Publications

expression of t-bet by cd4 t cells is essential for resistance to salmonella infection.	despite the recognized role of the t-bet transcription factor in the differentiation of th1 cells, t-bet-deficient mice can develop small numbers of ifn-gamma-producing cd4 t cells. although these are not sufficient to allow normal handling of some pathogens, t-bet-deficient mice do resolve infection with the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. in contrast, we report that expression of t-bet is required for resistance to salmonella infection. t-bet-deficient mice succumbed to infectio ...	2005	16177105
a novel role of cd30/cd30 ligand signaling in the generation of long-lived memory cd8+ t cells.	memory cd8+ t cells can be divided into two subsets, central memory (t(cm)) and effector memory (t(em)) cd8+ t cells. we found that cd30, a member of the tnfr-associated factor (traf)-linked tnfr superfamily, signaling is involved in differentiation of long-lived cd8+ t(cm) cells following listeria monocytogenes infection. although cd8+ t(em) cells transiently accumulated in the nonlymphoid tissues of cd30 ligand (cd153-/-) mice after infection, long-lived memory cd8+ t(cm) cells were poorly gen ...	2005	16177108
th1 cytokines are essential for placental immunity to listeria monocytogenes.	the fetal allograft poses an immunological challenge: how is it protected while immunity to pathogens, particularly those that replicate in the placenta, is maintained? several theories have been proposed to explain this fetal protection, including a pregnancy-based bias towards a th2 rather than th1 cytokine profile in order to avoid generating cytotoxic t cells that could threaten the fetus. listeria monocytogenes preferentially replicates in the placenta and systemically requires a th1 respon ...	2005	16177303
characterization of listeria monocytogenes expressing anthrolysin o and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus anthracis.	two virulence factors of listeria monocytogenes, listeriolysin o (llo) and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc), mediate escape of this pathogen from the phagocytic vacuole of macrophages, thereby allowing the bacterium access to the host cell cytosol for growth and spread to neighboring cells. we characterized their orthologs from bacillus anthracis by expressing them in l. monocytogenes and characterizing their contribution to bacterial intracellular growth and cell-to-cell s ...	2005	16177340
lpxtg protein inlj, a newly identified internalin involved in listeria monocytogenes virulence.	listeria monocytogenes expresses surface proteins covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan by sortase enzymes. inactivation of srta attenuates listeria virulence in mice (h. bierne, s. k. mazmanian, m. trost, m. g. pucciarelli, g. liu, p. dehoux, l. jansch, f. garcia-del portillo, o. schneewind, and p. cossart, mol. microbiol. 43:869-881, 2002). we show here that an srta mutant is more attenuated than an internalin mutant in orally infected guinea pigs and transgenic mice expressing human e-cadh ...	2005	16177371
[current topics and risk management of listeria monocytogenes in food].		2005	16180692
p-ser-hpr--a link between carbon metabolism and the virulence of some pathogenic bacteria.	hpr kinase/phosphorylase phosphorylates hpr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system, at serine-46. p-ser-hpr is the central regulator of carbon metabolism in gram-positive bacteria, but also plays a role in virulence development of certain pathogens. in listeria monocytogenes, several virulence genes, which depend on the transcription activator prfa, are repressed by glucose, fructose, etc., in a catabolite repressor (ccpa)-independent mechanis ...	2005	16182622
arhgap10 is necessary for alpha-catenin recruitment at adherens junctions and for listeria invasion.	e-cadherin mediates the formation of adherens junctions between epithelial cells. it serves as a receptor for listeria monocytogenes, a bacterial pathogen that enters epithelial cells. the l. monocytogenes surface protein, inla, interacts with the extracellular domain of e-cadherin. in adherens junctions, this ectodomain is involved in homophilic interactions whereas the cytoplasmic domain binds beta-catenin, which then recruits alpha-catenin. alpha-catenin binds to actin directly, or indirectly ...	2005	16184169
magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates for the separation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.	the immunomagnetic separation with magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates (mncs) was investigated and evaluated for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef samples. mncs were prepared by immobilizing biotin-labeled polyclonal goat anti-e. coli antibodies onto streptavidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles. for bacterial separation, mncs were mixed with inoculated ground beef samples, then nanoparticle-antibody-e. coli o157:h7 complexes were separated from food matrix with a magne ...	2005	16161677
antimicrobial activity of cetylpyridinium chloride against listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters and subsequent effect on quality attributest.	frankfurters inoculated with listeria monocytogenes were treated with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) or with 1% cpc followed by a water rinse at various combinations of spray temperatures (25, 40, and 55 degrees c), spray pressures (20, 25, and 35 psi), and times of exposure (30, 40, and 60 s). no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the reductions achieved by 1% cpc + water wash and those achieved with 1% cpc treatment alone. l. monocytogenes populations were reduced by ca. 1. ...	2005	16161680
a field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce.	the centers for disease control and prevention has reported that foodborne disease outbreaks associated with fruits and vegetables increased during the past decade. this study was conducted to characterize the routes of microbial contamination in produce and to identify areas of potential contamination from production through postharvest handling. we report here the levels of bacterial indicator organisms and the prevalence of selected pathogens in produce samples collected from the southern uni ...	2005	16161682
occurrence of campylobacter and listeria monocytogenes in a poultry processing plant.	the occurrence of campylobacter and listeria monocytogenes was studied in 645 samples from surfaces, water, and poultry products (chicken carcasses, chicken parts, viscera, and spoils) in a poultry processing plant in southern brazil. the automated mini-vidas system was used to detect the presence of campylobacter and l. monocytogenes on the samples. the positive samples were confirmed by conventional methods. campylobacter and l. monocytogenes were found in 16.6 and 35.6% of the analyzed sample ...	2005	16161691
multiplex pcr assay simplifies serotyping and sequence typing of listeria monocytogenes associated with human outbreaks.	listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 4b are responsible for the majority of cases of human listeriosis worldwide. in this study, a multiplex pcr assay was developed to allow rapid identification and easily interpretable differentiation of serotypes 1/2a and 4b from other serotypes of l. monocytogenes by simultaneously targeting two virulence genes (inlb and inlc) and two serotype-specific genes (orf2372 and imo0171). a subsequent gel extraction and sequence typing analysis of the highly pol ...	2005	16161692
