Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [salmonella serotype mbandaka food-borne outbreak]. | 2006 | 17020690 | |
| comparison of subtyping methods for differentiating salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained from food animal sources. | molecular characterization (e.g., dna-based typing methods) of salmonella isolates is frequently employed to compare and distinguish clinical isolates recovered from animals and from patients with food-borne disease and nosocomial infections. in this study, we compared the abilities of different phenotyping and genotyping methods to distinguish isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from different food animal sources. one hundred twenty-eight s. enterica serovar typhimurium strains ... | 2006 | 17021084 |
| molecular basis of resistance displayed by highly ciprofloxacin-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi in bangladesh. | highly ciprofloxacin-resistant (mic, 512 microg/ml) strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi were isolated from the blood of typhoid patients in dhaka, bangladesh. the strains were indistinguishable by their antibiograms, biotypes, and variable-number tandem repeat types and had matching point mutations at positions 83 and 87 of the gyra gene. the isolation of these strains in an area of high endemicity indicates the need for continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance of s. enterica se ... | 2006 | 17021117 |
| general model, based on two mixed weibull distributions of bacterial resistance, for describing various shapes of inactivation curves. | cells of listeria monocytogenes or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium taken from six characteristic stages of growth were subjected to an acidic stress (ph 3.3). as expected, the bacterial resistance increased from the end of the exponential phase to the late stationary phase. moreover, the shapes of the survival curves gradually evolved as the physiological states of the cells changed. a new primary model, based on two mixed weibull distributions of cell resistance, is proposed to describe ... | 2006 | 17021197 |
| genetic and phenotypic variability among salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from california dairy cattle and humans. | fifty-six human and 24 adult dairy cattle isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from a single county in california were compared using ribotyping, insertion sequence typing (is200), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid typing, phage typing, and antimicrobial resistance testing. the majority of the isolates fell into one of two groups which were phage types dt104 and dt193. combining the information from all typing methods, a total of 45 different "clusters" were defined, with ... | 2006 | 17021214 |
| linkage of avian and reproductive tract tropism with sequence divergence adjacent to the 5s ribosomal subunit rrfh of salmonella enterica. | the 183 bp between the end of the 23s rrlh rrna gene and the start of the 5s rrfh rrna gene (isr-1) and the 197 bp between the end of the rrfh rrna gene and the start of the transfer rna aspu (isr-2) of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes enteritidis, typhimurium, pullorum, heidelberg, gallinarum, typhi and choleraesuis were compared. isr-1s of d1 serotypes (pullorum, gallinarum and enteritidis), b serotypes (typhimurium and heidelberg) and the c2 serotype newport and the enteric fever p ... | 2006 | 17005008 |
| introducing vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine to primary school children in north jakarta, indonesia, via an existent school-based vaccination platform. | to report results on coverage, safety and logistics of a large-scale, school-based vi polysaccharide immunization campaign in north jakarta. | 2006 | 17005220 |
| ling, a new integron-associated gene cassette encoding a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase. | 2006 | 17005845 | |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in dhaka, bangladesh. | 2006 | 17005846 | |
| the rcs phosphorelay system is specific to enteric pathogens/commensals and activates ydei, a gene important for persistent salmonella infection of mice. | bacteria utilize phosphorelay systems to respond to environmental or intracellular stimuli. salmonella enterica encodes a four-step phosphorelay system that involves two sensor kinase proteins, rcsc and rcsd, and a response regulator, rcsb. the physiological stimulus for rcs phosphorelay activation is unknown; however, rcs-regulated genes can be induced in vitro by osmotic shock, low temperature and antimicrobial peptide exposure. in this report we investigate the role of the rcs pathway using p ... | 2006 | 17010160 |
| rapid aerosol transmission of salmonella among turkeys in a simulated holding-shed environment. | once turkeys arrive at midwest processing plants, they are usually held in large open-sided sheds for 1 to 4 h, waiting to be unloaded. in hot, humid weather, large fans are used to cool the birds. the resultant air currents distribute a significant amount of dust to the turkeys. the dust created in this environment could be a factor in the number of salmonella-contaminated turkeys entering slaughter plants. the objective of this study was to determine if rapid transmission of salmonella in turk ... | 2006 | 17012158 |
| comparative genetics of the rdar morphotype in salmonella. | the salmonella rdar morphotype is a distinct, rough and dry colony morphology formed by the extracellular interaction of thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi or curli), cellulose, and other polysaccharides. cells in rdar colonies are more resistant to desiccation and exogenous stresses, which is hypothesized to aid in the passage of pathogenic salmonella spp. between hosts. here we analyzed the genetic and phenotypic conservation of the rdar morphotype throughout the entire salmonella genus. the rdar ... | 2006 | 17012381 |
| shedding of foodborne pathogens by caenorhabditis elegans in compost-amended and unamended soil. | a study was done to characterize the shedding of foodborne pathogenic bacteria by caenorhabditis elegans, evaluate the persistence of worm populations cocultured with foodborne pathogens, and determine if c. elegans disperses ingested pathogens in soil as a result of shedding. escherichia. coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serotype poona, and listeria monocytogenes, as well as e. coli op50, a non-pathogenic strain, were studied. synchronous populations of c. elegans were fed for 24 h on confluen ... | 2006 | 16942998 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas in the eggs and egg-storing trays from retail markets of coimbatore, south india. | a study was conducted to determine the incidence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and other salmonella serovars on eggshell, egg contents and on egg-storing trays. a total of 492 eggs and 82 egg-storing trays were examined over a period of 1 year from different retail outlets of a residential area of coimbatore city, south india. salmonella contamination was recorded in 38 of 492 (7.7%) eggs out of which 29 was in eggshell (5.9%) and 9 in egg contents (1.8%). around 7.5% of the egg-sto ... | 2006 | 16943017 |
| the adherence of salmonella enteritidis pt4 to stainless steel: the importance of the air-liquid interface and nutrient availability. | biofilm formation on stainless steel by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 during growth in three different nutritious conditions was studied. the ability of micro-organisms to generate biofilms on the stainless steel surfaces was studied for a total period of 18 days at 20 degrees c, under three different experimental treatments: (i) growth medium (tryptone soy broth) was not refreshed (no further nutrients were provided) during the incubation period, (ii) growth medium was renewed eve ... | 2006 | 16943077 |
