Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [class 1 integrons among salmonella enterica isolates producing different types of beta-lactamases from the health region of tortosa (spain)]. | to assess the frequency of class 1 integrons among isolates of salmonella enterica producing different types of beta-lactamases from the health region of tortosa, and to attempt to establish the resistance genes located within their variable regions. | 2005 | 15899175 |
| spatial distribution of antibodies to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium o antigens in bulk milk from texas dairy herds. | environmental factors that enhance either the survivability or dispersion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) could result in a spatial pattern of disease risk. the objectives of this study were to: (1) describe herd status based on antibody response to salmonella typhimurium as estimated from bulk tank milk samples and (2) to describe the resulting geographical patterns found among texas dairy herds. eight hundred and fifty-two bulk milk samples were collected from geore ... | 2005 | 15899296 |
| residue leu-641 of acetyl-coa synthetase is critical for the acetylation of residue lys-609 by the protein acetyltransferase enzyme of salmonella enterica. | posttranslational regulation of protein function by acetylation is present throughout nature. regulation of protein function by sir2 protein (sirtuin) deacetylases is conserved in all domains of life. in the prokaryote salmonella enterica, the metabolic enzyme acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase (acs) is regulated by a sir2-dependent protein acetylation/deacetylation system (sdpads). the recent identification of the acetyltransferase enzyme responsible for the acetylation of acs defined the sdpads in p ... | 2005 | 15899897 |
| [a case with fever of unknown origin during treatment for malaria: multi-drug resistant salmonella typhi infection]. | typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by salmonella serotype typhi, leading to endemic or epidemic outbreaks in tropical/ subtropical countries (especially in india, southeast asia, central and south africa). in this report, a 27 years old male patient with malaria has been presented. the patient was diagnosed to have malaria while working in afghanistan, and received malaria treatment since one month. he admitted to our hospital because of still continuing high fever, and other co ... | 2005 | 15900841 |
| a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ... | 2005 | 15901718 |
| the intracellular fate of salmonella depends on the recruitment of kinesin. | salmonella enterica causes a variety of diseases, including gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. the success of this pathogen depends on its capacity to proliferate within host cells in a membrane-bound compartment. we found that the salmonella-containing vacuole recruited the plus-end-directed motor kinesin. bacterial effector proteins translocated into the host cell by a type iii secretion system antagonistically regulated this event. among these effectors, sifa targeted skip, a host protein tha ... | 2005 | 15905402 |
| identification and sequencing of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates obtained from patients with perforation and non-perforation typhoid fever. | we describe the characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhi, isolated from the blood of patients with perforation and non-perforation typhoid fever, by a combination of conventional microbiological tests, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and flagellin gene and cdp-tyvelose epimerase (rfbe) gene sequencing. the 16s rrna gene sequencing showed that there were four base mutations from perforation samples and only three from non-perforation samples. these findings indicated that the isolates were ... | 2005 | 15906653 |
| cryptic plasmid prk2 from escherichia coli w: sequence analysis and segregational stability. | cryptic plasmid prk2 of the strain escherichia coli w (atcc 9637), an ancestor of production strains for penicillin g acylase, was sequenced and characterized. based on the data on replication region and origin (ori sequence aac, 924-926nt), the plasmid was classified as cole1-like plasmid. dna sequence analysis revealed five orfs hypothetical products of which shared a significant sequence similarity with putative proteins encoded by dna of plasmid pcole1. orf1 codes for protein rom involved in ... | 2005 | 15907542 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 2 is necessary for complete virulence in a mouse model of infectious enterocolitis. | salmonella species cause a wide range of disease in multiple hosts. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium causes self-limited intestinal disease in humans and systemic typhoid-like illness in susceptible mice. the prevailing dogma in murine s. enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenesis is that distinct virulence mechanisms-salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi1 and spi2)-perform distinct roles in pathogenesis, the former being important for invasion and intestinal disease and the latter ... | 2005 | 15908346 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colitis in germfree mice and mice pretreated with streptomycin. | salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium is a common cause of bacterial enterocolitis. mice are generally protected from salmonella serovar typhimurium colonization and enterocolitis by their resident intestinal microflora. this phenomenon is called "colonization resistance" (cr). two murine salmonella serovar typhimurium infection models are based on the neutralization of cr: (i) in specific-pathogen-free mice pretreated with streptomycin (strspf mice) antibiotics disrupt the intest ... | 2005 | 15908347 |
| the salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium lpf, bcf, stb, stc, std, and sth fimbrial operons are required for intestinal persistence in mice. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium causes human infections that can frequently be traced back through the food chain to healthy livestock whose intestine is colonized by the pathogen. little is known about the genes important for intestinal carriage of s. enterica serotype typhimurium in vertebrate animals. here we characterized the role of 10 fimbrial operons, agf, fim, lpf, pef, bcf, stb, stc, std, stf, and sth, using competitive infection experiments performed in genetically susceptible ... | 2005 | 15908362 |
| the vi capsular antigen of salmonella enterica serotype typhi reduces toll-like receptor-dependent interleukin-8 expression in the intestinal mucosa. | human infections with nontyphoidal salmonella serotypes, such as s. enterica serotype typhimurium, are characterized by a massive neutrophil influx in the colon and terminal ileum. in contrast, neutrophils are scarce in intestinal infiltrates of typhoid fever patients. here, we show that in s. enterica serotype typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, expression of the vi capsular antigen reduced expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (il-8) in host cells. capsulated bact ... | 2005 | 15908363 |