achieving continuous improvement in reductions in foodborne listeriosis--a risk-based approach.	listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis, a severe disease that can lead to septicemia, meningitis, and spontaneous abortion. ongoing efforts are needed to further reduce the incidence of listeriosis, due to its high mortality rate. the focus of this report is the use of a risk-based approach to identify strategies that will have the greatest impact on reducing foodborne listeriosis. a continuum of risk for listeriosis is observed in the human population, ranging ...	2005	16161698
rat cytomegalovirus and listeria monocytogenes infection enhance chronic rejection after allogenic rat lung transplantation.	the role of infection in the pathomechanism of obliterative bronchiolitis (ob) after human lung transplantation is controversial. in a rat lung transplantation model, we analyzed the effect of viral [rat cytomegalovirus (rcmv)] and bacterial infection [listeria monocytogenes (lm)] on the development of chronic allograft rejection. fisher rats underwent single left lung transplantation with allografts from lewis rats. postoperatively, animals were infected with either rcmv or lm, or served as non ...	2005	16162104
effect of laser and environmental parameters on reducing microbial contamination of stainless steel surfaces with nd:yag laser irradiation.	the effect of laser (pulse repetition frequency, pulse energy and exposure time) and environmental parameters (ph, nacl concentration and wet or dry samples) of nd:yag laser decontamination of stainless steel inoculated with escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes was investigated.	2005	16162246
antimicrobial susceptibility of nisin resistant listeria monocytogenes of dairy origin.	the antibiotic susceptibility of wild listeria monocytogenes strains and their corresponding nisin resistant variants was assessed. the resistant strains were more sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics than their wild-type counterparts. a slight increase in mic was observed for a few antibiotics including the membrane disturbing polymixin b. cross-resistance was detected with two synthetic antimicrobial peptides. a lower c15/c17 ratio in the membrane fatty acid composition of the nisin res ...	2005	16165322
in vitro activity of daptomycin against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria.	we determined the activity of daptomycin, a recently fda-approved antimicrobial agent, against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria, including viridans group streptococci (16 streptococcus mitis species group, 12 s. mutans species group, 9 s. anginosus species group, 8 s. sanguinis species group, 5 s. salivarius species group) from patients with infective endocarditis, 32 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, 32 high-level penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, 38 vancomyci ...	2005	16133715
no indication for a defect in toll-like receptor signaling in patients with hyper-ige syndrome.	hyper-ige syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent infections of the skin and respiratory system, chronic eczema, elevated total serum ige, and a variety of associated skeletal symptoms. recent reports about susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections and high ige levels in patients and animals with defects in toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathways prompted us to search for tlr signaling defects as an underlying cause of hyper-ige syndro ...	2005	16133988
[listeria monocytogenes in women of reproductive age].	listeria monocytogenes (lm) is gram-positive bacteria linear shaped which grows good also at refrigerator temperature (4 degrees c). the bacteria is resistant on high and low temperatures. this bacteria can be found in the dirt, rotted vegetation, vegetables and fruit, milk and dairy products, and also in the meat and processed meat. this bacteria cause disease called listeriosis. this bacteria attacks at first people with weak immune system like infants, pregnant women, people with chronic dise ...	2005	16134751
semiparametric methods for mapping quantitative trait loci with censored data.	statistical methods for the detection of genes influencing quantitative traits with the aid of genetic markers are well developed for normally distributed, fully observed phenotypes. many experiments are concerned with failure-time phenotypes, which have skewed distributions and which are usually subject to censoring because of random loss to follow-up, failures from competing causes, or limited duration of the experiment. in this article, we develop semiparametric statistical methods for mappin ...	2005	16135030
the adjuvant activity of cpg dna requires t-bet expression in dendritic cells.	treatment with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing cpg motifs (cpg odns) is remarkably protective against otherwise lethal infection. here, we describe an essential role for the transcription factor t-bet in mediating the protective function of cpg odns. loss of t-bet in conventional cd11c(hi) dendritic cells (dcs) and in plasmacytoid dcs impaired production of ifns. strikingly, in contrast to rag2-/- mice, rag2-/- mice that also lacked t-bet (dko) could not be rescued from lethal listeri ...	2005	16135562
decrease in serum procalcitonin levels over time during treatment of acute bacterial meningitis.	the aim of this study was to describe the change in serum procalcitonin levels during treatment for community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis.	2005	16137346
toll-like receptor-2 deficiency is associated with enhanced brain tnf gene expression during pneumococcal meningitis.	tnf is a marker of disease activity in bacterial meningitis. to investigate tnf modulation by toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2), we studied temporal and anatomical expression patterns of tlr2 and tnf in a pneumococcal meningitis model in wild type (wt) and tlr2(-/-) mice. we show by in situ hybridization that transcripts of tlr2 and of the comolecules cd14, md-2, tlr1/6 strongly increased and colocalized with tnf in cd45-positive infiltrating cells in the ventricles, corpus callosum and the meninges. ...	2005	16137770
listeria monocytogenes egd lacking penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp5) produces a thicker cell wall.	we report on the cloning of the structural gene for penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp5), lmo2754. we also describe the enzymatic activity of pbp5 and characterize a mutant lacking this activity. purified pbp5 has dd-carboxypeptidase activity, removing the terminal d-alanine residue from murein pentapeptide side chains. it shows higher activity against low molecular weight monomeric pentapeptide substrates compared to dimeric pentapeptide compound. similarly, pbp5 preferentially cleaves monomeric ...	2005	16140473
