Publications

the semidwarf gene, sd-1, of rice (oryza sativa l.). ii. molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection.	to establish the location of the semidwarf gene, sd-1, the anthocyanin activator (a), purple node (pn), purple auricle (pau), and the isozyme locus, esti-2, in relation to dna markers on the molecular linkage map of rice, 20 rflp markers, previously mapped to the central region of chromosome 1 (mccouch et al. 1988), were mapped onto an f2 population derived from the cross taichung 65 (a,pn,pau)/taichung 65 (sd-1). sd-1 and esti-2 were determined to be linked most tightly to rflp markers rg 109 a ...	1994	24177769
the semidwarf gene, sd-1, of rice (oryza sativa l.). i. linkage with the esterase locus, estl-2.	the linkage relationship between the semidwarf gene (sd-1) and the isozyme locus esti-2 was elucidated using segregating populations derived from crosses between several semidwarf testers and tall rice varieties. bimodal distributions for culm length were observed in f2 populations of three cross combinations, including shiokari/shiokari (sd-1), taichung 65 (a,pn,pau)/taichung 65 (sd-1), and milyang 23/kasalath. taking the valley of the distribution curves as the dividing point, two height class ...	1994	24177768
classification of cultivated rices into indica and japonica types by the isozyme, rflp and two milled-rice methods.	four methods for classifying cultivated rices (oryza sativa l.) (including ir varieties) into indica and japonica types - waxy gene product in endosperm starch, glutelin α3 molecular weight in milled rice, rflp polymorphism at the wx locus and glaszmann's isozyme method - were compared. on the basis of the two endosperm traits and the rflp method glaszmann's group 1 (indica) was classified as mainly indica and intermediate groups 2, 3 and 4 as exclusively indica. however, the endosperm traits cl ...	1994	24177763
structure and function of the golgi complex in rice cells (ii. purification and characterization of golgi membrane-bound nucleoside diphosphatase).	inosine diphosphatase bound to golgi membranes was studied in rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponkai) cells. the enzyme was solubilized with triton x-100 from isolated rice golgi membranes and was highly purified employing a series of chromatography steps in the presence of 20% glycerol and 0.1% triton x-100. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration column chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 200 and 55 kd, respectively. ...	1994	12232309
identification of the duplicated segments in rice chromosomes 1 and 5 by linkage analysis of cdna markers of known functions.	we mapped two loci for adp-ribosylation factor homologues (arf1, arf2) and two loci for cysteine proteinase inhibitors (oryzacystatin-i and -ii: oci, ocii) by linkage analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dnas using their cdnas as probes.oc-1 andarf-2 were found to be closely located to each other on chromosome 1, whileoc-2 andarf-1,both found on chromosome 5, were also located close to each other. the map distances are about 2 cm in both pai ...	1994	24186168
effects of growth temperature on the responses of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, electron transport components, and sucrose synthesis enzymes to leaf nitrogen in rice, and their relationships to photosynthesis.	effects of growth temperature on the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and their underlying biochemical properties were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the plants were grown hydroponically under day/night temperature regimes of 18/15[deg]c, 23/18[deg]c, and 30/23[deg]c and all photosynthetic measurements were made at a leaf temperature of 25[deg]c and an irradiance of 1800 [mu]mol quanta m-2 s-1. growth temperature affected the photosynthetic co2 response curv ...	1994	12232279
ultraviolet-b-responsive anthocyanin production in a rice cultivar is associated with a specific phase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase biosynthesis.	seedlings of 17 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars were classified on the basis of anthocyanin pigmentation into three groups: an acyanic group with 9 cultivars, a moderately cyanic group with 5 cultivars, and a cyanic group with 3 cultivars. seedlings of the cyanic group were deep purple in color, possessing copious amounts of anthocyanin in shoots. sunlight (sl)-mediated anthocyanin and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) induction in a cyanic cultivar, purple puttu, was compared with an acyanic c ...	1994	12232265
organ-specific and hormone-dependent expression of genes for serine carboxypeptidases during development and following germination of rice grains.	several cdna clones encoding either serine carboxypeptidases or related proteins of oryza sativa l. were identified, and the abundance of the corresponding mrna in immature and germinated grains was examined. the deduced amino acid sequence of each cdna included key sequences, such as a pentapeptide (g-x-s-x-g/a) that is conserved among many serine carboxypeptidases, and the putative protein products were classified as two general and one novel type of cereal serine carboxypeptidases. two genera ...	1994	7972496
poly(a) tail shortening of alpha-amylase mrnas in vegetative tissues of oryza sativa.	the pattern of expression for the entire alpha-amylase gene family in rice vegetative tissues during the developmental growth stages has been studied. we were surprised that the size of rice alpha-amylase mrnas in the young roots, shoots, and different tissues from adult plant was shorter by approximately 250 bases than that in immature or mature embryos and aleurone layers of seed. interestingly, the difference in the size of the alpha-amylase mrnas of rice seed and vegetative tissues is due to ...	1994	8048915
fertile indica rice plants regenerated from protoplasts isolated from scutellar tissue of immature embryos.	we report on the regeneration of fertile indica rice (oryza sativa l.) plants from protoplasts isolated from scutellar tissue of immature embryos. the average yields of protoplasts after purification ranged from 2.8 × 10(5) to 3.5 × 10(5) protoplasts per fifty embryos. protoplasts developed rapidly to colonies when cultured in maltose containing medium using the nurse culture method. upto 146 or 39 visible colonies per 10(6) protoplasts were obtained for the varieties basmati 370 and ir43 respec ...	1994	24194134
expressed sequence tags from cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa l.) under stressed conditions: analysis of transcripts of genes engaged in atp-generating pathways.	large-scale sequencing of randomly selected cdna clones was used to isolate numerous genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). total rna used for cdna synthesis was prepared from suspension-cultured cells of rice grown under stressed conditions, such as in saline or nitrogen-starvation conditions. a total of 780 cdna clones were partially sequenced and about 15% could be identified as putative genes. in the library constructed under saline conditions, we identified several genes associated with signal tr ...	1994	8049371
partial purification and characterization of invertase isozymes from rice grains (oryza sativa).	four invertase isozymes have been isolated from the milky stage rice grains. according to the ph optima, they are classified as one alkaline (it7) and three acid invertases. the acid invertases are further divided into two soluble forms (it4 and it5) and one cell wall-bound (itb) form which was solubilized in 1 m nacl. the ph optima of itb, it4, it5 and it7 are 4.5, 3.5-4.0, 5.0 and 7.0, and the molecular masses are 42, 60, 64 and 260 kda, respectively. both it4 and it5 were bound to con a-sepha ...	1994	7951078