| gamma interferon enhances internalization and early nonoxidative killing of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by human macrophages and modifies cytokine responses. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is a critical cytokine in host defense against salmonella infections, but its role in phagocytic killing of intracellular salmonella spp. has been investigated mainly in animal rather than human cells. we measured the effect of recombinant ifn-gamma (rifn-gamma) priming on bacterial internalization, intracellular killing, oxidative burst, and cytokine release during phagocytosis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm). e ... | 2005 | 15908373 |
| immunization of volunteers with salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain ty21a elicits the oligoclonal expansion of cd8+ t cells with predominant vbeta repertoires. | cd8(+) t cells are likely to play an important role in host defense against salmonella enterica serovar typhi by several effector mechanisms, including lysis of infected cells (cytotoxicity) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) secretion. in an effort to better understand these responses, we studied the t-cell receptor (tcr) repertoire of serovar typhi-specific cd8(+) t cells in humans. to this end, we determined the tcr beta chain (vbeta) usage of cd8(+) t cells from three volunteers orally immuniz ... | 2005 | 15908381 |
| molecular and functional characterization of o antigen transfer in vibrio cholerae. | the majority of gram-negative bacteria transfer o antigen polysaccharides onto the lipid a-core oligosaccharide via the action of surface polymer:lipid a-core ligases (waal). here, we characterize the waal proteins of vibrio cholerae with emphasis on structural and functional characterization of o antigen transfer and core oligosaccharide recognition. we demonstrate that the activity of two distantly related o antigen ligases is dependent on the presence of n-acetylglucosamine, and substitution ... | 2005 | 15908430 |
| genetic basis of antimicrobial drug resistance in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype hadar from a spanish region. | the genetic bases of antimicrobial drug resistance (r) of 79 salmonella enterica serotype hadar clinical isolates (recovered during 1995-2001 in a spanish region) was investigated. the isolates showed a limited genomic variation, as demonstrated by pfge analysis using xbai (three profiles, s>or=0.77) and blni (seven profiles, s>or=0.49; with 95% of the isolates falling into two clusters, s>or=0.75). thirteen r-profiles, ranging from susceptible to multidrug resistant, were recognized. all suscep ... | 2005 | 15910235 |
| identification of ctx-m-14 {beta}-lactamase in a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolate from japan. | we analyzed the resistance to cefotaxime of a salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolate from a stool culture of a 4-year-old boy. it produced a beta-lactamase ctx-m-14, encoded by two related r plasmids. the region surrounding the blactx-m-14 gene had an original mosaic structure containing insertion sequences (is26 and is903d). | 2005 | 15917576 |
| problem pathogens: extra-intestinal complications of salmonella enterica serotype typhi infection. | typhoid fever, caused by salmonella enterica seroptype typhi (s typhi), has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 12-33 million cases. the pathogenesis of this disease depends on the ingested inoculum size of s typhi, the virulence of the strain, the host's immune response and previous exposure, and local protective factors. numerous extra-intestinal complications can occur with s typhi infection, including the involvement of the central nervous system (3-35%), cardiovascular system (1-5%), pulmo ... | 2005 | 15919620 |
| paneth cell alpha-defensins: peptide mediators of innate immunity in the small intestine. | epithelial cells contribute to innate immunity by releasing antimicrobial peptides (amps) onto mucosal surfaces. in the small bowel, paneth cells at the base of the crypts of lieberkühn secrete alpha-defensins and additional amps at high levels in response to cholinergic stimulation and when exposed to bacterial antigens. the release of paneth cell products into the crypt lumen is inferred to protect mitotically active crypt cells that renew the epithelial cell monolayer from colonization by pot ... | 2005 | 15931529 |
| identification of plasmids by pcr-based replicon typing. | the epidemiological importance of tracing plasmids conferring drug resistance prompted us to develop a pcr method based on replicons (inc/rep pcr) of the major plasmid incompatibility groups among enterobacteriaceae. eighteen pairs of primers were designed to perform 5 multiplex- and 3 simplex-pcrs, recognizing fia, fib, fic, hi1, hi2, i1-igamma, l/m, n, p, w, t, a/c, k, b/o, x, y, f, and fiia. the specificity of the method was tested on a collection of 61 reference plasmids and on 20 salmonella ... | 2005 | 15935499 |
| hyper-susceptibility of a fusidic acid-resistant mutant of salmonella to different classes of antibiotics. | fusidic acid resistance (fus(r)) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is caused by mutations in fusa, encoding elongation factor g (ef-g). pleiotropic phenotypes are observed in fus(r) mutants. thus, the fusa1 allele (ef-g p413l) is associated with slow growth rate, reduced ppgpp and rpos levels, reduced heme levels, and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. the fusa1-15 allele, (ef-g p413l and t423i) derived from fusa1 in a selection for growth rate compensation, is partially compens ... | 2005 | 15935566 |
| temperature-dependent conjugative transfer of r27: role of chromosome- and plasmid-encoded hha and h-ns proteins. | inchi plasmids encode multiple-antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. these plasmids have been considered to play a relevant role in the persistence and reemergence of this microorganism. the inchi1 plasmid r27, which can be considered the prototype of inchi plasmids, is thermosensitive for transfer. conjugation frequency is highest at low temperature (25 to 30 degrees c), decreasing when temperature increases. r27 codifies an h-ns-like protein (open reading frame 164 [orf16 ... | 2005 | 15937157 |
| characterization of gla(kp), a udp-galacturonic acid c4-epimerase from klebsiella pneumoniae with extended substrate specificity. | in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, the core oligosaccharide backbone of the lipopolysaccharide is modified by phosphoryl groups. the negative charges provided by these residues are important in maintaining the barrier function of the outer membrane. in contrast, klebsiella pneumoniae lacks phosphoryl groups in its core oligosaccharide but instead contains galacturonic acid residues that are proposed to serve a similar function in outer membrane stability. gla(kp) is a udp-galacturonic ... | 2005 | 15937173 |
| the role of cd1d-restricted nk t lymphocytes in the immune response to oral infection with salmonella typhimurium. | cd1d-restricted natural killer t (nkt) cells belong to the innate-like lymphocytes which respond rapidly to stress and infectious challenge. we have studied murine cd1d-restricted nkt cells in the early immune response to virulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium after oral infection. in the liver and spleen, neutrophil and macrophage numbers had increased several-fold by day 5 post-infection, while the frequency of b and t lymphocytes decreased. these cellular changes occurred independen ... | 2005 | 15940666 |
| beta-lactamases among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-resistant salmonella from poultry, poultry products and human patients in the netherlands. | the purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) resistance of salmonella isolated from dutch poultry, poultry meat and hospitalized humans. | 2005 | 15941775 |
