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production of n + 1 plants and tetrasomics by means of anther culture of trisomic plants in rice (oryza sativa l.).eleven primary trisomics of rice, variety nipponbare, were subjected to anther culture. the 12th trisomic did not produce normal anthers. a total of 3,734 plants were obtained, which were examined morphologically at the seedling stage in the greenhouse. a number of plants appeared in the progenies of ten trisomics which had unique morphological features. the frequency of these variant types differed among different progenies. cytological observations revealed that 43 variant plants in the progen ...199124202251
differential effects of elicitors on the viability of rice suspension cells.we have compared the effects of two elicitors of defense-related processes on rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells. both chitosan and salicylic acid induced the accumulation of extracellular chitinase, thickening of the cell wall, and a variety of cytological changes in treated cells. chitosan also induced the production of a brown pigment and cell death. both of these effects depended on the availability of reactive oxygen species, because the damage was greatly reduced by either catalase or ...199116668444
molecular identification and comparison of the starch synthase bound to starch granules between endosperm and leaf blades in rice plants.normal (nonglutinous) rice plants (oryza sativa and o. glaberrima) contain more than 18% amylose in endosperm starch, while waxy (glutinous) plants lack it in this starch. in contrast, leaf starch contained more than 3.6% amylose even in waxy plants. sds-page analysis of proteins bound to endosperm starch granules in the normal plants revealed a single band with a mr of 60 kd, whereas waxy plants did not exhibit a similar band. the activity of starch synthase (ndp-glucose-starch glucosyltransfer ...19911747094
retention of the capacity to produce plants from protoplasts in cryopreserved cell lines of rice (oryza sativa l.).a method is described for cryopreservation of cell suspension lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) for use in protoplast research and as a way of retaining desirable characteristics of cell lines. the procedure involves pre-culture with mannitol, addition of a cryoprotectant solution of sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol and l-proline, two step freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. cells have been preserved for up to 14 months (the longest period tried in these experiments). cryopreserved cells ...199124221539
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products amplified from mapped loci of rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dna.thirty mapped indica rice genomic (rg) clones were partially sequenced from each end. from such sequence data, pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized to act as primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the corresponding loci in crude total dna preparations. the pcr products from dna of indica varieties were of the sizes expected from the sizes of the corresponding rg clones. however, size polymorphisms were seen between pcr products from indica and japonica varieties, and ...199124213267
chromosomal localization and genomic organization of α-amylase genes in rice (oryza sativa l.).genes for α-amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, andem, an aba-regulated gene expressed late in embryogenesis, were localized on rice chromosomes by the analysis of primary trisomies. the validity of the mapping approach was confirmed usingadh-1 as a control. theadh-1 gene has previously been assigned to chromosome 11 using conventional techniques. in this study we confirm this assignment and report an additional locus for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh-2) on chromosome 9. the α-amylase genes were locate ...199124213266
selection and characterization of a rice mutant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan.a rice plant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan (5mt) was selected from mutagenized m3 seeds (oryza sativa l. var. sasanishiki) originating from panicles treated with ethylene imine (0.2%) 2 h after flowering. when germinated on 5mt-containing medium, the seeds (m4) from selfed plants segregated with a 3 resistant:1 sensitive ratio, indicating that the plant was heterozygous for a resistance gene and that the resistance was dominant. the resistance was also expressed in callus derived from seeds. a ...199124213253
introduction and transposition of the maize transposable element ac in rice (oryza sativa l.).to develop a transposon tagging system in an important cereal plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), the maize transposable element ac (activator) was introduced into rice protoplasts by electroporation. we employed a phenotypic assay for excision of ac from the selectable hph gene encoding resistance to hygromycin b. southern blot analysis of hygromycin b-resistant calli showed that the ac element can transpose from the introduced hph gene into the rice chromosomes. sequence analysis of several ac exci ...19911650907
multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize.histone h3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from etiolated seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and alfalfa (medicago sativa) to determine the number of histone h3 variants. five distinct histone h3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed phase chromatography. these variants occur in various combinations of two to four forms in each plant species. one minor histone variant form (variant ii ...199116668207
a role for glutamine synthetase in the remobilization of leaf nitrogen during natural senescence in rice leaves.changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of corresponding mrnas were determined in leaves of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa) plants during natural senescence. the plants were grown in the greenhouse for 105 days at which time the thirteenth leaf was fully expanded. this was counted as zero time for senescence of the twelfth leaf. the twelfth leaf blade on the main stem was analyzed over a time period of - ...199116668201
organization of dna sequences highly repeated in tandem in rice genomes.digestion of the total genomic dna from rice oryza sativa l. cv. c5924 with ecori generated an intense band of a dna fragment of about 0.36 kb long. the dna fragment cloned into puc19 was used to hybridize with the total rice genomic dna partially digested with ecori. a ladder of bands of dna fragments with multiplied length of 0.36 kb was observed, demonstrating that this sequence occurs in tandem in the genome. the copy number of the sequence estimated by dot blot hybridization analysis was 20 ...19911910873
localization of specific repetitive dna sequences in individual rice chromosomes.this paper describes the characterization and chromosomal distribution of three different rice (oryza sativa) repetitive dna sequences. the three sequences were characterized by sequence analysis, which gave 355, 498 and 756 bp for the length of the repeat unit in os48, osg3-498 and osg5-756, respectively. copy number determination by quantitative dna slot-blot hybridization analysis showed 4000, 1080 and 920 copies, respectively, per haploid rice genome for the three sequences. in situ dna hybr ...19911860377
protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.for studies of in organello mitochondrial protein synthesis in rice, oryza sativa l., conventional surface-sterilization procedures were demonstrated to be ineffective. because of the over-whelmingly efficient [(35)s]methionine utilization by contaminating bacteria, even "essentially bacteria-free" rice mitochondria were shown to be unsuitable for the study of in organello protein synthesis. we developed a procedure to obtain a bacteria-free preparation of rice mitochondria. such mitochondria fa ...199116668173
differential expression of alpha-amylase genes in germinating rice and barley seeds.steady-state levels of mrna from individual alpha-amylase genes were measured in the embryo and aleurone tissues of rice (oryza sativa) and two varieties of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya and cv. klages) during germination. each member of the alpha-amylase multigene families of rice and barley was differentially expressed in each tissue. in rice, alpha-amylase genes displayed tissue-specific expression in which genes ramy3b, ramy3c, and ramy3e were preferentially expressed in the aleuro ...19911859866
peroxisomal enzyme activities in attached senescing leaves.recently it has been demonstrated that detached leaves show glyoxysomal enzyme activities when incubated in darkness for several days. in this report glyoxylate-cycle enzymes have been detected in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum durum l.) from either naturally senescing or dark-treated plants. isolated peroxisomes of rice and wheat show isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1), malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) and β-oxidation activities. leaf peroxisomes from dark-induced senescing leaves ...199124193942
triacontanol and its second messenger 9-beta-l(+)-adenosine as plant growth substances.triacontanol (tria), a common constituent of plant waxes, was first shown in 1977 to be an active growth substance which at nanomolar concentrations increased the growth and yield of crops. tria is used to increase crop yields on millions of hectares, particularly in asia. many investigators have shown that it affects several basic metabolic processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and enzyme activity. however, the initial site of action has not been elucidated. tria rapidly elicits ...199116668132
translational modification of an 18 kilodalton polypeptide by spermidine in rice cell suspension cultures.when rice (oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures are grown in the presence of [terminal methylenes-(3)h]spermidine, label is incorporated in a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 18 kilodaltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. preincubation of cell cultures with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors difluoromethylarginine and difluoromethylornithine, resulted in increased incorporation of the label into the 18 kilodalton polypeptide. in cells in which protein sy ...199116668128
identification and genetic analysis of semidwarfism-related proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).by transferring a semidwarf gene (sd-1) from taichung native 1 into a tall japanese cultivar, norin 29, through seven backcrosses, a semidwarf near-isogenic line sc-tn1 was obtained. the proteins of the embryo in norin 29 and sc-tn1 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. most of the proteins showed the same electrophoretic pattern. however, it was found that there was a difference in the appearance of two basic glycoproteins designated as srp-1 and srp-2. these proteins exhibited the ...199124221268
response to anoxia in rice and wheat seedlings: changes in the ph of intracellular compartments, glucose-6-phosphate level, and metabolic rate.(31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure intracellular ph in living tissues. oxygen deprivation caused fast cytoplasmic acidification from ph 7.4 to 7.0 in shoots of rice, oryza sativa l. var arborio, a species highly resistant to anoxia. acidification was complete after 10 minutes of anoxia. alkalinization of both cytosplasm and vacuole followed thereafter. in the anoxia intolerant wheat shoots, triticum aestivum l. var mek, the same treatment caused a sharper cytoplasm ...199116668051
low-temperature accumulation of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 mrna and protein activity in maize and rice seedlings.low-temperature stress was shown to cause a rapid increase in steady-state levels of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 message (adh1) and protein activity (adh1) in maize (zea mays) (b37n, a188) and rice (oryza sativa) (taipei 309, calmochi 101) seedlings. maize roots and rice shoots and roots from 7-day seedlings shifted to low temperature (10 degrees c) contained as much as 15-fold more adh1 mrna and 8-fold more adh1 protein activity than the corresponding tissues from untreated seedlings. time-course s ...199116668042
lactate dehydrogenase in oryza sativa l. seedlings and roots: identification and partial characterization.a lactate dehydrogenase activity is present in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings and roots. under aerobic conditions, lactate dehydrogenase activity is barely detectable in rice seedlings and is very low in rice roots. in 30 day old roots, the activity is increased two to three times by an anoxic or hypoxic treatment and can be detected on immunoblots by an antiserum raised against barley lactate dehydrogenase. the activity present in aerobic seedlings was partially purified. the native enzyme ha ...199116668039
anaerobic stress induces the transcription and translation of sucrose synthase in rice.sucrose synthase activity increased in 2-day-old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings submitted to anaerobic stress. likewise, both denaturing and native western blot analysis detected a rise in the cellular concentration of sucrose synthase protein. significantly higher steady-state levels of sucrose synthase mrna, as determined by northern blots and by the ability of total rna to direct in vitro synthesis of sucrose synthase, were also induced by anaerobic treatment. analysis of run-on transcripts sh ...199116668037
isolation and molecular evolutionary analysis of a cytochrome c gene from oryza sativa (rice)a cytochrome c gene, oscc-1, from rice (oryza sativa) has been isolated and analyzed. the oscc-1 gene encodes a cytochrome c protein that is typical of higher-plant cytochrome c proteins. oscc-1 consists of three exons separated by two introns that are 817 and 747 bp in length, respectively. from genomic dna hybridization analysis, oscc-1 appears to be one of possibly two cytochrome c genes in several asian, american, and indian rice species and varieties surveyed. a single, unique cytochrome c ...19911646373
a novel glycine-rich cell wall protein gene in rice.a genomic clone isolated from rice (oryza sativa var. ir 36) contains a gene that encodes a glycine-rich cell wall protein. this gene is a member of a multi-gene family. two transcripts with different 5' termini are encoded by this gene and the expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated. the amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence of this gene has a putative amino terminal signal peptide, and a highly repetitive structure in the putative mature protein. a model is ...19911716496
