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studies of culture conditions and environmental stability of human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus that is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease. hmpv is difficult to cultivate and limited published data describe the in vitro growth characteristics of the virus and its ability to replicate in different cell lines. stability of hmpv to different temperatures or environmental conditions has not been described. nosocomial infections due to hmpv have been reported, and thus the survival of infectious particles on environmental surfaces is imp ...201020380856
prevalence of viral infection detected by pcr and rt-pcr in patients with acute exacerbation of copd: a systematic review.viruses are important aetiological agents of acute exacerbation of copd (aecopd). their reported prevalence varies from region to region. this systematic review calculated the prevalence of respiratory viral infections in aecopd.201020415983
a simple approach for preparing real-time pcr positive reaction controls for rare or emerging viruses.laboratories often have difficulties obtaining positive control material for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) diagnosis of rare or emerging viruses. this is particularly problematic during outbreaks caused by emerging infectious diseases, when delays can impede the public health response.201020417151
soluble recombinant human metapneumovirus g protein is immunogenic but not protective.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) expresses the major surface glycoproteins f and g. we evaluated the protective efficacy of immunization with g. we generated a recombinant form of g ectodomain (gdeltatm) that was secreted from mammalian cells and purified by affinity chromatography. we tested the immunogenicity of gdeltatm in cotton rats. animals were immunized with pbs, gdeltatm alone or adjuvanted, or were infected once with hmpv, and challenged with live hmpv at 28 days. animals vaccinated with a ...201020417260
human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children in amman, jordan.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has recently been identified as an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ari) in children worldwide. however, there is little systematic data on its frequency and importance as a cause of ari in the middle east. we conducted a viral surveillance study in children <5 years of age admitted with respiratory symptoms and/or fever at two major tertiary care hospitals in amman, jordan from 1/18-3/29/07. nose and throat swabs were collected and tested for hmpv an ...201020419816
detection of novel respiratory viruses from influenza-like illness in the philippines.several novel viruses have been recently identified in respiratory samples. however, the epidemiology of these viruses in tropical countries remains unclear. the aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new subtypes of human coronavirus (nl63 and hku1), ki virus, wu virus, and melaka virus in the philippines, a tropical country. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 465 patients with influenza- ...201020419824
[detection and clinical characterization of wu polyomavirus in acute respiratory tract infection in children].wu polyomavirus (wupyv), a new member of the genus polyomavirus in the family polyomaviridae, has been found to be associated with respiratory tract infections recently. but the role of the wupyv as agents of human disease remains uncertain. we sought to describe the detection and clinical characterization of wupyv in acute respiratory tract infection in children.201020426930
[analysis of viral etiology of severe pneumonia in infants and young children in chongqing area].to investigate the prevalence of viral infections and putative association of viral infection with illness severity in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in chongqing.201020426941
population-based incidence of human metapneumovirus infection among hospitalized children.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. population-based incidence rates and comprehensive clinical characterizations of disease have not been established.201020446850
breastfeeding is associated with the production of type i interferon in infants infected with influenza virus.breast milk-mediated protection against respiratory viruses is well established. however, protective mechanisms are unclear. type i interferons (ifn) mediate host defence against respiratory viruses, particularly influenza virus. the relationship among type i ifn, respiratory viral infections and breastfeeding has not been explored.201020456265
incidence and morbidity of human metapneumovirus and other community-acquired respiratory viruses in lung transplant recipients.to determine the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in respiratory tract infections (rtis) of lung transplant recipients, 60 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study spanning from september 2005 to november 2007. community-acquired respiratory viruses (carvs) were identified by polymerase chain reaction and tissue culture in respiratory secretions. of 112 rtis, 51 were associated with > or =1 carv, including 7 hmpv, 13 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 19 parainfluenza virus 1, 2, o ...201020456714
quantitative proteome profiling of respiratory virus-infected lung epithelial cells.respiratory virus infections are among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza (piv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of respiratory illness in humans. especially young children and the elderly are susceptible to infections with these viruses. in this study we aim to gain detailed insight into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory virus infections by studying the protein expression profiles of ...201020470912