| oral immunization with a dam mutant of yersinia pseudotuberculosis protects against plague. | inactivation of the gene encoding dna adenine methylase (dam) has been shown to attenuate some pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and is a lethal mutation in others such as yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain ypiii. in this study the dam methylase gene in yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain ip32953 was inactivated. unlike the wild-type, dna isolated from the mutant could be digested with mboi, which is consistent with an altered pattern of dna methylation. the mutant was sen ... | 2005 | 15941999 |
| the phop/phoq system controls the intramacrophage type three secretion system of salmonella enterica. | spi/ssa is a unique type three secretion system that functions exclusively when salmonella enterica is inside eukaryotic cells. expression of the spi/ssa system and its secreted effectors is dependent on ssrb/spir, a two-component regulatory system encoded in the spi-2 pathogenicity island that also harbours the spi/ssa genes. here we determine that the phop/phoq two-component system controls the intramacrophage expression of spi/ssa genes by regulating the ssrb/spir system. we establish that ph ... | 2005 | 15948951 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium misl is an intestinal colonization factor that binds fibronectin. | misl is an autotransporter protein encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (spi3). to investigate the role of misl in salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) pathogenesis, we characterized its function during infection of mice and identified a host receptor for this adhesin. in a mouse model of s. typhimurium intestinal persistence, a misl mutant was shed with the faeces in significantly lower numbers than the wild type and was impaired in its ability to colonize the cecum ... | 2005 | 15948960 |
| antimicrobial activity of ultrasonic cleaners. | this study assessed the antimicrobial activity of two cleaning solutions and tap water after varying periods of use in one ultrasonic cleaner. testing involved filling the cleaner's tank and a centred glass beaker with the same test solution. an aluminium foil strip test first determined that no significant differences in cavitational activity existed inside the beaker compared with outside. standardized solutions of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella choleraesuis were ... | 2005 | 15949617 |
| expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine b to gram-negative bacteria. | phloxine b (d&c red no. 28) is a color additive for food, drugs, and cosmetics. it has been previously shown to have anti-staphylococcus aureus activities. in this work, the effect of phloxine b on various gram-negative bacteria and other gram-positive bacteria including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus subtilis, bacillus aureus, salmonella, escherichia coli and shigella was studied, along with the mechanism of anti-microbial activity. in the presence of fluor ... | 2005 | 15949926 |
| effect of alternative on-site wastewater treatment on the viability and culturability of salmonella choleraesuis. | the objective of this study was to determine how alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e. subsurface flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters and intermittent peat filters) affect the viability and culturability of salmonella choleraesuis (serotype typhimurium, atcc 23567). influent was a high strength septic tank effluent (bod5 240-344 mgl(-1), tn approximately 100 mgl(-1), tp approximately 15 mgl(-1)) at the natural resources research institute's (nrri) alternative tr ... | 2005 | 15952448 |
| new concepts in salmonella virulence: the importance of reducing the intracellular growth rate in the host. | the literature refers to salmonella enterica as an intracellular bacterial pathogen that proliferates within vacuoles of mammalian cells. however, recent in vivo studies have revealed that the vast majority of infected cells contain very few intracellular bacteria (three to four organisms). salmonella intracellular growth is also limited in cultured dendritic cells and fibroblasts, two cell types abundant in tissues located underneath the intestinal epithelium. recently, a salmonella factor prev ... | 2005 | 15953023 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica group c strains isolated from humans in turkey, 2000-2002. | fifty-three salmonella enterica group c isolates obtained from various human samples (47 stool, 4 blood and 2 urine) in ten provinces of turkey between 1 july 2000 and 30 june 2002 were serotyped and resistance to antimicrobials was investigated by agar dilution tests. the isolates were identified as s. choleraesuis (11), s. hadar (7), s. irumu (4), s. virchow (3), s. tallahassee (3), s. paratyphi c (2), s. braenderup (2), s. othmarschen (2), s. menston (2), s. concord (2), s. infantis (2), s. k ... | 2005 | 15953709 |
| a study of the prevalence and enumeration of salmonella enterica in cattle and on carcasses during processing. | salmonella prevalence and counts were estimated for samples from the oral cavity, hide, rumen, and feces of 100 cattle at slaughter and from the pre- and postchill carcasses of these cattle. samples were collected from 25 consecutively slaughtered cattle from each of four unrelated groups slaughtered at a single abattoir on different days. ten additional fecal samples from each group were collected from their respective abattoir holding pens prior to slaughter. the prevalence of salmonella was e ... | 2005 | 15954700 |
| efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. | gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was tested for its effectiveness in killing salmonella, yeasts, and molds on blueberries, strawberries, and red raspberries. an inoculum (100 microl, 6.0 to 6.8 log cfu/g of fruit) that contained five serotypes of salmonella enterica was deposited on the skin, calyx tissue, or stem scar tissue of blueberries, skin or stem scar tissue of strawberries, and skin of red raspberries, dried for 2 h at 22 degrees c, then held for 20 h at 4 degrees c and 2 h at 22 degrees ... | 2005 | 15954703 |
| evaluation of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and yeasts and molds on fresh and fresh-cut produce. | gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was evaluated for effectiveness in killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut lettuce, cabbage, and carrot and salmonella, yeasts, and molds on apples, peaches. tomatoes, and onions. inoculum (100 microl, ca. 6.8 log cfu) containing five serotypes of salmonella enterica, five strains of e. coli o157:h7, or five strains of l. monocytogenes was deposited on the skin and cut surfaces of fresh-cut vegetables, dried for 30 min ... | 2005 | 15954704 |
| chips and snps, bugs and thugs: a molecular sleuthing perspective. | recent events both here and abroad have focused attention on the need for ensuring a safe and secure food supply. although much has been written about the potential of particular select agents in bioterrorism, we must consider seriously the more mundane pathogens, especially those that have been implicated previously in foodborne outbreaks of human disease, as possible agents of bioterrorism. given their evolutionary history, the enteric pathogens are more diverse than agents such as bacillus an ... | 2005 | 15954721 |