studies on the progeny of rice plants grown at an unpolluted and polluted site.oryza sativa l. cv. gr3 was grown near to a fertilizer plant and the growth of its seed progeny was evaluated at sites near to, and distant from, the fertilizer plant. the grain yield was reduced in plants grown at the polluted site, with reduced panicle length and increased sterility index. this decrease in grain yield was higher in the progeny plants than in the normal polluted plants. the polluted progeny grown at a control site showed a normal yield, but an increased sterility index. accumul ...199115092167
the effect of paper industry effluent on growth, pigments, carbohydrates and proteins of rice seedlings.the effect of paper industry effluent on the growth and content of certain macromolecules of seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kesari-82k) has been examined. the effects were investigated in relation to both concentration of effluent and time of exposure to the effluent. percentage of germination, water imbibing capacity, growth, pigment, carbohydrate and protein content showed a decreasing trend with increase in effluent concentration and time. protein content was the most sensitive macrom ...199115092110
effects of chronic ozone exposure on growth, root respiration and nutrient uptake of rice plants.to clarify the response of growth and root functions to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)), rice plants (oryza sativa l.) were exposed to o(3) at 0.0 (control), 0.05 and 0.10 ppm for 8 weeks from vegetative to early heading stages. exposure to 0.05 ppm o(3) tended to slightly stimulate the dry weight of whole plants up to 5 weeks and then slightly decrease the dry weight of whole plants. however, these effects were statistically significant only at 6 weeks. exposure to 0.10 ppm o(3) reduced the ...199115092071
effects of submergence on development and gravitropism in the coleoptile of oryza sativa l.caryopses of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) were germinated in air or under water. in submerged seedlings a twofold increase in coleoptile growth rate and an inhibition of root growth was observed. the amount of starch in the amyloplasts of submerged coleoptiles was substantially reduced compared to the air-grown control plants and plastids had a proplastidic character. during the rapid elongation of coleoptiles under water, the osmotic concentration of the press sap remained constant, w ...199111541649
oryzacystatins as the first well-defined cystatins of plant origin and their target proteinases in rice seeds.two cystatins occur in mature seeds of the rice, oryza sativa l. japonica, which are named oryzacystatin i (oc-i) and oryzacystatin ii (oc-ii). these are highly homologous to each other and are significantly homologous to cystatin superfamily members of animal origin, especially to family-2 cystatins. however, both lack disulfide bonds as in the case of family-1 cystatins (stefins). each of oc-i and oc-ii thus seems to be chimerical of family-1 and family-2 cystatins, and we propose that a new c ...19911801735
purification and partial characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from oryza sativa l.pyruvate decarboxylase(pyrdc) was purified from rice bran to a specific activity of 1 mu kat/mg and partially characterized. the holoenzyme is a tetramer of two types of subunits with molecular masses 64 kda and 62 kda. purified rice pyrdc exhibits positive cooperative kinetics with respect to pyruvate and functions with a significant lag phase. when compared to other plant pyrdc, the lag phase was shorter at low pyruvate concentrations and the s0.5 was smaller. the optimum ph (6.25) was also le ...19902269301
introgression of genes from oryza officinalis well ex watt to cultivated rice, o. sativa l.sterile ac hybrids between cultivated oryza sativa (aa) and a distant wild species, o. officinalis (cc), were backcross to o. sativa. most of the bc1 progenies were allotriploid (aac), a few were hypotriploid. aac progenies were again backcrossed to o. sativa. bc2 progenies consisting of disomic or aneuploid individuals were examined for the presence of o. officinalis traits. eleven different traits from o. officinalis were identified in these progenies. segregation data in the subsequent genera ...199024221103
sucrose synthase in rice plants : growth-associated changes in tissue specific distributions.different parts of the rice (oryza sativa l.) plant at different growth stages were analyzed for sucrose synthase (ss) by enzyme activity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay directly on the extracts or on the eluates from a gel filtration column. on a dry matter basis, the amount of soluble protein and ss activity decreased significantly, but the amount of enzyme protein changed little in growing leaves. in the grain, the ss activity was the highest at the early ripening stage and decrea ...199016667853
proteins and amino acids of some local varieties of rice seeds (oryza sativa l.).proteins and amino acids in four local rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties were identified. albumin and globulin were extracted from rice seeds, and the major promoters of these proteins were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to show their patterns. amino acid composition of the rice seed were determined quantitatively and qualitatively, and classified according to their acidic, basic and uncharged polar groups. essential amino acids for each variety were determined, and the hydrop ...19902247436
fertile indica rice plants regenerated from protoplasts isolated from microspore derived cell suspensions.rice plants (oryza sativa l., chinsurah boro ii var. indica) were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from microspore derived cell suspensions. a simple procedure for the establishment of such cell suspension cultures from embryogenic microcallus derived from cultured isolated microspores of indica-type rice is described. regenerating protoplasts could readily be isolated from 5-12 months old cell suspensions showing visible colony formation in the range of 180-1050 colonies/10(6) protoplasts ...199024226820
mechanism of methane transport from the rhizosphere to the atmosphere through rice plants.to clarify the mechanisms of methane transport from the rhizosphere into the atmosphere through rice plants (oryza sativa l.), the methane emission rate was measured from a shoot whose roots had been kept in a culture solution with a high methane concentration or exposed to methane gas in the gas phase by using a cylindrical chamber. no clear correlation was observed between change in the transpiration rate and that in the methane emission rate. methane was mostly released from the culm, which i ...199016667719
efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts in general medium.we established an efficient and reproducible procedure for protoplast propagation and fertile plant regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars nipponbare and taipei 309. selection of scutellum-derived secondary calli, the use of general medium and nurse culture were all found to be critical in the procedure. when 5 basal media (murashige and skoog, ry-2, modified r2, amino acid and general media) were compared, suspension callus growth rate, protoplast yield and plating efficiency were all ...199024226706
nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial atpase subunit 9 genes from three lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) 19902143016
the incidence and effects of hybridization between cultivated rice and its related weed red rice (oryza sativa l.).the objectives of this study were (1) to determine if hybridization occurs naturally between cultivated rice and a closely related weed, red rice (both oryza sativa l.) and (2) to determine the incidence of hybridization and possible convergence of red rice with cultivated rice. both morphological and electrophoretic characters were used to confirm the existence of hybrids. a total of 12,000 seeds were collected from red rice plants from fields of six different rice cultivars and sown in a commo ...199028569027
co-transformation of indica rice protoplasts with gusa and neo genes.protoplasts of the indica rice (oryza sativa l.) variety, ir54, were transiently transformed with the gusa gene and stably transformed with both the neo and gusa genes. we show that peg-mediated co-transformation of protoplasts with two genes on separate plasmids coupled with selection on kanamycin is an effective way of transferring foreign gene(s) into the indica rice genome. the efficiency of co-transformation was generally 20-30%, i.e. the frequency of kanamycin-resistant calli having both t ...199024226605
mitochondrial dna variation in long-term tissue cultured rice lines.the effects of long-term tissue culture on mitochondrial dnas were examined using rice (oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures. mitochondrial dnas were isolated from p. i. 353705 (an indica subspecies of rice similar to 'asam 5'), its anther-culture-derived line bl2 (an 8-year-old cell suspension culture), and five other cell lines (a1, a7, a11, a13, and a23), also derived from bl2 and independently selected for resistance to the lysine analog, s-(2-amino)-ethyl-l-cysteine. mitochondrial dnas of ...199024220814
a polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation system for production of fertile transgenic rice plants.we have established an efficient procedure for protoplast transformation and regeneration of fertile transgenic plants of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars nipponbare and taipei 309. protoplasts were mixed with a plant-expressible hygromycin resistance gene and treated with 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol. stringent selection of transformed colonies was applied to 14-day-old regenerated protoplasts in the presence of 95 micromolar of hygromycin b for 12 days. after selection, 450 and 200 resistant ...199016667593
mechanism for the activation of plasma membrane h-atpase from rice (oryza sativa l.) culture cells by molecular species of a phospholipid.the activation of h(+)-atpase solubilized from plasma membrane of rice (oryza sativa l. var nipponbare) culture cells was examined by the exogenous addition of various phospholipids, free fatty acids, glycerides, polar head groups of phospholipids and molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (pc). h(+)-atpase activity appeared to be stimulated by phospholipids in the following order: asolectin > phosphatidylserine > pc > lysophosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylglycerol, and maximal atpase activati ...199016667556
induction of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase by anoxia in rice seedlings.rice (oryza sativa) seeds were imbibed for 3 days and the seedlings were further incubated for 8 days in the presence of either air or nitrogen. in aerobiosis, the specific activity of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase and that of the atp-dependent phosphofructokinase increased about fourfold. in anaerobiosis, the specific activity of atp-dependent phosphofructokinase remained stable, whereas that of pyrophosphate:fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase increased as much ...199016667507
a repeated chromosomal dna sequence is amplified as a circular extrachromosomal molecule in rice (oryza sativa l.).the plasmid pe10 is a pbr322-derived plasmid carrying a 4.5 kb rice (oryza sativa l.) repeated dna sequence. the cloned sequence has been shown to be amplified in cultured rice cells. the analysis of practically intact chromosomal rice dna molecules by pulsed field gel electrophoresis has now shown that the amplification is associated with the appearance of extrachromosomal molecules. in fact, pe10 hybridizes exclusively with unfractionated dna from leaf protoplasts, while it recognizes predomin ...19902233681
screening of rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance.phenotypic resistance of salinity is expressed as the ability to survive and grow in a salinised medium. some subjective measure of overall performance has normally been used in plant breeding programmes aimed at increasing salinity resistance, not only to evaluate progeny, but to select parents. salinity resistance has, at least implicitly, been treated as a single trait. physiological studies of rice suggest that a range of characteristics (such as low shoot sodium concentration, compartmentat ...199024226357
double-stranded rna and male sterility in rice.double-stranded rna (dsrna) was isolated from rice oryza sativa ssp. japonica, but not from other subspecies. the dsrna has been found in all of the examined cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of bt (chinsurah boro ii)-type rice, but was not detected in their companionate maintainer lines. it is uniquely and positivley correlated with the cms trait in bt-type rice. recently, the dsrna was also found in a nuclear malesterile (nms) rice, nongken 58s, but was not found in its normal nongken 58. t ...199024226462
the alpha-amylase genes in oryza sativa: characterization of cdna clones and mrna expression during seed germination.two cdna clones, pos103 and pos137, were isolated which code for distinct alpha-amylase isozymes in germinating rice seeds. sequence analysis indicated that the clones encode polypeptides of approximately 48 kda, both of which possess a signal peptide involved in directing secretion of the protein. comparison of the two rice alpha-amylase amino acid sequence showed that they are 76% similar to each other, while showing 85% to 90% similarity with other cereal alpha-amylases. a comparison of eleve ...19902370848
genomic nucleotide sequence of four rice (oryza sativa) actin genes. 19902102841
plant regeneration from protoplasts of a super chinese rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar--zhonghua no.8.green rice plants were regenerated from protoplasts, which were derived from cell suspension of oryza sativa l. cut. zhonghua no. 8, a super chinese rice cultivar with high productivity, good quality and high resistance to both bacterial blight and blast. the embryogenic calli were initiated from mature embroys. it took about 4 months to establish the cell suspenion. the regeneration plants from protoplasts were obtained in 2 months after the isolation of protoplasts.19902104199