human metapneumovirus subgroup changes and seasonality during epidemics.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and causes annual outbreaks in winter and spring seasons. we evaluated the subgroups of hmpv that caused annual outbreaks and its seasonal occurrence during a 21-year period.201020489673
viral etiology of severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children.pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood death in sub-saharan africa. comparative estimates of the contribution of causative pathogens to the burden of disease are essential for targeted vaccine development.201020501927
role of emerging respiratory viruses in children with severe acute wheezing.acute wheezing episodes are frequently associated with respiratory viral infections in children. however, the role of the recently described respiratory viruses is not yet fully understood.201020503284
viruses and atypical bacteria associated with asthma exacerbations in hospitalized children.objectives and working hypothesis: to evaluate the prevalence of respiratory viruses mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae and gain insight into their seasonal circulation pattern in children with acute asthma exacerbations in a temperate southern hemisphere region.201020503289
viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in alaska.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in alaska native children from the yukon kuskokwim (yk) delta is associated with a hospitalization rate five times higher than that reported for the general us child population. the role of other viral respiratory pathogens has not been studied in this population. yk delta children <3 years of age hospitalized with respiratory infections and same aged community control children were prospectively enrolled between october 2005 and september 2007. polymerase chain ...201020513097
[molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in shanghai.].to understand the clinical and molecular epidemiologic features of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti) from oct. 2006 to feb. 2008 in shanghai.201020513294
human metapneumovirus.respiratory tract infections (rti) are the leading cause of death in low-income countries and the second leading cause of death worldwide in children less than 5 years old. most rti are viral. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered in 2001 in routine viral cultures of respiratory specimens from children with rti and has been implicated as a common cause of rti in children and adults and a cause of severe disease in immunocompromised hosts. this article describes the microbiology, epidemiolo ...201020513544
severe human metapneumovirus pneumonia in a child with chronic illness. 201020522618
[detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia trachomatis and common respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection in nanjing].to investigate the nonbacterial pathogens in children with acute respiratory infection (ari) in nanjing.201020540855
comparison of virus isolation using the vero e6 cell line with real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus.the use of cell culture for the diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection is uncommon at present and molecular method such as reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) has been widely and most commonly used as the preferred test. we aimed to compare the results of virus isolation using vero e6 cells with real-time rt-pcr for the detection of hmpv, since such a comparison data is not available.201020546620
[bronchiolitis viruses].in normandy (france), human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was detected in 64.1% of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children, rhinovirus in 26.8%, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in 7.6%, and parainfluenza virus (piv) in 3.4%. the viruses causing acute bronchiolitis in the community were hrsv (42%), rhinovirus (19.5%), coronavirus (8%), piv (3.5%), and hmpv (2.5%). in 53.7% of the cases, hrsv infected infants (86.9%), 53.7% being less than 6 months of age. of the hrsv cases, 48.2% were dete ...201020558050
acute lower respiratory tract infections by human metapneumovirus in children in southwest china: a 2-year study.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been reported to cause both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases in susceptible populations, particularly in children and the elderly. in this study, we describe a hospital-based epidemiological study of hmpv in patients presenting to a children's hospital and show the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with hmpv infection in china, retrospectively. specimens were collected over a 2-year period from children hospitalized with acute lower re ...201020583291
the distinguishing features of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.acute respiratory tract infections (rtis) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the metapneumovirus genus within the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxoviridae family. though hmpv was only discovered in 2001, a large body of work has already shown that it is the aetiologic agent of a substantial proportion of upper and lower rtis across all age groups in both healthy and immunocompromised hosts throughout the world. rsv, also a ...201020586081
emerging viruses in transplantation.several viruses have recently gained importance for the transplant recipient. the purpose of this review is to give an update on emerging viruses in transplantation.201020592533
prophylactic and therapeutic benefits of a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein of human metapneumovirus in a mouse model.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus causing acute respiratory tract infections in humans. the effects of a monoclonal antibody (mab 338, medimmune, inc.) directed against the hmpv fusion protein were assessed in vivo. different groups of balb/c mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 25 or 50mg/kg of mab 338 either 24h before or 48h after viral infection. lung samples were collected on days 5 and 42 after infection for determination of viral titers and histopathological changes ...201020619294