characterization of a rice gene coding for a lipid transfer protein.	the cloning and sequence analysis of a gene that encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) from rice is reported. a genomic dna library from oryza sativa was screened using a cdna encoding a maize ltp. one genomic clone containing the gene (ltp) was partially sequenced and analyzed. the open reading frame is interrupted by an 89-bp intron. from the results of southern hybridizations, ltp appears to be a member of a small multigenic family. transcripts of the corresponding gene were detected in seve ...	1994	8194762
increased doubled haploid plant regeneration from rice (oryza sativa l.) anthers cultured on colchicine-supplemented media.	plating rice anthers on a semisolid induction medium containing 250 or 500 mg/l colchicine for 24 or 48 h-incubations followed by transfer to colchicine-free medium and standard anther culture procedures resulted in overall 1.5- to 2.5- fold increases in doubled haploid green plant productions compared to control anther cultures. the addition of colchicine had no detrimental effects on the different anther culture efficiency parameters, but in some treatments led to significant enhancement of an ...	1994	24194020
responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, cytochrome f, and sucrose synthesis enzymes in rice leaves to leaf nitrogen and their relationships to photosynthesis.	the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and various biochemical components of photosynthesis, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) content, cytochrome (cyt) f content, and the activities of two sucrose synthesis enzymes, were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically in different nitrogen concentrations. the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis at an intercellular co2 pressure of 20 pa (co2-limited photosynthesis) was linearly de ...	1994	12232197
mrna accumulation and promoter activity of the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in oryza sativa.	the accumulation of the mrna corresponding to the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein has been studies in rice. the patterns of gene expression obtained are similar to those observed in maize in regions rich in dividing cells such as the meristematic zones of roots. however, the gene does not seem to be induced by wounding as it is the case in maize. this effect is correlated with the absence of sequences present in the promoter of the maize gene and that have been described as re ...	1994	8018866
blocking of anaerobic protein synthesis destabilizes dramatically plant mitochondrial membrane ultrastructure.	to elucidate the role of "anaerobic proteins" synthesized in plant cell under anoxia, the synthesis of these proteins was inhibited in rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles and leaves by cycloheximide in the course of their anaerobic incubation. electron microscopic investigations demonstrated that the blockade of protein synthesis destabilized dramatically mitochondrial membrane fine structure. data obtained testify to significant role of anoxic stress proteins in the plant cell adaptation and sur ...	1994	7951058
molecular cloning and characterization of two complementary dnas encoding putative peroxidases from rice (oryza sativa l.) shoots.	pcr with oligonucleotide primers that corresponded to two highly homologous regions, in terms of amino acid sequence, of plant peroxidases was used to amplify a specific dna fragment from a mixture of rice (oryza sativa l.) cdnas. we then screened a cdna library prepared from mrnas of rice shoots utilizing the product of pcr as probe. two cdna clones, prxrpa and prxrpn, were isolated. they encode distinct isozymes of peroxidase. sequence analysis indicated that the clones encode mature proteins ...	1994	24193902
rflp-based phylogenetic analysis of wide compatibility varieties in oryza sativa l.	twenty-one wide compatibility varieties (wcvs) of rice together with three indica and three japonica testers were assayed with 160 dna probes that were selected to represent the entire rflp map at an average interval of 11 cm. on the basis of four enzyme digestion 125 probes detected polymorphisms among the wcvs and subspecies' testers. among these polymorphic probes there were 68 that could distinguish the indica from the japonica testers. two dendrograms were constructed on the basis of 398 po ...	1994	24185883
developmental and light-dependent cues interact to establish steady-state levels of transcripts for photosynthesis-related genes (psba, psbd, psaa and rbcl) in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the steady-state transcript levels for psba, psbd, psaa and rbcl are low in dark-grown rice seedlings as compared to those grown in light. following seed germination, they accumulate in an age-dependent manner, in dark as well as light, reaching a maximal level on the 7th or 8th day, before a slow decline sets in. but transcripts for psba and psbd continue to maintain relatively-high levels even after 10 days of growth in light. exposure of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings to light results in an a ...	1994	8082180
sequence of a cdna encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase.		1994	8016278
hydroxymethyl-phytochelatins [(gamma-glutamylcysteine)n-serine] are metal-induced peptides of the poaceae.	exposure of several species of the family poaceae to cadmium results in the formation of metal-induced peptides of the general structure (gamma-glu-cys)n-ser (n=2-4). they are assumed to be formed from hydroxymethyl-glutathione (gamma-glu-cys-ser) and are termed hydroxymethyl-phytochelatins (hm-pcs) in analogy to the homo-phytochelatins [(gamma-glu-cys)n-beta-ala], discovered in legumes, and the phytochelatins [pcs, (gamma-glu-cys)n-gly] found in most other plants and many fungi. the hm-pcs were ...	1994	8016264
[pollen of gramineae and its botanical, taxonomical, and ecological aspects].	this is a review of tropical pollens (gramineae) which cause allergy, addressed to medical workers and with emphasis in the costa rican. the graminean family poaceae is widely distributed and has great genetic plasticity. an evolutionary tendency to floral reduction has led to anemophily, with pollens ranging from large (e.g. corn, zea mays) to very small (e.g. tribes poae and avenae). this family produces a large number of pollens per panicle. the early morning production of free pollen (before ...	1994	7708965
ammonium uptake by rice roots (iii. electrophysiology).	the transmembrane electrical potential differences ([delta][psi]) were measured in epidermal and cortical cells of intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings grown in 2 or 100 [mu]m nh4+ (g2 or g100 plants, respectively). in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing no nitrogen, [delta][psi] was in the range of -120 to -140 mv. introducing nh4+ to the bathing medium caused a rapid depolarization. at the steady state, average [delta][psi] of g2 and g100 plants were ...	1994	12232135
sequence and functional analyses of the rice gene homologous to the maize vp1.	the homologous gene of the maize vp1 gene was isolated from rice (oryza sativa). sequence analysis revealed that the rice vp1 gene (osvp1) encodes a protein of 728 amino acids and is interupted by 5 introns at positions identical to those of the maize gene. osvp1 transcript was detected in developing embryo as early as 10 days after flowering and decreased toward maturity. osvp1 transcript was also detected in dry as well as imbided mature embryos. the ability of osvp1 gene product to activate a ...	1994	8193305
