Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [specific and non-specific host defense system against hepatitis a virus (hav) and mechanism of hav infection]. | 2004 | 15453362 | |
| the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in amman, jordan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has emerged as an important public health problem in many countries of the middle east region and jordan is no exception. from january 1991 to december 2001, a total of 1015 patients were diagnosed at al-battikhi medical laboratories. samples were collected at seventeen private laboratories distributed throughout areas of the governorate of amman (capital of jordan). a significant variation (p=0.03) was obtained between number of hav cases and year. seasonal variation in ... | 2004 | 15460523 |
| vulnerability of drinking-water wells in la crosse, wisconsin, to enteric-virus contamination from surface water contributions. | human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. in the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of la crosse, wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of mississippi river water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. from march 2001 to february 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeli ... | 2004 | 15466536 |
| [spread of viruses through the food chain]. | food associated viruses are responsible for a high number of infectious diseases in man, mainly gastroenteritis and hepatitis. the three most important viral agents are noroviruses (nv) (formerly known as norwalk-like viruses), rotavirus (rv) and hepatitis a-virus (hav). the numbers of infections in man were in 2002 according to the robert koch-institut for nv and rv 50,000, respectively, and for hav 1,500, slightly decreasing in 2003. the rate of foodborne infections caused by viruses can only ... | 2004 | 15469057 |
| hepatitis a virus attachment to agri-food surfaces using immunological, virological and thermodynamic assays. | this study was designed to investigate the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) to attach to various food contact surfaces. | 2004 | 15479407 |
| detection of infectious hepatitis a virus by integrated cell culture/strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a novel integrated cell culture/strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was established for detection of infectious hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2004 | 15479428 |
| [seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis a in the community of madrid during the year 2002]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a representative population sample to determine who can benefit from vaccination strategies and to investigate the age limit at which previous hav antibody screening is not required. | 2004 | 15482685 |
| molecular and serologic tracing of a transfusion-transmitted hepatitis a virus. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) via blood transfusion has not been evidenced by molecular tracing so far. | 2004 | 15504159 |
| diagnostic relevance of immunoglobulin g avidity for hepatitis a virus. | diagnosis of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is based on the detection of hav immunoglobulin m (igm). however, igm could be detected due to nonspecific polyclonal activation of the immune system. an avidity test for anti-hav igg was developed to distinguish acute infection, where low-avidity antibodies are detected, from immune reactivation. the assay was tested on 104 samples, including 11 sera from patients with past infection, 15 sera from patients with acute infection and 4 collected ... | 2004 | 15528704 |
| [immunological safety and sensitizing effect of an mb-7-based vaccine against hepatitis a]. | the influence of a vaccine based on the mb-7 strain of hepatitis a virus (vp-mb-7) designed at the "vector" center of virology and biotechnology was studied. vp-mb-7 was found to provoke no allergic response and to have an activating effect on the specific and non-specific responses of cell and humoral immunity similar to those evoked by hepatitis a vaccine "hep-a-in vac". | 2004 | 15529858 |
| [safety research of a vaccine preparation in hepatitis a derived from the mb-7 rapidly growing strain]. | a study was undertaken to prove that a vaccine drug based on the fast-growing mb-7 (mb-7 vd) of hepatitis a virus (hav) is safe. it was established that mb-7 vd, when once injected to white outbred mice and when 4 times injected to hartley guineas pigs, did not cause any hematological and biochemical changes in the peripheral blood or in the condition of the central nervous system of experimental animals, which shows that mb-7 vd is free of any toxic properties. | 2004 | 15529865 |
| immunogenicity of booster vaccination with a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine after primary immunization with an aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis a vaccine. | increasing numbers of individuals are traveling to areas of high hepatitis a endemicity and require immunization against the hepatitis a virus (hav). the option of using a virosomal, aluminum-free, hav vaccine (epaxal) for booster immunization following primary vaccination with an aluminum-adsorbed vaccine has been assessed. | 2004 | 15541221 |
| rescue of hepatitis a virus from cdna-transfected but not virion rna-transfected mouse ltk- cells. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has stringent replication requirements and a restricted host-range. mouse ltk- cells do not support growth of hav upon infection or transfection of virion rna. however, low levels of hav were rescued from ltk- cells transiently transfected with its infectious cdna. ltk- stable transfectants that expressed hav antigens and produced infectious hav were selected and termed ltk-pjh15 cells. after a few serial passages, hav became undetectable in the ltk-pjh15 cells. multiple ... | 2004 | 15045562 |
| a population-based seroprevalence study of hepatitis a virus using oral fluid in england and wales. | population-based seroprevalence studies provide important data on susceptible groups and the potential for future outbreaks. however, the invasive nature of serum collection has limited studies. this paper describes the first postal population-based survey using noninvasive oral fluid technology to collect antibody prevalence data in conjunction with extensive risk factor data to assess the distribution of immunity to common viral infections in england and wales. these results pertain to hepatit ... | 2004 | 15051588 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and adherence with hepatitis a vaccination among drug users. | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended in drug users (dus) because this population has a very high prevalence of hepatitis c virus, and additional infection with hav can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. the efficacy of hepatitis a vaccine (1440 elisa units), in terms of immunogenicity, reactogenicity and compliance among 44 heroin dus using a 0-6 month schedule was investigated. three subjects (6.8%) experienced adverse reactions. after the first dose of hepatitis a vaccine ... | 2004 | 15072811 |