viral and mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia and novel clinical outcome evaluation in ambulatory adult patients in china.few studies have addressed the etiology and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) treated in an ambulatory setting. we investigated the etiology by the culture of mycoplasma pneumoniae, urine antigen testing of streptococcus pneumoniae and legionella pneumoniae, and dna or rna determination of eight kinds of respiratory virus dna or rna. an etiological diagnosis was made in 51.8% of 197 patients. the most common pathogens were m. pneumoniae (29.4%) followed by influenza virus a ...201020623362
detection of respiratory viruses and the associated chemokine responses in serious acute respiratory illness.a specific diagnosis of a lower respiratory viral infection is often difficult despite frequent clinical suspicion. this low diagnostic yield may be improved by use of sensitive detection methods and biomarkers.201020627924
epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections in a prospective cohort of infants and toddlers attending daycare.the epidemiology of respiratory tract infections (rtis) in a daycare cohort has not been explored using molecular techniques.201020650679
comparison of two commercial molecular assays for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses in clinical samples using two automatic electrophoresis detection systems.two molecular assays were compared with real-time rt-pcr and viral culture for simultaneous detection of common viruses from respiratory samples: a multiplex ligation-dependant probe amplification (mlpa) and a dual priming oligonucleotide system (dpo). in addition, the positive detections of mlpa and dpo were identified using two different automatic electrophoresis systems. a panel of 168 culture-positive and negative samples was tested by the molecular assays for the presence of influenza a and ...201020691735
measuring the physical cohesiveness of proteins using physical interaction enrichment.protein-protein interaction (ppi) networks are a valuable resource for the interpretation of genomics data. however, such networks have interaction enrichment biases for proteins that are often studied. these biases skew quantitative results from comparing ppi networks with genomics data. here, we introduce an approach named physical interaction enrichment (pie) to eliminate these biases.201020798171
the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide pam3csk4 modulates respiratory syncytial virus infection independent of tlr activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of acute respiratory disease in infants, immunocompromised subjects and the elderly. however, it is unclear why most primary rsv infections are associated with relatively mild symptoms, whereas some result in severe lower respiratory tract infections and bronchiolitis. since rsv hospitalization has been associated with respiratory bacterial co-infections, we have tested if bacterial toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists influence rsv-a2-gfp inf ...201020808895
[human metapneumovirus].respiratory viral infections are the most significant cause of increased mortality and morbidity especially in immunocompromised people. these infections are increasingly recognized as being the cause of the failure of a graft or the cause of death in both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. treatment with potent immunosuppressive medication is necessary for regulation in order to prevent rejection of solid organs and graft-versus-host disease. as a consequence of this ...201020809463
human metapneumovirus genotypes and severity of disease in young children (nā€‰=ā€‰100) during a 7-year study in dijon hospital, france.human metapneumovirus is a cause of respiratory tract infections at all ages. our objectives were to analyze the distribution of the a and b genotypes over 7 years in dijon and to investigate a possible association between hmpv genotypes and disease severity. during 2002-2009, we genotyped the 100 isolates from children <3 years old with hmpv. phylogenetic analysis indicated a change in the distribution of hmpv genotype over the years. severity was then measured by detailed clinical evaluation. ...201020827777
noninvasive monitoring of respiratory viruses in wild chimpanzees.to diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from taï national park, côte d'ivoire. samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (march 2004 and february 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (october 2004 and august 2005). fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) ...201020865440
molecular detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory disease in iran.viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. the implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. this study was undertaken on iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection.201020879092
longitudinal course of human metapneumovirus antibody titers and reinfection in healthy adults.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in adults and to determine the association between the levels of serum antibody titers and the susceptibility to reinfection. serum samples collected at the periodic occupational medical checkup for employees of a hospital were subjected to an elisa test. of the 289 subjects, 288 (99.7%) had hmpv antibody titers that were more than 1:100 in may 2006. the percentage of subjects with a titer of ā‰„ 3,20 ...201020981798
serologically defined human metapneumovirus in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. 201021030038