cuticle biosynthesis in rapidly growing internodes of deepwater rice.	submergence induces rapid elongation of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes. this adaptive feature allows deepwater rice to grow out of the water and to survive flooding. the growth response of submerged deepwater rice plants is, ultimately, elicited by gibberellin (ga). little attention has been given to the synthesis and role of the cuticle during plant growth. we investigated two questions regarding the cuticle in rapidly elongating deepwater rice internodes: (a) how does cuticle form ...	1994	12232121
retrotransposition of a plant sine into the wx locus during evolution of rice.	a new type of plant retroposon, p-sine1, has been found in the wx locus of rice (oryza sativa). it has some structural characteristics similar to those of mammalian sines, such as members of the alu or b1 family. in order to estimate the time at which the integration of p-sine1 into a single locus occurred during rice evolution, we examined the distribution of two members of p-sine1 in several species of the oryza genus by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we found that one member of p-sine1 ...	1994	8169958
nucleotide sequence of a rice root ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase cdna and its induction by nitrate.	a ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase (fnr) cdna was isolated from a lambda gt 11 cdna library constructed from the roots of nitrate-induced rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kinmaze) seedlings. the nucleotide sequence of this clone contains a 1134 nucleotide open reading frame. the n-terminal 62 amino acid stretch was assigned to the transit sequence, followed by 316 residues for the mature protein. the rice root fnr shows only 49% sequence identity to that of the leaf enzyme, but the regions of the binding sit ...	1994	8286405
genetic variation detected with rapd markers among upland and lowland rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.).	genetic variation of nine upland and four lowland rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) was investigated at the dna level using the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method via the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). forty-two random primers were used to amplify dna segments and 260 pcr products were obtained. the results of agarosegel electrophoretic analysis of these pcr products indicated that 208 (80%) were polymorphic. all 42 primers used in this experiment were amplified and typically gene ...	1994	24190409
involvement of phenolic esters in cell aggregation of suspension-cultured rice cells.	fluorescence microscopy of rice (oryza sativa l.) callus sections showed that all of the walls fluoresced blue in water (ph 5.8) and green in ammonia (ph 10.0), both characteristics of feruloyl esters. such fluorescence in the walls of cells cultured in gamborg's b5 medium was much stronger than that in amino acid (aa) medium. laser scanning microscopy showed that the level of fluorescence was higher in the intercellular layer, especially at corner junctions between cells, suggesting that feruli ...	1994	12232068
a unique sequence located downstream from the rice mitochondrial atp6 may cause male sterility.	asymmetric cell-fusion of the japonica cultivar of oryza sativa (rice) with cytoplasmic-male-sterile (cms) plants bearing cytoplasm derived from chinsurah boro ii, resulted in two classes of cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids), fertile and cms. southern-blot analysis of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) indicates recombination events around a number of genes; however, the appearance of the cms character is tightly correlated to reorganization around the atp6 gene, suggesting recombination downstream from ...	1994	7915966
nucleotide sequence of rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna homologous to cdc2 gene.	we isolated and determined a nucleotide sequence of a rice dna clone (ss224) denoted to rcdc2. this clone encodes an open reading frame of 302 amino acids and typical three conserved domains that exist in all cdc2 homologues. the evolutionary tree showed that rcdc2 was far from cdc2 and its homologous genes identified in various plants.	1994	7703506
development of desiccation tolerance during embryogenesis in rice (oryza sativa) and wild rice (zizania palustris) (dehydrin expression, abscisic acid content, and sucrose accumulation).	the ability of seeds to withstand desiccation develops during embryogenesis and differs considerably among species. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) grains readily survive dehydration to as low as 2% water content, whereas north american wild rice (zizania palustris var interior [fasset] dore) grains are not tolerant of water contents below 6% and are sensitive to drying and imbibition conditions. during embryogenesis, dehydrin proteins, abscisic acid (aba), and saccharides are synthesized, and all ...	1994	12232094
rice triosephosphate isomerase gene 5[prime] sequence directs [beta]-glucuronidase activity in transgenic tobacco but requires an intron for expression in rice.	in rice (oryza sativa l.), cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) is encoded by a single gene. tpi catalyzes a vital step in glycolysis, and rna blots showed that the tpi gene is expressed in all vegetative tissues (root, culm, and leaves) and in rice suspension cells. no effect of light on expression was detected, but submergence of rice seedlings resulted in elevated levels of tpi mrna in roots and culms. the 2767-bp 5[prime] upstream sequence of the tpi gene was fused translationally with ...	1994	12232342
identification of posttranslationally modified 18-kilodalton protein from rice as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a.	using anther-derived rice (oryza sativa l.) cell-suspension cultures, we have identified an 18-kd protein that is posttranslationally modified by spermidine and is influenced by endogenous polyamine levels. the posttranslationally modified residue has been identified as the unusual amino acid hypusine [n[epsilon]-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry analyses. differential labeling of the protein with labe ...	1994	12232418
expression of functional proliferating-cell nuclear antigen from rice (oryza sativa) in escherichia coli. activity in association with human dna polymerase delta.	proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (pcna), the auxiliary protein for dna polymerase delta, is one of the key factors for both pcna-dependent dna synthesis and cell-cycle progression. plant pcna genes have previously been cloned from rice, carrot, tobacco, and soybean cells by screening the cdna libraries using similarity to the human or rat pcna genes. we subcloned the relevant gene from the rice pcna cdna into an escherichia coli expression vector pmal, and the pcna protein was expressed in the ...	1994	7913441
efficient transformation of rice (oryza sativa l.) mediated by agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the t-dna.	a large number of morphologically normal, fertile, transgenic rice plants were obtained by co-cultivation of rice tissues with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the efficiency of transformation was similar to that obtained by the methods used routinely for transformation of dicotyledons with the bacterium. stable integration, expression and inheritance of transgenes were demonstrated by molecular and genetic analysis of transformants in the r0, r1 and r2 generations. sequence analysis revealed that the ...	1994	7920717