[pulse-electrotypes of listeria monocytogenes strains, isolated in moscow].	the characterization of the pulse-electrotypes of l. monocytogenes, isolated in 2003-2004 in moscow from different sources, is presented. among the cultures, isolated from humans, one outbreak pulse electrotype was detected and from different objects in buildings where a wide variety of food products was produced several probably related and unrelated pulse-electrotypes were obtained. the conclusion was made that several independent l. monocytogenes clones existed on the territory of moscow, and ...	2005	16146221
the ikappab protein bcl-3 negatively regulates transcription of the il-10 gene in macrophages.	nf-kappab/rel transcription factors, implicated in inflammatory and immune responses against pathogens, are regulated by ikappab proteins. the physiological and molecular function of the ikappab family member bcl-3 is understood only poorly. in this study, the role of bcl-3 in an innate immune response was examined by gene targeting. we demonstrate that bcl-3(-/-) mice are highly susceptible to listeria monocytogenes infection. this correlates with diminished production of il-12 p70 and ifn-gamm ...	2005	16148099
fusion to listeriolysin o and delivery by listeria monocytogenes enhances the immunogenicity of her-2/neu and reveals subdominant epitopes in the fvb/n mouse.	five overlapping fragments of rat her-2/neu have been expressed in recombinant listeria monocytogenes. each fragment of her-2/neu is secreted as a fusion protein with a truncated, nonhemolytic form of listeriolysin o (llo). lm-llo-ec1, lm-llo-ec2, and lm-llo-ec3 overlap the extracellular domain of her-2/neu, whereas lm-llo-ic1 and lm-llo-ic2 span the intracellular domain. all five strains controlled the growth of established nt-2 tumors, a rat her-2/neu-expressing tumor line derived from a spont ...	2005	16148111
assessment of interleukin-12, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion in sera from mice fed with dietary lipids during different stages of listeria monocytogenes infection.	recent experimental observations have determined that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress immune functions and are involved in the reduction of infectious disease resistance. balb/c mice were fed for 4 weeks with one of four diets containing either olive oil (oo), fish oil (fo), hydrogenated coconut oil, or a low fat level. interleukin-12p70 (il-12p70), gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) production in the sera of mice fed these diets and cha ...	2005	16148177
[pathophysiology and epidemiology of listeriosis].	listeriosis is a severe infectious disease occurring both in humans and in most other animal species. it is caused by a gram-positive bacterium, listeria monocytogenes. this facultative intracellular pathogen is widespread in nature and infects humans through contaminated food. after ingestion, bacteria can cross the gut mucosa and disseminate via the bloodstream. they may then invade the central nervous system and the placenta, causing severe meningoencephalitis and fetoplacental infections, re ...	2005	16149214
omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid impairment of early host resistance against listeria monocytogenes infection is independent of neutrophil infiltration and function.	the primary objective of this study was to determine whether the n-3 pufa-mediated changes in host response to a listeria monocytogenes infection (e.g., cytokine production and bacterial clearance) were dependent upon neutrophils. balb/c mice were fed one of two semi-purified diets that contained either 0 or 41 g of n-3 pufa/kg. after 4 week, mice were injected with a neutrophil-depleting (rb6-8c5) or isotype-control antibody 24 h prior to infection. bacterial clearance from the liver and spleen ...	2005	16150430
membrane damage and microbial inactivation by chlorine in the absence and presence of a chlorine-demanding substrate.	the relationship between cell inactivation and membrane damage was studied in two gram-positive organisms, listeria monocytogenes and bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative organisms, yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, exposed to chlorine in the absence and presence of 150 ppm of organic matter (trypticase soy broth). l. monocytogenes and b. subtilis were more resistant to chlorine in distilled water. the addition of small amounts of organic matter to the chlorination medium drastic ...	2005	16151082
identification of genes induced in listeria monocytogenes during growth and attachment to cut cabbage, using differential display.	the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous soil bacterium with the potential to contaminate fresh produce during cultivation and postharvest processing. in order to identify potential mechanisms by which l. monocytogenes may successfully attach to and colonize fresh produce, gene expression in l. monocytogenes cells inoculated onto fresh-cut cabbage was compared to gene expression in cells grown under control conditions. differential display of reverse transcriptase pcr fragm ...	2005	16151109
surface attachment of listeria monocytogenes is induced by sublethal concentrations of alcohol at low temperatures.	sublethal concentrations of ethanol or isopropanol increased attachment of listeria monocytogenes at 10, 20, or 30 degrees c; no induction occurred at 37 degrees c. the alcohol induction phenotype was retained in sigb and cesrk mutants; however, the degree of induction was affected. these results suggest that alcohol may contribute to the persistence of l. monocytogenes.	2005	16151157
secretion of recombinant pediocin pa-1 by bifidobacterium longum, using the signal sequence for bifidobacterial alpha-amylase.	a recombinant dna, encoding the chimeric protein of the signal sequence for bifidobacterial alpha-amylase mature pediocin pa-1, was introduced into bifidobacterium longum mg1. biologically active pediocin pa-1 was successfully secreted from the strain and showed bactericidal activity against listeria monocytogenes and the same molecular mass as native pediocin pa-1.	2005	16151166
molecular characterization of listeria monocytogenes of the serotype 4b complex (4b, 4d, 4e) from two turkey processing plants.	most foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis have been found to involve a small number of closely related strains of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b. the ecology of these organisms and their reservoirs in nature or in the processing plant environment, however, remain poorly understood. surveys of environmental samples from two turkey processing plants in the united states indicated presence of l. monocytogenes of the serotype 4b complex (serotype 4b and the closely related serotypes 4d and 4e). in ...	2005	16156700
prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in listeria monocytogenes isolated from dairy farms.	antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes (n = 38) isolated from the four dairy farms to 15 antimicrobial agents was evaluated. all 38 l. monocytogenes isolates from the four farms evaluated were resistant to more than one antimicrobial in different combinations. all l. monocytogenes isolates evaluated were resistant to cephalosporin c (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] > or = 512 microg/ml), streptomycin (mic > or = 32) and trimethoprim (mic > or = 512). most l. monocytogenes isol ...	2005	16156701