evaluation of commercial resplex ii v2.0, multicode-plx, and xtag respiratory viral panels for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in adults.commercial multiplex pcr panels for respiratory viruses (prv) have been recently developed. resplex ii panel v2.0 (qiagen), multicode-plx (eragen biosciences), and xtag (luminex) prv's were studied. all assays detect influenza a and b, adenovirus, parainfluenza 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus a and b, human metapneumovirus and human rhinovirus. the resplex ii additionally detects coronavirus (229e, oc43, nl63, hku1), coxsackie/echo virus, bocavirus and differentiates adenoviruses (b, e). the mu ...201021050809
association of human metapneumovirus with radiologically diagnosed community-acquired alveolar pneumonia in young children.to determine the involvement of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in childhood community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (caap) and compare the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of hmpv-associated caap and caap associated with other respiratory viruses.201019782998
human hepg2 cells support respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus replication.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial (rsv) virus cause mild to severe infections of the respiratory tract in all age groups. so far, several cell lines derived from respiratory tissues have been identified to support replication of both viruses. unfortunately, titers attained during replication differ between the both viruses within one cell line despite equal infection conditions, on the one hand giving raise to the assumption that the individual susceptibility may vary ...201019799934
respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants.to investigate the prevalence of 14 viruses in infants with bronchiolitis and to study demographic and clinical differences in those with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus (hbov) and rhinovirus (rv) infection.201019822538
human metapneumovirus m2-2 protein inhibits viral transcription and replication.m2-2 protein of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is encoded by one of two overlapping open reading frames within m2 mrna. the precise function of hmpv m2-2 protein remains unknown. we here examined effect of m2-2 protein on hmpv transcription and replication using a minigenome construct and monitoring luciferase reporter gene expression. the minigenome assays demonstrated that m2-2 protein inhibited both transcription and rna replication. the inhibitory function of m2-2 protein was completely abroga ...201019913636
development and evaluation of a whole virus-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus antibodies in human sera.to apply serological testing for human metapneumovirus (hmpv) to large-scale sera samples, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed in which purified virions were used as the antigen. the elisa was evaluated using 102 human sera specimens from patients aged 0-59 years. there was a positive association between the elisa results and neutralization test titers, with the correlation coefficients being greater in children <6 years old (rho=0.899, p<0.0001), which is consistent with ...201019925829
[epidemiological and clinical description of human metapneumovirus infectious diseases in children].human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently identified respiratory virus, is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection in children during winter. the aims of this study were to outline epidemiological and clinical presentations of hmpv infectious diseases in young children.201019932012
sole pathogen in acute bronchiolitis: is there a role for other organisms apart from respiratory syncytial virus?acute bronchiolitis (ab) is a common disease of young children with peak incidence during the winter season. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major causative organism, yet recent relatively small sized studies have suggested an increased role of other organisms as sole or codetected organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sole- and mixed-organisms infections in hospitalized children with ab, using combined antigen-based and polymerase chain reaction assays (pcr).201019935450
generation of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of human metapneumovirus in baculovirus for detecting antibodies in the beijing population.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with respiratory infections in both adults and children. recombinant nucleocapsid (n) proteins of hmpv from two major groups of hmpv in beijing with a 6x his-tag at the c terminus were constructed in a baculovirus and expressed in transfected sf21 insect cells. the antigenicity and specificity of the expressed recombinant proteins were examined by immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. preliminary use of the expressed proteins for antibody detec ...201019937067
viral pathogens including human metapneumovirus are the primary cause of febrile respiratory illness in hiv-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy.to determine the spectrum of pathogens causing acute febrile respiratory illness in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults, we re-analyzed data from a prospective surveillance study involving 50 outpatients (90% of whom received highly active antiretroviral therapy). nasopharyngeal samples were tested for 23 respiratory viruses by multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and for atypical bacteria by pcr. sputum cultures and serological testing were performed. v ...201019951142
human metapneumovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was described in 2001 and has been associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infection (urti and lrti, respectively), especially in children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised patients. the objective of this study was to identify hmpv as the etiological agent of acute respiratory infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) patients and to determine the clinical features of hmpv infection in these patients.201019878491