| hepatitis a virus receptor blocks cell differentiation and is overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. | the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccrcc) are not well understood. we aimed to identify new molecular markers to provide insight into these processes. | 2004 | 15086915 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in children, in edirne, turkey. | turkey is a middle endemic area with respect to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. however, the frequency of this infection varies due to socio-economic differences in various regions. the aim of this study was to detect the most likely age of exposure to hav and factors affecting infection rates among children living in edirne. a sample of 645 children between the ages of 0-19 living in edirne were tested for total anti-hav levels using elisa method. a questionnaire on socio-economic status (se ... | 2004 | 15117122 |
| age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a infection among children visited in pediatric hospitals of tehran, iran. | hepatitis a is an enterically transmitted disease that still remains endemic in many developing countries. in some countries improvements in living conditions have recently led to changing in epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. in our country there are very few reports on prevalence of hav infection. | 2004 | 15117123 |
| hepatitis a virus and injecting drug misuse in aberdeen, scotland: a case-control study. | to describe an epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among injecting drug users in aberdeen, scotland. a case-control study to determine whether transmission was facilitated by poor personal hygiene or through sharing injecting equipment. cases were more likely to report not washing their hands after using the toilet [odds ratio (or) = 12.9, 95% confidence interval (ci) = 1.58-105.89] or before preparing food (or = 4.0, 95% ci = 1.01-15.8), and less li ... | 2004 | 15117332 |
| interference of hepatitis a virus replication by small interfering rnas. | the rate of acute liver failure due to hepatitis a virus (hav) has not decreased, and therapy of severe infections is still of major interest. using a dna-based hav replicon cell culture system, we demonstrate that small interfering rnas (sirnas) targeted against viral sequences or a reporter gene contained in the viral genome specifically inhibit hav rna replication in huht7 cells. combinations of sirnas were more effective suppressors of hav rna replication. also, sirnas targeted against hav 2 ... | 2004 | 15120607 |
| pharmaco-economic evaluation of targeted hepatitis a vaccination for children of ethnic minorities in amsterdam (the netherlands). | estimate cost-effectiveness of vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) for children of ethnic minorities in amsterdam. | 2004 | 15121296 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in schoolchildren in catalonia (spain) after the introduction of universal hepatitis a immunization. | the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies (anti-hav) in schoolchildren in catalonia and to compare it with the rates found in previous studies. sera from a representative sample of 1,342 children aged between 6 and 15 years, recruited in 2001, were tested for anti-hav. the results were related to sociodemographic variables and vaccination history. the overall prevalence of anti-hav was 51.4%. the prevalence was 5.5% in non-vaccinated children, simila ... | 2004 | 15122789 |
| modelling effect of physical and chemical parameters on heat inactivation kinetics of hepatitis a virus in a fruit model system. | while thermal destruction of pathogenic bacteria has been thoroughly studied in food industry, heat inactivation of viruses in food has been poorly investigated. experiments were carried out to characterize the effects of controlled physical and chemical characteristics of a food matrix upon heat resistance parameters (d and z values) of hepatitis a virus (hav), taken as model because of its reported heat resistance. sucrose content (28-52 degrees brix), calcium concentration (90-1700 mg kg(-1)) ... | 2004 | 15135584 |
| developing and testing measures predictive of hepatitis a vaccination in a sample of men who have sex with men. | studies continue to show that the majority of men who have sex with men (msm) in the us remain unvaccinated against the hepatitis a virus (hav). such limited vaccination coverage is a missed opportunity to prevent disease. this study was designed to develop reliable and valid theory-based quantitative measures to understand beliefs and attitudes regarding hav vaccination among msm. a convenience sample of 358 patrons of two gay bars in birmingham, alabama, completed a theory-based questionnaire. ... | 2004 | 15140847 |
| concerns about infectious hepatitis and delacorte's welfare island fountain. | in 1969, philanthropist george t. delacorte donated a spectacular water fountain to new york city on the southern tip of welfare island. architects designed the fountain's jet geyser to pump a plume of water from the east river more than 400 feet into the air. public health experts feared that the water from the heavily polluted east river could be a possible source for the spread of infectious hepatitis. water droplets could be airborne by the prevailing winds to land on the densely populated e ... | 2004 | 15141899 |
| allergy, asthma and markers of infections among albanian migrants to southern italy. | studies of immigrants represent an useful tool to determine the relative relevance of environmental vs genetic factors in causing the reported rapid increase of the prevalence of sensitization and allergic diseases. | 2004 | 15147448 |
| stable seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in children during 1989-1999 in taipei, taiwan. | helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is thought to be acquired in childhood. the present study aimed to examine the changing seroepidemiology of h. pylori in children in the same area of taipei city during 1989-1999, and to try to elucidate the possible transmission route of h. pylori in children by comparing hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in taipei during the same decade. | 2004 | 15151548 |
