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temperate phages promote colicin-dependent fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.bacteria employ bacteriocins for interference competition in microbial ecosystems. colicin ib (colib), a pore-forming bacteriocin, confers a significant fitness benefit to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. tm) in competition against commensal escherichia coli in the gut. colib is released from s. tm into the environment, where it kills susceptible competitors. however, colicin-specific release proteins, as they are known for other colicins, have not been identified in case of colib. th ...201626439675
blu-ray optomagnetic measurement based competitive immunoassay for salmonella detection.a turn-on competitive immunoassay using a low-cost blu-ray optomagnetic setup and two differently sized magnetic particles (micron-sized particles acting as capture particles and nano-sized particles acting as detection particles) is here presented. for salmonella detection, a limit of detection of 8×10(4)cfu/ml is achieved within a total assay time of 3h. the combination of a competitive strategy and an optomagnetic setup not only enables a turn-on read-out format, but also results in a sensiti ...201626386328
mutagenicity of automobile workshop soil leachate and tobacco industry wastewater using the ames salmonella fluctuation and the sos chromotests.environmental management of industrial solid wastes and wastewater is an important economic and environmental health problem globally. this study evaluated the mutagenic potential of automobile workshop soil-simulated leachate and tobacco wastewater using the sos chromotest on escherichia coli pq37 and the ames salmonella fluctuation test on salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100 without metabolic activation. physicochemical parameters of the samples were also analyzed. the result of the ...201625187319
[clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal salmonella enteric infections in children: 2012-2014].to understand the clinical epidemiology and manifestation of nontyphoidal salmonella (nts)enteric infections and serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of nts in children.201627412737
a novel covalent approach to bio-conjugate silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes with antimicrobial peptide.due to increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts-ag) and antimicrobial peptides (aps) is becoming popular due to their antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. however, stability against various conditions and toxicity in human cells are some of the major drawbacks of aps and swcnts-ag, respectively. therefore, we hypothesized that aps-functionalized swcnts-ag could act synergistically. various covalent functionalization ...201627412259
unstable tandem gene amplification generates heteroresistance (variation in resistance within a population) to colistin in salmonella enterica.heteroresistance, a phenomenon where subpopulations of a bacterial isolate exhibit different susceptibilities to an antibiotic, is a growing clinical problem where the underlying genetic mechanisms in most cases remain unknown. we isolated colistin resistant mutants in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium at different concentrations of colistin. genetic analysis showed that genetically stable pmrab point mutations were responsible for colistin resistance during selection ...201627381382
the strains recommended for use in the bacterial reverse mutation test (oecd guideline 471) can be certified as non-genetically modified organisms.the bacterial reverse mutation test, commonly called ames test, is used worldwide. in japan, the genetically modified organisms (gmos) are regulated under the cartagena domestic law, and organisms obtained by self-cloning and/or natural occurrence would be exempted from the law case by case. the strains of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli recommended for use in the bacterial reverse mutation test (oecd guideline 471), have been considered as non-gmos because they can be constructed by ...201627350822
carbohydrate-binding specificities of potential probiotic lactobacillus strains in porcine jejunal (ipec-j2) cells and porcine mucin.bacterial lectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesins that recognize glycoreceptors in the gut mucus and epithelium of hosts. in this study, the contribution of lectin-like activities to adhesion of lactobacillus mucosae lm1 and lactobacillus johnsonii pf01, which were isolated from swine intestine, were compared to those of the commercial probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. both lm1 and pf01 strains have been reported to have good adhesion ability to crude intestinal mucus of pigs. to confirm t ...201627350617
genotoxicity testing of persicariae rhizoma (persicaria tinctoria h. gross) aqueous extracts.persicariae rhizoma (pr) has been used as an anti-inflammatory and detoxification agent in korea, and contains the biologically active dyes purple indirubin and blue indigo. despite synthetic indigo showing genotoxic potential, thorough studies have not been carried out on the genotoxicity of pr. the potential genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of pr containing indigo (0.043%) and indirubin (0.009%) was evaluated using a standard battery of tests for safety assessment. the pr extract did not ind ...201627347027
synthesis, base pairing and structure studies of geranylated rna.natural rnas utilize extensive chemical modifications to diversify their structures and functions. 2-thiouridine geranylation is a special hydrophobic trna modification that has been discovered very recently in several bacteria, such as escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhimurium the geranylated residues are located in the first anticodon position of trnas specific for lysine, glutamine and glutamic acid. this big hydrophobic terpene functional gro ...201627307604
a safety evaluation of a nature-identical l-ergothioneine in sprague dawley rats.l-(+) ergothioneine is a naturally occurring thiol amino acid with antioxidant properties and potential benefits as a dietary supplement. despite its century-old identification and wide distribution in human food, little is known of its mechanism of action and safety. the nature-identical biomimetic of l-(+) ergothioneine, produced by mironova labs and supplied as mironova (egt+), has been investigated in the present studies for its mutagenic and toxicologic potential. in a plate incorporation a ...201627306320
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhea in beijing, china (2010-2014).diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children less than 5 years of age worldwide, and its causes vary by region. this study aimed to determine the etiologic spectrum, prevalent characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of common enteropathogenic bacteria from diarrheagenic children in beijing, the capital of china.201627303446
evaporation-induced stimulation of bacterial osmoregulation for electrical assessment of cell viability.bacteria cells use osmoregulatory proteins as emergency valves to respond to changes in the osmotic pressure of their external environment. the existence of these emergency valves has been known since the 1960s, but they have never been used as the basis of a viability assay to tell dead bacteria cells apart from live ones. in this paper, we show that osmoregulation provides a much faster, label-free assessment of cell viability compared with traditional approaches that rely on cell multiplicati ...201627303045
