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in vitro activities of three licensed antifungal agents against spanish clinical isolates of aspergillus spp.the aim of the present study was to identify retrospectively trends in the species distributions and the susceptibility patterns of aspergillus species causing fungal infections in spanish medical centers from 2000 to 2002. the susceptibilities of 338 isolates to amphotericin b, itraconazole, and voriconazole were tested. aspergillus fumigatus was the most common species (54.7%), followed by aspergillus terreus (14.8%) and aspergillus flavus (13.9%). non-a. fumigatus species were encountered in ...200314506013
nature and mode of action of nad and atp dephosphorylating enzyme from aspergillus terreus dsm 826.nad and atp were dephosphorylated by aspergillus terreus extracts optimally at ph 8 and 40 degrees c. the data obtained indicate that one phosphohydrolase was involved in the cleavage of all the phosphate linkages of these two energy-carrying molecules, and also indicate that this enzyme can be classified as a non-specific alkaline phosphatase. this is based on the following criteria: during fractionation of the enzymes of the extracts, using sephadex g-200 column chromatography, the recorded el ...200314574102
fungal infection of sutureless self-sealing incision for cataract surgery.to report the clinical picture and outcome of fungal infection of self-sealing wounds in cataract surgery.200314597526
[mycosis in the ear, nose and throat].recent trends of fungal infections of the ear, nose and throat were introduced from the viewpoint of otolaryngologic practice. aspergillus terreus was the most common pathogen of otomycosis followed by a. niger and a. flavus. lanoconazole showed the most effective antifungal function for these aspergillus species by drug sensitivity test. biological differences between clinical and soil-borne strains of a. terreus were evaluated. the clinical strains showed slower growth-rate on malt extract aga ...200314615794
microbial transformation of terreusinone, an ultraviolet-a (uv-a) protecting dipyrroloquinone, by streptomyces sp.biotransformation study was conducted on the marine dipyrroloquinone, terreusinone (1) isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus. preparative-scale fermentation of terreusinone with streptomyces sp. has resulted in the isolation of a new oxidized metabolite, terreusinol (2). the structure was elucidated as 2-[(1r)-1-hydroxyisobutyl]-6-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyisobutyl]-1h,5h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-4,8-dione (2) on the basis of physicochemical evidence. terreusinol (2) showed an ultravi ...200314646333
epidemiology of aspergillus terreus at a university hospital.invasive fungal infections due to aspergillus species have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. aspergillus terreus, a less common pathogen, appears to be an emerging cause of infection at our institution, the university of alabama hospital in birmingham. we therefore investigated the epidemiology of a. terreus over the past 6 years by using culture data; antifungal susceptibility testing with amphotericin b, voriconazole, and itraconazole; and molecu ...200314662934
disseminated aspergillus terreus infection arising from cutaneous inoculation treated with caspofungin.a case of disseminated aspergillus terreus infection in a patient with prolonged neutropenia after stem cell transplant for myeloma is reported. the isolate was resistant to amphotericin b in vitro, and the patient was successfully managed with surgical debridement and the recently licensed antifungal agent caspofungin. there are many challenges associated with treating invasive aspergillosis, particularly that due to a. terreus, and the early use of caspofungin should be considered.200314686991
cytotoxic constituents of aspergillus terreus from the rhizosphere of opuntia versicolor of the sonoran desert.a novel cyclopentenedione, asterredione (1), two new terrecyclic acid a derivatives, (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-methoxyterrecyclic acid a (2) and (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-hydroxyterrecyclic acid a (3), and five known compounds, (+)-terrecyclic acid a (4), (-)-quadrone (5), betulinan a (6), asterriquinone d (7), and asterriquinone c-1 (8), were isolated from aspergillus terreus occurring in the rhizosphere of opuntia versicolor, using bioassay-guided fractionation. acid-catalyzed reaction of 2 under mild condi ...200314695798
characterisation and application of glycanases secreted by aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and trichoderma viride ccmi 84 for enzymatic deinking of mixed office wastepaper.two enzymatic extracts obtained from xylan-grown aspergillus terreus ccmi 498 and cellulose-grown trichoderma viride ccmi 84 were characterised for different glycanase activities. both strains produce extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase enzymes. the enzymes optimal activity was found in the temperature range of 45-60 degrees c. endoglucanase systems show identical activity profiles towards temperature, regardless of the strain and inducing substrate. conversely, the endoxylanases produc ...200312443852
aspergillus terreus in a cystic fibrosis clinic: environmental distribution and patient colonization pattern. 200312495692
integrating transcriptional and metabolite profiles to direct the engineering of lovastatin-producing fungal strains.we describe a method to decipher the complex inter-relationships between metabolite production trends and gene expression events, and show how information gleaned from such studies can be applied to yield improved production strains. genomic fragment microarrays were constructed for the aspergillus terreus genome, and transcriptional profiles were generated from strains engineered to produce varying amounts of the medically significant natural product lovastatin. metabolite detection methods wer ...200312536215
bioconversion of poultry wastes. i--factors influencing the assay and productivity of crude uricase by three uricolytic filamentous fungi.the optimum temperature for biomass yield and uricase production by uricolytic fungi, aspergillus terreus, a. flavus and trichoderma sp. was at 30 degrees c. the time required for maximum production of uricase and biomass yield was 4 days for two aspergillus species and 6 days for trichoderma sp. the optimum ph was at 6.4 for a. terreus and ph 6.6 for a. flavus and trichoderma sp. the maximum fungal biomass yield was achieved in medium supplemented with 4% poultry waste. the best carbon sources ...200212512254
antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 239 clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 2000.posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. we evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational triazoles compared with that of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 239 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi from the sentry program, including aspergillus spp. (198 isolates), fusarium spp. (7 isolates), penicillium spp. (19 isolates), rhizopus spp. (4 isolates), mucor spp. (2 isolates), and miscellan ...200211897586
