Publications

cloning, nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of the clostridium acetobutylicum dnaj gene.	the complete dnaj gene of clostridium acetobutylicum was isolated by chromosome walking using the previously cloned 5' end of the gene as a probe. nucleotide sequencing of a positively reacting 2.2-kb hincii fragment, contained in the recombinant plasmid pkg4, revealed that the reading frame of the dnaj gene of c. acetobutylicum consists of 1125 bp, encoding a protein of 374 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 40376 and an isoelectric point of 9.54. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high ...	1993	7507453
the major peripheral myelin protein zero gene: structure and localization in the cluster of fc gamma receptor genes on human chromosome 1q21.3-q23.	we have characterized the human gene encoding the major peripheral myelin protein zero (p0) and assigned it, by in situ hybridization, to the q21.3-q23 region of human chromosome 1. this region is known to contain a cluster of interspersed genes coding for the related human leukocyte receptors of the fc portion of the immunoglobulin g (fc gamma ri, ii, iii). this colocalization was refined by the finding of a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) of the centre d'etude du polymorphisme humain (ceph) ...	1993	7509228
secondary structure of rnase mrp rna as predicted by phylogenetic comparison.	rnase mrp is a ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that has been shown to cleave mitochondrial primer rna sequences from a variety of sources. the bulk of rnase mrp activity is found in the nucleus where its function remains unknown. two different approaches have resulted in predictions of distinct secondary structures for rnase mrp rna. in order to analyze more definitively the higher-order structure of rnase mrp rna, we have conducted a phylogenetic comparison of the available rnase mrp rna seq ...	1993	7678563
epitope-tagging vectors designed for yeast.	in order to facilitate the process of epitope-tagging of yeast proteins, we have constructed two saccharomyces cerevisiae-escherichia coli shuttle vectors that allow fusion of a sequence encoding an epitope of the human c-myc protein at the 3' end of any gene. an example of the use of this technique is presented.	1993	7679330
expression of htlv-i env and tax recombinant peptides in yeast: identification of immunogenic domains.	a peptide library of htlv-i env and tax proteins was constructed in yeast in order to characterize which domains of these proteins are immunogenic in htlv-i-infected individuals. five yeast colonies (a to e) were selected using htlv-i positive plasma, and one yeast colony (f) was selected using rabbit anti-tax sera. plasmid dna present in each positive clone was recovered and sequenced. overlapping clones a to e covered the c-terminal part of the gp46 exterior glycoprotein (aa 197 to 305) and we ...	1993	7679862
analysis of conserved binding proteins for nuclear localization sequences.	correct targeting of nuclear proteins is mediated by nuclear localization sequences (nls) which permit specific binding to the nucleus and subsequent translocation across the nuclear envelope via the nuclear pore complex. it is proposed that nuclear import is facilitated by nls-receptors which reside in the cytoplasm and at the nuclear pore. these nls-receptors could facilitate an early step of nuclear protein import, i.e. targeting and binding of nuclear proteins at the nuclear pore. we have ge ...	1993	7680661
improved calcineurin inhibition by yeast fkbp12-drug complexes. crystallographic and functional analysis.	the protein phosphatase calcineurin is the putative target for the immunosuppressive drug fk-506. the enzyme is inhibited by the complex of the drug with its intracellular receptor, the 12-kda fk-506-binding protein (fkbp12), and the strength of inhibition usually correlates strongly with immunosuppressive potency. we find, however, that the complex of yeast fkbp12 with l-685,818, a well characterized antagonist of fk-506 immunosuppression, is a potent inhibitor of calcineurin. the corresponding ...	1993	7681823
characterization of two maize hsp90 heat shock protein genes: expression during heat shock, embryogenesis, and pollen development.	we have isolated two genes from zea mays encoding proteins of 82 and 81 kd that are highly homologous to the drosophila 83-kd heat shock protein gene and have analyzed the structure and pattern of expression of these two genes during heat shock and development. southern blot analysis and hybrid select translations indicate that the highly homologous hsp82 and hsp81 genes are members of a small multigene family composed of at least two and perhaps three or more gene family members. the deduced am ...	1993	7683257
recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 4, 5, and 6: biological and physiochemical characterization.	we have recently cloned cdnas encoding human insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (igfbp)-4, -5 and -6 and have now expressed these bps in yeast as ubiquitin (ub)-igfbp fusion proteins. western ligand blotting with 125i-igf ii under nonreducing conditions of recombinant human (rh) igfbp-containing yeast lysates revealed specific binding bands for igfbp-4, -5, and -6 at apparent molecular masses of 24-26, 30-32, and 24-26 kda, respectively, indicating expression and processing of the fusio ...	1993	7683532
primary structure of human deoxycytidylate deaminase and overexpression of its functional protein in escherichia coli.	the cdna encoding human dcmp deaminase was isolated from a lambda zapii expression library using an antibody generated against highly purified hela cell dcmp deaminase. the cloned cdna consists of 1856 base pairs and encodes a protein of 178 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 19,985 daltons. the sequence of several cyanogen bromide-cleaved peptides derived from hela cell dcmp deaminase are all contained within the deduced amino acid sequence. a zinc binding region is present in the ...	1993	7685356
the human nme2 gene lies within 18kb of nme1 in chromosome 17.	the nme1 gene, localized to human chromosome 17 at q22, shows reduced expression in tumors of high metastatic potential. a homologous gene, nme2, with similar reduced expression in breast carcinoma, has recently been reported. we have isolated and characterized five yeast artificial chromosome (yac) clones and three cosmid clones that contain both genes, demonstrating that the nme2 gene is also located on chromosome 17 and is separated by not more than 18 kb from the nme1 gene. the two putative ...	1993	7685630
in situ hybridisation analysis of a homogeneously staining region at 11q23-24 in an acute myeloid leukaemia (m5) using yeast artificial chromosomes.	an example of a homogeneously staining region (hsr), occurring in an acute myeloid leukaemia (m5) on chromosome 11 in the region of bands q23-q24, has been analysed. in situ hybridisation using yeast artificial chromosome (yac) dna demonstrated that the amplification did not include the cd3 gene cluster and did not affect the human trithorax gene known to be disrupted by translocations at 11q23. in contrast, the amplification was shown to include the sequence d11s543 which has been previously ma ...	1993	7687863