on the identification of group ii introns in nucleotide sequence data.	four different consensus sequences (gti, group ii identifiers) have been derived from domains v of known group ii introns and are used as query input sequences for sensitive database screenings with the fasta and lfasta programs. the set of four gti sequences can identify all domains v of the 96 known group ii introns in the completely sequenced chloroplast genomes of marchantia polymorpha, epifagus virginiana, oryza sativa, nicotiana tabacum and the completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes of ...	1994	7932698
a likelihood approach for comparing synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates, with application to the chloroplast genome.	a model of dna sequence evolution applicable to coding regions is presented. this represents the first evolutionary model that accounts for dependencies among nucleotides within a codon. the model uses the codon, as opposed to the nucleotide, as the unit of evolution, and is parameterized in terms of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates. one of the model's advantages over those used in methods for estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates is that it complet ...	1994	7968485
molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a receptor-like serine/threonine kinase from rice.	a receptor-like protein kinase, ospk10, has been cloned from rice (oryza sativa). the 2.8 kb cdna contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a peptide sequence of 824 amino acids. the topological features of the predicted ospk10 protein include an n-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine-rich extracellular ligand-binding domain, a membrane-spanning segment, and a cytoplasmic domain possessing all the hallmarks of catalytic domains of eukaryotic protein kinases. the cytoplasmic domain was se ...	1994	7999995
isolation of a monocot 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene that is elicitor-inducible.	the rice (oryza sativa) phytoalexins, momilactones and oryzalexins, are synthesized by the isoprenoid pathway. an early step in this pathway, one that is rate-limiting in mammalian systems, is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr). a gene that encodes this enzyme has been isolated from rice, and found to contain an open reading frame of 1527 bases. the encoded protein sequence of the rice hmgr appears to be conserved with respect to other hmgr proteins, a ...	1994	8049366
protein quality of weaning foods based on locally available cereal and pulse combination.	locally available cereals and pulses such as rice (oryza sativa), kangini (setaria italica), sanwak (echinochloa frumentacea), green gram (vigna radiata) and jaggery were used to formulate three weaning foods. cereal, pulse and jaggery were mixed in the ratio of 70:30:25. roasting was the main processing technique used in the formulation of these weaning foods. the developed weaning foods had 5.06 to 5.68 g moisture, 10.28 to 13.71 g protein, 2.91 to 3.77 g ash, 1.08 to 1.87 g fat, 14.42 to 14.9 ...	1994	7855096
six new candidate members of the alpha/beta twisted open-sheet family detected by sequence similarity to flavodoxin.	strong sequence similarity has been reported among wrba (the trp repressor-binding protein of escherichia coli); ycp4, a protein of unknown function from the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae; p25, the pap1-dependent protein of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe; and the translation product of a partial cdna sequence from rice seedling root (oryza sativa, locus ricr02421a; here referred to as ricr). further homology search with the profile method indicates that all the above sequen ...	1994	7756978
heat-inducible rice hsp82 and hsp70 are not always co-regulated.	we have characterized several heat-shock-induced genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) and compared their expression under a variety of conditions. three of these genes, which are analogs of the hsp82/90 family, lie within a cloned 18-kilobase (kb) region of the genome. the middle member of this cluster, designated hsp82b, has been fully sequenced. the gene uses a promoter containing six putative heat-shock elements as well as several unusual sequence motifs including a stretch of 11 thymidines altern ...	1994	7764623
a novel lipoxygenase from rice. primary structure and specific expression upon incompatible infection with rice blast fungus.	a novel lipoxygenase cdna (3,007 base pairs) was isolated from rice leaves (oryza sativa cv. aichiasahi) which had been infected with an incompatible race of the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe grisea. a single copy of the gene is present in the rice genome and encodes a protein of 923 residues with a molecular weight of 102,714. this gene product shares the least amino acid sequence homology among plant lipoxygenases identified to date. a novel feature of this gene product is a putative transit ...	1994	7508918
palindromic repeated sequences (prss) in the mitochondrial genome of rice: evidence for their insertion after divergence of the genus oryza from the other gramineae.	we have identified a family of small repeated sequences (from 60 to 66 bp in length) in the mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). there are at least ten copies of these sequences and they are distributed throughout the mitochondrial genome. each is potentially capable of forming a stem-and-loop structure and we have designated them prss (palindromic repeated sequences). their features are reminiscent of the small dispersed repeats in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of some lo ...	1994	7509206
rice tungro bacilliform virus: transcription and translation in protoplasts.	protoplasts from cell suspension cultures of oryza sativa (monocot) and orychophragmus violaceus (dicot) support transcription from the rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) promoter and translation of the resulting mrna despite the presence of a long leader sequence with strong secondary structure and 12 short open reading frames. transcriptional elements located both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site are defined by deletion analysis and the functional tata motif is de ...	1994	8091688
root colonization and systemic spreading of azoarcus sp. strain bh72 in grasses.	the invasive properties of azoarcus sp. strain bh72, an endorhizospheric isolate of kallar grass, on gnotobiotically grown seedlings of oryza sativa ir36 and leptochloa fusca (l.) kunth were studied. additionally, azoarcus spp. were localized in roots of field-grown kallar grass. to facilitate localization and to assure identity of bacteria, genetically engineered microorganisms expressing beta-glucuronidase were also used as inocula. beta-glucuronidase staining indicated that the apical region ...	1994	8144457
cloning and sequence analysis of a cdna encoding rice glutaredoxin.	a full-length cdna clone (rasc8) encoding glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) was isolated from a cdna library of an aleurone layer prepared from a developing seed of rice (oryza sativa l.). rasc8, 568bp in length, contained an atg codon and two possible polyadenylation signals, and encoded 112 amino acid residues. cys-pro-phe-cys, which is the active site and a highly conserved sequence among thioltransferases, was found in the deduced amino acid sequence. rasc8 was introduced into an expression ve ...	1994	8287970
