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control of listeria monocytogenes in a biofilm by competitive-exclusion microorganisms.biofilms from drains in food processing facilities with a recent history of no detectable listeria monocytogenes in floor drains were cultured for microorganisms producing antilisterial metabolites. a total of 413 microbial isolates were obtained from 12 drain biofilm samples and were assayed at 15 and 37 degrees c for activities that were bactericidal or inhibitory to l. monocytogenes, by two agar plate assays. twenty-one of 257 bacterial isolates and 3 of 156 yeast isolates had antilisterial a ...200415240275
co2- and anaerobiosis-induced changes in physiology and gene expression of different listeria monocytogenes strains.although carbon dioxide (co(2)) is known to inhibit growth of most bacteria, very little is known about the cellular response. the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is characterized by its ability to grow in high co(2) concentrations at refrigeration temperatures. we examined the listerial responses of different strains to growth in air, 100% n(2), and 100% co(2). the co(2)-induced changes in membrane lipid fatty acid composition and expression of selected genes were strain dependent. t ...200415240290
epidemic clone i-specific genetic markers in strains of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b from foods.listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. however, the health hazards posed by l. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. in this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of l. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing e ...200415240296
natural atypical listeria innocua strains with listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity island 1 genes.identification of bona fide listeria isolates into the six species of the genus normally requires only a few tests. aberrant isolates do occur, but even then only one or two extra confirmatory tests are generally needed for identification to species level. we have discovered a hemolytic-positive, rhamnose and xylose fermentation-negative listeria strain with surprising recalcitrance to identification to the species level due to contradictory results in standard confirmatory tests. the issue had ...200415240309
fully functional memory cd8 t cells in the absence of cd4 t cells.the role of cd4 t cells in providing help to cd8 t cells in primary and secondary responses to infection remains controversial. using recombinant strains of virus and bacteria expressing the same ag, we determined the requirement for cd4 t cells in endogenous cd8 t cell responses to infection with vesicular stomatitis virus and listeria monocytogenes (lm). depletion of cd4 t cells had no effect on the frequency of primary or secondary vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cd8 t cells in either lym ...200415240684
the antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents.the antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, diethyl ether, acetone, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents against 9 bacteria and fungi has been investigated. the extracts and pure compounds alone were found active against the same bacteria and the same yeasts. bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, proteus vulgaris, listeria monocytogenes, aero ...200415241936
a comparison of the traditional method of counting viable cells and a quick microplate method for monitoring the growth characteristics of listeria monocytogenes.to determine: (i) the growth parameters (specific growth rate, lag time, asymptotic amount of growth, generation time and time for maximum growth rate) of listeria monocytogenes in different broths by standard cultivation methods and (ii) whether a microplate method in conjunction with a standard nondedicated plate reader could be adapted to routine assay.200414962037
microbiological examination of ready-to-eat cold sliced meats and pâté from catering and retail premises in the uk.to establish the microbiological quality of cold ready-to-eat sliced meats and pâté from catering and retail premises, and investigate links hypothesized between foodborne campylobacter infection and the consumption of cold sliced meats.200414962130
metal composition and solubility determine lung toxicity induced by residual oil fly ash collected from different sites within a power plant.residual oil fly ash (rofa) is a particulate pollutant comprised of soluble and insoluble metals and is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. the objective was to examine the pulmonary responses to chemically distinct rofa samples collected from either a precipitator or air heater within the same power plant. the collected rofa samples were suspended in saline (total sample), incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees c, centrifuged, separated into soluble and insoluble fractions, and the metal comp ...200414971666
[listeriosis in the adult. revision of 10 cases].listeria monocytogenes is still a very rare opportunist infection in immunosuppressive patients. the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics in 10 patients with infection produced by lm are reported--four of them had primary bacteriemia, three patients had a meningeal involvement, there were two patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and one suffered from abdominal access. all of the patients had underlying disorders favouring the infection. sepsis and meningeal syndrom ...200414974893
die-off of enteric bacterial pathogens during mesophilic anaerobic digestion.conventionally treated sewage sludge may contain high concentrations of potentially pathogenic microorganisms and additional treatment is required to minimise the risks to health if it is to be recycled to agricultural land. mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad) is the most widely used process in the uk for stabilising sludge prior to agricultural recycling, but little is known about the fate of a number of enteric pathogens as the sludge passes through the treatment processes. the aim of this st ...200414975643
intact type 1 immunity and immune-associated coagulative responses in mice lacking ifn gamma-inducible fibrinogen-like protein 2.fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2, fibroleukin) is a leukocyte product that exhibits significant homology to secreted proteins of diverse function, including growth factors, lectins, and components of extracellular matrix. prior studies found that fgl2 is ifn gamma-inducible, possesses direct coagulant activity, and inhibits t cell proliferation and dendritic cell maturation in vitro. here, we demonstrate that fgl2 expression is up-regulated during type 1 immunity in vivo and establish that such u ...200414976252
marinococcus halophilus dsm 20408t encodes two transporters for compatible solutes belonging to the betaine-carnitine-choline transporter family: identification and characterization of ectoine transporter ectm and glycine betaine transporter betm.in response to osmotic stress, the halophilic, gram-positive bacterium marinococcus halophilus accumulates compatible solutes either by de novo synthesis or by uptake from the medium. to characterize transport systems responsible for the uptake of compatible solutes, a plasmid-encoded gene bank of m. halophilus was transferred into the transport-deficient strain escherichia coli mkh13, and two genes were cloned by functional complementation required for ectoine and glycine betaine transport. the ...200414872322