expression and localization of two low molecular weight gtp-binding proteins, rab8 and rab10, by epitope tag.	small gtp-binding proteins of the ypt/sec4/rab family have been shown to play an essential role in intracellular membrane trafficking. in mammals, rab8 and rab10 are the two small gtp-binding proteins identified so far that are closest to sec4, an essential gene product involved in post-golgi constitutive secretion in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. to study the localization of rab proteins, we have expressed the cdnas with an influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) epitope tag at the n terminus. ...	1993	7688123
acute mixed-lineage leukemia t(4;11)(q21;q23) generates an mll-af4 fusion product.	a chromosomal translocation, t(4;11)-(q21;q23), is associated with an aggressive mixed-lineage leukemia. a yeast artificial chromosome was used to clone the chromosomal breakpoint of this translocation in the rs4;11 cell line. the breakpoint sequences revealed an inverted repeat bordered by a consensus site for topoisomerase ii binding and cleavage as well as chi-like elements. the der(11) chromosome encodes a fusion rna and predicted chimeric protein between the 11q23 gene mll and a 4q21 gene d ...	1993	7689231
p59 (fk506 binding protein 59) interaction with heat shock proteins is highly conserved and may involve proteins other than steroid receptors.	p59 [also known as fk506 binding protein 59 (fkbp59) or heat shock protein 56 (hsp56)] and heat shock proteins 90 and 70 (hsp90 and hsp70) associate with steroid receptors and are believed to maintain the receptors in an inactive state. recently, we showed that p59 purified from human lymphocytes is an immunophilin (fkbp59) which binds both fk506 and rapamycin. it was also demonstrated that immunosuppressant-fkbp59 complexes associate with hsp90, hsp70, and the glucocorticoid receptor [tai, p.-k ...	1993	7689858
generation of a human chromosome 18-specific yac clone collection and mapping of 55 unique yacs by fish and fingerprinting.	a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) library was constructed from a somatic cell hybrid line in which the human chromosome content had been reduced by repeated subcloning to one or two copies of chromosome 18. screening of 4700 primary yeast transformants generated 74 clones containing a yac with a human dna insert averaging 190 kb in size. the human yacs were localized to subregions of chromosome 18 by in situ hybridization of biotin-labeled alu-pcr products obtained using total yeast dna as a t ...	1993	7691716
the mutagenicity of gramoxone (paraquat) on different eukaryotic systems.	the possible mutagenicity of the herbicide gramoxone was evaluated using five different living systems: allium cepa, vicia faba, yeast, drosophila melanogaster and human lymphocytes. the results indicate that gramoxone has mutagenic activity at the cytological level in allium cepa, vicia faba and human lymphocytes. all doses were effective in inducing chromosomal abnormalities and a clear dose-response relationship was observed in the various cytological tests. analysis of chromosomal abnormalit ...	1993	7692291
dbp45a encodes a drosophila dead box protein with similarity to a putative yeast helicase involved in ribosome assembly.	proteins of the dead family of putative atp-dependent rna helicases have been implicated in translation initiation, ribosome assembly, and rna processing in a variety of organisms from escherichia coli to man. among these proteins are eif-4a, an essential component of the cap-binding complex, numerous yeast proteins required for pre-mrna splicing, and proteins from yeast and e. coli necessary for ribosome assembly. we report the isolation of a new dead gene from drosophila, dbp45a, which is most ...	1993	7692973
cyclosporin a, fk506 and rapamycin: more than just immunosuppression.	the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin a (csa), fk506 and rapamycin are strikingly conserved from yeast to human t cells. recent results obtained with yeast corroborate calcineurin as the target of csa-cyclophilin and fk506-fkbp complexes, and reveal a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase homologue as the target of the rapamycin-fkbp complex.	1993	7694398
mammalian tryptophanyl-trna synthetases.	aminoacyl-trna synthetases of higher organisms are far less studied compared to their prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotic counterparts. however, many aminoacyl-trna synthetases from multi-cellular organisms exhibit certain features not yet described for the same enzymes of bacteria or yeast. tryptophanyl-trna synthetases (trprs) are among the most thoroughly studied mammalian enzymes of this group. trprs are zn(2+)-dependent, dimeric, class i aminoacyl-trna synthetases with known amino acid s ...	1993	7515282
safe biotechnology (5). recommendations for safe work with animal and human cell cultures concerning potential human pathogens.	the benefits of using animal or human cell cultures have been clearly demonstrated in diagnostic and therapeutic research and in their application for manufacturing. cell cultures serve as a tools for the production of vaccines, receptors, enzymes, monoclonal antibodies and recombinant dna-derived proteins. they represent an integral part of drug development for which corresponding facilities, equipment and manufacturing processes are required. although the cells themselves offer no particular r ...	1993	7763726
baculovirus systems for the expression of human gene products.	significant advances in basic and applied biology have resulted from the use of baculovirus vectors for the expression of heterologous proteins in cultured insect cells and in insect larvae. the development of improved vectors has greatly facilitated the construction of recombinant baculoviruses, both by increasing the efficiency of identifying recombinant viruses and by reducing or eliminating the tedious steps used to purify the desired recombinant virus from its non-recombinant parent virus.	1993	7764207
secretion of heterologous proteins by aspergillus niger: production of active human interleukin-6 in a protease-deficient mutant by kex2-like processing of a glucoamylase-hil6 fusion protein.	to develop improved methods for heterologous protein production in aspergillus niger, we studied the secretion of human interleukin-6 (hil6). since in vitro experiments with culture medium revealed that hil6 was rapidly degraded, several protease-deficient strains of a. niger were isolated and tested for reduced degradation of hil6 compared with the wild-type strain. the mutant strain giving the least degradative effect on hil6 (designated ab1.13) was transformed with several hil6-expression pla ...	1993	7764298
criterion for the completeness of large-scale physical maps of dna.		1993	7956047
messenger rna 3'-end formation of a dna fragment from the human c-myc 3'-end region in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have tested the functioning of the human c-myc polyadenylation signal in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a dna fragment containing the two aataaa polyadenylation signals of the c-myc gene was inserted into a plasmid designed for the in-vivo testing of polyadenylation signals in yeast. the c-myc fragment had a partial capacity for directing mrna 3'-end formation in yeast. the 3'-endpoints were 50-100 bp distant from the mrna 3'-ends mapped in humans. this human dna fragment is therefore unspecifical ...	1993	7916669
developmental and hormonal regulation of the xenopus liver-type arginase gene.	liver-type l-arginase is a major urea-cycle enzyme which is strongly induced during amphibian metamorphosis, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction. as a first step towards elucidating the possible mechanisms, we have isolated a cdna clone for l-arginase from an adult xenopus laevis liver cdna library. sequence comparison of xenopus liver-type l-arginase cdna shows a strong conservation at the amino acid level with those of human, rat and yeast. using a xeno ...	1993	7916684