| spectroscopic and computational studies of the atp:corrinoid adenosyltransferase (coba) from salmonella enterica: insights into the mechanism of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis. | coba from salmonella enterica is a member of an enzymatic system responsible for the de novo biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (adocbl), catalyzing the formation of the essential co-c bond by transferring the adenosyl group from a molecule of atp to a transient co(1+)corrinoid species generated in the enzyme active site. a particularly fascinating aspect of this reaction is that the flavodoxin in vivo reducing agent that serves as the electron donor to coba possesses a reduction potential that i ... | 2005 | 15954777 |
| fluoroquinolone treatment of experimental salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 infections in chickens selects for both gyra mutations and changes in efflux pump gene expression. | to determine the efficacy of enrofloxacin (baytril) in chickens in eradicating three different resistance phenotypes of salmonella enterica and to examine the resistance mechanisms of resulting mutants. | 2005 | 15956100 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and monophasic salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in thailand. | duplex pcr was developed to screen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phage type dt104 and related strains in thailand because a phage typing laboratory of serovar typhimurium is not available. of 46 isolates of serovar typhimurium and 32 isolates of s. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:-, 15 (33%) and 30 (94%) were duplex pcr positive, respectively. all isolates were submitted for phage typing to analyze the specificity of the pcr assay. among serovar typhimurium isolates that yielded positive ... | 2005 | 15956391 |
| epidemiologic relationship between fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and pigs in taiwan (1997 to 2002). | the emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis in recent years has become an important public health issue in taiwan. the resistant strains that cause human infections are considered to be from pigs. in this study, we characterized 157 swine and 42 human salmonella serovar choleraesuis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and drug susceptibility testing to investigate the epidemiologic relationship among the isolates. by pfge analyses, two major ... | 2005 | 15956400 |
| effect of feed particle size and feed processing on morphological characteristics in the small and large intestine of pigs and on adhesion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt12 in the ileum in vitro. | a 2 x 2 factorial experiment with pigs was undertaken to investigate the effect of particle size (fine and coarse) and feed processing (pelleted and nonpelleted) on morphological characteristics in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs and on the adhesion of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt12 to the ileum in vitro. ninety-six pigs (average bw = 33 +/- 7 kg) were fed the experimental diets. after 4 wk, 24 pigs were selected (six pigs per diet) and euthanized, and tissue samples ... | 2005 | 15956464 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal. | this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was answered by the slaughterers, and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the batches were contaminated with salmonella, indicating salmonella hadar and s ... | 2005 | 15957441 |
| anti-inflammatory properties of heat shock protein 70 and butyrate on salmonella-induced interleukin-8 secretion in enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. | intestinal epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin (il)-8 in the course of inflammation. because heat shock proteins (hsps) and butyrate confer protection to enterocytes, we investigated whether they modulate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. serovar enteritidis)-induced secretion of il-8 in enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. caco-2 cells incubated with or without butyrate (0-20 m m, 48 h) were infected with s. serovar enteritidis after (1 h at 42 degrees c, 6 h at 37 degrees c) ... | 2005 | 15958071 |
| cell membrane array fabrication and assay technology. | microarray technology has been used extensively over the past 10 years for assessing gene expression, and has facilitated precise genetic profiling of everything from tumors to small molecule drugs. by contrast, arraying cell membranes in a manner which preserves their ability to mediate biochemical processes has been considerably more difficult. | 2005 | 15960850 |
| cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella, taiwan. | we report the prevalence and characteristics of salmonella strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in taiwan from january to may 2004. all isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins carried blacmy-2, and all ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis isolates were genetically related. | 2005 | 15963294 |
| h-ns is a part of a thermally controlled mechanism for bacterial gene regulation. | temperature is a primary environmental stress to which micro-organisms must be able to adapt and respond rapidly. whereas some bacteria are restricted to specific niches and have limited abilities to survive changes in their environment, others, such as members of the enterobacteriaceae, can withstand wide fluctuations in temperature. in addition to regulating cellular physiology, pathogenic bacteria use temperature as a cue for activating virulence gene expression. this work confirms that the n ... | 2005 | 15966862 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains of veterinary origin by molecular typing methods. | twenty-eight strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were characterized by three pcr-based methods. ten strains harbored type i integrons and two different integron profiles were detected. typing by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) resulted in observation of 10 profiles that differed by one to six bands. salmonella strains were screened for presence of phage genes using a pcr-phage typing; five genes from p22 phage and genes encoding putative virulence factors from phages ... | 2005 | 15967599 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype senftenberg isolates producing ctx-m beta-lactamases from constantine, algeria. | 2005 | 15967765 | |
| microarray analysis and motif detection reveal new targets of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium hila regulatory protein, including hila itself. | dna regulatory motifs reflect the direct transcriptional interactions between regulators and their target genes and contain important information regarding transcriptional networks. in silico motif detection strategies search for dna patterns that are present more frequently in a set of related sequences than in a set of unrelated sequences. related sequences could be genes that are coexpressed and are therefore expected to share similar conserved regulatory motifs. we identified coexpressed gen ... | 2005 | 15968047 |