fourier-transform raman and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (an investigation of five higher plant cell walls and their components).	infrared and raman spectra of sequentially extracted primary cell walls and their pectic polymers were obtained from five angiosperm plants. fourier-transform raman spectrometry was shown to be a powerful tool for the investigation of primary cell-wall architecture at a molecular level, providing complementary information to that obtained by fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. the use of an extraction procedure using imidazole instead of cyclohexane trans-1,2-n,n,n[prime],n[prime]-diam ...	1994	12232436
transgenic indica rice (oryza sativa l.) plants obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts.	we have established a reproducible procedure for transformation of protoplasts and regeneration of transgenic plants for an improved indica rice cultivar ir43. mature embryo-derived calli were placed in liquid culture medium containing maltose to establish meristematically active, embryogenic cell suspension lines. in order to obtain transgenic plants, a chimeric hygromycin phosphotransferase hph gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus camv 35s promoter was introduced into protopl ...	1994	7764447
mapping of a magnaporthe grisea locus affecting rice (oryza sativa) cultivar specificity.	magnaporthe grisea causes rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice. the segregation of genes controlling virulence of m. grisea on rice was studied to establish the genetic basis of cultivar specificity in this host-parasite interaction. full-sib progeny and parent isolates guy11 and 2539 of m. grisea were inoculated onto rice (oryza sativa) cultivar 'co39' and five near-isogenic lines (nils) of co39. each nil contained a different single gene affecting resistance to specific isolat ...	1994	24186240
saturated molecular map of the rice genome based on an interspecific backcross population.	a molecular map has been constructed for the rice genome comprised of 726 markers (mainly restriction fragment length polymorphisms; rflps). the mapping population was derived from a backcross between cultivated rice, oryza sativa, and its wild african relative, oryza longistaminata. the very high level of polymorphism between these species, combined with the use of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cdna libraries, contributed to mapping efficiency. a subset of the probes used in this study wa ...	1994	7896104
the metabolism of gibberellin a20 to gibberellin a1 by tall and dwarf mutants of oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana.	the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the metabolism of gibberellin a20 (ga20) to gibberellin a1 (ga1) by tall and mutant shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.) and arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. the data show that the tall and dx mutant of rice and the tall and ga5 mutant of arabidopsis metabolize ga20 to ga1. the data also show that the dy mutant of rice and the ga4 mutant of arabidopsis block the metabolism of ga20 to ga1. [17-13c,3h]ga20 was fed to tall and the dwarf mutants, dx and dy, o ...	1994	12232414
allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates.	l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ...	1994	24242057
phylogenetic relationships of 10 grass species: an assessment of phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribed spacer region in nuclear ribosomal dna in monocots.	entire sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) and 5.8s subunit of nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) were obtained from nine grass species by direct double-stranded sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified dna fragments. these sequences from subfamily pooideae (triticum aestivum, crithodium monococcum, sitopsis speltoides, hordeum vulgare, secale montanum, avena longiglumis, bromus inermis, brachypodium distachyon) and subfamily panicoideae (sorghum bicolor) together with ...	1994	8181731
production and analysis of asymmetric hybrid plants between monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and dicotyledon (daucus carota l.).	asymmetric hybrid plants were obtained from fused protoplasts of a monocotyledon (oryza sativa l.) and a dicotyledon (daucus carota l.). x-ray-irradiated protoplasts isolated from a cytoplasmic malesterile (cms) carrot suspension culture were fused with iodoacetoamide-treated protoplasts isolated from a 5-methyltryptophan (5mt)-resistant rice suspension culture by electrofusion. the complementary recovered cells divided and formed colonies, which were then cultivated on regeneration medium suppl ...	1994	24177855
description and sem observations of meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae), parasitizing beachgrasses.	meloidogyne sasseri n. sp. is described and illustrated from american beachgrass (ammophila breviliffulata) originally collected from henlopen state park and fenwick island near the maryland state line in delaware, united states (6). its relationship to m. graminis, m. spartinae, and m. californiensis is discussed. primary distinctive characters of the female perineal pattern were a high to rounded arch with shoulders, widely spaced lateral lines interrupting transverse striations, a sunken vulv ...	1993	19279820
constitutive and inducible aerobic and anaerobic stress proteins in the echinochloa complex and rice.	anaerobic stress resulted in a change in the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and oryza sativa (l.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of the six echinochloa species investigated, e. phyllopogon (stev.) koss, e. muricata (beauv.) fern, e. oryzoides (ard.) fritsch clayton, and e. crus-galli (l.) beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate in the absence of oxygen, as does rice. in contrast, e. crus-pavonis (h.b.k ...	1993	12231678
metabolism and biological activity of gibberellin a4 in vegetative shoots of zea mays, oryza sativa, and arabidopsis thaliana.	[17-13c,3h]gibberellin a4 (ga4) was injected into the shoots of tall (w23/l317), dwarf-1 (d1), and dwarf-5 (d5) zea mays l. (maize); tall (cv nipponbare), dwarf-x (dx), and dwarf-y (dy) oryza sativa l. (rice); and tall (ecotype landsberg erecta), ga4, and ga5 arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. [13c]ga4 and its metabolites were identified from the shoots by full-scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and kovats retention indices. ga4 was metabolized to ga1 in all nine genotypes. ga4 was also met ...	1993	12231829
enigmatic double-stranded rna in japonica rice.	we have found a linear, 16 kb, double-stranded rna (dsrna) in symptomless japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) that is not found in indica rice (oryza sativa l.). the dsrna was detected in every tissue and at every developmental stage, and its copy number was approximately constant (about 20 copies/cell). double-stranded rna was also detected in two strains of oryza rufipogon (an ancestor of o. sativa). hybridization experiments indicated that the dsrna of o. rufipogon was homologous but not identica ...	1993	8490131