conceivable difference in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of lipocortins 1 and 5.	human recombinant lipocortins (lct) 1 and 5 have been expressed in a yeast secretion vector and purified by ion exchange chromatography. the action of the proteins has been investigated in two models of experimental acute inflammation in the rat: carrageenin induced paw oedema and zymosan induced pleurisy. the effects of the proteins on pge(2) release in vitro by rat macrophages stimulated with zymosan and on rat neutrophil chemotaxis induced by fmlp have also been assessed. lct-1 significantly ...	1993	18475511
melatonin modulation of estrogen-receptor expression in mcf-7 human breast-cancer cells.	mcf-7 human breast cancer cells, which are estrogen receptor (er)-positive and responsive to the mitogenic actions of estrogen, were used to examine the possible association between the growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin and its ability to modulate the estrogen-response pathway. melatonin at physiologic concentrations (10(-8)-10(-11) m) significantly decreased estrogen binding activity and the expression of immunoreactive er in a dose-specific and time-dependent manner. however, melatonin d ...	1993	21573419
cloning and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana topoisomerase i gene.	cdna and genomic clones encoding dna topoisomerase i were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana lambdagt11 and lambdafix libraries by low stringency hybridization with a saccharomyces cerevisiae top1 probe. the cdna clones include a 2748-base pair open reading frame predicting an amino acid sequence that is highly homologous to sequences encoded by top1 from yeast and human sources. the sequence of the upstream genomic region reveals two putative tata-like elements and a purine-rich region, but no ...	1992	16669064
development of a langerhans cell phenotype from peripheral blood monocytes.	epidermal langerhans cells (elc) are definitively primed to differentiate into dendritic cells (dc). it is unknown at what stage of monocyte development this priming occurs. in a culture system characterized by low paracrine stimulation, i.e. iscove's modified dulbecco medium (imdm) with 2% fcs, we tested the ability of peripheral blood monocytes to turn to the route of the lc-dc lineage. in this system monocytes did not develop significant yeast cell phagocytosis, although mannose receptors wer ...	1992	1371267
the effects of dntp pool imbalances on frameshift fidelity during dna replication.	the use of unequal concentrations of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dntps) in dna polymerization reactions alters base substitution error rates in a predictable way. less is known about the effects of substrate imbalances on base addition and deletion error rates. thus, we examined pool bias effects on frameshift fidelity during dna synthesis catalyzed by replicative dna polymerases. imbalanced pools altered the frameshift fidelity of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse tran ...	1992	1371272
structure and expression of the gene for pv200, a major blood-stage surface antigen of plasmodium vivax.	molecular cloning and structure analysis of the gene encoding the pv200 protein of the sal-1 strain of plasmodium vivax revealed an overall identity of 34-37% when the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the sequences of various major merozoite surface antigens of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium yoelii and plasmodium chabaudi. when the sal-1 pv200 sequence was compared with the corresponding sequence from the belèm strain of p. vivax, it was found that the two merozoite surface antig ...	1992	1371329
antibodies against the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator.	rabbit polyclonal antibodies have been raised against high-performance liquid chromatography purified synthetic peptides corresponding to two discrete regions of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (cftr) protein: the r-domain (residues 785-796) and the extreme cooh-terminus (residues 1467-1480). antibodies (ab) to each of these peptides were affinity purified either by passage over a peptide-derivatized agarose matrix (ab 785) to produce monospecific polyclonal antibodies or by protein ...	1992	1371641
antipeptide antibodies to the carboxy terminal and the dccd binding region of the human mitochondrial atp synthase beta-subunit.	antibodies to defined epitopes on the human atp synthase would provide a powerful tool in the definition of the subunit composition of the enzyme complex and in the characterization of any defect in its assembly in diseases associated with mitochondrial disorders. antibodies have been thus raised against synthetic peptides, corresponding to two regions on the human atp synthase beta-subunit: the c-terminal region, and a region which includes the two dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd)-reactive gluta ...	1992	1371933
identification of a heparin-binding growth factor-1 nuclear translocation sequence by deletion mutation analysis.	we have shown previously that a deletion mutant of human heparin-binding growth factor (hbgf)-1, hbgf-1u, lacking the sequence asn-tyr-lys-lys-pro-lys-leu is capable of initiating c-fos mrna expression and polypeptide phosphorylation on tyrosine residues at concentrations that do not induce either dna synthesis or cell proliferation (1). the fact that addition of the nuclear translocation signal from the yeast histone 2b protein to the hbgf-1u mutant caused reconstitution of the biological activ ...	1992	1372009
cdk2 encodes a 33-kda cyclin a-associated protein kinase and is expressed before cdc2 in the cell cycle.	critical cell cycle transitions are controlled by the coordinate actions of the p34cdc2 protein kinase and its regulatory subunits, cyclins. recently we identified another human p34 homolog, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) by complementation of a cdc28-4 mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae using a lambda yes human cdna expression library. cdk2 is 66% identical to cdc2hs and 89% identical to the xenopus eg1 gene, forming a distinct subfamily of cdc2-related protein kinases. we have found that c ...	1992	1372993
contribution of the p51 subunit of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase to enzyme processivity.	human immunodeficiency virus type i reverse transcriptase is active as either the homodimer (p66/p66) or the heterodimer (p66/p51). purified recombinant p66 and p51 expressed in yeast were reconstituted in the presence of 60 mm sodium pyrophosphate to enhance dimer formation. comparison of the processivity of these two active reconstituted forms shows that the heterodimer is more processive than the homodimer with a cycle almost twice as long as judged by assays utilizing poly (u,g) as a challen ...	1992	1374247
transcription mapping of a 100 kb locus of plasmodium falciparum identifies an intergenic region in which transcription terminates and reinitiates.	we have mapped plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stage transcription units on chromosome 10 in the vicinity of the gene encoding the glycophorin binding protein (gbp130) using yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs). three erythrocytic stage transcription units are clustered in a 40 kb region. two of these genes are closely linked, separated by less than 2 kb. nuclear run-on data demonstrate that transcription of these two genes, though unidirectional, is monocistronic. within this intergenic regio ...	1992	1374714