| the genomic island sgi1, containing the multiple antibiotic resistance region of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 or variants of it, is widely distributed in other s. enterica serovars. | the global dissemination of the multiply-antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 clone with the resistance genes located in a class 1 integron, here designated in104, within genomic island sgi1 is a significant public health issue. here, we have shown that sgi1 and variants of it carrying different combinations of resistance genes are found in several salmonella enterica serovars. these are serovars cerro, derby, dusseldorf, infantis, kiambu, and paratyphi b dt(+) isol ... | 2005 | 15968049 |
| binding of pseudomonas aeruginosa algz to sites upstream of the algz promoter leads to repression of transcription. | mucoid variants of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa produce the exopolysaccharide alginate and colonize the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis patients. the genes encoding the alginate biosynthetic enzymes are clustered in a single operon, which is under tight transcriptional control. one essential activator of the alginate operon is algz, a proposed ribbon-helix-helix dna binding protein that shares 30% amino acid identity with the mnt repressor of salmonella enterica serova ... | 2005 | 15968052 |
| assimilation of nicotinamide mononucleotide requires periplasmic apha phosphatase in salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica can obtain pyridine from exogenous nicotinamide mononucleotide (nmn) by three routes. in route 1, nicotinamide is removed from nmn in the periplasm and enters the cell as the free base. in route 2, described here, phosphate is removed from nmn in the periplasm by acid phosphatase (apha), and the produced nicotinamide ribonucleoside (nmr) enters the cell via the pnuc transporter. internal nmr is then converted back to nmn by the nmr kinase activity of nadr. route 3 is seen onl ... | 2005 | 15968063 |
| quantitative detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi from blood of suspected typhoid fever patients by real-time pcr. | we quantified the gene copies from salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) in the blood of patients suspected of having typhoid fever by using taqman-based real-time pcr (taqman assay) to target the s. typhi flagellin gene in genomic dnas isolated from blood samples. of 55 blood samples taken from suspected typhoid fever patients, eight blood samples with a positive blood culture had s. typhi loads ranging from 1.01 x 10(3) to 4.35 x 10(4) copies/ml blood, and from 47 blood samples with neg ... | 2005 | 15969472 |
| treatment failure in a typhoid patient infected with nalidixic acid resistant s. enterica serovar typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: a case report from cameroon. | fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins are the drugs of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever. treatment failure with fluoroquinolones has been reported in asia and europe. we report a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure in typhoid fever in cameroon. | 2005 | 15969764 |
| the effect of electron beam irradiation on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and psychrotrophic bacteria on raw chicken breasts stored at four degrees celsius for fourteen days. | the effect of high-energy electron beam irradiation on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and psychrotrophic bacteria on commercial chicken breast meat was evaluated. fresh chicken breast meat was purchased from a local poultry processor, inoculated with 8 log10 cfu/ml salmonella, packaged in styrofoam trays and over wrapped with a polyvinyl chloride film, and subjected to 0, 1, 2, or 3 kgy of irradiation. the packaged samples were stored at 4 degrees c and analyzed for salm ... | 2005 | 15971537 |
| survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium within late endosomal-lysosomal compartments of b lymphocytes is associated with the inability to use the vacuolar alternative major histocompatibility complex class i antigen-processing pathway. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-activated macrophages use an alternative processing mechanism to present salmonella antigens to cd8(+) t lymphocytes. this pathway involves processing of antigen in a vacuolar compartment followed by secretion and loading of antigenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules on macrophage cell surface and bystander cells. in this study, we have shown that b lymphocytes are not able to process salmonella antigens using this alternative pa ... | 2005 | 15972480 |
| virulence attenuation and live vaccine potential of aroa, crp cdt cya, and plasmid-cured mutants of salmonella enterica serovar abortusovis in mice and sheep. | three live vaccine candidates of salmonella enterica subspecies i serotype abortusovis (aroa, cya crp cdt, and plasmid-cured strains) have been developed, and their efficacies in inducing humoral antibodies and protecting against abortion after challenge with wild-type strain ss44 were evaluated in sheep. following estrus synchronization, animals were immunized 3 weeks after fertilization and boosted once 3 weeks later. following challenge with wild-type ss44, pregnancy failure of vaccinated ewe ... | 2005 | 15972523 |
| scis, an icmf homolog in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, limits intracellular replication and decreases virulence. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium utilizes macrophages to disseminate from the intestine to deeper tissues within the body. while s. enterica serovar typhimurium has been shown to kill its host macrophage, it can persist intracellularly beyond 18 h postinfection. to identify factors involved in late stages of infection, we screened a transposon library made in s. enterica serovar typhimurium for the ability to persist in j774 macrophages at 24 h postinfection. through this screen, we ident ... | 2005 | 15972528 |
| slya regulates function of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2) and expression of spi-2-associated genes. | during the systemic phase of murine infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacterial virulence is correlated with the ability to grow and survive within host macrophages. salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi-2), encoding a type three secretion system, has emerged as an important contributor to salmonella intracellular growth. spi-2 mutants have been proposed to be more accessible than wild-type salmonella to oxyradicals generated by the nadph phagocyte oxidase. we performed mi ... | 2005 | 15972530 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood isolates from a teaching hospital in north india. | bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. in this study, we examined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by reviewing the data on 5,704 blood samples that were collected from patients with fever/sepsis admitted to government medical college and hospital, chandigarh, india, over a period of 1 year from august 2003 to july 2004. among the 567 qualifying samples, pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.75%), escherichia coli (15.17%), klebsiella pneumoni ... | 2005 | 15973011 |
| [comparison of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar newport isolates from a patient and sewages in fukui prefecture]. | from may 2003 to march 2004, nine strains of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar newport were isolated from 5 sewages of 3 sewage treatment plants located in 2 different regions of fukui prefecture. antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified 2 different mdr patterns (type i and ii). type i strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, sulfisoxazole, cefotaxime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, and ceftrazidime and ... | 2005 | 15977565 |