high seroprevalence of neutralizing capacity against human metapneumovirus in all age groups studied in bonn, germany.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections occur frequently despite high rates of perpetual seroprevalence for all age groups. analyses of approximately 2,000 archived, randomly selected serum samples demonstrated that neutralizing capacities remain high, with a minor decrease for individuals over 69 years of age, leading to the hypothesis that reinfections occur because humoral immune responses play minor roles in the clearance of hmpv infections.201020042516
cell type-specific recognition of human metapneumoviruses (hmpvs) by retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) and tlr7 and viral interference of rig-i ligand recognition by hmpv-b1 phosphoprotein.human metapneumoviruses (hmpvs) are recently identified paramyxoviridae that contribute to respiratory tract infections in children. no effective treatments or vaccines are available. successful defense against virus infection relies on early detection by germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors and activation of cytokine and type i ifn genes. recently, the rna helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) has been shown to sense hmpv. in this study, we investigated the abilities of two ...201020042593
pulmonary infection of mice with human metapneumovirus induces local cytotoxic t-cell and immunoregulatory cytokine responses similar to those seen with human respiratory syncytial virus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory-tract infection in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. virus-directed cellular immunity elicited by hmpv infection is poorly understood, in contrast to the phylogenetically and clinically related pathogen human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). in a murine model of acute lower respiratory-tract infection with hmpv, we demonstrate the accumulation of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-producing cd8+ t cel ...201020053825
hematopoietic cell transplantation and emerging viral infections.viral infections remain important causes of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. more recent developments in preparative regimens and graft manipulations, as well as the control of well-recognized post-transplant infections by the introduction of prophylaxis and preemptive strategies, have influenced the timing and the epidemiology of infections. as new pathogens, such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human bocavirus, human coronaviruses hcov-nl63 and hcov-hku1, h ...201020087928
[some considerations about the comparative study of diagnostic techniques for infections due to human metapneumovirus]. 201020097451
human metapneumovirus: an emerging respiratory pathogen.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important emerging respiratory pathogen, previously unreported in the emergency medicine literature. it is primarily associated with the clinical syndromes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. hmpv may predispose to bacterial pneumonia; coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus may lead to increased severity of clinical disease, and complications include asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. given its high prevalence and potential clinic ...201018584996
analysis of viral load in children infected with human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory pathogen responsible for disease and subsequent hospitalizations in young children around the world. the disease pathology, including how viral load correlates with respiratory disease severity, remains unclear. this study investigated the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of hmpv infections.201023056737
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.201021306574
influenza and other respiratory viruses in three central american countries.despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in central america, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.201021306576
effects of human respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 3 and influenza virus on cd4+ t cell activation by dendritic cells.background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), and to a lesser extent human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), re-infect symptomatically throughout life without antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete immunity. one causative factor is thought to be viral interference with dendritic cell (dc)-mediated stimulation of cd4+ t cells. methodology, principal findings: we infected human monocyte-derived dc with purified hrsv, hmpv, hpiv3, or influenza a virus ...201021124776
prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in children with wheezing in shiraz-iran.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection plays an important role in the pediatric respiratory infections. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma and wheezing with hmpv in hospitalized children. nasal pharyngeal swabs obtained from 120 children aged 1-60 months, hospitalized during a one year period, were tested for the hmpv by rt-pcr. hmpv was detected in 20 (16.6%) of patients suffering from wheezing. some patients in addition to wheezing had asthma 10.8%. this inf ...201021131706
endemicity of human metapneumovirus subgenogroups a2 and b2 in yamagata, japan, between 2004 and 2009.to clarify a longitudinal epidemiology,we isolated 280 hmpv strains from patients with acute respiratory infections in yamagata, japan, between 2004 and 2009.we observed that the high season for hmpv was from winter to spring (between january and may) and the low season was in the fall (around september and october). a further molecular analysis revealed that subgenogroup a2 (a2) strains were the most commonly isolated (151/280; 53.9%), followed by b2 (108/280; 38.6%) and b1 (19/280; 6.8%). our ...201021140598