| cross-reactive cellular and humoral immune responses to salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis are associated with protection to heterologous re-challenge. | chickens infected with salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium (st) and enteritidis (se) still represent a major source of human food poisoning via consumption of contaminated meat and eggs. vaccination represents a sustainable approach to control salmonella in the chicken and the serovar specificity of immunity has the potential to impact on the need for multivalent vaccines. the issue of cross-reactive immune responses and cross-serovar protection was examined in these experiments. cellular a ... | 2006 | 16935350 |
| detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in salmonella enterica strains of healthy food animals in spain. | to carry out the characterization of the genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and their genetic environments in four expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant salmonella enterica isolates (serovars: two virchow, one enteritidis, one rissen) recovered during the monitoring programmes performed in spain by the vav network from faecal samples of pigs, poultry and laying hens at the slaughterhouse level. | 2006 | 16935865 |
| the escherichia coli k-12 narl and narp proteins insulate the nrf promoter from the effects of integration host factor. | the escherichia coli k-12 nrf operon promoter can be activated fully by the fnr protein (regulator of fumarate and nitrate reduction) binding to a site centered at position -41.5. fnr-dependent transcription is suppressed by integration host factor (ihf) binding at position -54, and this suppression is counteracted by binding of the narl or narp response regulator at position -74.5. the e. coli acs gene is transcribed from a divergent promoter upstream from the nrf operon promoter. transcription ... | 2006 | 16936015 |
| some probiotic properties of vaginal lactobacilli isolated from healthy women. | lactobacilli have long been considered to be protective flora in the vagina. in this study, samples were taken from the lateral vaginal wall of 19 healthy women, and 58 strains of lactobacillus spp. were isolated from 10 of these women. the identification results revealed that lactobacillus gasseri was the predominant lactobacilli in healthy women. the amounts of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) produced by lactobacillus spp. were determined. the vaginal ph levels induced by lactobac ... | 2006 | 16936344 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serotype worthington isolated from childhood diarrhea cases in kolkata, india. | 2006 | 16936353 | |
| variable-number tandem repeats that are useful in genotyping isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. | the genome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was analyzed for direct repeats, and 54 sequences containing variable-number tandem repeat loci were identified. ten primer pairs that anneal upstream and downstream of each selected locus were designed and used to amplify pcr targets in isolates of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. four of the 10 loci did not show polymorphism in the length of products. six loci were selected for analysis. isolates of s ... | 2006 | 16943354 |
| multiplex pcr-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | a multiplex pcr method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in washington state and the united states in general. six genetic loci from s. enterica serovar typhimurium and four from s. enterica serovar typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex pcrs. the assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of s. enterica subsp. ... | 2006 | 16943358 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica in preweaned calves from dairies and calf ranches. | to evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica isolated from preweaned calves and identify management risk factors associated with fecal shedding of s enterica. | 2006 | 16948605 |
| humanized transgenic mice expressing hla dr4-dq3 haplotype: reconstitution of phenotype and hla-restricted t-cell responses. | many autoimmune conditions have close genetic linkages to particular human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii genes. with the aim of establishing a murine model of autoimmune disease, we have generated an hla dr4-dq3 haplotype transgenic (tg) mouse that expresses a 440-kb yeast artificial chromosome harbouring dra, drb1*040101, drb4*010301, dqa1*030101, dqb1*0302 and all the internal regulatory segments. this tg mouse line was crossed to human cd4 (hcd4) tg mice and endogenous c ... | 2006 | 16948641 |
| how to outwit the enemy: dendritic cells face salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes typhoid fever, a serious life-threatening systemic infection. in mice, a similar disease is caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. during typhoid fever, soon after attachment to the mucosal surface of the gut, bacteria come into contact with the dendritic cells (dcs). the ability to sample antigens, process and present them to naïve and mature t cells, in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules, makes dcs indispensable for mo ... | 2006 | 16948811 |
| single, double and triple mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium degp (htra), degq (hhoa) and degs (hhob) have diverse phenotypes on exposure to elevated temperature and their growth in vivo is attenuated to different extents. | degp (htra) is a well-studied protease involved in survival of bacteria under stress conditions in vitro and in vivo. there are two paralogues of degp in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome, degq and degs. in order to understand more about the biological significance of this gene family, a series of deg-deletion mutants was generated in s. typhimurium strain sl3261 by allelic replacement. at elevated temperature in vitro, the viability of degp and degs mutants was reduced when com ... | 2006 | 16949246 |
| ctx-m-37 in salmonella enterica serotype isangi from durban, south africa. | beta-lactamase-mediated resistance was investigated in 59 putative extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-positive salmonella spp. from the paediatric ward of a tertiary hospital in durban, south africa. three salmonella enterica serotype isangi cultured from stool samples were multidrug resistant, with susceptibility only to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoxitin. isoelectric focusing revealed beta-lactamases with isoelectric points of pi 5.8, 6.8 and 7.2. sequencing identified beta- ... | 2006 | 16949257 |
| molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella enterica serovar infantis from poultry in kagoshima, japan. | antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance genes of 135 strains of salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolated from poultry in kagoshima were examined. one strain (0.7%) was resistant to ampicillin (a), 97% to streptomycin (s), 95.6% to sulphamethoxazole (su), 96.3% to oxytetracycline (t), 11.1% to kanamycin (km) and 36.3% to ofloxacin (o). multiresistant phenotypes identified were assut-km, ssut-km, ssut-o and ssut. class 1 integrons were detected in 94.8% of isolates. approximately 89% of o ... | 2006 | 16949258 |