effect of listeriolysin o-loaded erythrocytes on mycobacterium avium replication within macrophages.to evaluate the efficacy of erythrocytes loaded with the haemolytic toxin listeriolysin o against mycobacterium avium replication within human macrophages.200415056645
fulminant listeria monocytogenes meningitis complicated with acute hydrocephalus in healthy children beyond the newborn period.we describe 3 previously healthy costa rican children who had listeria monocytogenes meningitis, an uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis beyond the newborn period in normal subjects. two of them had initial normal brain computed tomography, but all 3 developed acute hydrocephalus at days 7, 3, and 5, respectively. all required immediate ventriculostomy placement and only 1 of 3 survived. l. monocytogenes should be considered among the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in children who do not r ...200415057178
role of flagellin and the two-component chea/chey system of listeria monocytogenes in host cell invasion and virulence.the flagellum protein flagellin of listeria monocytogenes is encoded by the flaa gene. immediately downstream of flaa, two genes, chey and chea, encoding products with homology to chemotaxis proteins of other bacteria, are located. in this study we constructed deletion mutants with mutations in flaa. chey, and chea to elucidate their role in the biology of infection with l. monocytogenes. the deltachey, deltachea, and double-mutant deltacheya mutants, but not deltaflaa mutant, were motile in liq ...200415155625
cpg oligodeoxynucleotides improve the survival of pregnant and fetal mice following listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria infection during pregnancy can cause the death of both mother and fetus. previous studies established that immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) increase the resistance of healthy adult mice to many infectious pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes. this study examines whether the innate immune response elicited by cpg odn can reduce the susceptibility of pregnant mice to lethal listeria challenge. the results indicate that cpg odn treatment significantly improves mater ...200415155663
purification of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.bacteriocins are antibacterial substances of a proteinaceous nature that are produced by different bacterial species. lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce biologically active peptides or protein complexes that display a bactericidal mode of action almost exclusively toward gram-positive bacteria and particularly toward closely related species. generally they are active against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms including bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus a ...200415156043
soft listeria: actin-based propulsion of liquid drops.we study the motion of oil drops propelled by actin polymerization in cell extracts. drops deform and acquire a pearlike shape under the action of the elastic stresses exerted by the actin comet, a tail of cross-linked actin filaments. we solve this free boundary problem and calculate the drop shape taking into account the elasticity of the actin gel and the variation of the polymerization velocity with normal stress. the pressure balance on the liquid drop imposes a zero propulsive force if gra ...200415244616
essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review.in vitro studies have demonstrated antibacterial activity of essential oils (eos) against listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella dysenteria, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus at levels between 0.2 and 10 microl ml(-1). gram-negative organisms are slightly less susceptible than gram-positive bacteria. a number of eo components has been identified as effective antibacterials, e.g. carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, perillaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and cin ...200415246235
listeria monocytogenes isolated from cold-smoked fish products in osaka city, japan.listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat seafood products commercially available in osaka was examined between 1999 and 2000. l. monocytogenes was isolated from 12 (13%) of the 95 products tested. all positive samples were from cold-smoked fish with 9 being obtained during the summer. thirteen isolates of l. monocytogenes were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based typing methods. isolates of the same serotype originating from the s ...200415246243
cd8+ t cell contraction is controlled by early inflammation.pathogen-specific cd8(+) t cells expand in number after infection and then their numbers invariably contract by 90-95%, leaving a stable memory cell pool. the chief features of this response are programmed early after infection; however, the factors regulating contraction are mostly undefined. here we show that antibiotic treatment before listeria monocytogenes infection induced numbers of protective memory cd8(+) t cells similar to those in control infected mice, by a pathway without contractio ...200415247915
chalk and cheese. 200415248310
looking at big brothers for clues. 200415250878
antimicrobial effects of sanitizers against planktonic and sessile listeria monocytogenes cells according to the growth phase.this study was designed to investigate the individual or combined effects of sanitizers on survival of planktonic or sessile listeria monocytogenes cells at different phase of growth. the sanitizers tested included: (i) acetic acid (ph 5.0), (ii) naoh (ph 12.0), (iii) 10% na2so4, (iv) 10% na2so4 and acetic acid (ph 5.0), (v) 10% na2so4 and naoh (ph 12.0), (vi) a quaternary ammonium (20 ppm) and (vii) glyceryl monolaurate (75 ppm). results revealed a great efficacy of alkaline treatments on both ...200415251203
single-chain fv antibody with specificity for listeria monocytogenes.single chain antibodies (scfv) exhibiting specific binding to listeria monocytogenes strains were isolated from a pool of random scfvs expressed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. positive selection (panning) using l. monocytogenes was used to enrich for phage clones with the desired binding affinity, and negative selection using l. innocua and l. ivanovii was used to remove phages expressing cross-reactive antibody fragments. a single phage clone, p4:a8, was selected using two indepe ...200415251420
characterization of mesentericin st99, a bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum st99 isolated from boza.lactic acid bacteria isolated from boza, a cereal-fermented beverage from belogratchik, bulgaria, were screened for the production of bacteriocins. with the first screening, 13 of the 52 isolates inhibited the growth of listeria innocua and lactobacillus plantarum. the cell-free supernatant of one of these strains, classified as leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum st99, inhibited the growth of bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, several lactobacillus spp., lactococcus lactis subsp ...200415252717