intranasal immunization with a peptide conjugated to salmonella flagellin induces both systemic and mucosal peptide-specific antibody responses in mice.in this study, the mucosal adjuvant activity of salmonella flagellin as a carrier in a conjugate of exp153-rflic was investigated. exp153-rflic was made by conjugation of a synthetic b-cell epitope peptide derived from plasmodium falciparum exported protein-1(exp153) to recombinant phase 1 flagellin of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressed in escherichia coli (rflic), and used to immunize balb/c mice via intranasal instillation. it was found that robust exp153-specific serum igg anti ...201627301339
heterologous expression of der homologs in an escherichia coli der mutant and their functional complementation.the unique escherichia coli gtpase der (double era-like gtpase), which contains tandemly repeated gtp-binding domains, has been shown to play an essential role in 50s ribosomal subunit biogenesis. the depletion of der results in the accumulation of precursors of 50s ribosomal subunits that are structurally unstable at low mg(2+) concentrations. der homologs are ubiquitously found in eubacteria. conversely, very few are conserved in eukaryotes, and none is conserved in archaea. in the present stu ...201627297882
structural flexibility of the periplasmic protein, flga, regulates flagellar p-ring assembly in salmonella enterica.a periplasmic flagellar chaperone protein, flga, is required for p-ring assembly in bacterial flagella of taxa such as salmonella enterica or escherichia coli. the mechanism of chaperone-mediated p-ring formation is poorly understood. here we present the open and closed crystal structures of flga from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, grown under different crystallization conditions. an intramolecular disulfide cross-linked form of flga caused a dominant negative effect on motility of the ...201627273476
2.3thz radiation: absence of genotoxicity/mutagenicity in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium.the mutagenicity and genotoxicity in bacteria of 2.3thz radiation (thz) produced by a free-electron laser (novofel) were evaluated; exposures were 5, 10, or 15min at average power 1.4w/cm(2). two ames mutagenicity test strains of salmonella typhimurium, ta98 and ta102, were used. for the genotoxicity test, we measured sos induction in escherichia coli pq37. no significant differences were found between exposed and control cells, indicating that thz radiation is neither mutagenic nor genotoxic un ...201627265378
a modular, tn7-based system for making bioluminescent or fluorescent salmonella and escherichia coli strains.our goal was to develop a robust tagging method that can be used to track bacterial strains in vivo to address this challenge, we adapted two existing systems: a modular plasmid-based reporter system (pcs26) that has been used for high-throughput gene expression studies in salmonella and escherichia coli and tn7 transposition. we generated kanamycin- and chloramphenicol-resistant versions of pcs26 with bacterial luciferase, green fluorescent protein (gfp), and mcherry reporters under the control ...201627260360
enhancement of the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of gnu7 against gram-negative bacteria by fusion with lps-targeting peptide.antimicrobial peptides (amps) provide a potential source of new antimicrobial therapeutics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens. to develop gram-negative selective amps that can inhibit the effects of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced sepsis, we added various rationally designed lps-targeting peptides [amino acids 28-34 of lactoferrin (lf28-34), amino acids 84-99 of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (bpi84-99), and de novo peptide (syn)] to the potent amp, gnu7 (rllrpllql ...201627242337
regulation of the two-component regulator cpxr on aminoglycosides and β-lactams resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the two-component signal transduction system cpxar is especially widespread in gram-negative bacteria. it has been reported that cpxar contributes to the multidrug resistance (mdr) in escherichia coli. cpxr is a response regulator in the two-component cpxar system. the aim of this study was to explore the role of cpxr in the mdr of s. enterica serovar typhimurium. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of various antibiotics commonly used in veterinary medicine for strains js (a multidrug- ...201627199934
the small rna dsra influences the acid tolerance response and virulence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the gram-negative, enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is exposed to various stress conditions during pathogenesis, of which acid stress serves as a major defense mechanism in the host. such environments are encountered in the stomach and salmonella containing vacuole of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. it is only recently that small rnas (srnas) have come to the forefront as major regulators of stress response networks. consequently, the srna dsra which r ...201627199929
antibacterial metabolites secreted under glucose-limited environment of the mimicked proximal colon model by lactobacilli abundant in infant feces.the most abundance of anti-salmonella lactic acid bacteria (lab) was found in feces of naturally born, exclusively breastfed thai infants. six strains of lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of lactobacillus paracasei were selected and identified. in the co-cultivation assay, l. plantarum subsp. plantarum i62 showed the strongest and broadest antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, salmonella paratyphi a, and salmonella typhimurium sa 2093 under the mimicked proximal ...201627188778
recent advances in the characterization of crl, the unconventional activator of the stress sigma factor σs/rpos.the bacterial rna polymerase (rnap) holoenzyme is a multisubunit core enzyme associated with a σ factor that is required for promoter-specific transcription initiation. besides a primary σ responsible for most of the gene expression during active growth, bacteria contain alternative σ factors that control adaptive responses. a recurring strategy in the control of σ factor activity is their sequestration by anti-sigma factors that occlude the rnap binding determinants, reducing their activity. in ...201627180360
toxicity and mutagenicity of low-metallic automotive brake pad materials.organic friction materials are standardly used in brakes of small planes, railroad vehicles, trucks and passenger cars. the growing transportation sector requires a better understanding of the negative impact related to the release of potentially hazardous materials into the environment. this includes brakes which can release enormous quantities of wear particulates. this paper addresses in vitro detection of toxic and mutagenic potency of one model and two commercially available low-metallic au ...201627179608
self-association motifs in the enteroaggregative escherichia coli heat-resistant agglutinin 1.the heat-resistant agglutinin 1 (hra1) is an integral outer membrane protein found in strains of escherichia coli that are exceptional colonizers. hra1 from enteroaggregative e. coli strain 042 is sufficient to confer adherence to human epithelial cells and to cause bacterial autoaggregation. hra1 is closely related to the tia invasin, which also confers adherence, but not autoaggregation. here, we have demonstrated that hra1 mediates autoaggregation by self-association and we hypothesize that a ...201627166217