nucleotide sequence of citrus limon 26s rrna gene and secondary structure model of its rna.the complete nucleotide sequence of citrus limon 26s rdna has been determined. the sequence has been aligned with large ribosomal rna (l-rrna) sequences of escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae and oryza sativa. nine extensive expansion segments in dicot 26s rrna relative to e. coli 23s rrna have been identified and compared with analogous segments of monocot, yeast, amphibian and human l-rrnas. a secondary structure model for lemon 26s rrna has been derived based on the refined model of e. ...19902101688
recognition efficiency of dicotyledoneae-specific promoter and rna processing signals in rice.heterologous gene expression experiments have shown that genes of monocotyledoneae are often not transcribed in dicotyledoneae, or produce pre-mrna that is inefficiently or aberrantly processed. it is however not known how correctly and efficiently dicotyledon-specific gene expression signals are recognized in cells of monocotyledoneae. here we address this question using tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and rice (oryza sativa) protoplasts transformed with the same hybrid gene constructs. constructs ...19902177137
fingerprinting genomes using pcr with arbitrary primers.simple and reproducible fingerprints of complex genomes can be generated using single arbitrarily chosen primers and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). no prior sequence information is required. the method, arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr), involves two cycles of low stringency amplification followed by pcr at higher stringency. we show that strains can be distinguished by comparing polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints. the generality of the method is demonstrated by application to twenty four ...19902259619
food-based solutions are a viable alternative to glucose-electrolyte solutions for oral hydration in acute diarrhoea--studies in a rat model of secretory diarrhoea.a survey of acute diarrhoea and its treatment, in 3 groups of villages in south india, revealed that use of the world health organization oral rehydration solution (who-ors) was poor or virtually non-existent and that several liquid foods were given to children during acute diarrhoea. the effects of the most commonly used, boiled and cooled supernatants of these liquid foods [rice (oryza sativa)-water, ragi (eleusine coracana)-water, arrowroot (maranta arundinacea)-water], and tender coconut-wat ...19902345922
identification of two brassinosteroids from the cambial region of scots pine (pinus silverstris) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after detection using a dwarf rice lamina inclination bioassay.a simple and improved dwarf rice (oryza sativa var tan-ginbozu) lamina inclination bioassay for brassinosteroids (brs) was developed based on a previously published method (k takeno, rp pharis [1982] plant cell physiol 23: 1275-1281). the assay used 3-day-old intact seedlings, and detection of br was made more sensitive by synergizing the response to br with indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). the minimum detectable amount of br was less than 0.1 nanogram/rice plant (brassinolide equivalents). purificat ...199016667906
inheritance of tolerance to rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) in rice (oryza sativa l.).from a large number of rice varieties tested, no variety was identified as resistant to tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv). only in utri merah was the rtbv multiplication restrictive, whereas other varieties such as kataribhog and pankhari 203 were identified as tolerant. these varieties were crossed with a susceptible variety. tn1, to study the inheritance of restrictive multiplication and tolerance to rtbv. after 3 weeks of inoculation with rtbv, f1; f2, and f3 progenies were assessed by enzyme-l ...199024221010
the genic nature of gamete eliminator in rice.the two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, are morphologically alike but are reproductively isolated from each other by hybrid sterility. the hybrid is male sterile but partially female fertile. backcross experiments were conducted to introduce an alien factor controlling hybrid sterility from o. glaberrima (w025) into o. sativa (t65wx) and examine the genetic basis. an extracted sterility factor, closely linked to the wx locus, induced gametic abortion due to allelic in ...19902341030
localization of glyoxylate-cycle marker enzymes in peroxisomes of senescent leaves and green cotyledons.crude particulate homogenates from leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), leaf-beet (beta vulgaris var. cicla l.) and pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) cotyledons were separated on sucrose density gradients. the peroxisomal fractions appeared at a buoyant density of 1.25 g·cm(-3) and contained most of the activities of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6), and hydroxypyruvate reductase (ec 1.1.1.81) on the gradients. in peroxisomal fractions from detached leaves and green cotyledons incubate ...199024202025
interaction of elevated ultraviolet-b radiation and co(2) on productivity and photosynthetic characteristics in wheat, rice, and soybean.wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv bannock), rice (oryza sativa l. cv ir-36), and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr cv essex) were grown in a factorial greenhouse experiment to determine if co(2)-induced increases in photosynthesis, biomass, and yield are modified by increases in ultraviolet (uv)-b radiation corresponding to stratospheric ozone depletion. the experimental conditions simulated were: (a) an increase in co(2) concentration from 350 to 650 microliters per liter; (b) an increase in uv-b rad ...199016667735
characterization of the rice (oryza sativa) actin gene family.four rice (oryza sativa) genomic actin genes have been characterized. the rice actin genes show a conservation of intron number and position that is characteristic of plant actins. sequence comparisons revealed that the plant actins generally have a high degree of inter- and intraspecific sequence heterogeneity. however, one rice actin gene has a much higher degree of nucleotide sequence identity to a previously isolated actin sequence from arabidopsis thaliana than to any other plant actin gene ...19902103449
differences in the anaerobic lactate-succinate production and in the changes of cell sap ph for plants with high and low resistance to anoxia.anaerobically treated seedlings of oryza sativa l. var arborio accumulated in their shoots more succinate than lactate and cell sap became alkaline. conversely, in triticum aestivum l. var mek 86 lactate accumulation was far higher than that of succinate and cell sap was acidified. anoxia clearly induced proton consumption in both species as an important means to prevent or counteract acidosis. other species studied were: echinochloa crus-galli l. beauv., zea mays l. var de kalb xl75, secale cer ...198916666751
photoinhibition at low temperature in chilling-sensitive and -resistant plants.photoinhibition resulting from exposure at 7 degrees c to a moderate photon flux density (300 micromoles per square meter per second, 400-700 nanometers) for 20 hours was measured in leaves of annual crops differing widely in chilling tolerance. the incidence of photoinhibition, determined as the decrease in the ratio of induced to total chlorophyll fluorescence emission at 693 nanometers (f(v)/f(max)) measured at 77 kelvin, was not confined to chilling-sensitive species. the extent of photoinhi ...198916666971
