, o145, and o174 infections from farm residents to cattle.severe diarrheal infections caused by shigatoxigenic escherichia coli o103:h2:stx(1):eae-epsilon:ehx, o145:h28:stx(1):eae-gamma:ehx (two cases in a family), and o174:h21:stx(2c) in farm residents were traced to cattle. molecular methods were applied to the isolation and characterization of the strains. the causative strains were also isolated from cattle samples 1 or 4 months later.200717804658
distinct pathotypes of o113 escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals in brazil.two distinct diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes, enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec) and shiga toxin-producing e. coli, were observed in association with o113 strains isolated from human and nonhuman sources in brazil, respectively. the o113 strains from human diarrhea belonged to a diversity of serotypes, and nine (53%) of them harbored virulence traits of typical eaec.200717446328
identification and characterization of the ntpase activity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) expressed in bacteria.the nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) of members of the family flaviviridae possesses multiple enzyme activities that are likely to be essential for viral replication. here, we cloned and expressed full-length csfv ns3 protein (ns3fl) and its n-terminal truncated version (ntns3) in e. coli. ntpase activities of the purified ns3fl and ntns3 proteins and their reaction conditions were investigated. the results showed that csfv ns3fl and ntns3 proteins contained a specific polynucleotide-stimulated ntp ...200717447110
espp, a type v-secreted serine protease of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, influences intestinal colonization of calves and adherence to bovine primary intestinal epithelial cells.enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) comprise a group of zoonotic diarrhoeal pathogens of worldwide importance. cattle are a key reservoir; however the molecular mechanisms that promote persistent colonization of the bovine intestines by ehec are ill-defined. the large plasmid of ehec o157:h7 encodes several putative virulence factors. here, it is reported that the po157-encoded type v-secreted serine protease espp influences the intestinal colonization of calves. to dissect the basis of a ...200717451446
multiple and stepwise interactions between coatomer and adp-ribosylation factor-1 (arf1)-gtp.the small gtpase adp-ribosylation factor-1 (arf1) plays a key role in the formation of coat protein i (cop i)-coated vesicles. upon recruitment to the donor golgi membrane by interaction with dimeric p24 proteins, arf1's gdp is exchanged for gtp. arf1-gtp then dissociates from p24, and together with other golgi membrane proteins, it recruits coatomer, the heptameric coat protein complex of cop i vesicles, from the cytosol. in this process, arf1 was shown to specifically interact with the coatome ...200717451557
the non-o157 shiga-toxigenic (verocytotoxigenic) escherichia coli; under-rated pathogens.following a brief review of the ecology of escherichia coli in general, the role of shiga-toxigenic (verocytotoxigenic) e. coli (stec) as pathogens is addressed. while stec belonging to the serogroup o157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importance of stec belonging to other serogroups has not been recognized as much. this review addresses the problems associated with these pathogens, demonstrating that increasing the awaren ...200717453930
milk and serum j5-specific antibody responses, milk production change, and clinical effects following intramammary escherichia coli challenge for j5 vaccinate and control cows.holstein dairy cows (four j5 vaccinates and four controls) selected for no recorded intramammary disease and low somatic cell count (scc) during the previous lactation were challenged by intramammary infusion of escherichia coli. vaccination with j5 was at 8 weeks and again 4 weeks before the anticipated calving date. cows were challenged at 8 to 16 days in milk (dim). shedding of e. coli in milk was significantly higher among controls than vaccinates (no shedding) from 6 h to 21 h postchallenge ...200717460115
expression of cd34 mrna and protein in cattle.cd34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by hematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells. it is used widely in the clinic for purification of human hematopoietic stem cells transplants, and as an endothelial marker for several species. the aim of this study was to produce an anti-bovine cd34 antibody and to characterize the expression of cd34 mrna and protein in cattle tissues. the bovine cd34 cdna was cloned by rt-pcr, and the expression of bovine cd34 mrna investigated by rt-pcr and i ...200717466383
exploring passive transfer in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus).poor calf production and ill thrift in 3-4 mo olds are common limiting problems in raising and maintaining captive muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). acute onset of a rapidly progressing enteritis and septicemia in neonatal calves (2-7 days of age) caused by escherichia coli not normally considered pathogenic in domestic animals is a serious problem in many captive muskoxen facilities. serum immunoglobulin g (igg) levels, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in captive periparturient muskox fem ...200717469276
an in vitro system for the comparison of excision and wet-dry swabbing for microbiological sampling of beef carcasses.an in vitro system for the comparison of wet-dry swabbing and surface tissue excision was developed to ascertain whether the commonly accepted statement of the advantage (in terms of bacterial recovery) of the tissue excision method is also legitimate when different kinds of bacteria are used. a total of 1,770 sections (2.5 by 10 cm) of bovine skin were individually inoculated on the subcutaneous fat side by spreading various suspensions of marker organisms (nalidixic acid-resistant escherichia ...200717477263
cloning, sequencing and expression of cdna of bovine neutrophil beta-defensin from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).neutrophil beta-defensins have been identified as naturally occurring potent antibacterial cationic peptides serving as effector molecules of innate immunity that provide a first line of defence against pathogens. considering the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against microorganisms and role in innate immunity of the neutrophil beta-defensins, it has been characterized in many livestock species including cattle, sheep, caprine and porcines. here we report the isolation, cloning, sequencin ...200717504507
angiostatin-like activity of a monoclonal antibody to the catalytic subunit of f1f0 atp synthase.the antiangiogenic protein angiostatin inhibits atp synthase on the endothelial cell surface, blocking cellular proliferation. to examine the specificity of this interaction, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against atp synthase. mab directed against the beta-catalytic subunit of atp synthase (mab3d5ab1) inhibits the activity of the f(1) domain of atp synthase and recognizes the catalytic beta-subunit of atp synthase. we located the antibody recognition site of mab3d5ab1 in doma ...200717510399
functional expression and purification of bovine enterokinase light chain in recombinant escherichia coli.enterokinase (ec 3.4.21.9) is a serine proteinase of the intestinal brush border that exhibits specificity for the sequence (asp)(4)-lys and converts trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. a codon optimized sequence coding light chain (catalytic subunit) of bovine enterokinase gene (sbeklc) was synthesized, and it was fused with dsba to construct the expression vector (pet39-sbeklc). then, the plasmid was transformed into e. coli bl21 (de3) for expression. under optimal conditions, the volum ...200717516250
cumulative physiological events influence the inflammatory response of the bovine udder to escherichia coli infections during the transition period.a high proportion of intramammary coliform infections present at parturition develop disease characterized by severe inflammatory signs and sepsis during the first 60 to 70 d of lactation. in the lactating bovine mammary gland, the innate immune system plays a critical role in determining the outcome of these infections. since the beginning of the 1990s, research has increased significantly on bovine mammary innate defense mechanisms in connection with the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis. neut ...200717517751
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