cetylpyridinium chloride treatment of ready-to-eat polish sausages: effects on listeria monocytogenes populations and quality attributes.	ready-to-eat polish sausages were inoculated with listeria monocytogenes at either low (3 log(10) cfu/g) or high (7 log(10) cfu/g) levels, treated with a 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) spray (20 psi, 25 degrees c, 30-sec exposure), vacuum packaged, and stored for 42 days at 0 degrees c or 4 degrees c. non-inoculated samples were similarly treated, packaged, and stored to determine effects on color, firmness, and naturally occurring bacterial populations such as aerobic plate counts (apc). at ...	2005	16156704
predictive modelling and validation of listeria innocua growth at superatmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations.	the effect of superatmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth of listeria innocua, which was used as a model organism for the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, was evaluated. the bacteria were grown on a nutrient agar surface at 7 degrees c. three carbon dioxide levels (0%, 12.5% and 25%) were combined with different levels of high oxygen concentrations (above 20%) based on a mixture design. the applied oxygen concentrations did not significantly influence the growth. high ...	2005	16157408
use of rna interference in drosophila s2 cells to identify host pathways controlling compartmentalization of an intracellular pathogen.	three genome-wide rna interference screens were performed in drosophila s2 cells to dissect the contribution of host processes to listeria monocytogenes entry, vacuolar escape, and intracellular growth. among the 116 genes identified, several host pathways previously unrecognized as playing a role in listerial pathogenesis were identified: knockdowns affecting vacuolar trafficking to and from the multivesicular body bypassed the requirement for the essential pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o in ...	2005	16157870
the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin listeriolysin o aggregates rafts via oligomerization.	the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o (llo) is the main virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes. llo is known to act as a pseudo cytokine/chemokine, which induces a broad spectrum of host responses that ultimately influences the outcome of listeriosis. in the present study we demonstrate that llo is a potent aggregator of lipid rafts. llo was found to aggregate the raft associated molecules gm1, the gpi-anchored proteins cd14 and cd16 as well as the tyrosine kinase lyn. abrogation of the cyt ...	2005	16098221
listeria monocytogenes ferritin protects against multiple stresses and is required for virulence.	in this study, the role of listeria monocytogenes ferritin was investigated. the fri gene encoding the ferritin was deleted and the phenotype of the mutant was analyzed demonstrating that ferritin is necessary for optimal growth in minimal medium in both presence and absence of iron, as well as after cold- and heat-shock. we also showed that ferritin provides protection against reactive oxygen species and is essential for full virulence of l. monocytogenes. a comparative proteomic analysis revea ...	2005	16098690
a risk microbiological profile of the australian red meat industry: risk ratings of hazard-product pairings.	a risk profile of microbial hazards across the supply continuum for the beef, sheep and goat meat industries was developed using both a qualitative tool and a semi-quantitative, spreadsheet tool, risk ranger. the latter is useful for highlighting factors contributing to food safety risk and for ranking the risk of various product/pathogen combinations. in the present profile the qualitative tool was used as a preliminary screen for a wide range of hazard-product pairings while risk ranger was us ...	2005	16099063
primary cutaneous listeriosis in a veterinarian.		2005	16100376
virr, a response regulator critical for listeria monocytogenes virulence.	signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) was used to identify new genes involved in the virulence of the gram-positive intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. one of the mutants isolated by this technique had the transposon inserted in virr, a gene encoding a putative response regulator of a two-component system. deletion of virr severely decreased virulence in mice as well as invasion in cell-culture experiments. using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 12 genes regulated by virr, includ ...	2005	16102006
the 5' untranslated region-mediated enhancement of intracellular listeriolysin o production is required for listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity.	listeriolysin o (llo) and acta are essential virulence determinants for listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis. transcription of acta and hly, encoding llo, is regulated by prfa and increases dramatically during intracellular infection. the 5' untranslated regions (5' utrs) of acta and prfa have been shown to upregulate expression of their respective gene products. here, we demonstrate that the hly 5' utr plays a critical role in regulating expression of llo during intracellular infection. deletion ...	2005	16102013
gene expression profiling of mouse host response to listeria monocytogenes infection.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression profiles in the liver and blood for prediction of infection severity from listeria monocytogenes (lm). mice were injected with medium broth (control) or a nonlethal or lethal dose of lm and sacrificed 6 h later. gene expression changes were determined using affymetrix mgu74av2 genechips and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. we identified discernable genes whose gene expression profiles can be used in pattern recog ...	2005	16102935
solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains.	the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (eos) of cinnamon (cinnamon zeylanicum), clove (syzygium aromaticum), basil (ocimum basillicum), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), dill (anethum graveolens), and ginger (zingiber officinalis) was evaluated over a range of concentrations in two types of contact tests (solid and vapor diffusion). the eos were tested against an array of four gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and listeria monocytogenes ...	2005	16104824
molecular basis of listeriolysin o ph dependence.	listeriolysin o (llo) is a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin that is an essential virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes. llo pore-forming activity is ph-dependent; it is active at acidic ph (<6), but not at neutral ph. in contrast to other ph-dependent toxins, we have determined that llo pore-forming activity is controlled by a rapid and irreversible denaturation of its structure at neutral ph at temperatures >30 degrees c. rapid denaturation is triggered at neutral ph by the premature unfold ...	2005	16105950
sustained effect of inhaled diesel exhaust particles on t-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses against listeria monocytogenes.	studies have shown that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (dep) suppresses pulmonary host defense against bacterial infection. the present study was carried out to characterize whether dep exposure exerts a sustained effect in which inhaled dep increase the susceptibility of the lung to bacterial infection occurring at a later time. brown norway rats were exposed to filtered air or dep by inhalation at a dose of 21.2 +/- 2.3 mg/m3, 4 h/day for 5 days, and intratracheally instilled with saline ...	2005	16107554