molecular virology in the clinical laboratory.as one can see by the tests listed at www.amp.org, molecular diagnostic techniques have enabled the laboratory professionals to play an integral role in the identification and quantitation of viral infectious agents. viral loads can be determined for hiv, hbv, and hcv using a variety of molecular methods such as real-time pcr, tma, nasba, and bdna. determining the amount of viral particles in a sample can not only monitor the status and progression of the disease, but can also guide recommendati ...201021140798
the changing face of pediatric respiratory tract infections: how human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus fit into the overall etiology of respiratory tract infections in young children.lower respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. recent technological advances in the field of molecular biology have allowed virologists to detect many previously undetected viral pathogens. two of these, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), are of particular clinical interest to pediatric health care providers. this review discusses the most common viral respiratory infections in children, explores the role o ...201021165338
[human metapneumoviruses were isolated from infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing].to obtain isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains from clinical specimens collected from infants and children in beijing and to promote the investigation on this important respiratory pathogen.201021215024
impact of human metapneumovirus infection on in and outpatients for the years 2006-2008 in southern brazil.the human metapneumovirus (hmpv), member of the paramyxoviridae family, has been reported as an important agent involved with acute respiratory infections (aris). the aim of this study is to identify hmpv as the etiological agent of aris on in and outpatients in the city of curitiba, southern brazil, and describe clinical data of hmpv subtyping. a retrospective study was performed in 1,572 respiratory samples over a period of three years. hmpv was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase cha ...201021225198
humoral immunity to human metapneumovirus infection in adults.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a significant cause of respiratory illness in children and adults. presently, there are no human data regarding the role of antibody for protection against hmpv illness. therefore, we measured serum and nasal antibody titers against hmpv by eia and neutralization assay at baseline in hmpv infected adults compared with subjects who remained uninfected. antibody titers were also compared in patients with mild and severe illness. mean serum binding and neutralizing a ...201020003919
implementation of real-time rt-pcr for detection of human metapneumovirus and its comparison with enzyme immunoassay.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is responsible for outbreaks of bronchiolitis in winter and early spring in young children. due to the relatively recent discovery of hmpv, the diagnostic opportunities are limited, while differential diagnosis with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains important. we validated the rt-pcr by comparing various methods of rna extraction, one-step rt-pcr kits and primer-probe combinations. the optimized rt-pcr was evaluated using 47 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) co ...201020013132
estimates of individuals exposed to human metapneumovirus in a community-based taiwanese population in 1999.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infection worldwide. because little is known about the estimated level of exposure to hmpv in taiwan, data for 1999 are presented. one thousand one hundred twenty sera from otherwise healthy community-based subjects aged 1 month to 99 years were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the proportion of seropositive individuals was 68.1%. moreover, 53.2% of preschool children were seronegative, whereas 88.3% of sch ...201020112120
prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infection in china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a newly discovered paramyxovirus, has been associated with acute respiratory tract infections (artis). however, the prevalence and molecular characteristics of hmpv in china are still unclear.201020135829
integrated capillary electrophoresis microsystem for multiplex analysis of human respiratory viruses.we developed a two-layer, four-channel polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-capillary electrophoresis microdevice that integrates nucleic acid amplification, sample cleanup and concentration, capillary electrophoretic separation, and detection for multiplex analysis of four human respiratory viral pathogens, influenza a, influenza b, coronavirus oc43, and human metapneumovirus. biotinylated and fluorescently labeled double-stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) amplification products are generated ...201021114282
first report of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus co-infection in a 2-year-old kawasaki patient in iran.respiratory virus infections in children are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.201023113048
human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus: subtle differences but comparable severity.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory illness in children that can lead to hospitalization. our study was undertaken to further understand hmpv-associated illness, compare clinical characteristics of hmpv and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and establish the utility of routine screening for hmpv. we retrospectively identified hmpv-associated illnesses described among children with respiratory symptoms admitted to a tertiary care center in southeas ...201024470892
[an etiological study on acute respiratory infection among inpatient children in suzhou].to investigate the pathogen of children with acute respiratory infection (ari) in suzhou and to provide some evidences for clinical diagnosis and treatment.200920137465