| catabolite repression of the sira regulatory cascade in salmonella enterica. | orthologs of the salmonella bara/sira two-component system are required for virulence, motility, secondary metabolism and stress survival throughout the gamma-proteobacteria. bara is a sensor kinase that responds to an unknown signal by phosphorylating the response regulator sira. sira increases the expression of genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) that encode a type iii secretion system (ttss-1). sira does this by directly activating the hila and hilc regulatory genes encoded ... | 2006 | 16949866 |
| role of n-acetylglucosamine within core lipopolysaccharide of several species of gram-negative bacteria in targeting the dc-sign (cd209). | our recent studies have shown that the dendritic cell-specific icam nonintegrin cd209 (dc-sign) specifically binds to the core lps of escherichia coli k12 (e. coli), promoting bacterial adherence and phagocytosis. in this current study, we attempted to map the sites within the core lps that are directly involved in lps-dc-sign interaction. we took advantage of four sets of well-defined core lps mutants, which are derived from e. coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 2006 | 16951363 |
| selective ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 exacerbates experimental colitis: contrasting role of gelatinases in the pathogenesis of colitis. | the matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), mmp-2 and mmp-9, share structural and substrate similarities and are up-regulated during human as well as animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. we recently demonstrated that epithelial-derived mmp-9 is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in colitis. in this study, we examined the role of mmp-2 in acute colitis. colitis was induced using two models, administration of dextran sodium sulfate (dss) and salmonella enterica subsp. serova ... | 2006 | 16951375 |
| characterization of stg fimbriae from an avian pathogenic escherichia coli o78:k80 strain and assessment of their contribution to colonization of the chicken respiratory tract. | in a previous study, ecs-3, a sequence from avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) o78:k80 strain chi7122, was found to be expressed in vivo in infected chicken tissues. the region encompassing ecs-3 carries a fimbrial gene cluster that is a putative ortholog of the stg fimbrial gene cluster of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. this apec fimbrial gene cluster, which we have termed stg, is a member of a distinct group of related fimbriae that are located in the glms-psts intergenic region of c ... | 2006 | 16952934 |
| flit acts as an anti-flhd2c2 factor in the transcriptional control of the flagellar regulon in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | flagellar operons are divided into three classes with respect to their transcriptional hierarchy in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the class 1 gene products flhd and flhc act together in an flhd(2)c(2) heterotetramer, which binds upstream of the class 2 promoters to facilitate binding of rna polymerase. class 2 expression is known to be enhanced by a disruption mutation in a flagellar gene, flit. in this study, we purified flit protein in a his-tagged form and showed that the protein p ... | 2006 | 16952964 |
| the key role of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in investigation of a large multiserotype and multistate food-borne outbreak of salmonella infections centered in pennsylvania. | five different serotypes of salmonella enterica were implicated in a large outbreak linked to fresh roma tomatoes served at gas station deli counters in pennsylvania and nearby states during july 2004: s. enterica serotypes javiana, anatum, thompson, typhimurium, and muenchen. one of these serotypes, anatum, was isolated from both tomatoes and patients. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) played a key role in identifying the outbreak-associated isolates and distinguishing them from unrelated ... | 2006 | 16954249 |
| comparison of api 20e and inva pcr for identification of salmonella enterica isolates from swine production units. | api 20e and inva pcr were evaluated for the identification of salmonella enterica isolates from swine farms. api 20e had the highest agreement with other tests at the 99.9% likelihood level. both tests had 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity compared to 16s rrna sequencing. compared to serotyping, both tests had 96% sensitivity; specificity was 86% for api 20e and 79% for inva pcr. | 2006 | 16954281 |
| survival of salmonella enterica serovar newport in manure and manure-amended soils. | salmonella enterica serovar newport has undergone a rapid epidemic spread in dairy cattle. this provides an efficient mechanism for pathogen amplification and dissemination into the environment through manure spreading on agricultural land. the objective of this study was to determine the survival characteristics of salmonella serovar newport in manure and manure-amended soils where the pathogen may be amplified. a multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella serovar newport strain and a drug-susceptibl ... | 2006 | 16957193 |
| comparison of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and non-lt2 salmonella genomic sequences, and genotyping of salmonellae by using pcr. | genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 expected to be specifically present in salmonella were selected using the basic local alignment search tool (blast) program. the 152 selected genes were compared with 11 genomic sequences of salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. i and iiib and salmonella bongori (v), and were clustered into 17 groups by their comparison patterns. a total of 38 primer pairs were constructed to represent each of the 17 groups, and pcr was per ... | 2006 | 16957240 |
| microarray-based detection of bacteria by on-chip pcr. | in this chapter, a protocol called on-chip polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is presented for the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) microarray-based detection of bacterial target sequences. on-chip pcr combines, in a single step, the conventional amplification of a target with a simultaneous, nested pcr round intended for target detection. while freely diffusible primers are deployed for amplification, the nested pcr is initiated by oligonucleotide primers bound to a solid phase. thus, on-chip pcr allow ... | 2006 | 16957345 |
| identification and characterization of espk, a type iii secreted effector protein of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) causes bloody diarrhoea in humans and deploys a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement to elicit the formation of attaching and effacing (ae) lesions on intestinal epithelia. here, we report the identification of a new secreted substrate of this system, z1829, which is encoded by cryptic prophage cp-933n. elevated secretion of a beta-lactamase-z1829 fusion protein was detected upon mutation of sepd in ehec o157:h7 ... | 2006 | 16958848 |
| nucleotide sequences and organization of the genes for carotovoricin (ctv) from erwinia carotovora indicate that ctv evolved from the same ancestor as salmonella typhi prophage. | carotovoricin er (ctver), which is produced by a plant soft rot disease causative agent, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora er, is a high-molecular-weight bacteriocin showing myoviridae phage-tail-like morphology with contractile sheath and plural tail fibers. we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of ctver genes on the e. carotovora er chromosome and report that ctver genes consist of lysis cassette, major and minor structural protein gene clusters. four promoters were identified. th ... | 2006 | 16960352 |