| hepatitis a virus: molecular detection and typing. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading cause of viral hepatitis throughout the world. hav infection is mainly propagated via the fecal-oral route, and waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of the disease have been reported.hav, the prototype of the genus hepatovirus, belongs to the family picornaviridae. its 7.5-kb single-stranded rna genome bears different distinct regions: the 5' and 3' noncoding regions (ncr), the p1 region, which encodes the structural proteins vp1, vp2, vp3, and a pu ... | 2004 | 15156022 |
| molecular cloning, expression and purification of protein 2a of hepatitis a virus. | expression of the protein 2a of hepatitis a virus (hav), spanning amino acids 764 through 981 of the viral polyprotein results in a strong inhibition of cap-dependent translation (maltese et al., 2000). however, the molecular mechanism responsible has remained unclear, in part because the hav 2a protein was not available in amounts large enough to allow biological or structural studies. to address this issue, a cdna representation of the sequences encoding hav 2a was generated by pcr, using prim ... | 2004 | 15164619 |
| a comparison of rt-pcr-based assays for the detection of hav from shellfish. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of viral infection linked to shellfish consumption. the lack of correlation between the fecal coliform indicators and the presence of enteric viruses in shellfish and their harvesting waters points to the need for molecular methods to detect viruses. we compared two rt-pcr based techniques currently available for the detection of the hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish. both approaches involve extraction of viral particles by glycine buffer a ... | 2004 | 15164621 |
| genetic analysis of hepatitis a virus isolates from brazil. | a limited number of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates from south america have been characterised at the genomic level. igm anti-hav positive serum samples collected from patients with hepatitis a living in the five geographical regions of brazil (north, northeast, central, south, and southeast) were used to obtain hav isolates and determine their genetic relatedness. of the 232 case isolates, sequence data were obtained from the vp1/2a junction region of the hav genome. all isolates were classifi ... | 2004 | 15170631 |
| outbreak of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) associated with a foodhandler and confirmed by sequence analysis reveals a new hav genotype ib variant. | an outbreak of infection with hepatitis a virus associated with a foodhandler and involving 26 subjects occurred in southern italy. sequence analysis of the vp3-vp1 and vp1-p2a junctions confirmed that the outbreak was due to a point source and allowed the identification of a new genotype ib variant. this report confirms the usefulness of sequence-based molecular fingerprinting during outbreaks. | 2004 | 15184483 |
| acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | we describe the case of a 30-month-old boy who developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) after hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and ultimately died. as far as we know, this is only the second case of hav-associated adem to be reported in the literature. the child was brought to hospital with fever, lethargy and weakness of 2 days duration. he had developed jaundice, abdominal pain and malaise 2 weeks beforehand and these problems had resolved within 2 days. neurological examination ... | 2004 | 15186542 |
| rapid antibody response after vaccination with a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine. | this study was designed to assess the early antibody kinetics after a priming dose, and the extent of the antibody increase after a booster dose of an inactivated virosomal hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine (epaxal). | 2004 | 15188074 |
| helicobacter pylori and risk of gastroenteritis. | helicobacter pylori infection is thought to modify susceptibility to gastroenteritis. | 2004 | 15216465 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of bilive combined hepatitis a and b vaccine]. | to study the safety and immunogenicity of the bilive combined hepatitis a and b vaccine produced by sinovac biotech co., ltd. | 2004 | 15231119 |
| hepatitis a in hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border: the role of international travel and food-borne exposures. | hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border historically have had among the highest hepatitis a rates in the united states, but risk factors have not been well characterized. the objective of this study was to examine risk factors associated with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in hispanic children who live along the united states-mexico border in san diego county, california. | 2004 | 15231975 |
| assessment of hav and hev seroprevalence in children living in post-earthquake camps from düzce, turkey. | the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis among children living in post-earthquake camps, and to assess the efficacy of the measurements during and after the disaster in düzce and golyaka. in the second half of 1999, north-western turkey, was struck by two massive earthquakes in less than 3 months. the first, on 17 august 1999, involving golyaka, was struck, measuring between 7.4 and 7.8 on the richter scale. irregularity about providing clean wa ... | 2004 | 15233319 |
| hepatitis a outbreaks--methods of intervention in south-east asian countries. | in many asian countries, improved hygiene standards and socio-economic conditions have led to a reduction in exposure to the hepatitis a virus (hav) in childhood. however, the persistence of circulating hav may lead to hepatitis a outbreaks, particularly in adolescents and adults. in other countries and specific areas, where socio-economic conditions have not improved as markedly, hav endemicity remains medium-to-high. a systematic approach to outbreak control is therefore urgently needed. | 2004 | 15234323 |
| combined immunomagnetic separation-molecular beacon-reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of hepatitis a virus from environmental samples. | in this study, a molecular-beacon-based real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay was developed to detect the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in environmental samples. a 125-bp, highly conserved 5' noncoding region of hav was targeted. the sensitivity of the real-time rt-pcr assay was tested with 10-fold dilutions of viral rna, and a detection limit of 1 pfu was obtained. the specificity of the assay was demonstrated by testing with other environmental pathogens and indicator microorgan ... | 2004 | 15240322 |