isolation of lactic acid bacteria from swine milk and characterization of potential probiotic strains with antagonistic effects against swine-associated gastrointestinal pathogens.probiotics are usually isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. the search of probiotics in human milk is a recent field of research, as the existence of the human milk microbiome was discovered only about a decade ago. to our knowledge, no reports regarding the potential probiotic effect of bacteria from swine milk have been published. in this work, we isolated several lactic acid bacteria from swine milk and evaluated them for them potential as probiotics. among the isol ...201627149540
colistin resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates from a pig farm in great britain.the objective of this study was to characterize colistin-resistant bacteria isolated from pigs on a farm in great britain following identification of a plasmid-borne colistin resistance mechanism in escherichia coli from china.201627147305
detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in human and food isolates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli in england and wales.in response to the first report of transmissible colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene in escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from animals and humans in china, we sought to determine its presence in enterobacteriaceae isolated in the uk.201627090630
effect of dss on bacterial growth in gastrointestinal tract.inflammatory bowel disease is an idiopathic autoimmune disorder that is mainly divided into ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease. probiotics are known for their beneficial effect and used as a treatment option in different gastrointestinal problems. the aim of our study was to find suitable bacterial vectors for gene therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl7207 and escherichia coli nissle 1917 were investigated as potential vectors. our results show tha ...201627085009
using chemoattractants to lure bacteria to contact-killing surfaces.antimicrobial surfaces with covalently attached biocidal functionalities only kill microbes that come into direct contact with the surfaces (contact-killing surfaces). herein, the activity of contact-killing surfaces is shown to be enhanced by using gradients in the concentration of soluble chemoattractants (cas) to attract bacteria to the surfaces. two natural and nonbiocidal cas (aspartate and glucose) were used to attract bacteria to model surfaces decorated with quaternary ammonium groups (k ...201627059788
salmonella flagellin acted as an effective fusion partner for expression of plasmodium falciparum surface protein 25 in escherichia coli.plasmodium falciparum surface protein 25 (pfs25) is a hard-to-express and hard-to-solubilize protein in escherichia coli. to overcome this problem, the phase 1 flagellin of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (flic) was used as a fusion partner for pfs25. the fusion expression of pfs25 with flic greatly enhanced the expression level and solubility of pfs25 in e. coli bl21(de3). the ni-purified fusion protein of flic-pfs25 was recognized by two anti-pfs25 monoclonal antibodies. by comparison, ...201627058511
the effectors and sensory sites of formaldehyde-responsive regulator frmr and metal-sensing variant.the duf156 family of dna-binding transcriptional regulators includes metal sensors that respond to cobalt and/or nickel (rcnr, inrs) or copper (csor) plus cstr, which responds to persulfide, and formaldehyde-responsive frmr. unexpectedly, the allosteric mechanism of frmr from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is triggered by metals in vitro, and variant frmr(e64h) gains responsiveness to zn(ii) and cobalt in vivo here we establish that the allosteric mechanism of frmr is triggered directly ...201627474740
identification of lactic acid bacteria in fruit pulp processing byproducts and potential probiotic properties of selected lactobacillus strains.this study aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria (lab) in byproducts of fruit (malpighia glabra l., mangifera indica l., annona muricata l., and fragaria vesca l.) pulp processing. fifty strains of lab were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and 16s rrna gene sequence (16s rrna) analysis. species belonging to lactobacillus genus were the predominant lab in all fruit pulp processing byproducts. the average congruency betwe ...201627625647
parallel mutations result in a wide range of cooperation and community consequences in a two-species bacterial consortium.multi-species microbial communities play a critical role in human health, industry, and waste remediation. recently, the evolution of synthetic consortia in the laboratory has enabled adaptation to be addressed in the context of interacting species. using an engineered bacterial consortium, we repeatedly evolved cooperative genotypes and examined both the predictability of evolution and the phenotypes that determine community dynamics. eight salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains evolve ...201627617746
the mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the ames assay in strains ta98 and ta100.salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100 were used to assess the mutagenic potential of the aerosol from a commercially available, rechargeable, closed system electronic-cigarette. results obtained were compared to those for the mainstream smoke from a kentucky reference (3r4f) cigarette. two different test matrices were assessed. aerosol generated from the e-cigarette was trapped on a cambridge filter pad, eluted in dmso and compared to cigarette smoke total particulate matter (tpm), which ...201627908385
nitrobacter sp. extract mediated biosynthesis of ag2o nps with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial potential for biomedical application.in this study, extracellular extract of plant growth promoting bacterium, nitrobacter sp. is used for the bioconversion of agno3 (silver nitrate) into ag2o (silver oxide nanoparticles). it is an easy, ecofriendly and single step method for ag2o nps synthesis. the bio-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. uv-vis results showed the maximum absorbance around 450 nm. xrd result shows the particles to have faced centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nature. ftir analysis ...201627906145
computational determination of the effects of virulent escherichia coli and salmonella bacteriophages on human gut.salmonella and escherichia coli are different types of bacteria that cause food poisoning in humans. in the elderly, infants and people with chronic conditions, it is very dangerous if salmonella or e. coli gets into the bloodstream and then they must be treated by phage therapy. treating salmonella and e. coli by phage therapy affects the gut flora. this research paper presents a system for detecting the effects of virulent e. coli and salmonella bacteriophages on human gut.201627586477
a feed-forward loop between sroc and mgrr small rnas modulates the expression of eptb and the susceptibility to polymyxin b in salmonella typhimurium.base-pairing small rnas (srnas) regulate gene expression commonly by direct interaction with cognate mrnas. nevertheless, recent studies have expanded this knowledge with the discovery of the rna 'sponges' which are able to interact and repress the functions of classical base-pairing srnas. in this work, we present evidence indicating that the sponge rna sroc from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium base pairs with the mgrr srna, thereby antagonizing its regulatory effects on both gene expre ...201627571709