| salmonella enterica serotype virchow: epidemiology, resistance patterns and molecular characterisation of an invasive salmonella serotype in israel. | this study outlines the unique epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype virchow in israel. between 1997 and 2002, the overall incidence of non-typhoid salmonella enterica (nts) decreased from 69.3 to 53.3 infections/100,000 population, but the incidence of s. virchow increased (from 7.2 to 9.1 infections/100,000). since 2000, s. virchow has become the second-ranking nts isolate, accounting for 17% and 27% of all stool and blood nts isolates, respectively. infants aged < 1 year had the highes ... | 2006 | 16961637 |
| identification of specific gene sequences conserved in contemporary epidemic strains of salmonella enterica. | genetic elements specific to recent and contemporary epidemic strains of salmonella enterica were identified using comparative genomic analysis. two epidemic multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains, mdr salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (dt104) and cephalosporin-resistant mdr salmonella enterica serovar newport, and an epidemic pansusceptible strain, salmonella serovar typhimurium dt160, were subjected to salmonella gene microarray and suppression subtractive hybridizat ... | 2006 | 16963552 |
| bile-induced curing of the virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | exposure to bile induces curing of the virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (pslt). disruption of the ccdb gene increases pslt curing, both spontaneous and induced by bile, suggesting that the pslt ccdab genes may encode a homolog of the ccdab addiction module previously described in the f sex factor. unlike the f sex factor, synthesis of pslt-encoded pili does not confer bile sensitivity. these observations may provide insights into the evolution of virulence plasmids in ... | 2006 | 16963576 |
| variant salmonella genomic island 1-l antibiotic resistance gene cluster in salmonella enterica serovar newport. | we report a new salmonella genomic island 1 variant antibiotic resistance gene cluster called sgi1-l in a salmonella enterica serovar newport isolate containing a dfra15 gene cassette conferring resistance to trimethoprim. the isolate carried another class 1 integron containing the aacc5 and aada7 gene cassettes conferring resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin/spectinomycin, respectively. | 2006 | 16966396 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis-susceptible i/st mice develop severe disease following infection with taxonomically distant bacteria, salmonella enterica and chlamydia pneumoniae. | mice of i/st strain develop severe lung inflammation and die shortly following infection with virulent mycobacteria. to find out whether tuberculosis (tb)-susceptible i/st mice are susceptible to other intracellular bacteria, we investigated two different taxonomically distant pathogens, chlamydia pneumoniae and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. comparison of i/st and tb-resistant a/sn mice (both nramp1(r)) demonstrated that the former are more susceptible to both salmonella and chlamydia ... | 2006 | 16968403 |
| binding-induced stabilization and assembly of the phage p22 tail accessory factor gp4. | to infect and replicate, bacteriophage p22 injects its 43 kbp genome across the cell wall of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the attachment of phage p22 to the host cell as well as the injection of the viral dna into the host is mediated by the virion's tail complex. this 2.8 mda molecular machine is formed by five proteins, which include the portal protein gp1, the adhesion tailspike protein gp9, and three tail accessory factors: gp4, gp10, gp26. we have isolated the tail accessory fac ... | 2006 | 16970964 |
| phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates. | sixty-two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates from slaughter pigs and meat products isolated in southern brazil were analyzed for their genomic relationships and for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. twenty-four s. derby isolates were indistinguishable by their subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) pattern, xbai- and blni-macrorestriction patterns, phage type, plasmid profile, and resistance pattern. in contrast to the blni-macrorestriction patterns, th ... | 2006 | 16971066 |
| the presence of major world-wide clones for phage type 4 and 8 salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and the evaluation of their virulence levels by invasiveness assays in vitro and in vivo. | seventy-seven animal isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) obtained from the united states were analyzed by phage typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). thirty-nine strains were found with phage types (pt) 4, 8, and 13a. when the chromosomal dna of these 39 isolated strains with pt4, 8, and 13a were digested with xbai, spei and noti, followed by pfge analysis, 28 strains were found with a pattern combination of x4s4n4, which was the major subtype. when ... | 2006 | 16978349 |
| gene expression responses to a salmonella infection in the chicken intestine differ between lines. | poultry products are an important source of salmonella enterica. an effective way to reduce food poisoning due to salmonella would be to breed chickens more resistant to salmonella. unfortunately host responses to salmonella are complex with many factors involved. to learn more about responses to salmonella in young chickens, a cdna microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles between two chicken lines under control and salmonella infected conditions. newly hatched chick ... | 2006 | 16978708 |
| multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella enterica (serotypes typhi and paratyphi a) from blood isolates in nepal: surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives. | we evaluated the prevalence of multidrug resistance (mdr) and production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) by salmonella enterica (serotypes typhi and paratyphi a) in a teaching hospital in nepal. the mdr strains of s. enterica were also tested for susceptibility to newer antibiotics. | 2006 | 16978898 |
| simulation model estimates of test accuracy and predictive values for the danish salmonella surveillance program in dairy herds. | the danish government and cattle industry instituted a salmonella surveillance program in october 2002 to help reduce salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype dublin (s. dublin) infections. all dairy herds are tested by measuring antibodies in bulk tank milk at 3-month intervals. the program is based on a well-established elisa, but the overall test program accuracy and misclassification was not previously investigated. we developed a model to simulate repeated bulk tank milk antibody measur ... | 2006 | 16979767 |
| transcription modulation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium promoters by sub-mic levels of rifampin. | promoter-lux fusions that showed rifampin-modulated transcription were identified from a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 14028 reporter library. the transformation of a subset of fusions into mutants that lacked one of six global regulatory proteins or were rifampin resistant showed that transcription modulation was independent of the global regulators, promoter specific, and dependent on the interaction of rifampin with rna polymerase. | 2006 | 16980465 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium periplasmic superoxide dismutase sodci is a member of the phopq regulon and is induced in macrophages. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium replicates within host macrophages during the systemic stage of infection. in the macrophage, the bacteria must survive the respiratory burst that produces superoxide. serovar typhimurium strain 14028 produces two periplasmic superoxide dismutases, sodci and sodcii, but only sodci contributes to virulence. although we have shown that this is primarily due to differences in the two proteins, evidence suggests differential regulation of the two genes. using ... | 2006 | 16980468 |