an economical tandem multiplex real-time pcr technique for the detection of a comprehensive range of respiratory pathogens.this study used real-time pcr assays to screen small sample volumes for a comprehensive range of 35 respiratory pathogens. initial thermocycling was limited to 20 cycles to avoid competition for reagents, followed by a secondary real-time multiplex pcr. supplementary semi-nested human metapneumovirus and picornavirus pcr assays were required to complete the acute respiratory pathogen profile. potential pathogens were detected in 85 (70%) of pernasal aspirates collected from 121 children with acu ...200921994537
[human metapneumovirus].the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a new pneumovirinae related to the avian metapneumovirus type c. hmpv genome differs from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) genome by the gene order and the lack of nonstructural genes. two genetic sub-groups and four sub-types of hmpv are identified. hmpv infections evolve as regular winter outbreaks which have roughly the same size and overlaping rsv epidemics. among hospitalized children in caen, hmpv is detected in 9.7% of the cases after rsv (37%), ...200918515017
hospitalization rates for human metapneumovirus infection among 0- to 3-year-olds in gipuzkoa (basque country), spain.numerous studies have been published on human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection, but few have been population based. the main aim of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of hospitalization for community-acquired hmpv infection in infants and children aged <3 years. between july 2004 and june 2007, 796 episodes (742 patients) of community-acquired acute respiratory infection were hospitalized. hmpv was detected in 90 episodes (11.3%). fifty-nine episodes occurred in infants aged <1 year. ...200918419854
multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis.the aim of the study was to describe the frequency of viral pathogens and relative frequency of co-infections in nasal specimens obtained from young children with bronchiolitis receiving care at a children's hospital.200918785966
a scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults.the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a scoring system for the management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis.200918774249
detection of human metapneumovirus antigens in nasopharyngeal aspirates using an enzyme immunoassay.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in patients from all age groups.200919010729
infection with human metapneumovirus predisposes mice to severe pneumococcal pneumonia.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes respiratory tract infections. prior clinical studies have highlighted the importance of respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, in facilitating secondary bacterial infections and increasing host immunopathology. the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of initial viral infection with hmpv or influenza a virus followed by streptococcus pneumoniae superinfection 5 days later in a murine model. ...200919019962
low-ph triggering of human metapneumovirus fusion: essential residues and importance in entry.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a significant respiratory pathogen classified in the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxovirus family. recently, we demonstrated that hmpv f protein-promoted cell-cell fusion is stimulated by exposure to low ph, in contrast to what is observed for other paramyxovirus f proteins. in the present study, we examined the potential role of histidine protonation in hmpv f fusion and investigated the role of low ph in hmpv viral entry. mutagenesis of the three ectodoma ...200919036821
induced sputum in the diagnosis of childhood community-acquired pneumonia.the usefulness of induced sputum in searching for causative agents of pneumonia in children has not been studied.200919052043
rapid detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system-based multiplex pcr assay.acute viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of human disease. rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is important for providing timely therapeutic interventions. this study evaluated a new multiplex pcr assay (seegene inc., seoul, korea) for simultaneous detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using two primer mixes. the viruses included parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus 229e/nl63 and oc43, ade ...200919063921
genetic variability of human metapneumovirus isolated from chilean children, 2003-2004.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a significant cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in all age groups, particularly in children. two genetic groups and four subgroups of hmpv have been described. they co-circulate during an epidemic in variable proportions. the aims were to characterize the genotypes of hmpv recovered from children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection and to establish the molecular epidemiology of strains circulating in santiago of chile during a 2 ...200919107972
infection and maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells by human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza virus type 3.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are common, important respiratory pathogens, but hrsv has a substantially greater impact with regard to acute disease, long-term effects on airway function, and frequency of re-infection. it has been reported to strongly interfere with the functioning of dendritic cells (dc). we compared hrsv to hmpv and hpiv3 with regard to their effects on human monocyte-derived immature dc (idc ...200919128816
human bocavirus respiratory infections in children.human bocavirus (hbov) was recently identified in respiratory samples from patients with acute respiratory infections and has been reported in different regions of the world. to the best of our knowledge, hbov has never been reported in respiratory infections in brazil. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients aged <5 years hospitalized in 2005 with respiratory infections in ribeirão preto, southeast brazil, and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hbov. hbov-positive sampl ...200919134237