| distribution of genes encoding the microbial non-oxidative reversible hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases. | bacterial non-oxidative, reversible multi subunit hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases are encoded by the three clustered genes, b, c, and d, of approximately 0.6, 1.4, and 0.2 kb, respectively. there are more than 160 homologues in the database with significant similarity to gene b (homology to ubix) and c (ubid) distributed in all three microbial domains, however, homologues to gene d, are not numerous ( approximately 15). the occurrence of the entire bcd gene cluster encoding ... | 2005 | 15979273 |
| constitutive soxr mutations contribute to multiple-antibiotic resistance in clinical escherichia coli isolates. | the soxrs regulon of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica is induced by redox-cycling compounds or nitric oxide and provides resistance to superoxide-generating agents, macrophage-generated nitric oxide, antibiotics, and organic solvents. we have previously shown that constitutive expression of soxrs can contribute to quinolone resistance in clinically relevant s. enterica. in this work, we have carried out an analysis of the mechanism of constitutive soxs expression and its role in antibiot ... | 2005 | 15980345 |
| novel approach to mapping of resistance mutations in whole genomes by using restriction enzyme modulation of transformation efficiency. | restriction enzyme modulation of transformation efficiencies (remote) is a method that makes use of genome restriction maps and experimentally observed differences in transformation efficiencies of genomic dna restriction digests to discover the location of mutations in genomes. the frequency with which digested genomic dna from a resistant strain transforms a susceptible strain to resistance is primarily determined by the size of the fragment containing the resistance mutation and the distance ... | 2005 | 15980348 |
| multiple-antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b isolates collected in france between 2000 and 2003 is due mainly to strains harboring salmonella genomic islands 1, 1-b, and 1-c. | this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of multiple-antibiotic resistance among 261 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b strains collected between 2000 and 2003 through the network of the french national reference center for salmonella. the 47 multidrug-resistant (mdr) isolates identified (18%), were characterized on the basis of the presence of several resistance genes (bla(tem), bla(pse-1), bla(ctx-m), flor, aada2, qacedelta1, and sul1), the presence of ... | 2005 | 15980351 |
| worldwide disseminated arma aminoglycoside resistance methylase gene is borne by composite transposon tn1548. | the arma (aminoglycoside resistance methylase) gene, which confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamines and fortimicin, was initially found in klebsiella pneumoniae bm4536 on incl/m plasmid pip1204 of ca. 90 kb which also encodes the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-3. thirty-four enterobacteria from various countries that were likely to produce a ctx-m enzyme since they were more resistant to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime were studied. the arma gene was detected in 12 clinic ... | 2005 | 15980373 |
| structural and functional study of the phenicol-specific efflux pump flor belonging to the major facilitator superfamily. | the florfenicol-chloramphenicol resistance gene flor from salmonella enterica was previously identified and postulated to belong to the major facilitator (mf) superfamily of drug exporters. here, we confirmed a computer-predicted transmembrane topological model of flor, using the phoa gene fusion method, and classified this protein in the dha12 family (containing 12 transmembrane domains) of mf efflux transporters. we also showed that flor is a transporter specific for structurally associated ph ... | 2005 | 15980376 |
| peptides selected for binding to a virulent strain of haemophilus influenzae by phage display are bactericidal. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an obligate parasite of the oropharynx of humans, in whom it commonly causes mucosal infections such as otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. we used a subtractive phage display approach to affinity select for peptides binding to the cell surface of a novel invasive nthi strain r2866 (also called int1). over half of the selected phage peptides tested were bactericidal toward r2866 in a dose-dependent manner. five of the clones encoded the same pept ... | 2005 | 15980377 |
| transcriptional analysis of the bla(ctx-m-2) gene in salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | transcriptional organization of bla(ctx-m-2) present in a multiresistance plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar infantis suggests the presence of more than one promoter involved in the expression of the beta-lactamase gene. at least two bla(ctx-m-2)-specific mrnas (near to 1 kb and 5 kb) were evidenced. two +1 signals were detected at -22 bp and -59 bp of bla(ctx-m-2) defining two putative promoters. | 2005 | 15980388 |
| investigation of ansb and sspa derived promoters for multi- and single-copy antigen expression in attenuated salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. | five candidate promoters were examined to determine their utility in directing immunogenic levels of expression of the c fragment from tetanus toxin in attenuated s. enterica used as an oral vaccine in mice. promoters derived from the genes encoding the stringent starvation protein (sspa) from e. coli and s. enterica, but not ansb derived promoters, expressed immunogenic levels of c fragment from multi-copy plasmids in attenuated s. enterica in vivo and, following oral immunization, induced high ... | 2005 | 15982791 |
| the salmonella effector pipb2 affects late endosome/lysosome distribution to mediate sif extension. | after internalization into mammalian cells, the bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). during its maturation process, the scv interacts extensively with host cell endocytic compartments, especially late endosomes/lysosomes (le/lys) at later stages. these interactions are mediated by the activities of multiple bacterial and host cell proteins. here, we show that the salmonella type iii effector pipb2 reorganizes ... | 2005 | 15987736 |
| a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo. | prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. in the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (gos) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. in situ fluorescent hybridization with 16s r ... | 2005 | 15987856 |
| utility of pcr in diagnosing complicated cases of unusual clinical manifestations of salmonella enterica var. paratyphi a. | 2005 | 15989920 | |
| hierarchical gene regulators adapt salmonella enterica to its host milieus. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium possesses an elaborate set of virulence genes that enables the bacterium successfully to move between and adapt to the environment, different host organisms and various micro-niches within a given host. expression of virulence attributes is by no means constitutive. rather, the regulation of virulence determinants is highly coordinated and integrated into normal bacterial physiological responses. by integrating discri ... | 2005 | 15790293 |