| prevalence of previous hepatitis a virus infection in renal transplant patients with hepatitis c: evidence of persistent anti-hepatitis a virus immune response. | data concerning the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among kidney transplant recipients are scarce. there is little information concerning natural immunity acquired after acute hav infection. in most renal transplant recipients, anti-hav antibodies are not detectable after vaccination; it is reasonable to suppose that immunosuppressive therapy interferes with the immunity. the objective of this study was to evaluate, in an endemic area, the prevalence of anti-hav immunoglobulin (i ... | 2004 | 15251370 |
| time course of hepatitis a viremia and viral load in the blood of human hepatitis a patients. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common etiological cause of acute hepatitis infections in humans in industrialized countries. investigations into the viral load during hav viremia, however, are rare. therefore, correlation studies between viral load, biochemical, and specific serological markers have been undertaken. the group of sera comprised a series of multiple consecutive blood samples drawn from 11 patients at different times after onset of the disease. during the period up to 70 d ... | 2004 | 14635005 |
| assessment of different commercial rna-extraction and rt-pcr kits for detection of hepatitis a virus in mussel tissues. | in the present study, the efficiency of several nucleic acid extraction and rt-pcr commercial kits for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) from seeded mussel tissue samples was evaluated in comparison with the "in-house" method used currently in our laboratory. the best results were achieved with total quick rna cells & tissues version mini (talent) for rna extraction and the superscript one-step rt-pcr system (life technologies) for the rt-pcr reaction, obtaining a detection limit of 0.1-1 ... | 2004 | 14667533 |
| foodborne viruses: an emerging problem. | several groups of viruses may infect persons after ingestion and then are shed via stool. of these, the norovirus (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are currently recognised as the most important human foodborne pathogens with regard to the number of outbreaks and people affected in the western world. nov and hav are highly infectious and may lead to widespread outbreaks. the clinical manifestation of nov infection, however, is relatively mild. asymptomatic infections are common and may contribut ... | 2004 | 14672828 |
| use of reverse transcription and pcr to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major cause of infectious hepatitis worldwide. detection of hav in contaminated food or water is a priority research area in laboratories worldwide. our laboratory has reported previously the development of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) based detection and typing methods for hav in contaminated shellfish and produce. it is commonly held that rt-pcr can detect viral genome, but cannot distinguish between infectious and inactivated virus. the ... | 2004 | 14738986 |
| two years' prospective collection of molecular and epidemiological data shows limited spread of hepatitis a virus outside risk groups in amsterdam, 2000-2002. | we performed a viral sequencing study on samples representing all reported primary cases of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection reported for 2 years in amsterdam. two regions of hav rna were amplified, sequenced, and used for phylogenetic analysis. of 156 cases, strains of 104 isolates (66.6%) clustered into 3 genotypes: 1a, 1b, and 3. two separate transmission circles occurred, without mutual interrelation. in genotype 1a, 4 clusters occurred in men having sex with men (msm), and the fifth ... | 2004 | 14745705 |
| neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis a virus recovered by phage display. | four human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to hepatitis a virus (hav) were isolated from a phage-displayed antibody library constructed from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) of hav-immune donors. the four mabs showed differences in their affinity: two (ha6, ha9) of them were dominant after four rounds of panning, and showed higher affinity than the other two (ha1, ha12). all four mabs showed hav-neutralizing activity in radioimmunofocus inhibition assay and their neutralizing activity was po ... | 2004 | 14972527 |
| a novel cd4+ t-helper lymphocyte epitope in the vp3 protein of hepatitis a virus. | prediction analysis of th-cell epitopes in the vp3 capsid protein of the hepatitis a virus (hav) revealed the occurrence of a putative th epitope in the 102-121 region complying with all the algorithms tested. to confirm these predictions, spleen t lymphocytes obtained from balb/c mice previously immunised with hav, were stimulated in vitro with different concentrations of synthetic peptides 102-121 and 110-121 of vp3. the ability of these peptides to stimulate cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes prolifer ... | 2004 | 14981753 |
| hepatitis in albanian children: molecular analysis of hepatitis a virus isolates. | hepatitis a is a common disease in developing countries and albania has a high prevalence of this disease associated to young age. in spite of the occurrence of a unique serotype there are different genotypes classified from i to vii. genotype characterisation of hav isolates circulating in albania has been undertaken, as well as the study of the occurrence of antigenic variants in the proteins vp3 and vp1. to evaluate the genetic variability of the albanian hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates, sam ... | 2004 | 14981754 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e infection and their determinants in adult chinese community in hong kong. | current epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in hong kong was evaluated in 936 adult chinese subjects recruited through a telephone interview in 2001. some 15% of the subjects had igg antibodies to both hav and hev while 665 (71.0%) and 176 (18.8%) had anti-hav and anti-hev, respectively. age was the most significant independent factor. six hundred thirty-eight (79.8%) and 165 (20.7%) subjects aged > or =30 had anti-hav and anti-hev, respectively, as compared with ... | 2004 | 14981755 |
| hepatitis a transmitted by food. | hepatitis a is caused by hepatitis a virus (hav). transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an hav-infected person or by ingestion of hav-contaminated food or water. foodborne or waterborne hepatitis a outbreaks are relatively uncommon in the united states. however, food handlers with hepatitis a are frequently identified, and evaluation of the need for immunoprophylaxis and implementation of control measures are a considerable burden on public health resources. ... | 2004 | 14986256 |