modeling optimal process conditions for uv-heat inactivation of foodborne pathogens in liquid foods.the combination of ultraviolet radiation and heat (uv-h treatment) has been demonstrated as a promising strategy to overcome the limited uv germicidal effect in fruit juices. nonetheless, there are so far no data regarding the efficacy of the combined process for the inactivation of bacterial foodborne pathogens in other liquid foods with different ph and composition. in this investigation, the optimum uv-h processing conditions for the inactivation of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, l ...201627554141
dairy propionibacterium extends the mean lifespan of caenorhabditis elegans via activation of the innate immune system.dairy propionibacterium freudenreichii is a candidate non-lactic acid probiotic. however, little information is available on the effect of p. freudenreichii on lifespan extension in humans. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of p. freudenreichii on lifespan extension and to elucidate the mechanism of p. freudenreichii-dependent lifespan extension in caenorhabditis elegans. the results showed that p. freudenreichii significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of c. elegans compar ...201627531646
impact of enrofloxacin and florfenicol therapy on the spread of oqxab gene and intestinal microbiota in chickens.horizontal transfer of plasmid-encoded multidrug-resistant determinants is a major health problem and has attracted much public attention. we studied the dissemination of the efflux pump gene oqxab located on transferable plasmid phxy0908 between salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli in the gut of chickens. after an inoculation with salmonella typhimurium harboring oqxab-bearing plasmid phxy0908, chickens were treated with enrofloxacin and florfenicol. inoculated, but non-treated chickens ...201627527758
distinct structural elements govern the folding, stability, and catalysis in the outer membrane enzyme pagp.the outer membrane enzyme pagp is indispensable for lipid a palmitoylation in gram-negative bacteria and has been implicated in resistance to host immune defenses. pagp possesses an unusual structure for an integral membrane protein, with a highly dynamic barrel domain that is tilted with respect to the membrane normal. in addition, it contains an n-terminal amphipathic helix. recent functional and structural studies have shown that these molecular factors are critical for pagp to carry out its ...201627525547
sos gene induction and possible mutagenic effects of freeze-drying in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium.we report the results of a study of the potential negative effects of the freeze-drying process, normally considered a benign means for long-term conservation of living cells and the golden standard in bacterial preservation. by monitoring gene induction using a whole-cell escherichia coli bioreporter panel, in which diverse stress-responsive gene promoters are fused to luminescent or fluorescent reporting systems, we have demonstrated that dna repair genes belonging to the sos operon (reca, sul ...201627510981
antibacterial, antibiofilm effect of burdock (arctium lappa l.) leaf fraction and its efficiency in meat preservation.first, the antibacterial, antibiofilm effect and chemical composition of burdock (arctium lappa l.) leaf fractions were studied. then, the efficiency of burdock leaf fractions in pork preservation was evaluated. the results showed that burdock leaf fraction significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm development of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. mics of burdock leaf fractions on e. coli and salmonella typhimurium were both 2 mg/ml. at a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml, the inhibition ...201627497128
detection of quinolone resistance in salmonella typhimurium pig isolates determined by gyra gene mutation using pcr- and sequence-based techniques within the gyra gene.the emergence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones among salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates leading to clinical failure of treatment poses a great therapeutic challenge.201627494067
an investigation of the mutagenic activity of salamide - a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide.hydrochlorothiazide is a widely used antihypertensive agent and one of its major impurities, salamide (4-amino-6-chlorobenzene-1,3-disulphonamide), has a chemical structure containing a primary amino group, a functional group that has previously been reported to be associated with carcinogenic activity. it is known that hydrochlorothiazide purity is a challenging problem for the pharmaceutical industry. as there were no prior mutagenicity data for the impurity salamide, the aim was to investigat ...201627790927
competitive survival of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium and shigella dysenteriae in riverbed sediments.studies on the survival of bacterial enteric pathogens in riverbed sediments have mostly focused on individual organisms. reports on the competitive survival of these pathogens in riverbed sediments under the same experimental setup are limited. we investigated the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium, vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae in riverbed sediments of the apies river. experiments were performed in flow chambers containing three sediment types and con ...201627193001
effect of small chain n acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing signals on biofilms of food-borne pathogens.quorum sensing or cell to cell communication which includes inter- and intra-cellular communication has been implicated in the production of virulence factor and formation of biofilm in food-borne pathogens. in the present study, the effect of quorum sensing signals on the biofilms of food-borne pathogens has been elucidated. n-butryl homoserine lactone and n-hexanoyl homoserine lactone belonging to acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) family of signaling molecules were investigated for their effect on ...201627777468
ha1-2-fljb vaccine induces immune responses against pandemic swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus in mice.in 2009, a novel pandemic swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus caused a public emergency of international concern. vaccination is the primary strategy for the control of influenza epidemics. however, the poor immunopotency of many vaccine antigens is a major barrier to the development of effective vaccines against influenza. flagellin, a toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) ligand, has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immunopotency of vaccines in preclinical studies. here, we developed a recombin ...201627721310
phenotype microarray analysis of the drug efflux systems in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.a large number of drug efflux transporters have been identified in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and increased expression of these transporters confers drug resistance in this organism. here we compared the respiration activities of the wild-type strain and a mutant with nine deleted transporters by phenotype microarray analysis. the mutant was susceptible to 66 structurally unrelated compounds including many antibiotics, dyes, detergents, antihistamine agents, plant alkaloids, antide ...201627210311