testing of genotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) using multiple genetic assay systems of plants.the mutagenic activity of 2,4-d was assessed utilising cytogenetic, chlorophyll mutation, specific-locus and pollen viability endpoints in allium cepa and oryza sativa. in the allium root-tip assay onion bulbs with roots were treated with 25, 50, 75 or 100 ppm 2,4-d for 4 h and the frequency of aberrations was estimated. with an increase in concentration there was rise in frequency of aberrant cells. in the case of mutation assays, presoaked rice seeds were treated with 100, 200 or 300 ppm 2,4-d ...19892761564
evaluation of selectable markers for rice transformation.a variety of expression systems and selection régimes have been developed to transform plants such as tobacco, petunia, and tomato. we investigated several of these to determine whether the promoters and selectable markers used in dicotyledonous plants are suitable for selecting transformed rice callus. we compared transient expression driven by constitutive and regulated promoters in rice (oryza sativa) protoplasts and found that the 2' promoter of the octopine t-dna is approximately 3 to 4 tim ...198916666739
artefactual origins of cyclic amp in higher plant tissues.a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay has been used to determine the levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) in five higher plants (lactuca sativa, helianthus annuus, oryza sativa, pinus pinaster, nicotiana tabacum). particular attention was paid to the three main sources of errors in the characterization of camp in plants: presence of interfering substances in plant tissues; possible artefactual formation of camp from endogenous atp during extraction, purification, and assay; and mi ...198916667078
effects of ddt on the growth of crop plants.the effects of ddt on the germination and growth of plants were studied using many crop species. of the species tested, oil-rich seeds of plants, such as peanut (arachis hypogaea) and mustard (brassica juncea), were more prone to ddt induced inhibition of germination and subsequent plant growth than cereals, pulses and fibre crops, like rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), mung bean vigna radiata), pigeon pea (cajanus cajan) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). studies with (14)c labelled ...198915092369
[larval density of anopheles (n) albimanus wiedemann, 1821 in relation to phenology of oryza sativa (linnaeus) rice].the larval density of anopheles (n) albimanus wiedemann, 1821, is linked with rice phenology in the two crops of the year (summer and winter). it was determined that a higher density agrees with the second stage of the vegetative cycle of the culture named beginning of shooting processes and the formation of the panicular primordium. the number of anopheline larvae was higher in the summer.19892672175
the complete sequence of the rice (oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct trna genes accounts for a major plastid dna inversion during the evolution of the cereals.the entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (orfs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (marchantia polymorpha). the same complement of 30 trna and 4 rrna genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. most orfs extensively conserved between n. tabacum and m. polymorpha ar ...19892770692
inheritance of two endosperm protein loci in rice (oryza sativa l.).previous studies indicated two types of phenotypic protein markers as two minor bands of sds-page for rice storage protein. a variant derived from a pakistani variety, dular, was found to show a mobility variant with band 11, a relatively faster-moving band as compared to band 10, while most of the other cultivated rices exhibited band 10 at a molecular weight of around 100-110 k. band 11 was also observed in several wild rice species. how this variant occurred is not known. another marker is ch ...198924226007
selection of higher regenerative callus and change in isozyme pattern in rice (oryza sativa l.).calli were initiated from seedling roots in rice (oryza sativa l. var. tadukan) and subcultured at 45-day intervals on ms medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-d. sectors of callus which differentiated shoot meristems (green spots) under the same 2,4-d concentration were selected from the calli subcultured 90 days after initiation. the selection was continued for about 2 years. responses to 2,4-d between original and selected lines differed considerably, although differentiation was not generally ...198924225824
effects of cold-treatment on protein synthesis and mrna levels in rice leaves.the effects of cold on protein and rna metabolism in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were investigated. treatment with a diurnal cycle of 15/10 degrees c or 11/6 degrees c for up to 1 week resulted in progressive changes in the protein synthesis pattern after in vivo labeling of intact rice leaves with [(35)s]methionine. these changes were reversed when the seedlings were returned to normal growth temperatures. while de novo accumulation of several abundant proteins was suppressed, so ...198916667159
increased proteolysis of senescing rice leaves in the presence of nacl and kcl.nacl and kcl enhanced the degradation of chlorophylls and proteins in detached rice (oryza sativa) leaves in a concentration-dependent manner. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) accounted for 73 to 80% of the protein lost by day 4 in the light. nacl at 50 millimolar increased proteolysis by 21% over the control in 4 days, but the addition of cycloheximide reduced the increase to about one-half. cycloheximide alone had no effect on proteolytic activity during this period. l ...198916667137
polyamines in rice seedlings under oxygen-deficit stress.incubation of 3-d-old seedlings of oryza sativa l. cv arborio under anaerobic conditions, leads to a large increase in the titer of free putrescine while aerobic incubation causes a slight decrease. after 2 days, the putrescine level is about 2.5 times greater without oxygen than in air. the rice coleoptile also accumulates a large amount of bound putrescine and, to a lesser extent, spermidine and spermine (mainly as acid-soluble conjugates). accumulation of conjugates in the roots is severely i ...198916667132
three cdna sequences coding for glutamine synthetase polypeptides in oryza sativa l. 19892577497
development of salt tolerant lines of kdml and lpt rice cultivars through tissue culture.salt tolerant lines of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) were selected out of kdml and lpt cultivars. the first selection was made in vitro by incorporating 1 or 2% nacl in the culture media. embryogenic calli from mature embryo were subjected to a salt stress for four weeks. regeneration rates after salt stress were reduced to 0.076% or less as against regeneration rates of 8.3 to 30% normally obtained for non-stressed conditions. seedlings of regenerants and of following generations were treated w ...198924233365