| effect of maternal antibody on immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in infants. | to determine the effect of maternal antibody on hepatitis a vaccine immunogenicity in infants. study design infants of mothers negative for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav; group 1) were administered hepatitis a vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and infants of anti-hav-positive mothers were randomized to receive either hepatitis a vaccine (group 2) or hepatitis b vaccine (group 3) on the same schedule. group 3 infants subsequently received hepatitis a vaccine at 8 and 10 months of ag ... | 2004 | 15001936 |
| tim-1, a novel allergy and asthma susceptibility gene. | atopic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, are caused by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. although the prevalence of these diseases has risen dramatically over the past two decades, it has been difficult to identify the underlying causes of these diseases due to the complex interplay between the genetic and environmental factors involved. using a congenic mouse model of asthma, we simplified this complex trait and identified the nove ... | 2004 | 15007635 |
| hep dart 2003: frontiers in drug development for viral hepatitis. | the biannual hep dart conference in hawaii provided an intimate setting for members of the viral hepatitis community to exchange ideas and information. the leaders in clinical research and drug development gathered with scientists to discuss the recent advances in a field dedicated to understanding and treating hepatitis. the topics ranged from the basic science of pathogenesis and therapeutic models, to the next generation of hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus inhibitors, to the important therap ... | 2004 | 15013947 |
| high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a and e viruses and viremia of hepatitis b, c, and d viruses among apparently healthy populations in mongolia. | the prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus (hav), hbv, hcv, hdv, and hev was evaluated in 249 apparently healthy individuals, including 122 inhabitants in ulaanbaatar, the capital city of mongolia, and 127 age- and sex-matched members of nomadic tribes who lived around the capital city. overall, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in 24 subjects (10%), of whom 22 (92%) had detectable hbv dna. surprisingly, hdv rna was detectable in 20 (83%) of the 24 hbsag-positive subjects. ... | 2004 | 15013993 |
| mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis a virus in water by chlorine dioxide. | in this study, to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) by chlorine dioxide, cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and long-overlapping rt-pcr were used to detect the infectivity, antigenicity, and entire genome of hav before and after disinfection. the results revealed the complete inactivation of infectivity after a 10-min exposure to 7.5mg of chlorine dioxide per liter; and the highest level of sensitivity in the 5'non-translated regions (5'ntr ... | 2004 | 15016528 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna in serum during the window period of infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading cause of clinically apparent viral hepatitis in many parts of the world, including developed and developing countries. only limited information is available regarding the seronegative viremic window that follows hav infection, and no systematic search has been reported for hav rna positive, igm anti-hav negative serum samples during hepatitis a outbreaks. | 2004 | 15018853 |
| [comparative antigenic activity of the hepatitis a inactivated vaccine among military personnel]. | 2004 | 15038272 | |
| [epidemiologic aspects of viral hepatitis a and vaccination]. | epidemiological problems connected with hepatitis a in twentieth century and in the first years of twenty-first were mentioned with special attention of self-limiting of cases in the periods of very high, high, medium, low and very low endemicity. decreasing of percentage of immunised persons was observed especially among children and young persons. it may be a cause in future of increasing of numbers of cases of hepatitis a even epidemics. therefore vaccination against hepatitis a some people i ... | 2004 | 15807158 |
| changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis a in children and adolescents in manisa, turkey. | hepatitis a virus (hav), being an enteric transmitting virus wide world, occurs mostly in children of developing countries. however, the virus has recently been seen in adolescents and young adults worldwide. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of the hav infection in children and adolescents in manisa, turkey, and to verify whether the increased incidence of hav infection in other parts of the world and turkey generally is also true for the area of manisa. | 2004 | 15660865 |
| declining hepatitis a seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is spread by faecal-oral contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. lifelong immunity is conferred by infection or vaccination, so anti-hav seroprevalence studies can be used to indicate which populations are susceptible to infection. seroprevalence rates are highly correlated with socioeconomic status and access to clean water and sanitation. increasing household income, education, water quality and quantity, sanitation, and hygiene leads to decreases in hav pre ... | 2004 | 15635957 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and adherence to a combined hepatitis a and b vaccine in illicit drug users. | the use of illegal drugs is associated with an increase in infective risk for the hepatitis viruses, against which the vaccination of drug users (dus) is recommended unanimously. the aim of the study was to determine tolerability, adherence and immune response of a combined vaccine providing dual protection against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). | 2004 | 15585047 |
| clinical epidemiology of fulminant hepatitis in japan before the substantial introduction of liver transplantation: an analysis of 1309 cases in a 15-year national survey. | background:: the low incidence of fulminant hepatitis (fh) makes it difficult to accurately assess its viral etiology and clinical characteristics. additionally, the therapeutic options for fh have markedly changed over the years because of the substantial introduction of living-donor liver transplantation. aim:: to analyze and summarize a large-scale national survey on fh in the pretransplantation era in japan. method:: an analysis of answers to an annual questionnaire sent to 313 centers for l ... | 2004 | 15588781 |
| autoimmune hepatitis--sequel of a relapsing hepatitis a in a 75-year-old woman. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a global cause of acute hepatitis. however, chronic hav infection is unlikely. nevertheless, there is some evidence that acute infection with hav may trigger chronic active hepatitis which fulfils the criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (aih). whether aih following hav infection is virus specific remains unclear. despite evidence that inherited factors may play a role in the development of autoimmunity after viral infection, the pathomechanism remains uncl ... | 2004 | 15557764 |