oral immunization with recombinant listeria monocytogenes controls virus load after vaginal challenge with feline immunodeficiency virus.recombinant listeria monocytogenes has many attractive characteristics as a vaccine vector against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). wild-type and attenuated listeria strains expressing hiv gag have been shown to induce long-lived mucosal and systemic t-cell responses in mice. using the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) model of hiv we evaluated recombinant l. monocytogenes in a challenge system. five cats were immunized with recombinant l. monocytogenes that expresses the fiv gag and delive ...200415254192
genome update: annotation quality in sequenced microbial genomes. 200415256543
intraspecific phylogeny and lineage group identification based on the prfa virulence gene cluster of listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. in order to test hypotheses regarding l. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfa virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 l. monocytogenes isolates. the results of the multigene phylogenetic analys ...200415262937
chemical conjugation of heterologous proteins on the surface of cowpea mosaic virus.genetic economy leads to symmetric distributions of chemically identical subunits in icosaherdal and helical viruses. modification of the subunit genes of a variety of viruses has permitted the display of polypeptides on both the infectious virions and virus particles made in expression systems. icosahedral chimeric particles of this type often display novel properties resulting in high local concentrations of the insert. here we report an extension of this concept in which entire proteins were ...200415264868
an update on the medical management of listeriosis.it is still not quite well understood why there is no optimal or even a satisfactory antibiotic therapy for listeriosis. although almost all listeria strains that induce sepsis, meningitis and encephalitis, as well as many other manifestations--in particular, in immunocompromised individuals--are susceptible to most of the common antibiotics, the cure rate is only approximately 70%. the most effective regimen still consists of a combination of an aminopenicillin (amoxicillin or ampicillin) plus ...200415264987
neutrophil involvement in cross-priming cd8+ t cell responses to bacterial antigens.substantial cd8(+) t cell responses are generated after infection of mice with recombinant listeria monocytogenes strains expressing a model epitope (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus np(118-126)) in secreted and nonsecreted forms. l. monocytogenes gains access to the cytosol of infected cells, where secreted ags can be accessed by the endogenous mhc class i presentation pathway. however, the route of presentation of the nonsecreted ag in vivo remains undefined. in this study we show that neutr ...200415265934
a specific gene expression program triggered by gram-positive bacteria in the cytosol.innate and adaptive immunity depends critically on host recognition of pathogen-associated molecules. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are key mediators of pathogen surveillance at the cell or phagocytic vacuole surface. however, mechanisms underlying recognition of pathogens in other cellular compartments remain unclear, and responses elicited by cytosolic challenge are poorly characterized. we therefore used mouse cdna microarrays to investigate gene expression triggered by infection of bone marrow- ...200415269347
efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas as a sanitizer of lettuce leaves.aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorous acid are typically used to sanitize fresh fruits and vegetables. however, pathogenic organisms occasionally survive aqueous sanitization in sufficient numbers to cause disease outbreaks. chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas generated by a dry chemical sachet was tested against foodborne pathogens on lettuce leaves. lettuce leaves were inoculated with cocktail of three strains each of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella ...200415270488
thermal process validation for escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes in ground turkey and beef products.at 55 to 70 degrees c, thermal inactivation d-values for escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes were 19.05 to 0.038, 43.10 to 0.096, and 33.11 to 0.12 min, respectively, in ground turkey and 21.55 to 0.055, 37.04 to 0.066, and 36.90 to 0.063 min, respectively, in ground beef. the z-values were 5.73, 5.54, and 6.13 degrees c, respectively, in ground turkey and 5.43, 5.74, and 6.01 degrees c, respectively, in ground beef. in both ground turkey and beef, significant (p < 0 ...200415270492
effect of sodium lactate on thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in ground chicken thigh and leg meat.the effect of sodium lactate on thermal inactivation d- and z-values of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella was determined for chicken thigh and leg meat. at 55 to 70 degrees c, the d-value of l. monocytogenes in ground chicken thigh and leg meat with the addition of 4.8% sodium lactate (4.8 g sodium lactate per 100 g of meat) was 53 to 75% higher than that in the meat without sodium lactate. no significant difference was found for the d-values of salmonella at 55 to 70 degrees c between the m ...200415270493
use of carvacrol and cymene to control growth and viability of listeria monocytogenes cells and predictions of survivors using frequency distribution functions.the antibacterial action of carvacrol and cymene on two listeria monocytogenes strains (stcc4031 and nctn4032) was studied. carvacrol or cymene showed inhibitory effect on the growth of l. monocytogenes during lag and exponential growth phases and was more evident with increasing concentrations in brain heart infusion broth at 30 degrees c. carvacrol or cymene also decreased the survival of mid-exponential-growth-phase l. monocytogenes stcc4031 cells in potassium-n-2-hydroxy-ethylpiperazine-n-et ...200415270494
distribution of listeria monocytogenes molecular subtypes among human and food isolates from new york state shows persistence of human disease--associated listeria monocytogenes strains in retail environments.while there is considerable information available regarding listeria monocytogenes contamination patterns in food processing plants, our understanding of l. monocytogenes contamination and transmission in retail operations is limited. we characterized 125 food, 40 environmental, and 342 human clinical l. monocytogenes isolates collected in new york state from 1997 to 2002 using automated ribotyping and hly allelic variation. all environmental isolates were obtained from retail establishments and ...200415270495
survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes in kimchi.the survival of gram-positive and gram-negative foodborne pathogens in both commercial and laboratory-prepared kimchi (a traditional fermented food widely consumed in japan) was investigated. it was found that escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes could survive in both commercial and laboratory-prepared kimchi inoculated with these pathogens and incubated at 10 degrees c for 7 days. however, when incubation was prolonged, the s. aureu ...200415270509
the bax pcr assay for screening listeria monocytogenes targets a partial putative gene lmo2234.the bax pcr for screening listeria monocytogenes is a commercial pcr assay for specifically targeting l. monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that can contaminate a variety of foods and cause a potentially fatal disease, listeriosis, among high-risk populations. the high specificity (> 98%) of this pcr assay is achieved by targeting a species-specific genomic region (approximately 400 bp) presumably found only in l. monocytogenes. in this study, the identity of the bax pcr-targeted genomic region ...200415270511
sequence and binding activity of the autolysin-adhesin ami from epidemic listeria monocytogenes 4b.ami is an autolytic amidase from listeria monocytogenes that is targeted to the bacterial surface via its c-terminal cell wall anchoring (cwa) domain. we recently showed that the cwa domain from ami of l. monocytogenes egd (serovar 1/2a) (ami 1/2a) mediated bacterial binding to mammalian cells. here we studied the sequence and binding properties of ami from chut 82337 (serovar 4b) (ami 4b). the ami 4b polypeptide is predicted to be 770 amino acids long (compared with the 917 amino acids of ami 1 ...200415271896
cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the glycopeptide antibiotic oritavancin (ly333328) in a model of j774 mouse macrophages.the intracellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oritavancin (ly333328) were studied in cultured cells. oritavancin was avidly accumulated by j774 and thp-1 macrophages and rat fibroblasts and to a lesser extent by llc-pk1 and caco-2 cells. in j774 macrophages, the level of accumulation reached a plateau (at 370-fold the extracellular concentration) within 24 h and was partly defeated by a rise in serum protein levels. efflux was incomplete (with a plateau at two-thirds of the original ...200415273091
application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections.a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ...200415279944
antimicrobial activity of reuterin in combination with nisin against food-borne pathogens.antimicrobial activity of reuterin individually or in combination with nisin against different food-borne gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in milk was investigated. reuterin (8 au/ml) exhibited bacteriostatic activity against listeria monocytogenes, whereas its activity was slightly bactericidal against staphylococcus aureus at 37 degrees c. higher bactericidal activity was detected against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis, yersinia enterocolitica, a ...200415282134
changes in the immune functions and susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice fed dietary lipids.the direct examination of the effects that fish oil diets (composed of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) exert on immune system function indicates a reduction of host natural resistance to infectious diseases mainly because of a suppression of immune function generated by the fatty acids contained in this diet. here, we evaluated the concentration of il-12, il-4, prostaglandin e2 and leukotriene b4 in the serum from balb/c mice receiving four different diets. each group was fed a diet ...200415283846
thermal inactivation of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in ground chicken thigh/leg meat and skin.thermal inactivation d and z values of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes were obtained for chicken thigh and leg meat and skin. the d values of salmonella at 55 to 70 degrees c were 43.33 to 0.07 min in the meat and 43.76 to 0.09 min in the skin. the d values of l. monocytogenes at 55 to 70 degrees c were 38.94 to 0.04 min in the meat and 34.05 to 0.05 min in the skin. the z value of salmonella was 5.34 degrees c in the meat and 5.56 degrees c in the skin. the z value of l. monocytogenes was ...200415285516
progress towards the use of listeria monocytogenes as a live bacterial vaccine vector for the delivery of hiv antigens.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that enters the cell by phagocytosis after which it colonizes the cytosol of the host cell. it is thus a potent vaccine vector for the presentation of passenger antigens to the major histocompatability complex class ii and class i pathways of antigen processing and presentation. this article shall review the progress made in developing this unusual bacterium as a vaccine vector. in mouse models, recombinant listeria carrying a numbe ...200415285711
use of a fluorescent viability stain to assess lethal and sublethal injury in food-borne bacteria exposed to high-intensity pulsed electric fields.to apply scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and a fluorescent viability stain to assess lethal and sublethal in food-borne bacteria exposed to high-intensity pulsed electric fields (pef).200415287869
quantification of listeria monocytogenes in fermented sausages by mpn-pcr method.to combine the principles of most-probable-number (mpn) statistics and the conventional pcr technique to enumerate listeria monocytogenes in fermented sausages.200415287877
retrieving sequences of enzymes experimentally characterized but erroneously annotated : the case of the putrescine carbamoyltransferase.annotating genomes remains an hazardous task. mistakes or gaps in such a complex process may occur when relevant knowledge is ignored, whether lost, forgotten or overlooked. this paper exemplifies an approach which could help to resuscitate such meaningful data.200415287962
expression of mptc of listeria monocytogenes induces sensitivity to class iia bacteriocins in lactococcus lactis.sensitivity to class iia bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria was recently associated with the mannose phosphotransferase system (pts) permease, in listeria monocytogenes. to assess the involvement of this protein complex in class iia bacteriocin activity, the mptacd operon, encoding, was heterologously expressed in an insensitive species, namely lactococcus lactis, using the nice double plasmid system. upon induction of the cloned operon, the recombinant lc. lactis became sensitive to leucoci ...200415289562
hypochlorite inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes in phosphate buffer.the inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes in a phosphate buffer (pb) was determined at different hypochlorite concentrations, ph values and temperatures. d-values, using a linear regression, of l. monocytogenes in pb (ph 6.5) were 23.54, 17.40, 14.24 and 12.00s at 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg l(-1) hypochlorite, respectively, at 30 degrees c. the k-values ranged from 0.098 to 0.192s(-1) and 0.007 to 0.018s(-1) for hypochlorite concentrations (from 5 to 100 mg l(-1)) in pb (ph 6.5) and pb conta ...200415293951