[active etiological surveillance for foodborne diseases in guangdong province, 2013-2014].objective: to study the infection status, serotypes, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of salmonella, shigella, vibrio parahemolyticus, enterotoxigenic escherichia (e.) coli (etec), pathogenic e. coli (epec), shiga toxin producing e. coli (stec) and enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) collected from diarrhea patients in guangdong. methods: the strains of salmonella, shigella, v. parahemolyticus and 4 kinds of e. coli isolated from foodborne diseases surveillance during 2013-2014 were colle ...201627765129
mutagenicity of cigarette butt waste in the bacterial reverse mutation assay: the protective effects of β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide.cigarette filters pose a serious litter and toxic waste disposal problem, because of their not biodegradability and to the leaching of toxins in the environment. therefore, cigarette butts need to be manipulated as special waste, with potential risks to human health and environment. in the present study, the genotoxic potential of a methanol extract from commonly discharged cigarette butts (cbe) was evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation assay on salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100 and es ...201625728712
rapid determination of β-lactam antimicrobial resistance in bacteria by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method.conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests (asts) are very time consuming and insufficiently precise to promptly select a proper antimicrobial treatment. this difficulty disrupts the management of infections and exacerbates the development of antimicrobial resistance. generally, antimicrobial resistance involves the chemical modification of an antimicrobial compound to an inactive form by an enzyme released by bacteria. this modification causes a structural change and is followed by a chara ...201627744479
anaerobic formate and hydrogen metabolism.numerous recent developments in the biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of formate and h2 metabolism and of the [nife]-hydrogenase (hyd) cofactor biosynthetic machinery are highlighted. formate export and import by the aquaporin-like pentameric formate channel foca is governed by interaction with pyruvate formate-lyase, the enzyme that generates formate. formate is disproportionated by the reversible formate hydrogenlyase (fhl) complex, which has been isolated, allowing biochemical d ...201627735784
general and genetic toxicology of enzyme-treated ginseng extract: toxicology of ginseng rh2.ginseng rh2+ is enzyme-treated ginseng extract containing high amounts of converted ginsenosides, such as compound k, rh2, rg3, which have potent anticancer activity. we conducted general and genetic toxicity tests to evaluate the safety of ginseng rh2+.201627695630
targeted cancer therapy using engineered salmonella typhimurium.obligate or facultative anaerobic bacteria such as bifidobacterium, clostridium, salmonella, or escherichia coli specifically colonize and proliferate inside tumor tissues and inhibit tumor growth. among them, attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) has been widely studied in animal cancer models and phase i clinical trials in human patients. s. typhimurium genes are easily manipulated; thus diverse attenuated strains of s. typhimurium have been designed and engineered as tumor-target ...201627689027
whole-genome sequencing identifies in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-carrying incfii transmissible plasmid as the cause of ceftriaxone treatment failure for an invasive salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection.we report a case of ceftriaxone treatment failure for bacteremia caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, due to the in vivo acquisition of a blactx-m-27-encoding incfii group transmissible plasmid. the original β-lactamase-susceptible isolate st882s was replaced by the resistant isolate st931r during ceftriaxone treatment. after relapse, treatment was changed to ciprofloxacin, and the patient recovered. isolate st931r could transfer resistance to escherichia coli at 37 ...201627671066
low doses of gamma-radiation induce sos response and increase mutation frequency in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium cells.this study addresses use of two bacterial test systems (the ames test and the sos chromotest) to estimate the effects of low doses of γ-radiation. the most substantial increases in induction of sos response and mutation frequencies were observed in the first 24h of exposure to γ-radiation as compared to the cells in the exposure-free control. gamma-radiation also impaired growth and survival of s. typhimurium cells in the first 24h. the effects were attenuated at lower exposure doses and at long ...201627639198
antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against enteric bacterial pathogens.the emergence of multi-drug-resistant enteric pathogens has prompted the scientist community to explore the therapeutic potentials of traditional foods and beverages. the present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of kombucha, a fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium followed by the identification of the antibacterial components present in kombucha. the antibacterial activity w ...201627638313
effectiveness of f18(+) fimbrial antigens released by a novel autolyzed salmonella expression system as a vaccine candidate against lethal f18(+) stec infection.porcine edema disease (ed) caused by shiga toxin 2e producing escherichia coli expressing f18ab(+) fimbriae (f18ab(+)stec) frequently occurs in post-weaned piglets, resulting in a significant economic loss in swine industries worldwide. in the present study, we proposed an efficient prevention scheme against ed in which the attenuated salmonella typhimurium inactivated by the e-mediated cell lysis to deliver target antigens, fedf and feda, which function in fimbrial-mediated adhesion and as a ma ...201627920758
determining the 95% limit of detection for waterborne pathogen analyses from primary concentration to qpcr.the limit of detection (lod) for qpcr-based analyses is not consistently defined or determined in studies on waterborne pathogens. moreover, the lods reported often reflect the qpcr assay alone rather than the entire sample process. our objective was to develop an approach to determine the 95% lod (lowest concentration at which 95% of positive samples are detected) for the entire process of waterborne pathogen detection. we began by spiking the lowest concentration that was consistently positive ...201627023926
[study of the prevalence of nosocomial infections and associated factors in the two university hospitals of lubumbashi, democratic republic of congo].to estimate the prevalence "on any given day" of nosocomial infections and to determine their associated factors. then, to estimate the prevalence of microorganisms responsible for nosocomial infections in lubumbashi, democratic republic of congo.201628154630
isolation, identification and screening of potential probiotic bacteria in milk from south african saanen goats.this study aimed to evaluate lactic acid bacteria isolates from saanen goats' milk for probiotic attributes, thereby determining their potential as direct-fed microbials for goats. isolates were identified using api 50ch system, 16s rdna sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. all 17 isolates obtained were identified as lactobacillus plantarum except one identified as pediococcus acidilactici. four isolates identified as l. plantarum (accessio ...201627981504