does sporadic listeria gastroenteritis exist? a 2-year population-based survey in nova scotia, canada.	febrile gastroenteritis due to listeria monocytogenes (lm) has been primarily described in foodborne outbreaks. we decided to determine the incidence of sporadic, febrile gastroenteritis due to lm in a large, well-defined north american population over a 2-year period and to compare these cases to sporadic cases of campylobacter and salmonella infections occurring concurrently in the community.	2005	16107973
ability of orally administered ifn-alpha-containing transgenic potato extracts to inhibit listeria monocytogenes infection.	type i interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) were originally thought to be antiviral cytokines, but it has recently been reported that they also play an important role in potentiating innate and adaptive immune responses. moreover, several studies have shown that the oral administration of type i ifn ameliorates various biologic activities. here, we studied the ability of orally administered ifn-alpha to protect mice from systemic listeria monocytogenes infection. daily oral administration of purified na ...	2005	16108729
factors affecting the inactivation of micro-organisms by intense light pulses.	to determine the influence of several factors on the inactivation of micro-organisms by intense light pulses (ilp).	2005	16108787
decrease of enteric micro-organisms from rural sewage sludge during their composting in straw mixture.	to study the decrease of enteric micro-organisms including viable nematode eggs, enteroviruses, faecal indicators (escherichia coli and enterococci) and pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, salmonella sp. and clostridium perfringens) of a rural sewage sludge when it is composted for 7 months in mixture with straw.	2005	16108794
screening of benzalkonium chloride resistance in listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during cold smoked fish production.	to determine the susceptibility to disinfectants and cross-resistance to antibiotics in listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish products and the fish-processing environment.	2005	16108923
regulation of the bacillus subtilis ytmi operon, involved in sulfur metabolism.	the ytli regulator of bacillus subtilis activates the transcription of the ytmi operon encoding an l-cystine abc transporter, a riboflavin kinase, and proteins of unknown function. the expression of the ytli gene and the ytmi operon was high with methionine and reduced with sulfate. using deletions and site-directed mutagenesis, a cis-acting dna sequence important for ytli-dependent regulation was identified upstream from the -35 box of ytmi. gel mobility shift assays confirmed that ytli specifi ...	2005	16109943
increased vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis of recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin mutants that secrete listeriolysin.	the tuberculosis vaccine mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) was equipped with the membrane-perforating listeriolysin (hly) of listeria monocytogenes, which was shown to improve protection against mycobacterium tuberculosis. following aerosol challenge, the hly-secreting recombinant bcg (hly+ rbcg) vaccine was shown to protect significantly better against aerosol infection with m. tuberculosis than did the parental bcg strain. the isogenic, urease c-deficient hly+ rbcg (deltaurec h ...	2005	16110326
foodborne pathogens in milk and the dairy farm environment: food safety and public health implications.	milk and products derived from milk of dairy cows can harbor a variety of microorganisms and can be important sources of foodborne pathogens. the presence of foodborne pathogens in milk is due to direct contact with contaminated sources in the dairy farm environment and to excretion from the udder of an infected animal. most milk is pasteurized, so why should the dairy industry be concerned about the microbial quality of bulk tank milk? there are several valid reasons, including (1) outbreaks of ...	2005	15992306
effect of the implementation of haccp on the microbiological quality of meals at a university restaurant.	a study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality, including total mesophilic counts and markers of bacteriological hygiene, as indicator of food safety of three categories of the most consumed meals in a university restaurant, before and after implementation of the haccp system and personnel training. cold gastronomy products, cooked warm-served products, and cooked cold-served products were tested for bacterial contamination. throughout the experiment, 894 samples were examined for ...	2005	15992308
antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity in heterotrophic bacteria of mineral water origin.	antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity were determined on heterotrophic bacteria isolated from mineral waters. of the 120 isolates pseudomonas spp. (55.8%) was the predominant group followed by acinetobacter spp. (14.17%), flavobacterium spp. (10.83%), achromobacter spp. (10%), burkholderia cepacia (3.3%), agrobacterium/radiobacter (2.5%), moraxella spp. (1.7%), aeromonas hydrophila (1.7%). over 80% of the isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics and the highest resistance wa ...	2005	15993695
prevalence and location of listeria monocytogenes in farmed rainbow trout.	a total of 510 rainbow trout originating from fish farms in lakes and sea areas around finland were studied for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. samples were studied as pools from five fish. gill, viscera, and skin from the pooled samples were analysed separately. the individual samples were analysed later if the pooled sample was found to be listeria positive. the prevalence of listeria spp. and l. monocytogenes in pooled unprocessed fresh rainbow trout was on average 35.0% and 14.6%, re ...	2005	15993967
characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from food animal clinical cases: pfge pattern similarity to strains from human listeriosis cases.	twenty-one isolates of listeria monocytogenes from food animal clinical cases that involved meningitis or meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, mastitis and abortion were characterized by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) in order to improve our understanding of the genetic links between individual strains and strains recovered from human listeriosis cases. results showed that five of the isolates were serotype 1/2a, six were 1/2b, nine were 4b, and one was untypeable. a caprin ...	2005	16000241
suspension microarray with dendrimer signal amplification allows direct and high-throughput subtyping of listeria monocytogenes from genomic dna.	listeria monocytogenes is a significant cause of food-borne disease and mortality; therefore, epidemiological investigations of this pathogen require subtyping methods that are rapid, discriminatory, and reproducible. although conventional microarray subtyping analysis has been shown to be both high resolution and genetically informative, it is still relatively low throughput and technically challenging. suspension microarray technology eliminates the technical issues associated with planar micr ...	2005	16000444