| genetic variability of hepatitis a virus isolates in rio de janeiro: implications for the vaccination of school children. | the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from high to intermediate endemicity in brazil, resulting in increased numbers of susceptible individuals and a greater potential for the emergence of outbreaks. universal vaccination against hav has been recommended for children, but updated sero-epidemiological data are necessary to analyze the level of natural immunity and to identify candidates for preventive measures. in addition, more molecular studies are necessary to chara ... | 2004 | 15558184 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and risk factors among day-care educators. | day-care centres play a role in the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav). up-to-date documentation on its seroprevalence and potential risk factors among day-care educators, who may be at risk for significant hav morbidity, is nevertheless lacking. the availability of a hepatitis a vaccine provides an additional opportunity for prevention in this population. to determine the seroprevalence of previous hav infection among day-care educators and to identify potential risk factors, we undertook ... | 2004 | 15559862 |
| influence of tnf gene polymorphism in patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is involved in liver damage, especially in fulminant hepatitis (fh). our previous data showed that the serum level of tnf-alpha was markedly increased in fh. to investigate the mechanism of the overproduction of tnf in fh patients, polymorphism of the tnf gene was studied. | 2004 | 15565405 |
| hepatitis a vaccine: indirect evidence of immune memory 12 years after the primary course. | vaccine-induced hepatitis a antibodies persist up to 10 years in adults, with mathematical models estimating further persistence up to 20-25 years. thirty-one adults received booster inoculations 12 years after their initial vaccination (havrix 720 el.u at months 0, 1, 6). at the time of booster inoculation, all still had detectable antibodies. all but one subject met pre-defined criteria for anamnestic response 14 days after the booster, and all subjects did so after 30 days. the subjects' geom ... | 2004 | 14695659 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in turkish and moroccan children in rotterdam. | seasonal fluctuations in hepatitis a have been observed in the netherlands related to turkish and moroccan children after visiting their home countries. this study determined the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies in turkish and moroccan children in rotterdam. a random sample was taken of children in rotterdam, aged 5-16 years, of turkish and moroccan origin, together with a random sample of native dutch children aged 5-7 and 14-16 years. blood was collected ... | 2004 | 14695660 |
| consumption of uncooked deer meat as a risk factor for hepatitis e virus infection: an age- and sex-matched case-control study. | it was reported previously food-borne transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) to humans from deer meat. the present study attempted to clarify whether eating uncooked deer meat is a major epidemiological risk factor for hev infection in kasai, a city in western japan. in total, 45 volunteer subjects with experience of eating raw deer meat were enrolled. an equivalent number of people from the same area who had never eaten raw deer meat served as controls. the subjects and controls had comparable ... | 2004 | 15258970 |
| immunity and exposure to hepatitis a virus in pre-adolescent children from a multi-ethnic inner city area. | seroprevalence data among ethnic minority groups within england and wales are rare. an opportunistic approach was taken to test residual oral fluid, collected from pre-adolescent school children from an ethnically diverse region of northwest england, for anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igg. individual data on ethnicity and country of birth were also available. of the 257 children who consented to participate, 62% were of south asian ethnic origin. the overall seroprevalence was 18.8%, higher than 1 ... | 2004 | 15259416 |
| in situ enzyme immunoassay for titration of a brazilian hepatitis a virus strain (haf-203). | hepatitis a virus (hav) replicates relatively slowly in cell culture without a cytopathic effect, a fact that limits the use of tissue culture assays. the radioimmunofocus assay is the standard method for hav titration, although it is labor intensive and requires the use of radioisotopes. a simple, rapid and objective infectivity assay based on an in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia) is described here for a brazilian cell culture-adapted hav strain (haf-203). the assay uses a peroxidase-labeled poly ... | 2004 | 15264009 |
| [exploring the possibility of a relationship between polymorphism in tim-1 and allergic asthma in children of the hans from hubei province of china]. | to investigate two polymorphism sites of exon 4 in t cells, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-1 (tim-1, also human hepatitis a virus cellular receptor-1) and to detect whether they are associated with allergic asthma in children of the hans in hubei province of china. | 2004 | 15300647 |
| comparison of different primer sets for the rt-pcr detection of hepatitis a virus and astrovirus in mussel tissues. | in the present study, the efficiency of several primer sets for the rt-pcr detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) and astrovirus from both crude viral extracts and experimentally infected shellfish tissues was evaluated. differences were observed depending on the primer set employed in the sensitivity of amplification of both viral types. for hav primers, hav240/hav68 yielded the higher sensitivity: showing a detection limit of 0.02-0.1 infectious particles/microl or mg of tissue (either crude ext ... | 2004 | 15318498 |
| inhibitors of 3c cysteine proteinases from picornaviridae. | the picornaviridae are among the smallest icosahedral positive-sense single stranded rna containing viruses known, and comprise one of the largest and most important families of human and animal pathogens. the hepatitis a virus (hav) and human rhinovirus (hrv) are important pathogens that belong to the picornavirus family. all picornaviruses have a 3c proteinase that processes an initially biosynthesized precursor protein and is crucial for viral maturation and replication. although it is a cyst ... | 2004 | 15320724 |