role of specific determinants in mannan of candida albicans serotype a in adherence to human buccal epithelial cells.	candida albicans serotype a (c. albicans a) possesses a specific antigen, designated antigen 6, which resides in mannans on the cell surface. to determine the role of the mannan moiety of the c. albicans cell wall in adherence to buccal epithelial cells, we used antigen 6-deficient mutants which had been isolated by screening with an agglutinating monoclonal antibody against antigen 6 (mab-6). 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of the purified mannans from the mutants showed a loss ...	1992	1375200
new human gene encoding a positive modulator of hiv tat-mediated transactivation.	the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) protein tat is a potent activator of virus gene expression. tat functions through a sequence known as tar, located immediately downstream of the transcription start site in the long terminal repeat. several observations suggest that cellular factors cooperate with tat in the overall transactivating process. we have isolated a human complementary dna from the new gene mss1, which may encode such a cellular factor, by transcomplementation of a yeast sgv1- ...	1992	1377363
suppressing effects of glucan on micronuclei induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.	the effect of pretreatment with carboxymethylglucan (cmg) on the frequency of micronuclei induced by cyclophosphamide administration in mice was evaluated. two doses of cmg (50 mg/kg body weight) injected either intraperitoneally 24 h or intravenously 1 h prior to two cyclophosphamide administrations (80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the frequency of micronucleated pce in bone marrow. of two evaluated derivatives of carboxymethylglucan, the k3 derivative was most efficient. the results show tha ...	1992	1378546
wi-1, a novel 120-kilodalton surface protein on blastomyces dermatitidis yeast cells, is a target antigen of cell-mediated immunity in human blastomycosis.	a large body of experimental data has demonstrated the central role of t cells in acquired resistance to the dimorphic fungus blastomyces dermatitidis. we examined the human t-cell response to wi-1, a 120-kda b. dermatitidis yeast cell surface protein recently shown to be an immunodominant antigen of the b-cell response in infected humans. peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 blastomycosis patients studied proliferated in response to wi-1 (mean, 19,431 cpm) and to the standard, crude cell wall a ...	1992	1383148
seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis c virus in sexually transmitted disease risk groups.	to identify the importance of heterosexual activity as a possible route for the transmission of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), a screening of antibodies against hcv (anti-hcv) was performed in 200 sexually transmitted disease patients with different risks for incurring genital infections as well as in 100 registered prostitutes. out of all 300 persons tested, 14 cases of hcv infection were detected. anti-hcv was present in 3 of the prostitutes and in 11 of the std patients. evaluating known risk f ...	1992	1384151
the cell cycle regulator, human p50weel, is a tyrosine kinase and not a serine/tyrosine kinase.	the human weel protein, a homologue of the yeast weel protein, was expressed in e. coli and purified to homogeneity. the purified weel protein phosphorylated the tyrosine residue of cdc2 kinase in hela cell extracts in the presence of human cyclin b1. it also phosphorylated the tyrosine but not the threonine residue in the peptide of the amino-terminal of cdc2 kinase, although both these residues have been shown to be phosphorylated in higher eukaryotes in vivo. furthermore, serine and tyrosine ...	1992	1387308
overproduction of a human snrnp-associated sm-d autoantigen in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae.	to conduct functional and autoimmunity studies, we overproduced human sm-d1 (hsm-d1), a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 'core' protein and autoantigen, in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. optimal expression in these organisms was achieved by designing vectors that synthesized abundant hsm-d1 mrna under the control of the strong, regulatable promoters: t7 phi 10 (e. coli) and gal1 (yeast). in addition, efficient translation initiation of the hsm-d1 coding sequence was effected in e. ...	1992	1387379
mitochondrial activity and heat-shock response during morphogenesis in the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum.	changes in temperature and a variety of other stimuli coordinately induce transcription of a specific set of heat-shock genes in all organisms. in the human fungal pathogen histoplasma capsulatum, a temperature shift from 25 to 37 degrees c acts not only as a signal that causes transcription of heat-shock genes, but also triggers a morphological mycelium- to yeast-phase transition. the temperature-induced morphological transition may be viewed as a heat-shock response followed by cellular adapta ...	1992	1387537
affinity purification of proteins using expanded beds.	the use of expanded beds of affinity adsorbents for the purification of proteins from feedstocks containing whole or broken cells is described. it is demonstrated that such feedstocks can be applied to the bed without prior removal of particulate material by centrifugation or filtration thus showing considerable potential for this approach in simplifying downstream processing flow-sheets. a stable, expanded bed can be obtained using simple equipment adapted from that used for conventional packed ...	1992	1387651
structural modeling of the human erythrocyte bisphosphoglycerate mutase.	using the crystallographic structure of yeast monophosphoglycerate mutase (mpgm) as a framework we constructed a three-dimensional model of the homologous human erythrocyte bisphosphoglycerate mutase (bpgm). the modeling procedure consisted of substituting 117 amino acid residues and positioning 19 c-terminal residues (unresolved in the x-ray structure) by empirical methods, followed by energy minimization. among several differences in the active site region the most significant appears to be th ...	1992	1387804
isolation of a yeast gene encoding a protein homologous to the human tat-binding protein tbp-1.	we have cloned a putative yeast homolog of the gene encoding the human tat-binding protein, tbp-1. the gene termed tbpy encodes a 45,243-dalton protein displaying a heptad repeat of hydrophobic amino acids reminiscent of a leucine zipper. secondary structure predictions suggest the possibility of formation of an amphipathic helix that could further be organized into a coiled-coil. additionally, the protein product of tbpy shows amino acid signatures characteristic of a large family of rna and dn ...	1992	1388730
subcellular localization of recombinant truncated gag precursor proteins of hiv expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	to determine signals contained in the hiv-1 gag precursor implicated in protein transport.	1992	1388874