definition of genetically distinct attenuation mechanisms in naturally virulence-attenuated listeria monocytogenes by comparative cell culture and molecular characterization.	listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to cause serious disease in humans and animals. not all isolates are equally pathogenic, however, and several isolates have been characterized as naturally virulence attenuated. we sought to identify the genetic basis of natural virulence attenuation using cell culture assays and molecular techniques. by comparing the phenotypes of naturally virulence-attenuated isolates to those of defined virulence gene mutants in plaque, cytotoxicity, and he ...	2005	16000803
functional transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids to mammalian cells by listeria monocytogenes: a mechanistic approach.	cystic fibrosis (cf) is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the caucasian population. gene therapy for cf is principally feasible and bacterial transfer systems might provide novel possibilities for therapy. however, transfection efficiencies are low and need to be improved. thus, more detailed understanding of the dna transfer mechanism is necessary to systematically eliminate these restrictions.	2005	16001391
experimental evaluation of different precision criteria applicable to microbiological counting methods.	the dispersion of microbiological counting measurements, when repeating the analysis on the same material both within a laboratory (repeatability) and between laboratories (reproducibility) can be characterized by the organization of interlaboratory studies, where several sets of identical test materials are sent to several laboratories. using the example of data generated by an interlaboratory study on enumeration of listeria monocytogenes in foods by the standardized reference method (colony-c ...	2005	16001859
cpg oligonucleotides partially inhibit growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not salmonella or listeria, in human monocyte-derived macrophages.	immunostimulatory dna sequences and their synthetic oligonucleotide analogs (cpg-odn) activate innate immunity and can stimulate antibacterial effects against numerous intracellular pathogens. while it has been shown previously that cpg-odn inhibit growth of mycobacterium avium in murine and human macrophages, we now report that mycobacterium tuberculosis growth can be inhibited by cpg-odn treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm). this inhibitory effect was reversed by ifn-gamma, w ...	2005	16002269
hepatocytes express abundant surface class i mhc and efficiently use transporter associated with antigen processing, tapasin, and low molecular weight polypeptide proteasome subunit components of antigen processing and presentation pathway.	hepatic expression levels of class i mhc ags are generally regarded as very low. because the status of these ags and their ability to present peptides are important for the understanding of pathogen clearance and tolerogenic properties of the liver, we set out to identify the factors contributing to the reported phenotype. unexpectedly, we found that the surface densities of k(b) and d(b) on c57bl/6 mouse hepatocytes are nearly as high as on splenocytes, as are the lysate concentrations of mrna ...	2005	16002705
invariant v alpha 14+ nkt cells participate in the early response to enteric listeria monocytogenes infection.	invariant valpha14(+) nkt cells are a specialized cd1-reactive t cell subset implicated in innate and adaptive immunity. we assessed whether valpha14(+) nkt cells participated in the immune response against enteric listeria monocytogenes infection in vivo. using cd1d tetramers loaded with the synthetic lipid alpha-galactosylceramide (cd1d/alphagc), we found that splenic and hepatic valpha14(+) nkt cells in c57bl/6 mice were early producers of ifn-gamma (but not il-4) after l. monocytogenes infec ...	2005	16002715
effect of inoculum size on the combined temperature, ph and aw limits for growth of listeria monocytogenes.	the growth/no growth responses of listeria monocytogenes inoculated at four levels (0.90, 2.58, 4.20 and 6.81 log cfu/well; 300 microl medium/well) into tryptic soy broth (tsb) were monitored at different combinations of temperature (4 to 30 degrees c), ph (3.76 to 6.44) and aw (0.888 to 0.997) for 60 days. the study was conducted in 96-well microtiter plates and growth was monitored visually and by recording the turbidity of the medium with an automated microplate reader. the growth limits of t ...	2005	16005535
treatment of brain abscess due to listeria monocytogenes.		2005	16007552
role of flif and flii of listeria monocytogenes in flagellar assembly and pathogenicity.	flagellar structures have been shown to participate in virulence in a variety of intestinal pathogens. here, we have identified two potential flagellar genes of listeria monocytogenes: lmo0713, encoding a protein similar to the flagellar basal body component flif, and lmo0716, encoding a protein similar to flii, the cognate atpase energizing the flagellar export apparatus. expression of flif and flii appears to be downregulated at 37 degrees c, like that of flaa, encoding flagellin. by construct ...	2005	16113269
pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a vaccine strain of listeria monocytogenes that relies on a suicide plasmid to supply an essential gene product.	listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that elicits a strong cellular immune response and thus has potential use as a vaccine vector. an attenuated strain, l. monocytogenes dal dat, produced by deletion of two genes (dal and dat) used for d-alanine synthesis, induces cytotoxic t lymphocytes and protective immunity in mice following infection in the presence of d-alanine. in order to obviate the dependence of l. monocytogenes dal dat on supplemental d-alanine yet retain its attenuation an ...	2005	16113297
sex-dependent susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes infection is mediated by differential interleukin-10 production.	it is well documented that sex-dependent factors affect susceptibility to infection, with most mouse models demonstrating higher resistance in females. we made the unexpected observation that infection with the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes showed an opposite pattern in several commonly used inbred mouse strains: female c57bl/6j, balb/c, c3h/hen, and cba/j mice were significantly more susceptible to listeria infection. the pronounced sensitivity of females to listeria, which was ...	2005	16113316
the mycobacterium tuberculosis esat-6 homologue in listeria monocytogenes is dispensable for growth in vitro and in vivo.	esat-6 is a virulence determinant in mycobacterium tuberculosis and a member of a conserved group of proteins in a variety of other bacteria. a targeted deletion of the homologous gene in listeria was generated, and in contrast to that observed for mycobacteria, this locus was not required for listeria virulence.	2005	16113338