isolation, identification, and characterization of foodborne pathogens isolated from egg internal contents in china.eggs continue to be significant in terms of the world economy and human nutrition. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in a cross section of egg production types in china and to examine the virulence features of the isolated pathogens. three hundred eggs from three provinces were tested for salmonella , escherichia coli , staphylococcus aureus , and campylobacter . two eggs were positive for salmonella , one was positive for both e. coli and s. aureus , an ...201628221968
investigation of c-5 alkynyl (alkynyloxy or hydroxymethyl) and/or n-3 propynyl substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs as a new class of antimicrobial agents.the resurgence of mycobacterial infections and the emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently require a new class of agents that are distinct than current therapies. a group of 5-ethynyl (6-10), 5-(2-propynyloxy) (16, 18, 20, 22, 24), 5-(2-propynyloxy)-3-n-(2-propynyl) (17, 19, 21, 23, 25) and 5-hydroxymethyl-3-n-(2-propynyl) (30-33) derivatives of pyrimidine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated against mycobacteria [mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), mycobacterium bovis (bcg) and mycobac ...201627665179
effect of extracted galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides from pine wood (pinus brutia) on salmonella typhimurium colonisation, growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks.an in vitro and in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentability of isolated galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (ggms) and the influence of their feeding on shedding and colonisation of salmonella typhimurium, growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks. the in vitro data demonstrated that three probiotic lactic acid bacteria namely lactobacillus casei, l. plantarum and enterococcus faecium were able to ferment the extracted oligosaccharides and other tested sugars ...201627419477
a novel enterocin t1 with anti-pseudomonas activity produced by enterococcus faecium t1 from chinese tibet cheese.an enterocin-producing enterococcus faecium t1 was isolated from chinese tibet cheese. the enterocin was purified by sp-sepharose and reversed phase hplc. it was identified as unique from other reported bacteriocins based on molecular weight (4629 da) and amino acid compositions; therefore it was subsequently named enterocin t1. enterocin t1 was stable at 80-100 °c and over a wide ph range, ph 3.0-10.0. protease sensitivity was observed to trypsin, pepsin, papain, proteinase k, and pronase e. im ...201626745981
screening of the enterocin-encoding genes and antimicrobial activity in enterococcus species.in the current study, a total of 135 enterococci strains from different sources were screened for the presence of the enterocin-encoding genes enta, entp, entb, entl50a, and entl50b. the enterocin genes were present at different frequencies, with enta occurring the most frequently, followed by entp and entb; entl50a and l50b were not detected. the occurrence of single enterocin genes was higher than the occurrence of multiple enterocin gene combinations. the 80 isolates that harbor at least one ...201626907753
structure-based design of inhibitors of the crucial cysteine biosynthetic pathway enzyme o-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase.the cysteine biosynthetic pathway is of fundamental importance for the growth, survival, and pathogenicity of the many pathogens. this pathway is present in many species but is absent in mammals. the ability of pathogens to counteract the oxidative defences of a host is critical for the survival of these pathogens during their long latent phases, especially in anaerobic pathogens such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, trichomonas vaginalis, and salmonella typhimurium. all of these o ...201626303427
the bacterial ipra gene is conserved across enterobacteriaceae, is involved in oxidative stress resistance, and influences gene expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the ipra gene (formerly known as yaiv or stm0374) is located in a two-gene operon in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome and is associated with altered expression during spaceflight and rotating-wall-vessel culture conditions that increase virulence. however, ipra is uncharacterized in the literature. in this report, we present the first targeted characterization of this gene, which revealed that ipra is highly conserved across enterobacteriaceae we found that s typhimurium, esche ...201627246569
evaluation of the antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aloe fermentation supernatant containing lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1.little work is done to develop aloe vera (av) using probiotics. to explore the potential benefits, the antioxidant effects and the antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens of aloe fermentation supernatant were evaluated in vitro. our results indicated that the aloe fermentation supernatant fermented by lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1 had very strong scavenging capacities of the dpph (86%), o2 (•-) (85%), (•)oh (76%), and fe(2+) chelation (82%) and reducing powers (242.5 mg/l), and the inh ...201627493450
recovery estimation of dried foodborne pathogens is directly related to rehydration kinetics.drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. the aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter culture but not for different kinetics and not for pathogens. in the present study, the influence of rehydration kinetics was investigated for three fo ...201627494169
predictive model for growth of staphylococcus aureus on raw pork, ham, and sausage.recent staphylococcus aureus outbreaks linked to meat and poultry products underscore the importance of understanding the growth kinetics of s. aureus in these products at different temperatures. raw pork, ham, and sausage (each 10 ± 0.3 g) were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of s. aureus, resulting in an initial level of ca. 3 log cfu/g. samples were stored isothermally at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°c, and s. aureus was enumerated at appropriate time intervals. the square root mode ...201626735039
future of bacterial therapy of cancer.bacterial therapy of cancer has a centuries-long history and was first-line therapy at the hospital in new york city that would become memorial sloan-kettering cancer center, under dr. william b. coley. however, after coley's death in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer ceased in the clinic until the present century. clinical trials have been recently carried out for strains of the obligate anaerobe clostridium novyi with the toxin gene deleted, and on an attenuated strain of salmonella typhimuriu ...201626846811
combined effects of marinating and γ-irradiation in ensuring safety, protection of nutritional value and increase in shelf-life of ready-to-cook meat for immunocompromised patients.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining marinating and γ-irradiation at doses of 1, 1.5 and 3kgy on escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and clostridium sporogenes in raw meat packed under vacuum and stored at 4°c and to estimate its safety and shelf-life. further, the effect of combined treatments on sensorial, nutritional values (lipid oxidation, concentration of thiamin and riboflavin) and color was evaluated. the study demonstrated that the use of marinade i ...201627043970