chromosome 11q23 translocations in both infant and adult acute leukemias are detected by in situ hybridization with a yeast artificial chromosome.	the yeast artificial chromosome (yac-13hh4), which spans a 440-kb region of dna just distal to the cd3 locus on chromosome 11 at band q23, has been used to characterize a range of chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias from both adults and infants. in situ hybridization was performed on metaphase cells from bone marrow of 17 leukemias and two cell lines with a variety of chromosome 11q23 abnormalities. it was established that in infant leukemias the translocations t(11;19), t(4;11), and t ...	1992	1391936
identification of breakpoints in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia and isolation of a fusion transcript, aml1/eto, with similarity to drosophila segmentation gene, runt.	we have developed a restriction map of the chromosome 21 breakpoint region involved in t(8;21)(q22;q22.3) acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) and have isolated a genomic junction clone containing chromosome 8 and 21 material. using probes from these regions, rearrangements have been identified in each of nine cases of t(8;21) aml examined. in addition, we have isolated cdna clones from a t(8;21) aml cdna library that contain fused sequences from chromosome 8 and 21. the chromosome 8 component, refe ...	1992	1391946
structure of the d-mannan of the pathogenic yeast, candida stellatoidea atcc 20408 (type ii) strain, in comparison with that of c. stellatoidea atcc 36232 (type i) strain.	acid treatment of the cell-wall d-mannas of candida stellatoidea strains atcc 36232 (type i, a3 strain) and atcc 20408 (type ii, a2 strain) gave (1----2)-linked beta-d-manno-oligosaccharides (dp 2-5), whereas treatment with alkali gave the (1----2)-linked alpha-d-mannobiose. conventional acetolysis of the acid- and alkali-treated d-mannan of the a3 strain gave oligosaccharides consisting of (1----2)- and (1----3)-linked alpha-d-mannopyranose residues, similar to those of candida albicans serotyp ...	1992	1394307
human liver glutamic gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase: structural relationship to the yeast enzyme.	the amino acid sequences of nine tryptic peptides (containing altogether 105 amino acids) from human liver glutamic gamma-semialdehyde of dehydrogenase (hitherto designated as aldh4) were found to correspond, at 33-66% identity, to segments from the yeast 1-proline-5-carboxylate (p5c) dehydrogenase encoded by the put2 gene.	1992	1395511
heavy metal tolerance in the fission yeast requires an atp-binding cassette-type vacuolar membrane transporter.	in response to heavy metal stress, plants and certain fungi, such as the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe, synthesize small metal-binding peptides known as phytochelatins. we have identified a cadmium sensitive s. pombe mutant deficient in the accumulation of a sulfide-containing phytochelatin-cadmium complex, and have isolated the gene, designated hmt1, that complements this mutant. the deduced protein sequence of the hmt1 gene product shares sequence identity with the family of abc (atp ...	1992	1396551
crystal structure of human platelet-derived growth factor bb.	the crystal structure of the homodimeric bb isoform of human recombinant platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf-bb) has been determined by x-ray analysis to 3.0 a resolution. the polypeptide chain is folded into two highly twisted antiparallel pairs of beta-strands and contains an unusual knotted arrangement of three intramolecular disulfide bonds. dimerization leads to the clustering of three surface loops at each end of the elongated dimer, which most probably form the receptor recognition sites ...	1992	1396586
myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting and release of the htlv-i gag precursor, pr53gag, in yeast.	the unprocessed htlv-i gag precursor, pr53gag, was synthesized in yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. the synthesized pr53gag was myristoylated, associated with the cellular membrane, and released into the culture medium. the released pr53gag was pelleted by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 2 h. conversion of gly2 to ala allowed synthesis of a non-myristoylated soluble pr53gag which was not released into the culture medium. these results suggest that the release of the htlv-i gag precursors pr53ga ...	1992	1398108
retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency in mice exacerbates gastrointestinal candidiasis.	dysfunction of neutrophils in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus is at least partly responsible for secondary microbial diseases in these individuals, including invasive gastrointestinal (gi) candidiasis. immunoregulatory disturbances associated with the development of aids in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients exacerbates candida albicans infection of the upper gi tract and frequently leads to oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. in this article, we present the ...	1992	1398927
the role of the cathepsin d propeptide in sorting to the lysosome.	the propeptides of lysosomal enzymes have been implicated in membrane association and mannose 6-phosphate-independent sorting to the lysosome (rijnboutt, s., aerts, h., geuze, h. j., tager, j. m., and strous, g. j. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 4862-4868; mcintyre, g. f., and erickson, a. h. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 15438-15445). in this report, the function of the propeptide of procathepsin d in sorting to the lysosome was directly assessed using a cathepsin d deletion mutant lacking the propept ...	1992	1400484
amino acid sequence of yeast hemoglobin. a two-domain structure.	the complete amino acid sequence of a hemoglobin from yeast (candida norvegensis) has been determined by peptide and cdna sequence analyses. the protein is composed of 387 amino acid residues and its amino terminus was blocked by an acetyl group. a computer search showed that the sequence of 155 n-terminal residues has 39% homology with that of vitreoscilla hemoglobin. on the other hand, the sequence of 230 c-terminal residues showed a small, but notable, degree of similarity with that of a meth ...	1992	1404399
transcriptional activation by the human c-myc oncoprotein in yeast requires interaction with max.	the c-myc protein (myc) contains an amino-terminal transcriptional activation domain and a carboxy-terminal basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bhlh-z) domain that directs dimerization of myc with its partner, the max protein (max), and promotes dna binding to sites containing a cacgtg core consensus sequence. despite these characteristics and the observation that myc can modulate gene expression, a direct role for myc or max as transcription factors has never been demonstrated. here we use s ...	1992	1406955
the selective isolation of novel cdnas encoded by the regions surrounding the human interleukin 4 and 5 genes.	we have developed modifications to direct cdna selection that allow the rapid and reproducible isolation of low abundance cdnas encoded by large genomic clones. biotinylated, cloned genomic dnas are hybridized in solution with amplifiable cdnas. the genomic clones and attached cdnas are captured on streptavidin coated magnetic beads, the cdnas are eluted and amplified. we have applied this protocol to a 425kb yac that contains the human il4 and il5 genes. after two cycles of enrichment twenty-fo ...	1992	1408833