involvement of reactive oxygen intermediate in the enhanced expression of virulence-associated genes of listeria monocytogenes inside activated macrophages.	listeriolysin o encoded by 1,587 bp hly is the essential virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes that replicates in the cytosolic space after escaping from phagosome of macrophages. by using murine macrophage-like j774.1 cells with or without activation by ifn-gamma plus lps, the expression of both hly and its positive regulator prfa was monitored by means of rt-pcr. in activated j774.1 cells, the level of hly expression was enhanced although the multiplication of bacteria was significantly s ...	2005	16113511
listeria hijacks the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery to invade mammalian cells.	the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes uses the surface protein inlb to invade a variety of cell types. the interaction of inlb with the hepatocyte growth-factor receptor, met, is crucial for infection to occur. remarkably, the ubiquitin ligase cbl is rapidly recruited to inlb-activated met. recent studies have shown that ligand-dependent endocytosis of met and other receptor tyrosine kinases is triggered by monoubiquitination of the receptor, a process that is mediated by cbl. here, we s ...	2005	16113677
a study on inhibitory effects of siğla tree (liquidambar orientalis mill. var. orientalis) storax against several bacteria.	in this study, siğla (liquidambar orientalis mill.) storax (styrax) was investigated for antibacterial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. brevis, b. cereus, b. megaterium, b. subtilis, corynebacterium xerosis, enterobacter aerogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, klebsiella pneumoniae, listeria monocytogenes, micrococcus luteus, mycobacterium smegmatis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, p. fluorescens, staphylococcus aureus a ...	2005	16114094
intracellular bacteria differentially regulated endothelial cytokine release by mapk-dependent histone modification.	epigenetic histone modifications contribute to the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. the role of epigenetic regulation in immunity to intracellular pathogens is poorly understood. we tested the hypothesis that epigenetic histone modifications influence cytokine expression by intracellular bacteria. intracellular listeria monocytogenes, but not noninvasive listeria innocua, induced release of distinct cc and cxc chemokines, as well as th1 and th2 cytokines and growth factors by endothe ...	2005	16116170
in vivo generation of pathogen-specific th1 cells in the absence of the ifn-gamma receptor.	the precise mechanisms that govern the commitment of cd4 t cells to become th1 or th2 cells in vivo are incompletely understood. recent experiments demonstrate colocalization of the ifn-gammar chains with the tcr during activation of naive cd4 t cells, suggesting that association of these molecules may be involved in determining lineage commitment. to test the role of ifn-gamma and its receptor in the generation of th1 ag-specific cd4 t cells, we analyzed mice after infection with listeria monoc ...	2005	16116201
listeria monocytogenes phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c has evolved for virulence by greatly reduced activity on gpi anchors.	listeria monocytogenes phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) plays a critical role in escape of this human pathogen from host cell vacuoles. unlike classical bacterial pi-plcs, the l. monocytogenes enzyme has very weak activity on glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins. previous crystal structure analysis has revealed that a small beta-strand (vb) is present in bacillus cereus pi-plc and is absent in the enzyme from l. monocytogenes. this vb beta-strand in b. cereu ...	2005	16118276
behavior of listeria monocytogenes in ph-modified chicken salad during refrigerated storage.	the growth and inactivation kinetics of l. monocytogenes were evaluated at ph 4.0, 4.6, and 5.2 during storage at 5.0 degrees c, 7.2 degrees c, and 21.1 degrees c (41 degrees f, 45 degrees f, and 70 degrees f). using commercially produced pasteurized chicken salad, the authors adjusted the ph levels with acetic acid or sodium acetate. samples of 25 g each of the ph-modified salad were inoculated to approximately 1 x 10(6) cells per gram with a three-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes and stored ...	2005	16121485
unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice.	single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnt) are new materials of emerging technological importance. as swcnt are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. we demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of swcnt elicited unusual pulmonary effects in c57bl/6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. a dose-dependent increase in the protein, ldh, and gamma-glutam ...	2005	15951334
accelerated cd8+ t-cell memory and prime-boost response after dendritic-cell vaccination.	efficient boosting of memory t-cell numbers to protective levels generally requires a relatively long interval between immunizations. decreasing this interval could be crucial in biodefense and cancer immunotherapy, in which rapid protective responses are essential. here, we show that vaccination with peptide-coated dendritic cells (dcs) generated cd8+ t cells with the phenotype and function of memory cells within 4-6 d. these early memory cd8+ t cells underwent vigorous secondary expansion in r ...	2005	15951824
the increase in mucin exocytosis and the upregulation of muc genes encoding for membrane-bound mucins induced by the thiol-activated exotoxin listeriolysin o is a host cell defence response that inhibits the cell-entry of listeria monocytogenes.	in vivo listeria monocytogenes infection results in the massive release of mucus by goblet cells into the lumen of the intestine. we have previously reported that apical infection by l. monocytogenes is followed by listeriolysin o (llo)-dependent stimulation of mucus exocytosis, and the upregulation of the muc genes. here, we report that l. monocytogenes egd wild-type bacteria enter cultured human polarized, mucin-secreting, ht29-mtx cells apically by an inla-dependent mechanism. the llo-induced ...	2005	15953034
comparison of the microflora on organically and conventionally grown spring mix from a california processor.	considerable speculation has occurred concerning the potential for higher numbers of foodborne pathogens on organically grown produce compared with produce not grown organically. the microflora composition of spring mix or mesclun, a mixture of multiple salad ingredients, grown either by organic or conventional means was determined. unwashed or washed spring mix was obtained from a commercial california fresh-cut produce processor who does not use manure in their cultivation practices. fifty-fou ...	2005	15954699
influence of dietary vitamin e on behavior of listeria monocytogenes and color stability in ground turkey meat following electron beam irradiation.	there is growing concern that the free radical scavenging effect of antioxidants added to meats might reduce the antimicrobial effectiveness of ionizing radiation. a study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin e on the behavior (growth) of listeria monocytogenes and color stability in turkey meat following electron beam irradiation. raw ground turkey breast meat from birds fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100, and 200 iu/kg of vitamin e was inoculated with a five-strain mixture o ...	2005	15954702