| the role of host cell death in salmonella infections. | salmonella enterica is an important enteric pathogen of humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals. infection is initiated in the intestinal tract, and severe disease produces widespread destruction of the intestinal mucosa. salmonella strains can also disseminate from the intestine and produce serious, sometimes fatal infections with considerable cytopathology in a number of systemic organs. a combination of bacterial genetic and cell biology studies have shown that salmonella uses speci ... | 2005 | 15791954 |
| role of salmonella surface components in immunomodulation of inflammatory mediators. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and its surface components were assessed for their inflammatory potential by footpad oedema test using plethysmometer. inflammation was found to be the highest when outer membrane proteins (omps) were used as inflammagen followed by lipid associated protein-lipopolysaccharide complex (lap-lps) and lipopolysaccharides (lps). inflammation produced by omps was found to be comparable to that by carrageenan (a known positive inflammagen). however, injection of ... | 2005 | 15792366 |
| bla(ctx-m) genes in clinical salmonella isolates recovered from humans in england and wales from 1992 to 2003. | cefotaximases (ctx-m) are a rapidly growing class a beta-lactamase family that has been found among a wide range of clinical bacteria. one hundred and six isolates were selected from 278,308 salmonella isolates based on resistance to ampicillin and cephalosporins and subjected to further characterization. fourteen isolates were bla(ctx-m) pcr positive, and cefotaxime mics for these isolates were > or = 16 mg/liter. furthermore, sequence analysis revealed the presence of type ctx-m9, -15, or -17 ... | 2005 | 15793104 |
| bactericidal and antiendotoxic properties of short cationic peptides derived from a snake venom lys49 phospholipase a2. | the activities of short synthetic, nonhemolytic peptides derived from the c-terminal region of myotoxin ii, a catalytically inactive phospholipase a2 homologue present in the venom of the snake bothrops asper, have been shown to reproduce the bactericidal activity of the parent protein. they combine cationic and hydrophobic-aromatic amino acids, thus functionally resembling the antimicrobial peptides of innate defenses. this study evaluated the antimicrobial and antiendotoxic properties of a 13- ... | 2005 | 15793109 |
| rollback of salmonella enterica serotype typhi resistance to chloramphenicol and other antimicrobials in kolkata, india. | 2005 | 15793167 | |
| [outbreak of salmonella enteriditis food poisoning at a dining hall facility]. | an outbreak of salmonella enteriditis food poisoning having occurred at two banquet halls, affecting eight groups of guests, is described. this research was aimed at determining the food by means of which this illness was transmitted. | 2005 | 15794585 |
| an attenuated salmonella enteritidis strain derivative of the main genotype circulating in uruguay is an effective vaccine for chickens. | we have recently reported that salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) strains circulating in uruguay, are unevenly distributed among different genetic subtypes, with a predominant genotype that is a common contaminant of poultry-derived food and that accounts for the vast majority of human cases of food-borne disease. herein, we describe the construction of a genetically-defined aroc derivative (lvr02) of a local strain of s. enteritidis belonging to the major genetic type. we ... | 2005 | 15795080 |
| comparison of fecal culture and danish mix-elisa for determination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica prevalence in growing swine. | in the usa, control of food-borne salmonellosis associated with meat consumption has been predominantly focused at slaughter and processing. it is expected that standards at slaughter and processing will become more stringent, creating pressure to reduce prevalence of salmonella-positive food animals through on-farm interventions. the aim of this study was to compare traditional fecal culture and the danish mix-elisa (dme) for determination of salmonella prevalence pre-harvest in swine. in trial ... | 2005 | 15795083 |
| dietary fructooligosaccharides increase intestinal permeability in rats. | we showed previously that fructooligosaccharides (fos) decrease the resistance to salmonella infection in rats. however, the mechanism responsible for this effect is unclear. therefore, we examined whether dietary fos affects intestinal permeability before and after infection with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. male wistar rats were fed restricted quantities of a purified diet that mimicked the composition of a western human diet. the diet was supplemented with 60 g/kg cellulose (contr ... | 2005 | 15795444 |
| dna methylation modulates salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence in caenorhabditis elegans. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was previously shown to be virulent in caenorhabditis elegans. here we demonstrate that dna adenine methyltransferase (dam) modulates salmonella virulence in the nematode, as it does in mice. after 5 days of continual exposure to bacteria, twice as many worms died when exposed to the wild-type than the dam-mutant strain of salmonella. similar trends in virulence were observed when worms were exposed to salmonella strains for 5 h and transferred to the avir ... | 2005 | 15796979 |
| slya regulates the collagenase-mediated cytopathic phenotype in multiresistant salmonella. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phagetype dt104 (dt104) is a foodborne pathogen with a multiresistant phenotype conferred by a genomic-based integron structure designated as sgi1. recently, a novel cytopathic phenotype was ascribed to several isolates of dt104 recovered from veal calves. this phenotype is dependent upon clg, a gene encoding a collagenase in salmonella. using a novel transposon system and an rt-pcr assay for detection of clg expression, we identified slya as a regulator ... | 2005 | 15797813 |
| diversity of genome structure in salmonella enterica serovar typhi populations. | the genomes of most strains of salmonella and escherichia coli are highly conserved. in contrast, all 136 wild-type strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi analyzed by partial digestion with i-ceui (an endonuclease which cuts within the rrn operons) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by pcr have rearrangements due to homologous recombination between the rrn operons leading to inversions and translocations. recombination between rrn operons in culture is known to be equally frequent in ... | 2005 | 15805510 |
| regulation of nad synthesis by the trifunctional nadr protein of salmonella enterica. | the three activities of nadr were demonstrated in purified protein and assigned to separate domains by missense mutations. the n-terminal domain represses transcription of genes for nad synthesis and salvage. the c-terminal domain has nicotinamide ribose kinase (nmr-k; ec 2.7.1.22) activity, which is essential for assimilation of nmr, converting it internally to nicotinamide mononucleotide (nmn). the central domain has a weak adenylyltransferase (nmn-at; ec 2.7.7.1) activity that converts nmn di ... | 2005 | 15805524 |