ecology and transmission of listeria monocytogenes infecting ruminants and in the farm environment.a case-control study involving 24 case farms with at least one recent case of listeriosis and 28 matched control farms with no listeriosis cases was conducted to probe the transmission and ecology of listeria monocytogenes on farms. a total of 528 fecal, 516 feed, and 1,012 environmental soil and water samples were cultured for l. monocytogenes. while the overall prevalence of l. monocytogenes in cattle case farms (24.4%) was similar to that in control farms (20.2%), small-ruminant (goat and she ...200415294773
mutational analysis of mesentericin y105, an anti-listeria bacteriocin, for determination of impact on bactericidal activity, in vitro secondary structure, and membrane interaction.mesentericin y105 is a 37-residue bacteriocin produced by leuconostoc mesenteroides y105 that displays antagonistic activity against gram-positive bacteria such as enterococcus faecalis and listeria monocytogenes. it is closely related to leucocin a, an antimicrobial peptide containing beta-sheet and alpha-helical structures. to analyze structure-function relationships and the mode of action of this bacteriocin, we generated a collection of mesentericin derivatives. mutations were obtained mostl ...200415294801
mechanisms regulating the positioning of mouse p47 resistance gtpases lrg-47 and iigp1 on cellular membranes: retargeting to plasma membrane induced by phagocytosis.the recently identified p47 gtpases are one of the most effective cell-autonomous resistance systems known against intracellular pathogens in the mouse. one member of the family, lrg-47, has been shown to be essential for immune control in vivo of listeria monocytogenes, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium avium, possibly by promoting acidification of the phagosome. however, the intracellular localization of lrg-47, and the nature of its association with the phagosom ...200415294976
cytoplasmic entry of listeria monocytogenes enhances dendritic cell maturation and t cell differentiation and function.protective immunity to the intracellular bacterial pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, is mediated by a vigorous t cell response. in particular, cd8(+) cytolytic t cells provide essential effector function in the clearance of bacterial infection. the cytoplasmic entry of listeria facilitated by listeriolysin o is an essential feature not only of the bacteria's virulence, but of the ability of the bacteria to elicit protective immunity in the host. to determine how cytoplasmic entry of listeria reg ...200415294981
[epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in france in 2002].in france, two sources of data, the mandatory notification and the hospital laboratory network epibac, allow the health authorities to monitor the incidence of bacterial meningitis. in 2002 around 1,500 cases were estimated in france. the more common microorganisms were: streptococcus pneumoniae 49% (incidence 1.19/100,000), neisseria meningitidis 33% (incidence 0.83) and streptococcus agalactiae (streptococcus b) 11% (incidence 0.27). listeria monocytogenes accounted for 4% of the cases (incide ...200415296270
differentiation of the major listeria monocytogenes serovars by multiplex pcr.a new multiplex pcr assay was developed to separate the four major listeria monocytogenes serovars isolated from food and patients (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b) into distinct groups. the pcr test, which constitutes a rapid and practical alternative to laborious classical serotyping, was successfully evaluated with 222 listeria strains.200415297538
catabolite repression and virulence gene expression in listeria monocytogenes.previous studies have suggested that carbohydrates may affect expression of virulence genes in listeria monocytogenes. which carbohydrates influence virulence gene expression and how carbohydrates mediate expression, however, is not clear. the goal of this work was to examine how carbohydrates affect virulence gene expression in l. monocytogenes 10403s. growth studies were conducted in medium containing glucose and various sugars. metabolism of arbutin, arabitol, cellobiose, mannose, maltose, tr ...200415297913
cd4+ t cells are required for the maintenance, not programming, of memory cd8+ t cells after acute infection.immunization in the absence of cd4(+) t cell help results in defective cd8(+) t cell memory, deficient recall responses and diminished protective immunity. here we investigated at what stage during the immune response to pathogen cd4(+) t cells are essential in the promotion of functional cd8(+) t cell memory. memory cd8(+) t cell numbers decreased gradually in the absence of cd4(+) t cells despite the presence of similar numbers of memory cell precursors at the peak of the effector phase. adopt ...200415300249
mice lacking the type i interferon receptor are resistant to listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that induces a cytosolic signaling cascade resulting in expression of interferon (ifn)-beta. although type i ifns are critical in viral defense, their role in immunity to bacterial pathogens is much less clear. in this study, we addressed the role of type i ifns by examining the infection of l. monocytogenes in balb/c mice lacking the type i ifn receptor (ifn-alpha/betar-/-). during the first 24 h of infection in vivo, ifn-alpha/beta ...200415302899
type i interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to listeria infection.infection with listeria monocytogenes causes lymphocyte apoptosis that is mediated by the actions of the pore-forming virulence factor listeriolysin o (llo). previous work showed that activated lymphocytes were highly sensitive to llo-induced apoptosis, whereas resting lymphocytes were less susceptible. we now show that mice deficient in the type i interferon (ifn) receptor were more resistant to listeria infection and had less apoptotic lesions than wild-type counterparts. furthermore, treatmen ...200415302900
type i interferon production enhances susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes infection.numerous bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide potently induce type i interferons (ifns); however, the contribution of this innate response to host defense against bacterial infection remains unclear. although mice deficient in either ifn regulatory factor (irf)3 or the type i ifn receptor (ifnar)1 are highly susceptible to viral infection, we show that these mice exhibit a profound resistance to infection caused by the gram-positive intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes compare ...200415302901
listeria monocytogenes regulates flagellar motility gene expression through mogr, a transcriptional repressor required for virulence.previous studies have shown that listeria monocytogenes flagellar motility genes, including flaa, encoding flagellin, are transcriptionally down-regulated at 37 degrees c. for some l. monocytogenes strains, temperature-dependent motility gene expression is less stringent. by using flaa-lacz transcriptional fusions, we identified regions upstream of the -35/-10 promoter elements that are necessary for temperature-dependent expression of flaa in l. monocytogenes strain egde. whereas the sequence o ...200415302931