| survival and persistence of norovirus, hepatitis a virus, and feline calicivirus in marinated mussels. | noroviruses (nv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are foodborne enteric viruses associated with outbreaks of disease following consumption of raw or lightly cooked bivalve shellfish. marinated mussels are a popular delicacy, but there is no published information on whether enteric viruses survive the marination process. the survival and persistence of hav, nv, and a surrogate calicivirus, feline calicivirus (fcv), in marinated mussels over time was determined. nv, hav, and fcv were inoculated into ma ... | 2004 | 15330543 |
| capsid region involved in hepatitis a virus binding to glycophorin a of the erythrocyte membrane. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has previously been reported to agglutinate human red blood cells at acidic phs. treatment of erythrocytes with different enzymes and chemical reagents indicated that hav attachment is mediated through an interaction with sialylglycoproteins. hav hemagglutination could be blocked by incubating the virus with glycophorin a, indicating that this sialylglycoprotein is the erythrocyte receptor. the number of receptors used was estimated to be around 500 per cell. at the same ... | 2004 | 15331714 |
| hepatitis a virus immunity and seroconversion among contacts of acute hepatitis a patients in amsterdam, 1996-2000: an evaluation of current prevention policy. | we evaluated the hepatitis a virus (hav) control policy (hygienic precautions and passive immunization with immune globulin) for "household contacts" (defined as all people who lived in the same house and who shared the same toilet with the patient, people who took care of an hav-infected child, and sexual partners of the patient) of acute hepatitis a patients between 1996 and 2000. | 2004 | 15333325 |
| a randomized, open-label study of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of three lots of a combined typhoid fever/hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults. | travelers are often advised to receive both the typhoid fever and hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines, particularly when going to areas where the 2 diseases are endemic. thus, combined administration of these vaccines could make immunization more acceptable by reducing the number of injections needed. | 2004 | 15336473 |
| [baculovirus expression of two human recombinant neutralizing igg monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis a virus]. | to develop human recombinant neutralizing igg monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) by baculovirus expression system. | 2004 | 15340519 |
| development of homologous viral internal controls for use in rt-pcr assays of waterborne enteric viruses. | enteric viruses often contaminate water sources causing frequent outbreaks of gastroenteritis. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays are commonly used for detection of human enteric viruses in environmental and drinking water samples. rt-pcr provides a means to rapidly detect low levels of these viruses, but it is sensitive to inhibitors that are present in water samples. inhibitors of rt-pcr are concentrated along with viruses during sample processing. while procedures ... | 2004 | 15350731 |
| thrombocytopenia in hepatitis a--an atypical presentation. | acute hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus (hav) is usually a benign self-limiting disease during childhood. autoimmune manifestations are rare with acute hav, especially in children. we report an 8-year-old boy with severe thrombocytopenia as an initial manifestation of acute hav infection. bone marrow examination suggested peripheral destruction of platelets. his clinical course was complicated by persistent severe thrombocytopenia and progressive cholestasis requiring prednisolone therapy. | 2004 | 15357567 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in children with biliary atresia. | this study aimed at identifying the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in children with biliary atresia (ba). blood samples were collected from children with ba whom had undergone portoenterostomy and attended the pediatric liver clinic, king chulalongkorn memorial hospital between may 2002 and may 2003. seventy-seven patients, 45 females and 32 males, ages ranging from 0.2-19 years (mean +/- sd = 5.9 +/- 4.6 years) were enrolled in the study. the hav seropositivity rate of patients ... | 2004 | 15916098 |
| should one vaccinate patients with chronic liver disease for hepatitis a virus in india? | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended worldwide for patients with chronic liver disease to prevent decompensation due to superinfection with hav. india being endemic for hav, the prevalence of pre-existing antibodies against hav due to subclinical exposure to the virus in childhood among patients with chronic liver disease may be high and, therefore, vaccination may not be needed. however, little data are available on the prevalence of hav antibody among patients with chronic liver ... | 2004 | 15909855 |
| is vaccination against hepatitis a virus required in patients with cirrhosis of the liver? | hepatitis a virus (hav) superinfection can cause decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease. the risk of hav superinfection depends on the endemicity of hav in that particular population. recommendations of vaccination against hav in patients with cirrhosis of the liver in india are lacking. our aim was to assess the seroprevalence of anti-hav antibodies in our population of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. in a retrospective analysis, the serum of 55 patients with cirrhosis of t ... | 2004 | 15912973 |
| [characteristics of cellular immunity in children with acute viral hepatitis a]. | to study the populational composition of lymphocytes and the specific features of production of cytokines in children with acute viral hepatitis a (avha). | 2003 | 14708438 |
| immunogenicity and safety of two doses of a paediatric hepatitis a vaccine in thai children: comparison of three vaccination schedules. | as fewer children in thailand are exposed to hepatitis a virus (hav) and so do not have seroprotective anti-hav antibodies, they are becoming an important source of hav transmission. a flexible hav vaccination schedule would facilitate incorporation of the vaccine into existing immunization programmes, and we compared the immunogenicity and safety of three hav immunization schedules. an open, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in which healthy children were given a primary dose of the in ... | 2003 | 14725410 |