antioxidant and in vivo genoprotective effects of phenolic compounds identified from an endophytic cladosporium velox and their relationship with its host plant tinospora cordifolia.tinospora cordifolia (willd. hook. f. & thomson; family: menispermaceae), has a long history of use in various traditional medicinal systems including "ayurveda". it is reported to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and antiinflammatory activities. t. cordifolia has also been well documented for production of various bioactive metabolites and their antioxidant activity, but the microorganisms associated with it have been least explored for the same properties.201627721051
[chronic salmonella typhimurium diarrhea in an immunocompetent patient].chronic diarrhea caused by infection in immunocompetent patients is an infrequent condition in developed countries, although certain pathogens,generally parasites (giardia lamblia, isospora belli,cryptosporidium, cyclospora, strongyloides, ameba,trichuris and schistosoma) and some bacteria (aeromonas,plesiomonas, campylobacter, clostridium difficile, salmonella or mycobacterium tuberculosis)can cause persistent diarrhea.we present the case of a patient who showed salmonella typhimurium in his st ...201627125610
host-microbiota interactions in the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diseases.improved understanding of the interplay between host and microbes stands to illuminate new avenues for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. here, we provide a high-resolution view of the dynamics between host and gut microbiota during antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota depletion, opportunistic salmonella typhimurium and clostridium difficile pathogenesis, and recovery from these perturbed states in a mouse model. host-centric proteome and microbial community profiles provide a nua ...201626832403
antimicrobial resistance patterns of enterobacteriaceae in european wild bird species admitted in a wildlife rescue centre.wild birds have been considered to be reservoirs of enteric human pathogens and vectors of resistance dissemination to the environment. during annual migration, they potentially play a role in the epidemiology of human associated zoonoses. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of enterobacteriaceae members isolated from cloacal swabs of common european wild birds. fifty-five cloacal swabs were taken during birds' entrance ev ...201627393875
mobilization of the salmonella genomic island sgi1 and the proteus genomic island pgi1 by the a/c2 plasmid carrying blatem-24 harboured by various clinical species of enterobacteriaceae.the objective of this study was to transfer the salmonella genomic islands (gis) sgi1 and sgi1-v and the proteus gi pgi1-pmesc to clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae harbouring an a/c2 plasmid.201627150396
acute infectious gastroenteritis potentiates a crohn's disease pathobiont to fuel ongoing inflammation in the post-infectious period.crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory condition of diverse etiology. exposure to foodborne pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis produces a long-term risk of cd well into the post-infectious period but the mechanistic basis for this ongoing relationship to disease onset is unknown. we developed two novel models to study the comorbidity of acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella typhimurium or citrobacter rodentium in mice colonized with adherent-invasive escherichia coli (aiec), a ...201627711220
infection susceptibility in gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin b12)-defective mice is subject to maternal influences.mice harboring a mutation in the gene encoding gastric intrinsic factor (gif), a protein essential for the absorption of vitamin b12/cobalamin (cbl), have potential as a model to explore the role of vitamins in infection. the levels of cbl in the blood of gif(tm1a/tm1a) mutant mice were influenced by the maternal genotype, with offspring born to heterozygous (high cbl, f1) mothers exhibiting a significantly higher serum cbl level than those born to homozygous (low cbl, f2) equivalents. low cbl l ...201627329747
critical role of the disintegrin metalloprotease adam-like decysin-1 [adamdec1] for intestinal immunity and inflammation.adam [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase] is a family of peptidase proteins which have diverse roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. here, we study adam-like decysin-1 [adamdec1] a unique member of the adam family. adamdec1 expression is restricted to the macrophage/dendritic cell populations of the gastrointestinal tract and secondary lymphoid tissue. the biological function of adamdec1 is unknown but it has been hypothesised to play a role in immunity. the identification of reduced adamde ...201627226416
effect of annealing temperature on antimicrobial and structural properties of bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract of anchusa italica.the use of nontoxic biological compounds in the synthesis of nanomaterials is an economic and eco-friendly approach. the present work was undertaken to develop zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) by a green method using simple precursor from the solution consisting of zinc acetate and the flower extract of anchusa italica (a. italica). effect of annealing temperature on structural and antimicrobial properties was investigated. the crystalline structure of zno-nps was shown using x-ray diffraction ...201627318600
the extended structure of the periplasmic region of cdsd, a structural protein of the type iii secretion system of chlamydia trachomatis.the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is required for the virulence of many gram-negative bacterial human pathogens. it is composed of several structural proteins, forming the secretion needle and its basis, the basal body. in chlamydia spp., the t3ss inner membrane ring (im-ring) of the basal body is formed by the periplasmic part of cdsd (outer ring) and cdsj (inner ring). here we describe the crystal structure of the c-terminal, periplasmic part of cdsd, not including the last 60 residues. two ...201626914207
a small-molecule compound belonging to a class of 2,4-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazine-5-ones suppresses salmonella infection in vivo.therapeutic strategies that target bacterial virulence have received considerable attention. the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is important for bacterial virulence and represents an attractive therapeutic target. a novel compound with a predicted t3ss inhibitory activity named cl-55 (n-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4h-[1,3,4]-thiadiazine-2-carboxamide) was previously characterized by low toxicity, high levels of solubility, stability and specific efficien ...201626732253
evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of combination heat-killed immunogens from three entero-invasive bacteria in rabbit model.diarrhea is a very common health problem in both developing and developed countries. among the major entero-invasive bacteria, shigella, salmonella and campylobacter cause serious problems in different geographic regions. recently we have shown immunogenicity and protective efficacy of heat killed multi-serotype shigella immunogen in different animal models. in our present study, we have advanced our research by preparing a combination heat-killed immunogen of three different entero-invasive bac ...201627039316
efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water, quaternary ammonium and lactic acid-based solutions in controlling microbial contamination of food cutting boards using a manual spraying technique.bactericidal activity of neutral electrolyzed water (new), quaternary ammonium (quat), and lactic acid-based solutions was investigated using a manual spraying technique against salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus that were inoculated onto the surface of scarred polypropylene and wooden food cutting boards. antimicrobial activity was also examined when using cutting boards in preparation of raw chopped beef, chi ...201627027449
sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni using nanoparticles enhanced qcm sensor.a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor platform was used to develop an immunosensor for the detection of food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. rabbit polyclonal antibodies and commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies against c. jejuni were investigated to construct direct, sandwich and gold-nanoparticles (aunps) amplified sandwich assays. the performance of the qcm immunosensor developed using sandwich assay by utilising the rabbit polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and conj ...201626649490
pathogen loading from canada geese faeces in freshwater: potential risks to human health through recreational water exposure.canada geese (branta canadensis) faeces have been shown to contain pathogenic protozoa and bacteria in numerous studies over the past 15 years. further, increases in both the canada geese populations and their ideal habitat requirements in the united states (us) translate to a greater presence of these human pathogens in public areas, such as recreational freshwater beaches. combining these factors, the potential health risk posed by canada geese faeces at freshwater beaches presents an emerging ...201626414207
high mannose-specific lectin msl mediates key interactions of the vaginal lactobacillus plantarum isolate cmpg5300.to characterize the interaction potential of the human vaginal isolate lactobacillus plantarum cmpg5300, its genome was mined for genes encoding lectin-like proteins. cmpg5300.05_29 was identified as the gene encoding a putative mannose-binding lectin. phenotypic analysis of a gene knock-out mutant of cmpg5300.05_29 showed that expression of this gene is important for auto-aggregation, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial cells, biofilm formation and binding to mannosylated glycans. purification o ...201627853317
synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone derivatives containing aminoguanidine or acylhydrazone moieties.three novel series of chalcone derivatives containing an aminoguanidine or acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated in terms of their antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. most of the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibitory activity towards various bacteria and one fungus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranging from 1 to 8μg/ml. compared with our previously reported chalcone derivatives (mics >64μg/ml), these compounds exhibited imp ...201627843112
photocatalytic activity and antimicrobial properties of paper sheets modified with tio2/sodium alginate nanocomposites.photocatalytic paper sheets were prepared by addition of different ratios of tio2/sodium alginate (tsa) nanocomposite. the modified paper sheets were characterized by xrd, tga. their morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (sem) and energy dispersive x-ray (edx). photocatalytic activity of modified paper has been studied by analysis of chemical oxygen demand (cod) of waste-water. the results confirmed the mineralization of the waste-water and enhanced removal of chemical oxygen de ...201627185131
development of new 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinediones as antimicrobial agents.in the context of the increasing phenomenon of microbial resistance to usual drugs, the development of new treatment strategies and new therapeutic protocols is a constant need. thiazolidinedione and chromone represent two important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their large pharmacological applicability.201627004035
in vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from spathodea campanulata, ficus bubu, and carica papaya.african medicinal plants represent a prominent source of new active substances. in this context, three plants were selected for biological investigations based on their traditional uses.201626799575
arnt proteins that catalyze the glycosylation of lipopolysaccharide share common features with bacterial n-oligosaccharyltransferases.arnt is a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) to the lipid a moiety of the lipopolysaccharide. this is a critical modification enabling bacteria to resist killing by antimicrobial peptides. arnt is an integral inner membrane protein consisting of 13 predicted transmembrane helices and a large periplasmic c-terminal domain. we report here the identification of a functional motif with a canonical consensus sequence dexryax(5)mx(3)gxwx(9)yfekpx(4 ...201626515403
bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 impacts on growth and virulence gene expression of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium.bifidobacterium thermophilum rbl67 (rbl67), a human fecal isolate and health promoting candidate shows antagonistic and protective effects against salmonella and listeria spec. in vitro. however, the underlying mechanisms fostering these effects remain unknown. in this study, the interactions of rbl67 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium n-15 (n-15) were explored by global transcriptional analysis.201626988691
in this issue - october 2016: horse transportation in australia · osteopetrosis in a neonatal donkey · bovine ephemeral fever virus-infected downer cattle · antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli in finisher pigs · stabilisation of periarticular fractures using a notched head locking t-plate · measuring blood coagulation in bennett's wallabies · vaccine against salmonella typhimurium in laying hens. 201627671076
unexpected formation of n'-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid o,s-dimethyl ester from acephate: chemical, biotechnical and computational study.by the nucleophilic attack of phenylhydrazine on acephate in aqueous medium, a stable product n'-phenyl-thiophosphorohydrazidic acid o,s-dimethyl ester (1) was obtained and characterized by elemental, spectral and thermal analysis. thermodynamic parameters, ea, δh°, δs° and δg°, have found to be 62.15, -67.95, -0.068 and -20.05 kj mol(-1) according to the coats-redfern equation. analysis of interaction of 1 with bsa protein was done by using the uv-vis and ftir spectroscopic methods. the observe ...201628330071
identification of candidate host cell factors required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei.intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor bima. located at one pole of the bacterium, bima recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to bima-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. we identified a group of cellular proteins tha ...201627934296
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