antibody-mediated activation of the classical pathway of complement may compensate for mannose-binding lectin deficiency.deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (mbl), a recognition molecule of the lectin pathway of complement, is associated with increased susceptibility to infections. the high frequency of mbl deficiency suggests that defective mbl-mediated innate immunity can be compensated by alternative defense strategies. to examine this hypothesis, complement activation by mbl-binding ligands was studied. the results show that the prototypic mbl ligand mannan can induce complement activation via both the lectin ...200415307191
nationwide survey of human listeria monocytogenes infection in japan.listeriosis, caused by listeria monocytogenes, is a significant public-health concern as a result of its clinical severity and high mortality. large foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis have occurred during the last two decades in europe and the united states, but to date there have been no food-mediated epidemics of the disease and very little information is available on the number of cases of listeriosis in japan. we performed a nationwide surveillance study of listeriosis. the data were collect ...200415310181
characteristics of the gastritis induced by listeria monocytogenes in mice: microbiology, histopathology, and mrna expression of inflammatory mediators with time course of infection.listeria monocytogenes induces the suppurative gastritis in some mice strains. in this study, characteristics of the gastritis caused by l. monocytogenes infection in mice were examined with time course of infection. mice were administered intragastrically with 1.8 x 10(8) cfu of l. monocytogenes. each three mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 days postinoculation (pi), respectively. bacterial colonization in the stomachs reached the peak at 3 days ...200415312848
cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells that secrete tgfbeta and il-10 are preferentially induced by a vaccine vector.cd4cd25 t cells generated in a vaccine scenario can play a critical role in limiting antitumor therapy, thus having widespread implications for the immunotherapy-based treatment of cancer. the authors previously used listeria monocytogenes to develop two vaccine constructs that express hpv-16 e7 protein and induce strong cellular immunity to hpv-e7-expressing tumors. immunization of mice bearing established e7-expressing tumors with lm-llo-e7 induced regression of the tumors, whereas lm-e7 showe ...200415314542
splenic norepinephrine and serum corticosterone level fluctuations associated with bacteria-induced stress.corticosterone (cort) and norepinephrine (ne), two effector molecules of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) and the sympathetic-lymphoid (sl) axes, respectively, differentially influence murine host resistance to listeria monocytogenes (lm). serum cort and splenic ne levels early (< or =24 h) after infection correlated positively with host resistance, as long as the lm burden did not exceed approximately 10(6) cfu lm per spleen. as previously reported, mice with right-circling preference ( ...200415316243
roles of reactive oxygen species and heme oxygenase-1 in modulation of alveolar macrophage-mediated pulmonary immune responses to listeria monocytogenes by diesel exhaust particles.diesel exhaust particles (dep) have been shown to suppress alveolar macrophage (am)-mediated pulmonary immune responses to listeria monocytogenes in vivo. in this study, effects of dep-derived reactive oxygen species (ros) and heme oxygenase (ho)-1 on am-mediated immune responses to l. monocytogenes were investigated. brown norway rats were intratracheally inoculated with 100,000 l. monocytogenes, and am were isolated at 7 days post-infection. exposure to dep or their organic extract (edep), but ...200415319486
a novel mutation within the central listeria monocytogenes regulator prfa that results in constitutive expression of virulence gene products.the prfa protein of listeria monocytogenes functions as a key regulatory factor for the coordinated expression of many virulence genes during bacterial infection of host cells. prfa activity is controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms, including an apparent requirement for either the presence of a cofactor or some form of posttranslational modification that regulates the activation of prfa. in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel prfa mutation that resul ...200415342597
rsbt and rsbv contribute to sigmab-dependent survival under environmental, energy, and intracellular stress conditions in listeria monocytogenes.sigma b (sigma(b)) is a stress-responsive alternative sigma factor that has been identified in various gram-positive bacteria. seven different regulators of sigma b (rsbs) are located in the sigb operons of both bacillus subtilis and listeria monocytogenes. in b. subtilis, these proteins contribute to regulation of sigma(b) activity by conveying environmental and energy stress signals through two well-established branches of a signal transduction pathway. rsbt contributes to regulation of sigma( ...200415345420
molecular fingerprinting of dairy microbial ecosystems by use of temporal temperature and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.numerous microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds, constitute the complex ecosystem present in milk and fermented dairy products. our aim was to describe the bacterial ecosystem of various cheeses that differ by production technology and therefore by their bacterial content. for this purpose, we developed a rapid, semisystematic approach based on genetic profiling by temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (ttge) for bacteria with low-g+c-content genomes and denaturing gradien ...200415345452
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes in fish and meat systems by use of oregano and cranberry phytochemical synergies.optimized phenolics from oregano and cranberry extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes in laboratory media and in beef and fish. the antimicrobial activity increased when oregano and cranberry extracts were mixed at a ratio of 75% oregano and 25% cranberry (wt/wt) with 0.1 mg of phenolic per disk or ml, and the efficacy was further enhanced by lactic acid. the inhibition by phytochemical and lactic acid synergies was most effective when beef and fish sli ...200415345457
[influence of volatile metabolites of saprophytic soil microflora on the propagation of pathogenic bacteria].the influence of volatile metabolites of saprophytic soil microflora on the propagation of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis is shown. different character of interspecific relationships between bacteria, influencing their propagation, can be observed on the metabolic level. volatile compounds produced by microorganisms are capable to act as both intra- and interspecific regulators of microbial communities. in this connection the propagation of pathogenic bacteria inhabiting ...200415346944