expression of a rice homeobox gene causes altered morphology of transgenic plants.	we have isolated a cdna clone encoding a homeobox sequence from rice. dna sequence analysis of this clone, which was designated as oryza sativa homeobox 1 (osh1), and a genomic clone encoding the osh1 sequence have shown that the osh1 gene consists of five exons and encodes a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has shown that osh1 is a single-copy gene located near the phytochrome gene on chromosome 3. introduction of the cloned osh1 gene int ...	1993	8104574
metabolic factors capable of inducing agrobacterium vir gene expression are present in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the effects of exudates and extracts from suspension cultures or various parts of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants on induction of vir (virulence) gene expression in agrobacterium tumefaciens were examined. only leaf extracts from panicle-differentiating plants to flowering plants were able to strongly induce activation and expression of vir genes. this induction was similar to that observed with 2 μm acetosyringone (as), yet there was no synergy between as and rice extracts. responses to vir-induc ...	1993	24196854
interpreting upland rice yield and pratylenchus zeae relationships: correspondence analyses.	correspondence analyses were used to explore the relationships between yield and populations of pratylenchus zeae in an upland rice field and in a greenhouse experiment. initial soil (pi) and final root (pf) population densities of p. zeae, and yield (y) of rice cv. upl ri5 were determined at 490 spots in the field. very low y was linked to very high pf. low y was linked to medium or high pi and medium pf. medium to very high y were clustered with undetectable pi and very low or high pf. all yie ...	1993	19279769
the reaction of mitochondria in the coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) with diaminobenzidine.	diaminobenzidine, dab, was applied to segments of aerobically and anaerobically grown coleoptiles of rice, oryza sativa l., with the object of studying the location of cytochrome oxidase at the electron-microscope level. a specific staining of mitochondrial cristae and inner membrane was obtained, with no reaction in other organelles; with extended periods of incubation, the reaction product filled the mitochondria completely. in anaerobically grown coleoptiles, the reaction was much slower and ...	1993	46231
a 127 kda component of a uv-damaged dna-binding complex, which is defective in some xeroderma pigmentosum group e patients, is homologous to a slime mold protein.	a cdna which encodes a approximately 127 kda uv-damaged dna-binding (uv-ddb) protein with high affinity for (6-4)pyrimidine dimers [abramic', m., levine, a.s. & protic', m., j. biol. chem. 266: 22493-22500, 1991] has been isolated from a monkey cell cdna library. the presence of this protein in complexes bound to uv-damaged dna was confirmed by immunoblotting. the human cognate of the uv-ddb gene was localized to chromosome 11. uv-ddb mrna was expressed in all human tissues examined, including c ...	1993	8371985
anaerobiosis and plant growth hormones induce two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the plant hormone ethylene is believed to be responsible for the ability of rice to grow in the deepwater regions of southeast asia. ethylene production is induced by hypoxia, which is caused by flooding, because of enhanced activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase, the key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. we have cloned three divergent members, (os-acs1, os-acs2, and os-acs3), of a multigene family encoding acc synthase in rice. os-acs1 resides on chromosome ...	1993	8389618
agrobacterium-mediated production of transgenic rice plants expressing a chimeric alpha-amylase promoter/beta-glucuronidase gene.	we have successfully transferred and expressed a reporter gene driven by an alpha-amylase promoter in a japonica type of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. tainung 62) using the agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer system. immature rice embryos (10-12 days after anthesis) were infected with an agrobacterium strain carrying a plasmid containing chimeric genes of beta-glucuronidase (uida) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii). co-incubation of potato suspension culture (psc) with the agrobacterium inocul ...	1993	8392395
a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna encodes a protein sequence homologous to the eukaryotic ribosomal 5s rna-binding protein.	a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone coding for the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein l5, which associates with 5 s rrna for ribosome assembly, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the primary structure of rice l5, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, contains 294 amino acids and has intriguing features some of which are also conserved in other eucaryotic homologues. these include: four clusters of basic amino acids, one of which may serve as a nucleolar localization signal; three ...	1993	8219074
nascent transcript-binding protein of the pea chloroplast transcriptionally active chromosome.	this study describes the nascent rna-binding protein of the pea chloroplast transcriptional complex. the protein has been identified by photoaffinity labelling of the transcriptionally active chromosome (tac) which utilizes the endogenous plastid dna as template. uv irradiation of lysed chloroplast or the isolated tac under conditions optimized for transcription photocross-links nascent radiolabelled transcripts (up to 250 nucleotides in length) to a 48 kda protein. the photoaffinity labelling o ...	1993	8260634
clusters of interspersed repeated dna sequences in the rice genome (oryza).	we have characterized a repeated dna sequence (rtl122) from rice (oryza sativa l.) with respect to its organization in the rice genome and its distribution among rice and other plants. the results indicate that the rtl122 sequence is interspersed in the rice genome and limited to the genus oryza. it is highly polymorphic and can be used to fingerprint rice varieties. a structure was observed in which several repeated sequences were clustered in dna regions of 15-20 kb. we characterized three bac ...	1993	8270205
characterization of minisatellite sequences from oryza sativa.	two dna sequences were cloned from the genome of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) by cross-hybridization with the human minisatellite sequence 33.6. the rice sequences consisted of tandem direct repeats, which showed significant similarity to the 33.6 consensus sequence. profiles capable of distinguishing different rice cultivars were detected by cross-hybridization with a dna probe amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from one of the rice minisatellite sequences.	1993	8270207
identification, cdna cloning, and gene expression of soluble starch synthase in rice (oryza sativa l.) immature seeds.	three forms of soluble starch synthase were resolved by anion-exchange chromatography of soluble extracts from immature rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds, and each of these forms was further purified by affinity chromatograph. the 55-, 57-, and 57-kd proteins in the three preparations were identified as candidates for soluble starch synthase by western blot analysis using an antiserum against rice granule-bound starch synthase. it is interesting that the amino-terminal amino acid sequence was identic ...	1993	7518089