| catabolite repression of the propionate catabolic genes in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica: evidence for involvement of the cyclic amp receptor protein. | previous studies with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 demonstrated that transcriptional activation of the prpbcde operon requires the function of transcription factor prpr, sigma-54, and ihf. in this study, we found that transcription from the prpbcde and prpr promoters was down-regulated by the addition of glucose or glycerol, indicating that these genes may be regulated by the cyclic amp (camp)-camp receptor protein (crp) complex. targeted mutagenesis of a putative crp-binding site ... | 2005 | 15805526 |
| biotinylation facilitates the uptake of large peptides by escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria. | gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli can normally only take up small peptides less than 650 da, or five to six amino acids, in size. we have found that biotinylated peptides up to 31 amino acids in length can be taken up by e. coli and that uptake is dependent on the biotin transporter. uptake could be competitively inhibited by free biotin or avidin and blocked by the protonophore carbonyl m-chlorophenylhydrazone and was abolished in e. coli mutants that lacked the biotin transporter ... | 2005 | 15812011 |
| co-regulation of salmonella enterica genes required for virulence and resistance to antimicrobial peptides by slya and phop/phoq. | analysis of the transcriptome of slya mutant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium revealed that many slya-dependent genes, including pagc, pagd, ugtl, mig-14, virk, phon, pgte, pipb2, sopd2, pagj and pagk, are also controlled by the phop/phoq regulatory system. many slya- and phop/phoq-co-regulated genes have functions associated with the bacterial envelope, and some have been directly implicated in virulence and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. purified his-tagged slya binds to the pagc ... | 2005 | 15813739 |
| tolc but not acrb is essential for multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium colonization of chicks. | to study the role of the multidrug efflux system acrab-tolc in resistance of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) phage type dt104 and dt204 strains to detergents and bile salts. to evaluate the importance of the inner membrane transporter acrb and the outer membrane component tolc of this efflux system in the colonization of two multidrug-resistant s. typhimurium dt104 and one dt204 strain in chicks. | 2005 | 15814604 |
| discrimination within phenotypically closely related definitive types of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by the multiple amplification of phage locus typing technique. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is a relatively new high-resolution typing system employed for epidemiological studies of bacteria, including salmonella. discrimination based on mlst of housekeeping genes may be problematical, due to the high identity of gene sequences of closely related salmonella species. the presence of genomic sequences derived from stable temperate phages in salmonella offers an alternative for mlst of salmonella. we have used mlst of prophage loci in salmonella enterica ... | 2005 | 15814973 |
| an outbreak of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport infections linked to the consumption of imported horse meat in france. | in 2003, 14 cases of multidrug-resistant salmonella newport infections were reported. this is the first documented foodborne outbreak of multidrug-resistant s. newport in france. the blacmy gene was present in all isolates. all cases reported having eaten horse meat from a common wholesaler. the country of origin of the imported meat could not be identified. | 2005 | 15816165 |
| bacterial flagellar diversity in the post-genomic era. | flagellar biosynthesis has been studied most thoroughly in laboratory strains of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. however, genome sequencing has uncovered flagellar loci in distantly related bacteria. we have used homology searches to determine how far the e. coli/s. enterica paradigm can be generalised to other flagellar systems. numerous previously unrecognized homologues of flagellar components were discovered, including novel flgm, flgn, flik and flio homologues. homology was found ... | 2005 | 15817382 |
| prpz, a salmonella enterica serovar typhi serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2c with dual substrate specificity. | genes encoding eukaryotic-type protein kinases and phosphatases are present in many bacterial genomes. an orf encoding a polypeptide with homology to protein phosphatases 2c (pp2cs) was identified in the genomes of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains ct18 and ty2. this protein, termed prpz, is the first pp2c to be identified in enterobacteria. analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed two distinct domains: the n-terminal segment containing motifs of the catalytic domain of pp2cs and the ... | 2005 | 15817783 |
| biochemical evidence that the pdus gene encodes a bifunctional cobalamin reductase. | salmonella enterica degrades 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd) by a pathway that requires coenzyme b(12) (adenosylcobalamin; adocbl). the genes specifically involved in 1,2-pd utilization (pdu) are found in a large contiguous cluster, the pdu locus. earlier studies have indicated that this locus includes genes for the conversion of vitamin b(12) (cyanocobalamin; cncbl) to adocbl and that the pduo gene encodes an atp : cob(i)alamin adenosyltransferase which catalyses the terminal step of this process. her ... | 2005 | 15817784 |
| characterization of the rdar morphotype, a multicellular behaviour in enterobacteriaceae. | the rdar morphotype, a multicellular behaviour of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli is characterized by the expression of the adhesive extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. the response regulator csgd, which transcriptionally activates the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide cellulose and curli, also transforms cell physiology to the multicellular state. however, the only role of csgd in cellulose biosynthesis is the activation of adra, a ggdef domain protein tha ... | 2005 | 15818467 |
| the alternative sigma factor sigma is required for resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to anti-microbial peptides. | the enteric pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) encounters a variety of anti-microbial peptides during the course of infection. we report here that the extracytoplasmic sigma factor sigma(e) (rpoe) is required for salmonella resistance to killing by the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi)-derived peptide p2 and the murine alpha-defensin cryptdin-4 (crp4). moreover, sigma(e)-deficient s. typhimurium is attenuated for virulence after oral infection of i ... | 2005 | 15819632 |
| alternative sigma factor interactions in salmonella: sigma and sigma promote antioxidant defences by enhancing sigma levels. | hierarchical interactions between alternative sigma factors control sequential gene expression in gram-positive bacteria, whereas alternative sigma factors in gram-negative bacteria are generally regarded to direct expression of discrete gene subsets. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), sigma(e) responds to extracytoplasmic stress, whereas sigma(h) responds to heat shock and sigma(s) is induced during nutrient limitation. deficiency of sigma(e), sigma(h) or sigma(s) incr ... | 2005 | 15819634 |