yeast rnc1 encodes a chimeric protein, rhonuc, with a human rho motif and deoxyribonuclease activity.	the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae contains an endoexonuclease ynucr that has been implicated in both recombination and repair. we describe the isolation and characterization of the corresponding gene. within the predicted n-terminal half of the protein there is extensive homology (approximately 50%) with human rho genes, which are related to the ras oncogene, particularly in the proposed gtp-binding region. the c-terminal region, which is related to the escherichia coli recc protein, presumably ...	1992	1408836
protein prenylation: key to ras function and cancer intervention?		1992	1419908
human hepatitis b vaccine from recombinant yeast. 1984.		1992	1422061
secretion of peptides and proteins lacking hydrophobic signal sequences: the role of adenosine triphosphate-driven membrane translocators.	in this review, we will emphasize the role of atp-dependent membrane transporters in protein export and intracellular protein trafficking in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. atp-binding-cassette (abc)-transport proteins, also termed "traffic atpases," belong to a superfamily of ubiquitous atp-driven membrane transporters that share extensive sequence similarity and highly conserved domain organization. they are implicated in a remarkable variety of transmembrane transport processes, including t ...	1992	1425485
the lethal prune/killer-of-prune interaction of drosophila causes a syndrome resembling human neurofibromatosis (nf1).	the eye color mutant prune (pn) of drosophila melanogaster shows a lethal interaction with the killer-of-prune (k-pn) allele of the abnormal wing disc (awd) locus. the awd gene is the drosophila homologue of the mammalian tumor metastasis gene nm23, and it has been postulated that pn encodes a protein with similarity to a gap, a gtpase-activating protein. such gaps potentially control ras-like proteins, which are important molecular switches. however, there is only a low sequence homology with t ...	1992	1425777
lipopolysaccharide (lps) inhalation in healthy subjects increases neutrophils, lymphocytes and fibronectin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	bacterial endotoxin has been suggested as responsible for the development of subjective symptoms and transient or chronic lung function impairment seen after exposure to organic dusts in cotton mills, poultry houses, swine confinement buildings and saw mills. animal experiments have demonstrated bronchoalveolar neutrophilia being the most prominent cell response in animals following bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) inhalation. the present study was conducted to obtain information on some aspec ...	1992	1426208
characterization of yeast artificial chromosomes from plasmodium falciparum: construction of a stable, representative library and cloning of telomeric dna fragments.	molecular genetic studies of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been hampered in part due to difficulties in stably cloning and propagating parasite genomic dna in bacteria. this is thought to be a result of the unusual a+t bias (>80%) in the parasite's dna. pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of p. falciparum chromosomes has shown that large chromosomal polymorphisms, resulting from the deletion of dna from chromosome ends, frequently occur. understanding the biologic ...	1992	1427849
detection of human urinary alpha-amylase encoded by the amy2b gene using a fluorogenic substrate, fg5p.	the existence of alpha-amylase (hxa) encoded by alpha-amylase gene amy2b in healthy humans was examined using a fluorogenic substrate, fg5p (fg-g-g-g-g-p: fg, 6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-d-glucose residue; g, glucose residue; p, p-nitrophenyl residue; -, alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond). chromatofocusing of urine from a healthy human was carried out. fg5p was digested with the fractions exhibiting alpha-amylase activity and each digest at an early stage was analyzed by hplc. fg5p was hydrolyzed to fg ...	1992	1429515
studies of the catalytic activities and substrate specificities of saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-coenzyme a: protein n-myristoyltransferase deletion mutants and human/yeast nmt chimeras in escherichia coli and s. cerevisiae.	saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-coa:protein n-myristoyltransferase (nmt1p) is an essential, 455-residue, monomeric enzyme. amino- and carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of nmt1p were genetically engineered to determine the minimal domain necessary to maintain catalytic activity. enzyme activity was assessed by (i) sequentially inducing nmt1p or its mutant derivatives and one of two eukaryotic substrates for the wild type enzyme (s. cerevisiae gpa1p and rat go alpha) in escherichia coli, a bac ...	1992	1429724
yeast-specific dna probes and their application for the detection of candida albicans.	two dna fragments cloned from the genome of candida albicans atcc 10261 may be useful in the rapid diagnosis of disseminated candidosis. one sequence (probe eob1) was specific for c. albicans (positive hybridisation with 45 strains tested). the second sequence (probe eob2) detected c. albicans, as well as five other pathogenic candida spp. and saccharomyces cerevisiae, but did not react with human or bacterial dna. both probes were repetitive sequences in the genome of c. albicans. probe eob1 wa ...	1992	1433257
expression and characterization of the trans-activating protein tax of human t-cell leukemia virus type i in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the trans-activator protein tax of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) stimulates transcription of the viral genome from the long terminal repeat. with a reporter his4tata::lacz fusion gene, the transcriptional activity of the tax-responsive element in the long terminal repeat was tested in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we found that fragments containing the 21-bp repeat of the htlv-i enhancer stimulate synthesis of beta-galactosidase activity 15- to 20-fold. to test the ability of the tax p ...	1992	1433517
molecular characterisation of a dna ligase gene of the extremely thermophilic archaeon desulfurolobus ambivalens shows close phylogenetic relationship to eukaryotic ligases.	a 3382 bp fragment containing a gene for a dna ligase from the extremely thermophilic, acidophilic, and facultatively anaerobic archaeon (archaebacterium) desulfurolobus ambivalens was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence (600 amino acids, 67619 molecular weight) showed 30-34% sequence identity with the atp-dependent eucaryal (eukaryotic) dna ligases of schizosaccharomyces pombe, saccharomyces cerevisiae, the human dna ligase i, and with the vaccinia dna ligase. distant similari ...	1992	1437556
genome analysis and the human x chromosome.	a unified genetic, physical, and functional map of the human x chromosome is being built through a concerted, international effort. about 40 percent of the 160 million base pairs of the x chromosome dna have been cloned in overlapping, ordered contigs derived from yeast artificial chromosomes. this rapid progress toward a physical map is accelerating the identification of inherited disease genes, 26 of which are already cloned and more than 50 others regionally localized by linkage analysis. thi ...	1992	1439756
saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a homolog of human fkbp-13, a membrane-associated fk506/rapamycin binding protein.		1992	1441758