| uncovering a large set of genes that affect surface motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | we describe a large set of genes affecting motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. identified in microarray experiments as displaying flagellar gene expression patterns or controlled by known flagellar regulators, we show that null mutations in these genes primarily affect swarming motility. three genes function in chemotaxis. | 2006 | 16980469 |
| purf-independent phosphoribosyl amine formation in yjgf mutants of salmonella enterica utilizes the tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme complex anthranilate synthase-phosphoribosyltransferase. | in salmonella enterica, the biosynthetic pathways for the generation of purines and the essential cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate branch after sharing five enzymatic steps. phosphoribosyl amine (pra) is the first intermediate in the common portion of the pathway and is generated from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and glutamine by the purf enzyme (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase). a null mutation in yjgf allows purf-independent pra formation by an unknown mechanism. the tryptophan bios ... | 2006 | 16980480 |
| phop-induced genes within salmonella pathogenicity island 1. | the invasive pathogen salmonella enterica has evolved a sophisticated device that allows it to enter nonphagocytic host cells. this process requires the expression of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1), which encodes a specialized type iii protein secretion system (ttss). this ttss delivers a set of effectors that produce a marked rearrangement of the host cytoskeleton, generating a profuse membrane ruffling at the site of interaction, driving bacterial entry. it has been shown that the p ... | 2006 | 16980492 |
| prevalence of antibodies reactive to pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria in preimmune serum of new zealand white rabbits. | polyclonal antibodies are typically produced in rabbits. the rabbit's health plays an important role in the quality of antibodies produced. therefore, recommendations have been made by organizations on which bacteria and how frequently to test rabbit colonies. since it is well known that rabbits may contain cross-reactive antibodies in their preimmune serum, it is common to test the rabbits for reactivity prior to immunization. here preimmune sera from 19 different rabbits were tested with elisa ... | 2006 | 16981648 |
| characterization of the acyl substrate binding pocket of acetyl-coa synthetase. | amp-forming acetyl-coa synthetase [acs; acetate:coa ligase (amp-forming), ec 6.2.1.1] catalyzes the activation of acetate to acetyl-coa in a two-step reaction. this enzyme is a member of the adenylate-forming enzyme superfamily that includes firefly luciferase, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and acyl- and aryl-coa synthetases/ligases. although the structures of several superfamily members demonstrate that these enzymes have a similar fold and domain structure, the low sequence conservation an ... | 2006 | 16981708 |
| cxcl16 regulates cell-mediated immunity to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis via promotion of gamma interferon production. | cxcl16 is a recently discovered multifaceted chemokine that has been shown not only to recruit activated t lymphocytes but also to play a direct role in the binding and phagocytosis of bacteria by professional antigen-presenting cells. in this study, we investigated the role of cxcl16 in vivo in the regulation of the immune response using a murine model of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection. the expression of cxcl16 was strongly upregulated in the spleens and livers of animals dev ... | 2006 | 16982830 |
| a recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine encoding eimeria acervulina antigen offers protection against e. acervulina challenge. | coccidiosis is a ubiquitous disease caused by intestinal protozoan parasites belonging to several distinct species of the genus eimeria. cell-mediated immunity (cmi) is critically important for protection against eimeria; thus, our approach utilizes the bacterial type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver an antigen directly into the cell cytoplasm of the immunized host and into the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen-processing pathway for induction of cmi and antigen-specific cyt ... | 2006 | 16982843 |
| caveolin-1-deficient mice show defects in innate immunity and inflammatory immune response during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection. | a number of studies have shown an association of pathogens with caveolae. to this date, however, there are no studies showing a role for caveolin-1 in modulating immune responses against pathogens. interestingly, expression of caveolin-1 has been shown to occur in a regulated manner in immune cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). here, we sought to determine the role of caveolin-1 (cav-1) expression in salmonella pathogenesis. cav-1(-/-) mice displayed a significant decrease in survival ... | 2006 | 16982844 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay for detection of gyra mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a. | a real-time pcr assay with the cycling probe method was used to detect mutations at codons 83 and 87 in the dna gyrase a subunit encoded by gyra in salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a clinical isolates. the susceptibility estimated from the results of the gyra mutation assay was consistent with that identified by the culture method using an e-test. this assay allows rapid screening of s. enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. | 2006 | 16985292 |
| inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide prevents growth of salmonella enterica purh mutants on glycerol. | the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbp) is key regulatory point in gluconeogenesis. mutants of salmonella enterica lacking purh accumulate 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribotide (aicar) and are unable to utilize glycerol as sole carbon and energy sources. the work described here demonstrates this lack of growth is due to inhibition of fbp by aicar. mutant alleles of fbp that restore growth on glycerol encode proteins resistant to inhibition by aicar and the allosteric regulator amp. this ... | 2006 | 16987812 |
| optimization of the delivery of heterologous proteins by the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii secretion system for vaccine development. | type iii protein secretion systems, which are organelles with the capacity to deliver bacterial proteins into host cells, have been adapted to deliver heterologous antigens for vaccine development. a limitation of these antigen delivery systems is that some proteins are not amenable to secretion through this pathway. we show here that proteins from the simian and human immunodeficiency viruses that are not permissive for secretion through a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium type iii secret ... | 2006 | 16988261 |