evaluation of gaseous chlorine dioxide as a sanitizer for killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and yeasts and molds on fresh and fresh-cut produce.	gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was evaluated for effectiveness in killing salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut lettuce, cabbage, and carrot and salmonella, yeasts, and molds on apples, peaches. tomatoes, and onions. inoculum (100 microl, ca. 6.8 log cfu) containing five serotypes of salmonella enterica, five strains of e. coli o157:h7, or five strains of l. monocytogenes was deposited on the skin and cut surfaces of fresh-cut vegetables, dried for 30 min ...	2005	15954704
raw and processed fish show identical listeria monocytogenes genotypes with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a total of 257 raw fish samples at two different sites were examined for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. the prevalence of l. monocytogenes was 4%. from 11 positive samples, nine different l. monocytogenes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes were recovered. from nine pulsotypes recovered from raw fish and 32 pulsotypes shown by 101 fish product isolates, two raw fish and fish product pulsotypes were indistinguishable from each other. although the prevalence of l. monocytogenes in ...	2005	15954713
avirulence of viable but non-culturable listeria monocytogenes cells demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo models.	the virulence of viable but non-culturable (vbnc) cells of 4 strains of listeria monocytogenes was investigated in both a human adenocarcinoma cell line (ht-29) and a mouse model. lo 28, atcc 19115 and cnl 895807 strains of listeria monocytogenes became vbnc when incubated in microcosm water at 20 degrees c and scott a strain at 4 degrees c. no culturable bacteria were detected in the vbnc state, although 104 active cells/ml were found by the direct viable count (dvc) and ctc-dapi double stainin ...	2005	15955283
declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm.	to measure the decline rates of zoonotic agents introduced into liquid livestock wastes in on-farm storage tanks.	2005	15960665
shelf life and safety aspects of chilled cooked and peeled shrimps (pandalus borealis) in modified atmosphere packaging.	to evaluate the growth of listeria monocytogenes and shelf life of cooked and peeled shrimps in modified atmosphere packaging (map).	2005	15960666
occurrence of sublethal injury after pulsed electric fields depending on the micro-organism, the treatment medium ph and the intensity of the treatment investigated.	the objective was to investigate the occurrence of sublethal injury after pulsed electric field (pef) depending on the treatment time, the electric field strength and the ph of the treatment media in two gram-positive (bacillus subtilis ssp. niger, listeria monocytogenes) and six gram-negative (escherichia coli, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella serotype senftenberg 775w, salmonella serotype typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica) bacterial strains.	2005	15960669
an extract from teak (tectona grandis) bark inhibited listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.	the aim of this study was to characterize the inhibitory mechanism in teak (tectona grandis) bark and to determine its effectiveness against listeria monocytogenes and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa).	2005	15960759
"lanespector", a tool for membrane proteome profiling based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis: application to listeria monocytogenes membrane proteins.	proteomics is required to provide insight into any type of subproteome. while the workflow based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-d page) can be applied for many subproteomes and comprises well-established strategies for data presentation and data analysis, the comprehensive investigation of membrane proteomes remains a challenging task. we present a number of procedures that provide an insight into such systems. we have established a novel protocol for the efficient prep ...	2005	15966022
prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in 13 dried sausage processing plants and their products.	the aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in dried sausage processing plants on surfaces before and during processing, (ii) to study the contamination in meat and sausages at different stages of maturation, (iii) to assess the distribution of l. monocytogenes in the different plants and products studied. thirteen dried sausage processing plants were sampled at two different times of the working day. the studies were repeated twice to evaluate ...	2005	15925005
cytotoxic activity of murine resident peritoneal cells against listeria monocytogenes-infected hepatocytes in vitro.	sterile immunity to the gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes critically depends on cytotoxic cd8+ t lymphocytes. however, the cytotoxic cell population able to kill infected cells before specific t cells are generated is not well characterised. based on histological observations and the use of monoclonal antibodies abrogating the cd11b/cd18-dependent cellular influx into infected organs as well as granulocyte-depleting antibodies, some authors favour pmns as b ...	2005	15925534
survival of listeria monocytogenes on fresh and frozen strawberries.	cut or intact surfaces of fresh strawberries were spot inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of nalidixic-acid resistant listeria monocytogenes (10(6) (low inoculum) and 10(8) (high inoculum) cfu per three-berry sample). inoculated strawberries were dried for 1 h at 24 degrees c and were stored in loosely closed containers at 4 or 24 degrees c. an initial population reduction of approximately 0.6 and 1.2 log cycles, high and low inoculum, respectively, was observed on intact but not cut berries ...	2005	15925709
cell division theory and individual-based modeling of microbial lag: part i. the theory of cell division.	this series of two papers deals with the theory of cell division and its implementation in an individual-based modeling framework. in this first part, the theory of cell division is studied on an individual-based level in order to learn more about the mechanistic principles behind microbial lag phenomena. while some important literature on cell division theory dates from 30 to 40 years ago, until now it has hardly been introduced in the field of predictive microbiology. yet, it provides a large ...	2005	15925713
synergism between active listeriolysin o and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide to activate cd8(+) t cells.	purified recombinant listeriolysin o (llo) was assessed for its ability to induce t cell responses in mice. intraperitoneal immunisation with llo, as a fusion with glutathione-s-transferase (gst), induced the production of llo-specific cd8(+) t cells, but not llo-specific cd4(+) t cells. the generation of this response could be blocked by pre-treatment with cholesterol, indicating a requirement for llo pore formation. an increase in the llo-specific response of both cd8(+) and cd4(+) t cells cou ...	2005	15927321