| our experience with fulminant hepatic failure in turkish children: etiology and outcome. | fulminant hepatic failure is a rare and devastating event during childhood. the etiology of liver failure is reported to change according to age and geographical location. we aimed to investigate, retrospectively, causes and outcome of fulminant hepatic failure in turkish children. thirty-four children with fulminant hepatic failure were analysed by means of etiology and outcome. etiological factor, clinical presentation, encephalopathy stage and biochemical parameters were correlated with outco ... | 2003 | 14725414 |
| epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the mediterranean basin. | the prevalence of viral hepatitis is high and remains a serious public health challenge throughout the world. new molecular biology techniques provided a better understanding of the viruses over the last decades. novel therapeutic options seem to be promising but preventing measures including donor screening, immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv), universal use of disposable syringes and implementation of better hygienic conditions play a major role in the cont ... | 2003 | 14737935 |
| measuring the impact of hepatitis a virus in chinese cities: a life table approach. | the infection of hepatitis a virus is an important public health problem in china. in 1990, a survey on seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis a was conducted in eight large cities of population size between one to four million. the results were used to analyze the impact of hepatitis a. in our study, we used life table techniques to determine the impact that the hepatitis a virus (hav) has on these eight cities by computing the expected years of life with anti-hepatitis a virus. we compared the resul ... | 2003 | 15038682 |
| [risks associated with hepatitis infection in patients with hepatitis c and opportunities for prophylaxis]. | patients with chronic hepatitis c remain at risk of acquiring hepatitis a infection and additional liver injury. the estimated risk of hav infection in hcv patients is similar to that in general population but may be higher in anti-hcv positive drug users. despite some controversies available data indicate that hepatitis a infection is associated with much higher incidence of hepatitis fulminans and mortality rate in individuals with pre-existing liver disease. in poland about 60% of all hcv-inf ... | 2003 | 14682165 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis a in gdansk providence in years 1991-1993]. | epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a morbidity increase observed in years 1991-1993, in gdańsk province. | 2003 | 14682166 |
| [some clinical aspects of hepatitis a during the epidemiologic increase of morbidity in gdansk providence in the years 1991-1993]. | clinical analysis of hepatitis a cases among patients hospitalized during the last increase of morbidity, in years 1991-1993, in gdańsk province. | 2003 | 14682167 |
| a case of autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia following hepatitis a infection. | hepatitis a infection is known to induce autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. here we present a case with autoimmune hepatitis type i and autoimmune hemolytic anemia following hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. case: m.a., a male patient, was brought to the hospital with complaints of jaundice and malaise. physical examination revealed paleness and icterus. the liver was palpable 5 cm below the costal margin in the midclavicular line; the spleen was palpable 2 cm from the costal ... | 2003 | 14655068 |
| [food-borne human pathogenic viruses and their molecular detection with special consideration of noroviruses and hepatitis a virus in mussels]. | viruses are increasingly important as etiological agents of gastrointestinal infections. because of improved diagnostic methods, in particular, because of molecular biological techniques, viruses can be detected much more frequently as pathogens of foodborne diseases. apart from the hepatitis a virus (hav) the norovirus (nlv) is becoming more significant. on an international level methods are developed to detect the amount of viruses which minimise pcr inhibitors and which are applicable in rout ... | 2003 | 14655629 |
| a 25 kda cleavage product of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb) present in mouse tissues prevents ptb binding to the 5' untranslated region and inhibits translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genomic rna contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) which interacts with various cellular proteins and facilitates cap-independent translation. we report the interaction of a 25kda protein (p25), present in certain murine tissues and most abundantly in mouse kidney, with the hav 5'utr. this protein was found to be a cleavage product of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) and competed with it for binding to the h ... | 2003 | 14659561 |
| combined hepatitis a and b vaccines: a review of their immunogenicity and tolerability. | three combined hepatitis a and b vaccine preparations are commercially available in various countries: a two-dose paediatric formulation (ambirix) [administered at months 0 and 6-12]; and a three-dose adult (twinrix adult) or paediatric (twinrix paediatric) formulation (administered at months 0, 1 and 6). the adult vaccine provides consistent, marked immunogenicity which is at least similar to that of its constituent vaccines used together and with a tolerability profile that is possibly improve ... | 2003 | 14636084 |
| genetic variability of hepatitis a virus. | knowledge of the molecular biology of hepatitis a virus (hav) has increased exponentially since its identification. hav exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation to ensure survival, including mutation and genetic recombination. hav has been characterized by the emergence of different genotypes, three human antigenic variants and only one major serotype. this paper reviews the genetic variability and molecular epidemiology of hav. its evolutionary mechanisms are described with particular ... | 2003 | 14645901 |
| does infection with hepatitis a virus provide protection against hepatitis e virus? | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) share some common epidemiologic features, but the dramatic age-related difference in their disease prevalences suggests that the immune response to hav may provide some cross-protection against hev. | 2003 | 12581608 |
| persistence of hepatitis a virus in oysters. | we investigated the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) to persist for up to 6 weeks in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica). viral rna was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction 6 weeks after 16 h of exposure to 90,000 pfu (180 pfu/ml of seawater) of hav. assaying for infectious virus in oysters that received a daily feeding of phytoplankton recovered 3,800, 650, and 500 pfu of hav 1, 2, and 3 weeks after contamination with 90,000 pfu of hav, respectively. however, no inf ... | 2003 | 12597498 |