| down-regulation of key virulence factors makes the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium rfah mutant a promising live-attenuated vaccine candidate. | mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that lack the transcriptional regulator rfah are efficient as live oral vaccines against salmonellosis in mice. we show that the attenuation of the vaccine candidate strain is associated with reduced net growth in epithelial and macrophage cells. in order to identify the relevant rfah-dependent genes, the rfah regulon was determined with s. enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium using whole-genome salmonella microarrays. as well as impact ... | 2006 | 16988271 |
| thermal injury and recovery of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in ground chicken with temperature, ph, and sodium chloride as controlling factors. | cells of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were grown at 25 and 35 degrees c, heat injured (55, 60, and 62.5 degrees c), and recovered in tryptic soy broth (tsb) at various nacl concentrations (2.0 and 3.5%) and ph levels (5.5 and 6.5). to assess the interactions of growth temperature, heating temperature, nacl concentration and ph on the thermal injury and recovery of salmonella enteritidis in ground chicken, a randomized design with each experimental combination was used. when a logistic ... | 2006 | 16995506 |
| inhibitory effects of enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313. | enterococcus faecium and enterococcus gallinarum strains were isolated from a commercial probiotic product and the effects of these strains on the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313 were investigated. viable cell counts of salmonella enteritidis in mixed cultures with the probiotic product isolate of e. faecium were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in pure cultures after 6, 8, and 24 h when the cultures were incubated in heart infusion broth at 37 and 41 de ... | 2006 | 16995534 |
| dna adenine methylation regulates virulence gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | transcriptomic analyses during growth in luria-bertani medium were performed in strain sl1344 of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and in two isogenic derivatives lacking dam methylase. more genes were repressed than were activated by dam methylation (139 versus 37). key genes that were differentially regulated by dam methylation were verified independently. the largest classes of dam-repressed genes included genes belonging to the sos regulon, as previously described in escherichia coli, ... | 2006 | 16997949 |
| roles for dna supercoiling and the fis protein in modulating expression of virulence genes during intracellular growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | adaptation of bacterial pathogens to an intracellular environment requires resetting of the expression levels of a wide range of both virulence and housekeeping genes. we investigated the possibility that changes in dna supercoiling could modulate the expression of genes known to be important in the intracellular growth of the pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. our data show that dna becomes relaxed when salmonella grows in murine macrophage but not in epithelial cells, indicating ... | 2006 | 16999831 |
| loss of hfq activates the sigmae-dependent envelope stress response in salmonella enterica. | ubiquitous rna-binding protein hfq mediates the regulatory activity of many small rnas (srnas) in bacteria. to identify potential targets for hfq-mediated regulation in salmonella, we searched for lacz translational fusions whose activity varied in the presence or absence of hfq. fusions downregulated by hfq were more common than fusions showing the opposite response. surprisingly, in a subset of isolates from the major class, the higher activity in the absence of hfq was due to transcriptional ... | 2006 | 16999834 |
| the flin-flih interaction mediates localization of flagellar export atpase flii to the c ring complex. | flih regulates the flagellar export atpase flii, preventing nonproductive atp hydrolysis. flih has been shown to stably associate with the c ring protein flin. analysis of this complex reveals that flih is required for flii localization to the c ring, and thus flih not only inhibits flii atpase activity but also may act to target flii to the basal body. quantitative binding studies revealed a kd of 110 nm for flih binding to flin. the kd for flih binding of a flin variant from a temperature-sens ... | 2006 | 17002279 |
| molecular characterization and occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes among salmonella enterica serovar corvallis from thailand, bulgaria, and denmark. | fifty nine salmonella corvallis isolates from humans and food products in bulgaria, denmark, and thailand were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). cephalosporin-resistant isolates were examined for the presence of genes encoding beta-lactamases by pcr and sequencing. ten different pfge types were observed. one type (30 isolates) was recovered in all three countries; three types were found only in bulgaria, two only in denmark, t ... | 2006 | 17002546 |
| evaluation of new-generation serologic tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever: data from a community-based surveillance in calcutta, india. | although typhoid fever is confirmed by culture of salmonella enterica serotype typhi, rapid and simple diagnostic serologic tests would be useful in developing countries. we examined the performance of widal test in a community field site and compared it with typhidot and tubex tests for diagnosis of typhoid fever. blood samples were collected from 6697 patients with fever for > or =3 days for microscopy, culture, and serologic testing and from randomly selected 172 consenting healthy individual ... | 2006 | 16938421 |
| the salmonella effector protein pipb2 is a linker for kinesin-1. | understanding the mechanisms of salmonella virulence is an important challenge. the capacity of this intracellular bacterial pathogen to cause diseases depends on the expression of virulence factors including the second type iii secretion system (ttss-2), which is used to translocate into the eukaryotic cytosol a set of effector proteins that divert the biology of the host cell and shape the bacterial replicative niche. yet little is known about the eukaryotic functions affected by individual sa ... | 2006 | 16938850 |
| the phop/phoq two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor rpos in salmonella enterica. | the sigma factor rpos regulates the expression of many stress response genes and is required for virulence in several bacterial species. we now report that rpos accumulates when salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is growing logarithmically in media with low mg(2+) concentrations. this process requires the two-component regulatory system phop/phoq, which is specifically activated in low mg(2+). we show that phop controls rpos protein turnover by serving as a transcriptional activator of the ... | 2006 | 16938894 |