polyamines as modulators of salt tolerance in rice cultivars.the effect of nacl on the endogenous levels of diamine, putrescine and polyamines, spermidine and spermine, was studied in the shoot system of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars during three growth stages. salt stress increased the levels of diamine and polyamine in varying degrees among nine rice cultivars investigated. salt tolerant au1, co43, and csc1 were effective in maintaining high concentrations of spermidine and spermine, while the content of putr ...198916667061
heavy metal tolerance of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) to some metal oxides at the critical levels.the toxicity of metal oxides (cdo, zno, pbo) were compared with each other and the critical levels of metal uptake by rice plants were determined. the order of metal toxicity to rice plants is cdo greater than zno greater than pbo. the highest concentration obtained for unpolished rice was 4.97 micrograms/g at the cd 10,000 ppm in soil. this values is higher than every other we have seen in the reports for treatment with cdo. we are able to find out that the concentration of 10,000 ppm cd in the ...19892600364
membrane-associated binding sites for indoleacetic acid in the rice coleoptile.as described previously, the sensitivity of rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles to auxin is modulated by oxygen. under anoxia, coleoptile elongation is insensitive to exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), whereas its sensitivity increases in air in the presence of the exogenous stimulus. here we report the presence of two independent classes of membrane-bound iaa-binding sites in air-grown coleoptiles. their binding activity is strictly correlated with the system's sensitivity to iaa. w ...198924201521
structure and expression of the rice glutelin multigene family.a near full-length cdna and three genomic clones for rice (oryza sativa l.) glutelin were isolated and studied. based on nucleic acid sequence and southern blot analyses, the three isolated glutelin genomic clones were representative members of three gene subfamilies each containing five to eight copies. a comparison of dna sequences displayed by relevant regions of these genomic clones showed that two subfamilies, represented by clones gt1 and gt2, were closely related and evolved by more recen ...19892745459
developmental mutants showing abnormal organ differentiation in rice embryos.zygotes of rice (oryza sativa l. cv taichung 65) were treated with 1.0 mm solution of the chemical mutagen n-methyl-n-nitrosourea. out of 1420 m2 lines, 28 single-locus recessive mutants on embryogenesis were identified. among them, we analyzed 11 mutants in the present study, which differentiated the shoot (plumule) and/or root (radicle) with abnormality. of the 11 mutants, two showed no shoot differentiation with normal root. on the other hand, we could not detect any mutant which exhibited a ...198924227023
plant regeneration from indica rice (oryza sativa l.) protoplasts.rice (oryza sativa l.) plants of the indica cultivar ir54 were regenerated from protoplasts. conditions were developed for isolating and purifying protoplasts from suspension cultures with protoplast yields ranging from 1·10(6) to 15·10(6) viable protoplasts/1 g fresh weight. protoplast viability after purification was generally over 90%. protoplasts were cultured in a slightly modified kao medium in a petri plate by placing them onto a millipore filter positioned on top of a feeder (nurse) cult ...198924212899
the nucleotide sequences and expression of genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of atp synthase from rice (oryza sativa l.)the genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of atp synthase were cloned from rice chloroplast dna. the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of these genes were determined. the site of initiation of transcription was examined by s1-mapping analysis. the relation between stability of mrna and that of a stem and loop structure at the 3' end of mrna is discussed.19892534354
plant regeneration from cytoplasmic hybrids of rice (oryza sativa l.).we obtained cybrid plants by electrofusing γ-irradiated protoplasts of a cytoplasmic male-sterile line "a-58 cms" (oryza sativa l.) and iodoacetamide (ioa)-treated protoplasts of the fertile (normal) rice cultivar "fujiminori". the cybridity of the plants was confirmed by mitochondrial (mt) dna restriction endonuclease, and plasmid-like dna analyses, and by isozyme, cytological and morphological investigations. the chromosome number of the cybrid plants is 24.198924232605
sugar content and activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes in milled rice grain.most rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars grown in the united states were selected for endosperm starch properties and not soluble sugar content. the minor pool of soluble sugar may affect the qualities of rice as a food. some cultivar variation in soluble sugar content was detected in milled grain, essentially the starchy endosperm, of long grain varieties. milled grain of cultivars lemont and texmati had a soluble sugar content of 0.21 and 0.35% (w/w), respectively, on a fresh weight basis. the do ...198916666638
seed dormancy in red rice : vii. structure-activity studies of germination stimulants.many chemically dissimilar substances break dormancy of seeds, but the relationship between chemical structure and physiological activity is unknown. in this study, the concentrations of organic acids, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and inorganic weak acids required to elicit 50% germination of initially dormant, dehulled red rice seeds (oryza sativa) were determined. the activity of most substances was very highly and inversely correlated to lipophilicity as measured by octanol/water partition co ...198916666635
establishment of a system of high-frequency embryogenesis from long-term cell suspension cultures of rice (oryza sativa l.).suspension cultures which maintained embryogenic potency for more than 18 months were established from excised immature embryos of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. konansou). the cultures were subcultured every three days in n6 medium supplemented with proline (10 mm), casein hydrolysate (300 mg/l), sucrose (30 g/l) and 2,4-d (1 mg/l). the frequency of embryogenesis from the embryogenetic suspension cultures reached about 90% when cell clusters (about 1 mm in diameter) were transferred to a solid mediu ...198924232530
long-term effects of land application of aqueous oil effluent on photosynthetic efficiency of certain varieties of oryza sativa l. 19892920225
mrnas and a cloned histone gene are differentially expressed during anther and pollen development in rice (oryza sativa l.).spatial and temporal changes in the distribution of mrna sequences during anther and pollen development in rice (oryza sativa) were investigated by in situ hybridization with [3h]polyuridylic acid ([3h]poly(u)) and a cloned rice histone gene probe. annealing of sections with [3h]poly(u) showed that poly(a)-containing rna (poly(a)+rna) was uniformly distributed in the cells of the anther primordium. during the formation of the archesporial initial, the primary parietal cell, the primary sporogeno ...19892476454