a view of plant dehydrins using antibodies specific to the carboxy terminal peptide.	dehydrins are characterized by the consensus kikeklpg amino acid sequence found near the carboxy terminus, and usually repeated from one to many times within the protein. a synthetic peptide containing this consensus sequence was used to produce specific antibodies that recognize dehydrins in a wide range of plants. this range covered two families of monocots, viz. gramineae (hordeum vulgare l., triticum aestivum l., zea mays l., oryza sativa l.) and liliaceae (allium sativa l.), and five famili ...	1993	7693020
cloning and structural analysis of calmodulin gene from rice.	full-length cdna encoding rice (oryza sativa, cv. nongken 58s) calmodulin (cam) mrna has been cloned using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with synthesized primers from the sequence of barley cam gene. sequence analysis revealed that the rice gene is 450 bp in length that and its predicted polypeptide consists of 148 amino acids. it differs from those that of barley and alfalfa in only one position, respectively. the nucleotide homology between rice and barley is 90%, between rice and alfalfa is ...	1993	8061233
an rflp species-specific dna sequence for the a genome of rice.	a dna sequence, pos6.20, was cloned from the nuclear genome of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) by hybridization with a human minisatellite sequence. at high hybridization stringency, a subfragment of the rice sequence, pos6.20.3, detected low-copy restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps), which behaved as mendelian genetic markers. this subfragment detected multicopy rflps between an indica and a javanica cultivar at medium hybridization stringency. the sequences detected by pos6.20.3 ...	1993	18470000
comparative studies of isozymes in oryza sativa, o. minuta, and their interspecific derivatives: evidence for homoeology and recombination.	enzyme electrophoresis was used to compare the isozyme phenotypes of oryza sativa, ir31917 (aa genome), and two o. minuta accessions (om 101089 and om101141; bbcc genome) for ten enzyme systems. between the two species, two systems were monomorphic (isocitrate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and eight were polymorphic (shikimate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, esterase, aminopeptidase, an ...	1993	24190357
ammonium uptake by rice roots (ii. kinetics of 13nh4+ influx across the plasmalemma).	short-term influxes of 13nh4+ were measured in intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings that were hydroponically grown at 2, 100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+. below 1 mm external concentration ([nh4+]0), influx was saturable and due to a high-affinity transport system (hats). for the hats, vmax values were negatively correlated and km values were positively correlated with nh4+ provision during growth and root [nh4+]. between 1 and 40 mm [nh4+]0, 13nh4+ influx showed a linear r ...	1993	12232018
ammonium uptake by rice roots (i. fluxes and subcellular distribution of 13nh4+).	the time course of 13nh4+ uptake and the distribution of 13nh4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) plants grown hydroponically in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing 2,100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+ (referred to hereafter as g2, g100, or g1000 plants, respectively). at steady state, the influx of 13nh4+ was determined to be 1.31, 5.78, and 10.11 [mu]mol g-1 fresh weight h-1, respectively, for g2, g100, and g1000 plants ...	1993	12232017
cloning and sequencing analysis of a complementary dna for manganese-superoxide dismutase from rice (oryza sativa l.).		1993	8290649
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase of rice (oryza sativa l.).	we isolated a rice cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk, ec 2.7.4.6). the deduced amino acid sequence of the rice ndk shows highest homology to spinach ndk-i. the rice ndk gene exhibits a strong codon bias (73.8% gc) in the third position of the codon. dna blot analysis indicated that at least single ndk gene is present in rice genome.	1993	8260630
partial purification and characterization of soluble acid invertases from rice (oryza sativa) leaves.	there are three soluble acid invertases in the leaves of rice. they could be separated by deae1-sephacel chromatography, and named it1, it2 and it3. the molecular weights of it1, it2 and it3, determined by hplc gel filtration chromatography, were 220 kd, 59 kd and 67 kd, respectively. their pi values were 6.2, 5.2 and 4.9, respectively. the ph optima of it1, it2 and it3 were 3.5, 6.0 and 5.5 respectively. all of them could hydrolyze sucrose and raffinose but not maltose, therefore they are all b ...	1993	8136712
a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant having a low content of glutelin and a high content of prolamine.	among the mutant lines of rice that have been selected for morphological characters, one line, nm67, was found to have a low content of glutelin and a higher content of prolamine in its seed protein than other japanese cultivars. this mutant is a semi-dwarf and partially sterile line, and its leaves turn yellow before heading. genetic analysis after backcross to the original cultivar, 'nihonmasari', revealed the following: (1) the character of low glutelin content was always accompanied by the c ...	1993	24190265
metabolic regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression in transgenic cell cultures of rice (oryza sativa l.).	expression of two genes in the alpha-amylase gene family is controlled by metabolic regulation in rice cultured cells. the levels of ramy3d and ramy3e mrnas in rice cultured cells are inversely related to the concentration of sugar in the culture medium. other genes in the rice alpha-amylase gene family have little or no expression in cultured cells; these expression levels are not controlled by metabolic regulation. a ramy3d promoter/gus gene fusion was metabolically regulated in the transgenic ...	1993	8251627
activity of a maize ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice.	we have used the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron (ubi) for rice (oryza sativa l. cv. taipei 309) transformation experiments and studied its expression in transgenic calli and plants. ubi directed significantly higher levels of transient gene expression than other promoter/intron combinations used for rice transformation. we exploited these high levels of expression to identify stable transformants obtained from callus-derived protoplasts co-transfected with two chimeric g ...	1993	8219091
pre-germination genotypic screening using pcr amplification of half-seeds.	a simple and rapid pcr-based method has been developed for determining the genotype of seeds before germination. single half-seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) were preincubated, without grinding, in an aqueous extraction buffer. the resulting supernatants were then used in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to rice single-copy sequences or a wheat microsatellite repeat. pcr products of identical size were amplified ...	1993	24193778
light-regulated and cell-specific expression of tomato rbcs-gusa and rice rbcs-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice.	a previously isolated rice (oryza sativa) rbcs gene was further characterized. this analysis revealed specific sequences in the 5' regulatory region of the rice rbcs gene that are conserved in rbcs genes of other monocotyledonous species. in transgenic rice plants, we examined the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene directed by the 2.8-kb promoter region of the rice rbcs gene. to examine differences in the regulation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous rbcs promoters, th ...	1993	8278540