six-base deletion occurring in messages of human cytochrome p-450 in the cyp2c subfamily results in reduction of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity.	we isolated and expressed a clone, hpa6, possibly corresponding to the cyp2c9 cdna. compared with the other cyp2c9 cdna clones, hpa6 showed a 6-nucleotide deletion near its middle. from the same cdna library, we could also isolate another cdna clone, named hpa22, which retained the 6 bases. for clarification of the effect of the 2-amino acid deletion resulting from the 6-base deletion on enzymatic activities, both clones were expressed in yeast. the expressed enzymes showed tolbutamide hydroxyla ...	1992	1445376
a mouse cdc25-like product enhances the formation of the active gtp complex of human ras p21 and saccharomyces cerevisiae ras2 proteins.	gdp-dissociation stimulators (gdss) are the key element for the regeneration of the active state of ras proteins, but despite intensive investigations, little is so far known about their functional and structural properties, particularly in mammals. a growing number of genes from various organisms have been postulated to encode gdss on the basis of sequence similarity with the saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc25 gene, whose product acts as a gds of ras proteins. however, except for cdc25 and the rela ...	1992	1447167
the egd1 product, a yeast homolog of human btf3, may be involved in gal4 dna binding.	a variety of techniques, including filter binding, footprinting, and gel retardation, can be used to assay the transcriptional activator gal4 (gal4p) through the initial steps of its purification from yeast cells. following dna affinity chromatography, gal4p still bound dna selectively when assayed by filter binding or footprinting. however, the affinity-purified protein was no longer capable of forming a stable complex with dna, as assayed by gel retardation. mixing the purified gal4p with the ...	1992	1448098
mutation analysis of the cys-x2-cys-x19-cys-x2-cys motif in the beta subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2.	recessive lethal mutations in the beta subunit of eif-2 that restore his4 expression in the absence of an aug start codon were isolated from diploid saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. dna sequence analysis of these alleles and of eif-2 beta suppressor alleles isolated from haploid strains, identified point mutations that altered one of six amino acids that map to a cys-x2-cys-x19-cys-x2-cys "zinc finger" motif and immediately adjacent residues. five of the affected amino acids are identical in th ...	1992	1450666
a homolog of the proteasome-related ring10 gene is essential for yeast cell growth.	proteasomes are intracellular protein complexes displaying multiproteolytic activities. these complexes have been implicated in the antigen degradation process that generates peptides associated with the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class-i molecule. ring10 and ring12 are genes encoded by the class-ii region of the human mhc that have sequence homology to proteasome-encoding genes. we have identified a yeast gene, called prg1, that encodes a protein predicted to contain 55.6% sequence ...	1992	1452031
transcription and replication of animal mitochondrial dnas.	the development of in vitro transcription and replication systems has allowed the identification of promoter sequences and origins of replication for several animal mtdnas. as a consequence, the necessary reagents and basic information are available to permit the characterization of transacting factors that are required for transcription and replication. all of the animal trans-acting species purified at this time are known or reasoned to be nuclear gene products. there is now the opportunity to ...	1992	1452432
structure of the pericentric long arm region of the human y chromosome.	we have analysed the sequence organization of the dna in the pericentric region of the long arm of the human y chromosome. the structures of one cosmid and three yeast artificial chromosome clones were determined. the region consists of a mosaic of the known 5, 48 and 68 base-pair tandemly repeated sequences and at least five novel repeated sequence families. a long range-map of approximately 3.5 x 10(6) base-pairs of genomic dna was constructed that placed the clones between about 500 x 10(3) a ...	1992	1453453
red blood cells as an antigen-delivery system.	the use of adjuvants is usually required to induce strong immunological responses to protein antigens. however, in many cases these adjuvants cannot be extensively applied in human and veterinary vaccinations because of associated inflammatory reactions or granuloma formation. we show here that protein antigens (bovine serum albumin, hog liver uricase, and yeast hexokinase), coupled to autologous red blood cells by way of a biotin-avidin-biotin bridge, elicit an immunological response in mice si ...	1992	1457052
isolation and characterization of two saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding homologs of the bacterial hexa and muts mismatch repair proteins.	homologs of the escherichia coli (mutl, s and uvrd) and streptococcus pneumoniae (hexa, b) genes involved in mismatch repair are known in several distantly related organisms. degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on conserved regions of e. coli muts protein and its homologs from salmonella typhimurium, s. pneumoniae and human were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify and clone muts/hexa homologs from saccharomyces cerevisiae. two dna sequences were amplified whose deduced am ...	1992	1459447
wild-type p53 binds to the tata-binding protein and represses transcription.	p53 activates transcription of genes with a p53 response element, and it can repress genes lacking the element. here we demonstrate that wild-type but not mutant p53 inhibits transcription in a hela nuclear extract from minimal promoters. wild-type but not mutant p53 binds to human tata-binding protein (tbp). p53 does not bind to yeast tbp, and it cannot inhibit transcription in a hela extract where yeast tbp substitutes for human tbp. these results suggest a model in which p53 binds to tbp and ...	1992	1465435
glutathione reductases from a variety of sources are inhibited by physiological levels of glutathione.	1. glutathione reductase from human platelets, bovine intestinal mucosa, yeast and e. coli were inhibited in vitro by physiological levels of reduced glutathione with ic50s of 6.61 mm, 2.92 mm, 2.40 mm and 12.11 mm, respectively. 2. a steady-state kinetic examination revealed that glutathione inhibited the nadph oxidation (at constant [glutathione-disulphide]) catalysed by the eucaryotic enzymes uncompetitively, whereas the e. coli enzyme appeared unaffected by glutathione concentrations of up t ...	1992	1478068
the tata-binding protein participates in tfiiib assembly on trna genes.	the tata-binding protein tbp has been recently recognized as a general class iii transcription factor. using the gel shift assay to monitor initiation complex assembly on a yeast trna gene, we show that tbp is required for the tfiiic-dependent assembly of tfiiib. tfiiib depleted of tbp by a simple chromatographic step does not bind stably to the tfiiic-tdna complex. addition of yeast or human recombinant tbp allows the formation of a tfiiib-tbp-tfiiic-tdna complex. the presence of tbp in the com ...	1992	1480467