age-associated aggravation of clinical disease after primary metapneumovirus infection of balb/c mice.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with respiratory tract infections among children and adults. because hmpv induces significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly, a model of hmpv infection in aged balb/c mice was established. young (8 weeks old) and aged (18 months old) mice were intranasally inoculated with hmpv. the infected mice showed respiratory dysfunction, as measured by plethysmography, a marked loss in weight (up to 24%), and severe histopathological abnormalities includin ...200919144706
comparison of automated microarray detection with real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory viruses in specimens obtained from children.respiratory virus infections are a major health concern and represent the primary cause of testing consultation and hospitalization for young children. we developed and compared two assays that allow the detection of up to 23 different respiratory viruses that frequently infect children. the first method consisted of single taqman quantitative real-time pcr assays in a 96-well-plate format. the second consisted of a multiplex pcr followed by primer extension and microarray hybridization in an in ...200919158263
integrin alphavbeta1 promotes infection by human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes lower respiratory infections in children and adults worldwide. the hmpv fusion (f) protein is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein and major protective antigen. all hmpv f protein sequences determined to date contain an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence, suggesting that f engages rgd-binding integrins to mediate cell entry. the divalent cation chelator edta, which disrupts heterodimeric integrin interactions, inhibits infectivit ...200919164533
[construction of human metapneumovirus dna vaccine and study on its immune response in mice].to construct human metapneumovirus (hmpv) dna vaccines and evaluate the cellular and humoral immune response in mice.200920104747
comparison of clinical features of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections. 200919888849
[human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections in young children].human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered respiratory virus. hmpv, the second after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections mainly in infants and children. hmpv infections have been reported in many countries in all the world, in patients in every age and gender, but children under 5 years are most likely to be susceptible to infections caused by hmpv. the frequency of hmpv infections require hospitalization in this group is ...200919899593
study of human metapneumovirus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in egyptian adults.there is a deficiency in the data concerning the role of hmpv in lower respiratory tract infections in adults, and until now there has been no data available regarding the prevalence of hmpv in adults in our region. in the present study the association of hmpv with varieties of lower respiratory tract disorders in immunocompetent adult patients, either alone or with bacterial pathogens, has been highlighted. eighty-eight patients were included in the study. they included 46 males and 42 females ...200919903260
[prevalence and clinical features of human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection in suzhou area].to determine whether human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was circulating in suzhou area and the epidemiology and clinical features associated with hmpv infection.200919951497
[not only rsv can cause bronchiolitis in small children. human metapneumovirus maybe the the second most common cause]. 200919998817
human metapneumovirus infection in a cohort of young asymptomatic subjects.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described cause of respiratory infection. the purpose of this study was to to further the available information on the circulation of hmpv among young asymptomatic subjects. the epidemiology of hmpv was examined in a cohort of 73 university students during a winter season by using polymerase chain reaction. hpmv was detected in 3/73 (4.1%) asymptomatic subjects. phylogenetic analysis has shown that circulating viruses belonged to different hmpv sublinea ...200919845113
medical devices; immunology and microbiology devices; classification of respiratory viral panel multiplex nucleic acid assay. final rule.the food and drug administration (fda) is announcing the classification of the respiratory viral panel multiplex nucleic acid assay into class ii (special controls). the special controls that will apply to the device are three guidance documents entitled: "class ii special controls guidance document: respiratory viral panel multiplex nucleic acid assay," as applicable, "class ii special controls guidance document: testing for human metapneumovirus (hmpv) using nucleic acid assays," and as applic ...200919877377
viral entry mechanisms: the increasing diversity of paramyxovirus entry.the paramyxovirus family contains established human pathogens such as the measles virus and human respiratory syncytial virus, as well as emerging pathogens including the hendra and nipah viruses and the recently identified human metapneumovirus. two major envelope glycoproteins, the attachment protein and the fusion protein, promote the processes of viral attachment and virus-cell membrane fusion required for entry. although common mechanisms of fusion protein proteolytic activation and the mec ...200919878307
microneutralization assay for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies to human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered virus which causes respiratory illness in persons of all ages.200919818678
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