| modulation of phosphoinositide metabolism by pathogenic bacteria. | phosphoinositide metabolism plays a pivotal role in the regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction, actin remodelling and membrane dynamics. phosphoinositides co-ordinate these processes by recruiting protein effectors to distinct cellular membranes in a time- and organelle-dependent manner. intracellular bacterial pathogens interfere with phosphoinositide metabolism to direct their entry into eukaryotic cells, form replication-permissive vacuoles, modulate apoptosis, or trigger fluid s ... | 2006 | 16939534 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pk245, a 98-kilobase plasmid conferring quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase activity in a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | a plasmid containing the qnrs quinolone resistance determinant and the gene encoding the shv-2 beta-lactamase has been discovered from a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in taiwan. the complete 98-kb sequence of this plasmid, designated pk245, was determined by using a whole-genome shotgun approach. transfer of pk245 conferred low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in electroporant escherichia coli epi300. the sequence of the immediate region surrounding qnrs in pk245 is nearly i ... | 2006 | 16940067 |
| adaptive resistance and differential protein expression of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis biofilms exposed to benzalkonium chloride. | the development of adaptive resistance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 4931 biofilms following exposure to benzalkonium chloride (bc) either continuously (1 microg ml(-1)) or intermittently (10 microg ml(-1) for 10 min daily) was examined. biofilms adapted to bc over a 144-h period could survive a normally lethal bc challenge (500 microg ml(-1) for 10 min) and then regrow, as determined by increases in biofilm thickness, total biomass, and the ratio of the viable biomass to the n ... | 2006 | 16940079 |
| a novel extended-spectrum tem-type beta-lactamase, tem-138, from salmonella enterica serovar infantis. | a novel natural tem beta-lactamase with extended-spectrum activity, tem-138, was identified in a ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolate of salmonella enterica serovar infantis. compared to tem-1, tem-138 contains the following mutations: e104k, n175i, and g238s. the bla(tem-138) gene was located on a 50-kb transferable plasmid. expression studies with escherichia coli revealed efficient ceftazidimase and cefotaximase activities for tem-138. | 2006 | 16940125 |
| genetic environment of quinolone resistance gene qnrb2 in a complex sul1-type integron in the newly described salmonella enterica serovar keurmassar. | a qnrb2 determinant was described for a new complex sul1-type integron from salmonella enterica serovar keurmassar. the genetic structure contained two class 1 integrons surrounding two common regions (crs) separated by a partial 3' conserved segment. the qnrb2 gene is adjacent to the first cr. | 2006 | 16940131 |
| nosocomial outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella isangi in pediatric wards. | since may 2000, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (esbl) salmonella isangi were isolated from pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital. a total of 41 patients with positive cultures were reviewed, and the majority presented with gastroenteritis, fever, or both. one esbl phenotype was noted in all isolates, and clonality was confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. this is the first report of salmonella sp. esbl resistance in our hospital. | 2006 | 16940846 |
| enhanced detection rate of typhoid fever in children in a periurban slum in karachi, pakistan using polymerase chain reaction technology. | yield of blood culture in clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever is low, whereas indirect serological diagnostic tests are unreliable. hence, polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi was used as an aid for diagnosis of typhoid fever in addition to other diagnostic tests. two periurban communities in karachi were selected for an epidemiological study of typhoid fever. the aim of the study was to assess whether pcr increased the detection rate of ty ... | 2006 | 16901852 |
| decreasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from children with bacteraemia in a rural district hospital, kenya. | we analysed 336 non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) isolated from children <13 years of age with bacteraemia admitted to a rural district hospital in kenya from 1994 to 2005. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine genetic relatedness of strains, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed. most nts were either salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (n=114; 33.9%) or s. enterica serovar enteritidis (n=128; 38.1%), with minimal genotypic diversity over the study period. ... | 2006 | 16904874 |
| regulation of salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes by independent environmental signals. | the function of a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) is essential for the intracellular lifestyle of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. expression of spi2 genes is induced within the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) inside host cells and is controlled by the ssrab two-component system. however, the nature of the signals leading to expression of spi2 genes is controversial. here we report that expression of spi2 genes can be induced indep ... | 2006 | 16904940 |
| a steric antagonism of actin polymerization by a salmonella virulence protein. | salmonella spp. require the adp-ribosyltransferase activity of the spvb protein for intracellular growth and systemic virulence. spvb covalently modifies actin, causing cytoskeletal disruption and apoptosis. we report here the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of spvb, and we show by mass spectrometric analysis that spvb modifies actin at arg177, inhibiting its atpase activity. we also describe two crystal structures of spvb-modified, polymerization-deficient actin. these structures reve ... | 2006 | 16905096 |
| studies on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of dnaj of salmonella typhi against lethal infection by salmonella typhimurium in mice. | in the present study dnaj (hsp40) of salmonella enterica serovar typhi has been evaluated for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting mice against lethal challenge by s. enterica serovar typhimurium infection. dnaj was amplified by pcr of the genomic dna of s. typhi and subsequently cloned in pqe-30 expression vector. the protein was induced by iptg and purified using ni-nta chromatography under denaturing conditions. after refolding in vitro the immune response was evaluated by injecting ... | 2006 | 16887241 |
| repair of dna damage induced by bile salts in salmonella enterica. | exposure of salmonella enterica to sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, or sodium glycochenodeoxycholate induces the sos response, indicating that the dna-damaging activity of bile resides in bile salts. bile increases the frequency of gc --> at transitions and induces the expression of genes belonging to the oxyr and soxrs regulons, suggesting that bile salts may cause oxidative dna damage. s. enterica mutants lacking both exon ... | 2006 | 16888329 |
| clonality and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of multidrug- resistant salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolates from four public hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil. | in brazil, salmonella enterica serovar infantis resistant to various antimicrobials, including cephalosporins, has been identified as an etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in hospitalized children since 1994. in this study, 35 serovar infantis strains, isolated from children admitted to four different rio de janeiro, brazil, hospitals between 1996 and 2001, were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to determine their ... | 2006 | 16891490 |
| clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ctx-m-2)-producing salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in belgium and france (2000 to 2003). | antibiotic treatment is not required in cases of salmonella enterica gastroenteritis but is essential in cases of enteric fever or invasive salmonellosis or in immunocompromised patients. although fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the drugs of choice to treat invasive salmonella, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing worldwide. during the period 2000 to 2003, 90 salmonella enterica serovar virchow poultry and poultry product isolates and 11 serovar virchow human i ... | 2006 | 16891509 |
| proteomic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from raw 264.7 macrophages: identification of a novel protein that contributes to the replication of serovar typhimurium inside macrophages. | to evade host resistance mechanisms, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (stm), a facultative intracellular pathogen, must alter its proteome following macrophage infection. to identify new colonization and virulence factors that mediate stm pathogenesis, we have isolated stm cells from raw 264.7 macrophages at various time points following infection and used a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to detect the changes in stm protein abundance. because host resist ... | 2006 | 16893888 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of cysk, the gene encoding o-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase from azospirillum brasilense, which is involved in tellurite resistance. | o-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (cysteine synthase) was purified from azospirillum brasilense sp7. after hydrolysis of the purified protein, amino acid sequences of five peptides were obtained, which permitted the cloning and sequencing of the cysk gene. the deduced amino acid sequence of cysteine synthase exhibited homology with several putative proteins from alpha- and gammaproteobacteria. azospirillum brasilense sp7 cysk exhibited 58% identity (72% similarity) with escherichia coli k12 and salmo ... | 2006 | 16907731 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of lactobacillus helveticus strain ks300 against diarrhoeagenic, uropathogenic and vaginosis-associated bacteria. | the purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the antibacterial activity of the lactobacillus helveticus strain ks300 against vaginosis-associated bacteria including gardnerella vaginalis and prevotella bivia, uropathogenic escherichia coli, and diarrhoeagenic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | 2006 | 16907815 |
| an outbreak of salmonella abortusovis abortions in sheep in south croatia. | the aim of the study was to give an account of the epidemic of abortions in sheep caused by salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar abortusovis, which occurred in dalmatia, south croatia, in winter 2003-2004. five sheep flocks with rate of abortion ranging from 22% to 38% during the last-third of gestation were examined. salmonella abortusovis was isolated from 13 vaginal smears and two fetuses. direct inoculation was found to be superior to pre-enrichment and enrichment in selective broth for ... | 2006 | 16907961 |
| paneth cell alpha-defensin synthesis and function. | endogenous antimicrobial peptides (amps) mediate innate immunity in every species in which they have been investigated. cathelicidins and defensins are the two major amp families in mammals, and they are abundant components of phagocytic leukocytes and are released by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. in the small intestine, paneth cells at the base of the crypts of lieberkühn secrete alpha-defensins and additional amps at high levels in response to cholinergic stimulation and when exposed t ... | 2006 | 16909916 |
| evaluation of an in-house rapid diagnostic method for detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhi in fecal specimens. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is the etiological agent of typhoid fever. laboratory diagnosis requires isolation and identification of the organism from the patient's blood or feces. feces is the specimen most commonly submitted to laboratories. detection of bacterial antigens is an important adjunct to laboratory diagnosis. we carried out an in-house diagnostic method by preparing test reagents comprising of latex beads coated with specific antisera to detect vi, o9 and h-d antigens of s. t ... | 2006 | 16910055 |
| encapsulation of antigenic extracts of salmonella enterica serovar. abortusovis into polymeric systems and efficacy as vaccines in mice. | the properties of drug-vaccine delivery systems based on the use of biodegradable polymers, and its application in the control of experimental infection by salmonella enterica serovar. abortusovis (sao), are described in this manuscript. micelles of major membrane antigens from sao (hsao extract) can be encapsulated in microparticles of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) or in nanoparticles of gantrez polymer. the encapsulation process was optimized by the combined use of cyclodextrins. the resulting pa ... | 2006 | 16914273 |
| ctx-m-producing salmonella spp. in hong kong: an emerging problem. | two salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates and one s. enterica serovar enteritidis isolate that were resistant to 4 microg cefotaxime ml-1 and produced ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were characterized from patients in hong kong during 2003-2004. the s. typhimurium strain isolated in 2003 produced a ctx-m-9 esbl and harboured a blactx-m-9 gene that was associated with a class i integron-containing gene cassette and orf513 similar to those of in60. the second s. ty ... | 2006 | 16914655 |
| heat-shock transcription factor (hsf)-1 pathway required for caenorhabditis elegans immunity. | innate immunity comprises physical barriers, pattern-recognition receptors, antimicrobial substances, phagocytosis, and fever. here we report that increased temperature results in the activation of a conserved pathway involving the heat-shock (hs) transcription factor (hsf)-1 that enhances immunity in the invertebrate caenorhabditis elegans. the hsf-1 defense response is independent of the p38 mapk/pmk-1 pathway and requires a system of chaperones including small and 90-kda inducible hs proteins ... | 2006 | 16916933 |
| in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat) and change mediated antigen technology (cmat). | in this chapter, an overview of in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat) and change mediated antigen technology (cmat) will be presented, including a discussion of the advantages and limitations of these methods. over fifteen different microbial pathogens have been or are known to be currently studied with these methods. salient data obtained from the application of iviat and/or cmat to a selection of human and plant pathogens will be summarized. this includes recent reports on streptococcus p ... | 2006 | 16918490 |
| prophylactic anti-tumor immunity against a murine fibrosarcoma triggered by the salmonella type iii secretion system. | the potential of an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain as a prophylactic anti-tumor vaccine against the murine fibrosarcoma wehi 164 was evaluated. tumor cells were transfected with the dna sequence encoding the mhc class i-restricted peptide p60(217-225) from listeria monocytogenes. balb/c mice received a single orogastric immunization with salmonella that translocates a chimeric p60 protein via its type iii secretion system. mice were subsequently challenged subcutaneous ... | 2006 | 16919987 |