cell-surface alterations in class iia bacteriocin-resistant listeria monocytogenes strains.strains of the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes, showing either intermediate or high-level resistance to class iia bacteriocins, were investigated to determine characteristics that correlated with their sensitivity levels. two intermediate and one highly resistant spontaneous mutant of l. monocytogenes b73, a highly resistant mutant of l. monocytogenes 412, and a highly resistant, defined (mpta) mutant of l. monocytogenes egde were compared with their respective wild-type strains in or ...200415347760
modulation of t cell development and activation by novel members of the schlafen (slfn) gene family harbouring an rna helicase-like motif.the regulatory networks governing development and differentiation of hematopoietic cells are incompletely understood. members of the schlafen (slfn) protein family have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and t cell development. we have identified and chromosomally mapped four new members, slfn5, slfn8, slfn9 and slfn10, which belong to a distinct subgroup within this gene family. the characteristic feature of these proteins is the presence of sequence motifs identifying them as dis ...200415351786
antibacterial effect of crude water-soluble arrowroot (puerariae radix) tea extracts on food-borne pathogens in liquid medium.to evaluate the effect of crude water-soluble arrowroot tea extracts on microbial growth of food-borne pathogens in liquid medium and to confirm the damage to bacterial cells using transmission electronic microscopy (tem).200415355532
fas-fas ligand interactions are essential for the binding to and killing of activated macrophages by gamma delta t cells.gammadelta t cells have a direct role in resolving the host immune response to infection by eliminating populations of activated macrophages. macrophage reactivity resides within the vgamma1/vdelta6.3 subset of gammadelta t cells, which have the ability to kill activated macrophages following infection with listeria monocytogenes (lm). however, it is not known how gammadelta t cell macrophage cytocidal activity is regulated, or what effector mechanisms gammadelta t cells use to kill activated ma ...200415356111
the development of functional cd8 t cell memory after listeria monocytogenes infection is not dependent on cd40.the immunologic requirements for generating long-lived protective cd8 t cell memory remain unclear. memory cd8 populations generated in the absence of cd4 th cells reportedly have functional defects, and at least a subset of cd8 t cells transiently express cd40 after activation, suggesting that direct cd4-cd8 t cell interactions through cd40 may influence the magnitude and functional quality of memory cd8 populations. to ascertain the role of cd40 in such direct t cell interactions, we investiga ...200415356158
time-temperature profiles of chilled ready-to-eat foods in school catering and probabilistic analysis of listeria monocytogenes growth.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chill chain in school catering by monitoring time-temperature profiles. chilled ready-to-eat foods have been chosen as subject of this study because of their high risk due to their production, storage and distribution steps, separated in time, followed by consumption without any further thermal treatment. in order to integrate the effects of storage duration and storage temperature, a quantitative criterion, namely "tte" or "time-temperature equivale ...200415358505
molecular epidemiology and disinfectant susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes from meat processing plants and human infections.we have investigated the molecular epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes from the meat processing industry producing cold cuts and from cases of human listeriosis by discriminative pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). a subset of the isolates was also investigated for susceptibility to a disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium compounds (qac) frequently used in the meat processing industry. the purpose of this investigation was to obtain knowledge of sources, routes of contamination and g ...200415358509
toll-like receptor 2-dependent bacterial sensing does not occur via peptidoglycan recognition.toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) has been shown to recognize several classes of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including peptidoglycan (pg). however, studies linking pg with tlr2 recognition have relied mainly on the use of commercial staphylococcus aureus pg and have not addressed tlr2 recognition of other pg types. using highly purified pgs from eight bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, helicobacter pylori, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogen ...200415359270
evaluation of meat born lactic acid bacteria as protective cultures for the biopreservation of cooked meat products.in this study, 91 strains, originating from meat products, were subjected to a step-by-step screening and characterisation to search for potential protective cultures to be used in the cooked cured meat industry. strains were first tested on their homofermentative and psychrotrophic character and salt tolerance. secondly, the antibacterial capacities towards listeria monocytogenes, leuconostoc mesenteroides, leuconostoc carnosum and brochotrix thermosphacta were determined in an agar spot test. ...200415364469
growth of listeria monocytogenes as influenced by viscosity and water activity.the effects of osmotic stress on listeria monocytogenes growth parameters was examined in relation to the viscosity of the growth media. in low-viscosity systems, growth of l. monocytogenes in glucose-supplemented media was comparable to growth in sucrose-supplemented media. the relative lag time (rlt: the lag time divided by the generation time) responses were found to increase in the more restrictive water activity conditions. in high-viscosity systems containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp), gr ...200415364472
listeria-based cancer vaccines that segregate immunogenicity from toxicity.the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes is being developed as a cancer vaccine platform because of its ability to induce potent innate and adaptive immunity. for successful clinical application, it is essential to develop a listeria platform strain that is safe yet retains the potency of vaccines based on wild-type bacteria. here, we report the development of a recombinant live-attenuated vaccine platform strain that retains the potency of the fully virulent pathogen, comb ...200415365184
a case of listerial meningitis treated with a regimen containing panipenem-betamipron.although panipenem-betamipron, which is commercially available only in japan, is recommended for treatment of pediatric bacterial meningitis by some experts, only a limited number of clinical studies have been reported. in the present report, we describe a 2-year-old boy with meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes who was treated with a regimen containing panipenem-betamipron and recovered without any apparent neurological sequelae. on the basis of our experience and previous reports, panip ...200415365867