role of media constituents and proline in callus growth, somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa cv indica.	conditions were optimised for efficient callus induction from seeds of four local indica rice cultivars, gr-3, gr-102, jaya and te-tep. addition of 2,4-d to ms medium at 2.5 mg/l resulted in 100% callus induction. n6 medium was superior to ms medium for callus growth, formation of embryogenic callus as well as regeneration. cultivar te-tep showed highest callus growth while gr-102 the least. addition of casein hydrolysate enhanced growth of callus but did not yield more embryogenic calli. supple ...	1993	8225416
variations in chloroplast dna from rice (oryza sativa): differences between deletions mediated by short direct-repeat sequences within a single species.	in a previous study, we compared chloroplast dnas (ctdnas) from four species oforyza and detected two independent deletions of dna fragments in the ctdnas (kanno and hirai 1992a). these deletions were genotype-specific variations. since short direct-repeat sequences were detected at the borders of both deletions, the deletions were apparently the result of intramolecular recombination mediated by these direct-repeat sequences. in the present study, we examined whether or not this type of variati ...	1993	24193706
nuclear gene encoding cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase from rice (oryza sativa l.).		1993	8108523
suppression in mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind stress induced proline accumulation.	exposure of six day old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings to salt or cadmium stress lead to an increase in the level of proline with a simultaneous decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors - rotenone, antimycin a or potassium cyanide also stimulated proline accumulation in rice seedlings with a concurrent decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. four to five fold enhancement in proline level was noted in seedlings after 48 ...	1993	8503937
nucleotide sequence of an abundant rice seed globulin: homology with the high molecular weight glutelins of wheat, rye and triticale.	a cdna clone corresponding to a 19 kd salt-soluble globulin of rice (oryza sativa l.) was isolated by screening a lambda gt11 expression library of endosperm mrna with antibodies raised against the purified rice seed alpha-globulin. the cdna contained a single large open reading frame encoding a putative globulin precursor of molecular weight of 21 kd. the polypeptide consists of 182 amino acids and is devoid of lysine residues. computer analysis of the nh2-terminal sequence of the globulin prec ...	1993	8503935
influence of cadmium and nickel on growth, net photosynthesis and carbohydrate distribution in rice plants.	six day old rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. bahía) were grown for 5 or 10 days in a nutrient solution with either cd (0.01, 0.1 mmol/l) or ni (0.1, 0.5 mmol/l). both cd and ni reduced the length of shoots and roots depending on the concentration and type of ion tested. on the other hand, the dry weight to fresh weight ratio was increased by heavy metal treatments, especially in the aerial part of 0.5 mmol/l ni treated plants. the application of 0.1 mmol/l cd and 0.5 mmol/l ni to the seedling ...	1993	24318867
alignment of molecular and classical linkage maps of rice, oryza sativa.	application of genetic linkage maps in plant genetics and breeding can be greatly facilitated by integrating the available classical and molecular genetic linkage maps. in rice, oryza sativa l., the classical linkage map includes about 300 genes which correspond to various important morphological, physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. the molecular maps consist of more than 500 dna markers which cover most of the genome within relatively short intervals. little effort has bee ...	1993	24197352
purification and characterization of membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells (identification of a regulatory factor).	a membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c was solubilized from rice (oryza sativa l.) microsomal membranes and purified to apparent homogeneity using a series of chromatographic separations. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 42,000 d, and the isoelectric point was 5.1. the optimum ph for the enzyme activity was approximately 6.5, and the enzyme was activated by both ca2+ and sr2+. the c ...	1993	12231806
genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the genetics of salinity tolerance in rice was investigated by a nine-parent complete diallel including reciprocals. test materials involved susceptible (ir28, ir29, and mi-48), moderately tolerant (ir4595-4-1-13, ir9884-54-3-1e-p1, and ir10206-29-2-1), and tolerant ("nona bokra", "pokkali", and sr26b) parents. twoweek-old seedlings were grown in a salinized (ec = 12 ds/m) culture solution for 19 days under controlled conditions in the irri phytotron. typical characteristics of salinity toleranc ...	1993	24193479
mutants having a low content of 16-kda allergenic protein in rice (oryza sativa l.).	rice mutants containing low levels of the 16-kda allergenic protein, which is the main allergen in the rice grain for patients of atopic dermatitis due to the intake of rice, were screened, and 4 independent mutant lines with small amounts of this protein were found by sds gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. these mutants were grouped into two types. two mutant lines, 85kg-4 and 86rg-18, contained low levels of the 16k-da and 26-kda polypeptides and a high level of the 57-kda polypeptid ...	1993	24193476
characterization of protein synthesis by isolated rice mitochondria.	bacteria-free mitochondria were isolated from aseptically grown, etiolated and green seedlings of both cytoplasmic male-sterile (wa-type) and male-fertile rice (oryza sativa l.). protein synthesis in these isolated mitochondria was characterized by gel electrophoresis/fluorography and by the incorporation of [(35)s]-methionine into protein. in the presence of cycloheximide, a set of some 25 discrete polypeptides and an electrophoretically unresolved population were synthesized. this pattern of p ...	1993	24193475
changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice (oryza sativa) plants during ripening.	nitrogen accumulation in the apical spikelets on the primary branches of the main stem of rice plants have been studied during the ripening process (0-35 d after flowering). the level of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (gogat) protein and activity increased 4- and 6-fold, respectively, in the first 15 d after flowering. maximum levels of nadh-gogat were found at that time when the spikelets had just begun to increase in dry weight and to accumulate storage proteins. subsequently, both the leve ...	1993	12231780
comparative study on the chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear genome differentiation in two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and o. glaberrima, by rflp analyses.	restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast (ct), mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear dna were investigated using eight cultivars of oryza sativa and two cultivars of o. glaberrima. relative variability in the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes was estimated by a common measure, genetic distance. based on the average genetic distances among ten cultivars for each genome, the evolutionary variabilities of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were found to be almost the same, whereas the var ...	1993	24193387