free proline contents in two different groups of rice mutants resistant to hydroxy-l-proline.in four rice (oryza sativa l.) mutants resistant to hydroxy-l-proline (hyp), hyp101, hyp203, hyp205 and hyp210, and in their original variety, nipponbare, free proline and hyp contents in the seeds and in the 14-day-old seedlings have been determined. the four mutants can be divided into two groups: hyp101 and hyp203 are classified as to recessive gene and the levels of free proline are similar to that of the original variety; the second group includes mutants hyp205 and hyp210 where the hyp res ...198924232472
the performance of three cultivars of rice grown near to, and distant from, a fertiliser plant.the effects of three cultivars, two water regimes and two rates of applying nitrogen fertilisers were tested when studying the performance of rice (oryza sativa l.) near to, and distant from, a fertiliser plant emitting atmospherically dispersed pollutants. the atmosphere near the fertiliser plant had average daily peak concentrations of 144 and 210 microg m(-3) of so(2) and no(2), respectively. growth was less near to, than at a distance from, the fertiliser plant. on average it was decreased b ...198915092427
[characterization of a cloned dna fragment of rice chloroplast and location rbcl gene in the recombinant plasmid].the pure rice (oryza sativa, subsp. indica, cv. zhenshan 97b) chloroplast dna was digested by restriction enzyme bamhi and the resulting fragments were ligated to the bamhi site of pbr322. one recombinant plasmid which contains a 19.3kb insertel dna fragment was isolated from the clone bank and was named posb1. a physical map of the recombinant plasmid was constructed by cleavage with ten restriction endonucleases, and the gene rbcl was located on the posb1.19892561754
molecular mapping of rice chromosomes.we report the construction of an rflp genetic map of rice (oryza sativa) chromosomes. the map is comprised of 135 loci corresponding to clones selected from a psti genomic library. this molecular map covers 1,389 cm of the rice genome and exceeds the current classical maps by more than 20%. the map was generated from f2 segregation data (50 individuals) from a cross between an indica and javanica rice cultivar. primary trisomics were used to assign linkage groups to each of the 12 rice chromosom ...198824232389
distribution of mitochondrial plasmid-like dna in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) and its relationship with varietal groups.mitochondrial (mt) plasmid-like dna was found in most of more than 100 rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) by the use of 0.7% agarose gel electrophoresis (age). the dna varied in molecular weight and number. by electron microscopy, small circular dnas of different sizes could be detected in addition to the dnas of high molecular weight, even in cultivars in which mt plasmid-like dna was not detected by age. the detection of the mt plasmid-like dnas by age did not depend on their presence or absence ...198824232388
sequence of the chloroplast psbf gene encoding the photosystem ii 10 kda phosphoprotein from oryza sativa l. 19883057446
structure, expression, and heterogeneity of the rice seed prolamines.by screening two rice (oryza sativa l.) seed cdna libraries, recombinant cdna clones encoding the rice prolamine seed storage protein were isolated. based on cross-hybridization and restriction enzyme map analyses, these clones can be divided into two homology classes. all clones contain a single open reading frame encoding a putative rice prolamine precursor (molecular weight = 17,200) possessing a typical 14-amino acid signal peptide. the deduced primary structures of both types of prolamine p ...198816666363
production of kanamycin resistant rice tissues following dna uptake into protoplasts.rice protoplasts (oryza sativa l. v taipei 309) have been transformed to kanamycin resistance following uptake of pcamvneo induced by electroporation, peg and peg combined with electroporation. protoplast-derived colonies selected on medium containing 100 μg/ml of kanamycin expressed nptii activity, and contained dna that hybridised to a 1.0 kb bamhi fragment of pcamvneo carrying the nptii gene. expression of the transformation frequency in relative terms (number of kanamycin resistant colonies ...198824240260
molecular analysis of organelle dna of different subspecies of rice and the genomic stability of mtdna in tissue cultured cells of rice.chloroplast (ct) and mitochondrial (mt) dnas were isolated from two subspecies of rice (oryza sativa), japonica (calrose 76) and indica (pi353705) and compared by restriction endonuclease fragment pattern analysis. similarly, pi353705 (a5) mtdna was also compared with the mtdna of its long term tissue cultured line, bl2. variation in the ctdna of the 2 subspecies was detected with two (avai and bgli) of the 11 restriction endonucleases tested, whereas their mtdnas showed considerable variation w ...198824232271
the biophysical basis of elongation growth in internodes of deepwater rice.partial submergence induces rapid internodal elongation in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l., cv habiganj aman ii). we measured in vivo extensibility, tissue tension, hydraulic conductance and osmotic potential in the region of cell elongation in the uppermost internode. the in vivo extensibility of the internode, measured by stretching of living tissue with a custom-made constant stress extensiometer, rose rapidly following submergence of the plant. both the elastic (e(el)) and plastic (e(pl)) ex ...198816666308
factors influencing protoplast viability of suspension-cultured rice cells during isolation process.callus cells of rice (oryza sativa l.) that were actively dividing in suspension culture had lost the ability to divide during the isolation process of protoplasts. factors influencing the protoplast viability were examined using highly purified preparations of cellulase c(1), xylanase, and pectin lyase, which were essential enzymes for the isolation of protoplasts from the rice cells. the treatment of the cells with xylanase and pectin lyase, both of which are macerating enzymes, caused cellula ...198816666273
interaction of a gibberellin-induced factor with the upstream region of an alpha-amylase gene in rice aleurone tissue.the interaction between the dna sequences of an alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) gene and a tissue-specific factor induced in rice (oryza sativa l.) aleurone tissue by gibberellin was studied. dna mobility-shift during electrophoresis indicated that a 500-base-pair sequence (hs500) of a rice alpha-amylase genomic clone (osamy-a) specifically interacted with a factor from gibberellin-induced rice aleurone tissue. the amount of complex formed between the hs500 dna fragment and the gibberellin-induced fa ...19883261867
chromosomal location of genes conditioning low amylose content of endosperm starches in rice, oryza sativa l.eight dull mutants that lower the amylose content of rice endosperm as well as waxy mutant and a cultivar with common grains were crossed in a diallele manner. the amylose content of f1 and f2 seeds was determined on the basis of single grain analysis. it was concluded that the low amylose content of dull mutants is under monogenic recessive control. alleles for low amylose content are located at five loci designated as du-1, du-2, du-3, du-4 and du-5. these loci are independent of wx locus loca ...198824232104
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