discrimination of intact and injured listeria monocytogenes by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis.fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir, 4000-600 cm(-)(1)) was used to discriminate between intact and sonication-injured listeria monocytogenes atcc 19114 and to distinguish this strain from other selected listeria strains (l. innocua atcc 51742, l. innocua atcc 33090, and l. monocytogenes atcc 7644). ft-ir vibrational overtone and combination bands from mid-ir active components of intact and injured bacterial cells produced distinctive "fingerprints" at wavenumbers between 1500 and 800 ...200415366818
expression of housekeeping and immunoproteasome subunit genes is differentially regulated in positively and negatively selecting thymic stroma subsets.the expression of housekeeping and/or immunoproteasomes in isolated thymic stroma subsets has so far not been analyzed but may have important consequences for self peptide repertoires presented by mhc class i molecules during positive and negative thymic selection. here we determined the expression of housekeeping and immunoproteasome beta subunits and of pa28 in positively and negatively selecting stroma subsets. positively selecting cortical thymic epithelial cells (ctec) expressed only housek ...200415368284
genetic characterization of listeria monocytogenes food isolates and pathogenic potential within serovars 1/2a and 1/2b.a total of 39 listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from raw milk, smoked meat, chicken carcass and reference strains, belonging to serovars 1/2a, 4a, 1/2b, 3b and 4b, were analysed by rapd and by polymorphisms of the virulent genes inlab and iap. ten isolates, belonging to serovars 1/2a and 1/2b and, collected from raw milk and smoked meat, were further tested for pathogenicity by ip injection into mice. the clustering of the 39 l. monocytogenes strains in 3 groups at 0.45 similarity level, b ...200415368851
sensitivity to ozone, diesel exhaust particles, and standardized ambient particulate matter in rats with a listeria monocytogenes-induced respiratory infection.ambient particulate matter may increase respiratory allergic skewing of the t-cell-mediated immune response toward a t-helper-2 (th2) response, with the consequence that the th1 response develops less well. successful clearing of a respiratory bacterial infection depends on an adequate th1 immune response; therefore, the subject would not control the infection as well if exposed to particulate matter. to substantiate this hypothesis, we examined the effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles ...200415371182
glycopeptide derived from hen egg ovomucin has the ability to bind enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7.ovomucin glycopeptide (ogp) was prepared by size exclusion chromatography after pronase digestion of hen egg ovomucin, and the binding of ogp to foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus,clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus) was investigaed. binding assays with biotinylated bacteria as probes in microtiter plates showed that ogp bound to only e. coli o157:h7 among these foodborne pathogens. ...200415373418
molecular subtyping and tracking of listeria monocytogenes in latin-style fresh-cheese processing plants.latin-style fresh cheeses, which have been linked to at least 2 human listeriosis outbreaks in the united states, are considered to be high-risk foods for listeria monocytogenes contamination. we evaluated l. monocytogenes contamination patterns in 3 latin-style fresh-cheese processing plants to gain a better understanding of l. monocytogenes contamination sources in the manufacture of these cheeses. over a 6-mo period, 246 environmental samples were collected and analyzed for l. monocytogenes u ...200415375038
prevalence of salmonellae, listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk on us dairies.the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk in the united states. as part of the nahms dairy 2002 survey, 861 bulk tank milk samples were collected from farms in 21 states. milk was directly plated on selective agars for direct bacterial enumeration and was enriched in selective broths to increase detection sensitivity. somatic cell counts (scc) and standard plate counts (spc) were also determined. colif ...200415375040
two-dimensional electrophoresis database of listeria monocytogenes egde proteome and proteomic analysis of mid-log and stationary growth phase cells.listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, one of the most significant foodborne diseases in industrialized countries. the complete genome of the l. monocytogenes egde strain, belonging to the serogroup 1/2a, has been sequenced and is comprised of 2853 open reading frames. the objective of the current study was to construct a two-dimensional (2-d) database of the proteome of this strain. the soluble protein fractions of the microorganism were recovered either in the mid-log or ...200415378702
the cell wall subproteome of listeria monocytogenes.the surface subproteome of listeria monocytogenes that includes many proteins already known to be involved in virulence and interaction with host cells has been characterized. a new method for the isolation of a defined surface proteome of low complexity has been established based on serial extraction of proteins by different salts at high concentration, and in all 55 proteins were identified by n-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry. about 16% of these proteins are of unknown function and ...200415378750
[rhombencephalitis caused by listeria: clinical-radiological correlation].rhombencephalitis due to listeria is a serious and infrequent infection of the brainstem. it principally affects subjects who were previously healthy. it shows itself clinically in two phases: the first with unspecific symptoms, which could last one week, and the second with the appearance of focal neurologic signs at the level of the brainstem. we present the case of a patient with rhombencephalitis due to listeria that began initially with headache, nauseas and fever and after ten days the pat ...200415381957
photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria.bacterial contamination of platelet (plt) concentrates can result in transfusion-transmitted sepsis. a photochemical treatment (pct) process with amotosalen hcl and long-wavelength ultraviolet light (uva), which cross-links nucleic acids, was developed to inactivate bacteria and other pathogens in plt concentrates.200415383024
intestinal epithelial antigen induces mucosal cd8 t cell tolerance, activation, and inflammatory response.intestinal autoimmune diseases are thought to be associated with a breakdown in tolerance, leading to mucosal lymphocyte activation perhaps as a result of encounter with bacterium-derived ag. to study mucosal cd8(+) t cell activation, tolerance, and polarization of autoimmune reactivity to self-ag, we developed a novel (fabpl(4x at -132)-ova) transgenic mouse model expressing a truncated form of ova in intestinal epithelia of the terminal ileum and colon. we found that ova-specific cd8(+) t cell ...200415383561
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