expression and secretion of wheat germ agglutinin by saccharomyces cerevisiae.	genes encoding pre-protein and prepro-protein of wheat germ agglutinin isolectin 2 (wga2) were chemically synthesized and expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the eno1 promoter. yeast harboring either a pre-wga2 or a prepro-wga2 gene expression plasmid secreted a mature form of wga2 into the culture medium. the amount of wga2 secreted by the strain ks58-2ddel, which has a ssl1 mutation causing a supersecretion of human lysozyme [suzuki, k., ichikawa, k. & jigami, ...	1992	1483481
effect of oral saccharomyces boulardii treatment on the activity of clostridium difficile toxins in mouse digestive tract.	human antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis are partly due to toxin production by clostridium difficile. it is now well documented that saccharomyces boulardii protects against c. difficile induced diseases. in an attempt to understand better the mechanism of this protective effect, the action of s. boulardii on a crude toxin preparation was studied in vitro and in vivo. the results showed that the yeast had no effect on the toxins in vitro but was able to protect mice ino ...	1992	1488767
in vitro activities of fleroxacin against clinical isolates of legionella spp., its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and use to treat guinea pigs with l. pneumophila pneumonia.	the activities of fleroxacin against 22 clinical legionella isolates were determined by agar and broth microdilution susceptibility testing. the fleroxacin mic required to inhibit 90% of strains tested on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate was 0.64 micrograms/ml and was 0.04 microgram/ml when testing was done with buffered yeast extract broth supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate. fleroxacin (0.25 microgram/ml) reduced the bacterial counts ...	1992	1489182
analysis of chromosome 21 copy number in uncultured amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a cosmid contig.	a comparison of the use of chromosome 21-specific libraries, dop-pcr 21 paints, yeast artificial chromosome (yac) clones, single cosmids, and a 21q cosmid contig as probes for the detection of the copy number of chromosome 21 in interphase cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization shows that the cosmid contig is a satisfactory probe for interphase analysis of chromosome 21. the contig ccmp21.a, which is 55 kb in length, is highly chromosome 21-specific and produces intense, compact signals in ...	1992	1494546
recombinant repair of diverged dnas: a study of homoeologous chromosomes and mammalian yacs in yeast.	recombinational repair is the means by which dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) are repaired in yeast. dna divergence between chromosomes was shown previously to inhibit repair in diploid g1 cells, resulting in chromosome loss at low nonlethal doses of ionizing radiation. furthermore, 15-20% divergence prevents meiotic recombination between individual pairs of saccharomyces cerevisiae and s. carlsbergensis chromosomes in an otherwise s. cerevisiae background. based on analysis of the efficiency of ...	1992	1495486
structural requirements for high affinity ligand binding by estrogen receptors: a comparative analysis of truncated and full length estrogen receptors expressed in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells.	in order to better understand the structural requirements for effective high affinity binding of estrogens and antiestrogens by the human estrogen receptor (er), a comparative study was undertaken in which we examined: 1) native er from the mcf-7 er-positive human breast cancer cell line; 2) full length er expressed in yeast; 3) the er hormone binding domain (amino acid residues 302-595) expressed in yeast; 4) a bacterially expressed protein a fusion product encoding a truncated er (amino acid r ...	1992	1495491
doct2, a drosophila oct transcription factor that functions in yeast.	oct factors are members of the pou family of transcription factors that are shown to play important roles during development in mammals. here we report the cdna cloning and expression of a drosophila oct transcription factor. whole mount in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the spatial expression patterns of this gene during embryonic development have not yet been observed for any other gene. in early embryogenesis, its transcripts are transiently expressed as a wide uniform band from ...	1992	1496003
human glucokinase gene: isolation, characterization, and identification of two missense mutations linked to early-onset non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus.	dna polymorphisms in the glucokinase gene have recently been shown to be tightly linked to early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in approximately 80% of french families with this form of diabetes. we previously identified a nonsense mutation in exon 7 in one of these families and showed that it was the likely cause of glucose intolerance in this dominantly inherited disorder. here we report the isolation and partial sequence of the human glucokinase gene and the identification of t ...	1992	1502186
carrier detection of deletions of the hunter gene by in situ hybridization.	deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-iduronate sulphate sulphatase (ids) causes the clinical manifestations of hunter syndrome, an x-linked condition. in about 30% of male patients, the disease is due to a major deletion. using a non-isotopic in situ hybridization (nish) method, and a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) probe, the hunter gene was mapped to the terminal region of the human x chromosome, close to the xq28 band. the nish procedure was then applied to investigate the carrier statu ...	1992	1503397
strategy for detecting cellular transcripts promoted by human endogenous long terminal repeats: identification of a novel gene (cdc4l) with homology to yeast cdc4.	several families of repetitive sequences related to integrated retroviruses have been identified in the human genome. the largest of these families, the rtvl-h family, has close to 1000 members in addition to a similar number of solitary long terminal repeats (ltrs) dispersed on all chromosomes. previous work has shown that the expression of genomic rtvl-h elements is driven by their ltrs and that some ltrs can promote expression of a reporter gene. these observations suggest that some endogenou ...	1992	1505956
ligand-dependent and -independent function of the transactivation regions of the human estrogen receptor in yeast.	the estrogen receptor (er) is a transcription factor involved in steroid hormone signal transduction in higher eukaryotes. the receptor also functions as a ligand-dependent transcriptional activator when introduced into saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast), which suggests that at least some of the components of the signal transduction pathway are conserved between yeast and mammalian cells, and, moreover, allows the possibility of using this simple eukaryotic organism to dissect receptor fun ...	1992	1508220
steroid 21-hydroxylase is a major autoantigen involved in adult onset autoimmune addison's disease.	an adrenal-specific protein reacting with autoantibodies in the sera of patients with adult onset addison's disease has been purified from human adrenal glands. the protein, mol.wt. 55k, has the biochemical characteristics of steroid 21-hydroxylase and reacts on western blots with rabbit antibodies to recombinant 21-hydroxylase. absorption of the native human 55k adrenal protein with human adrenal autoantibodies prevented the subsequent reaction of the 55k protein with rabbit antibodies to 21-hy ...	1992	1511745