development of a nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and identification of pythium insidiosum.pythium insidiosum is an important cause of cutaneous and gastrointestinal disease in horses and dogs in the southeastern united states. culture-based diagnosis of pythiosis is rarely definitive because production and identification of reproductive structures is difficult. the purpose of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for the identification of p insidiosum. genomic dna was extracted from 3 clinical isolates of p insidiosum and i isolate each of pythium gr ...200211899029
microfloral contamination and hydrolytic enzyme differences between monsooned and non-monsooned coffees.to analyse and compare, for the first time, fungal and bacterial populations and hydrolytic enzyme production in four monsooned and non-monsooned arabica and robusta coffee types.200211940159
biosynthesis and biotechnological production of statins by filamentous fungi and application of these cholesterol-lowering drugs.hypercholesterolemia is considered an important risk factor in coronary artery disease. thus the possibility of controlling de novo synthesis of endogenous cholesterol, which is nearly two-thirds of total body cholesterol, represents an effective way of lowering plasma cholesterol levels. statins, fungal secondary metabolites, selectively inhibit hydroxymethyl glutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the first enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. the mechanism involved in controlling plasma chole ...200211956737
exploitation of a library of alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of building blocks for glycopolymers.after screening a library of fungal alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of functionalized alkyl alpha-d-galactopyranosides, four enzymes (isolated from aspergillus terreus ccm55, aspergillus commune ccm 2969, penicillium vinaceum ccm 2384, or penicillium brasilianum 2155) proved to be suitable for these biotransformations. the effect of different concentrations of alcohol on activity and stability of these enzymes was investigated. after optimization of the reaction conditions, three galactos ...200211745178
the flexible c-terminal region of aspergillus terreus blasticidin s deaminase: identification of its functional roles with deletion enzymes.although the four polypeptides of blasticidin s (bs) deaminase (bsd) are packed rather tightly coordinated to the "structural and catalytic" zinc atom of each subunit, the c-terminal region of the enzyme was suggested to be somewhat molten and flexible [m. kimura, s. sekido, y. isogai, and i. yamaguchi (2000) j. biochem. 127, 955-963]. to understand roles of this flexible region, we constructed five c-terminal deletion variants of bsd (each successively deleted from the c-terminal end up to five ...200211779186
identification and characterization of novel cytochrome p450 genes from the white-rot basidiomycete, coriolus versicolor.using a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique, cytochrome p450 genes were cloned from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, coriolus versicolor. one possible p450 gene was identified, which consisted of 1,672 nucleotides and a poly(a) tail and encoded a deduced protein containing 449 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of the p450 heme-binding motif, strongly suggesting that this protein belongs to the p450 superfamily, then designated cy ...200211831480
bioconversion of poultry wastes i-factors influencing the assay and productivity of crude uricase by three uricolytic filamentous fungi.the optimum temperature for biomass yield and uricase production by uricolytic fungi, aspergillus terreus. a. flavus and trichoderma sp. was at 30 degrees c. the time required for maximum production of uricase and biomass yield was 4 days for two aspergillus species and 6 days for trichoderma sp. the optimum ph was at 6.4 for a. terreus and ph 6.6 for both a. flavus and trichoderma sp. the maximum fungal biomass yield was achieved in medium supplemented with 4% poultry waste. the best carbon sou ...200211837392
removal of heavy metals by an aspergillus terreus strain immobilized in a polyurethane matrix.the aim was to investigate the biosorption of chromium, nickel and iron from metallurgical effluents, produced by a steel foundry, using a strain of aspergillus terreus immobilized in polyurethane foam.200211849492
production of aspergillus terreus alpha-l-rhamnosidase by solid state fermentation.the study of production of aspergillus terreus cect 2663 alpha-l-rhamnosidase in solid state fermentation using wheat bran, washed sugar cane bagasse and polyurethane foam as substrates or supports for the enzyme production.200211849496
common environmental allergens causing respiratory allergy in india.respiratory allergy affects all age groups but the children are the worst affected by the respiratory allergy. bioparticles from different biological sources are the main cause of allergy. pollen grains, fungal spores, insect and other materials of biological origin form the most important allergen load in the air. for the efficient diagnosis of the allergy and its effective treatment it is very important to know about the prevalence, seasonal and annual variations of aeroallergens of the area. ...200212003301
mixed submerged fermentation with two filamentous fungi for cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme production.the efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic materials requires the cooperative actions of different cellulase enzyme activities: exoglucanase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase. previous studies with the fungi strains aureobasidium sp. chte-18, penicillium sp. ch-te-001, and aspergillus terreus ch-te-013, selected mainly because of their different cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, have demonstrated the capacity of culture filtrates of cross-synergistic action in the sacc ...200212018234
aspergillus cholangitis: a late complication after kasai portoenterostomy.ascending bacterial cholangitis can be a recurring complication in older children and adolescents who have undergone successful surgery for biliary atresia. the authors describe a 19-year-old girl with a history of recurrent late-onset, febrile cholangitis in whom persistent jaundice developed. aspergillus terreus was isolated from her biliary fluid obtained at percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. despite prolonged external biliary drainage and systemic amphotericin b therapy, the fungus w ...200212037766
in vitro studies on the activity of amphotericin b and lipid-based amphotericin b formulations against aspergillus conidia and hyphae.the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of amphotericin b and lipid-based amphotericin b formulations against isolates of aspergillus spp. were tested using a broth microdilution method. twelve isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, eight of aspergillus flavus, six of aspergillus niger and seven of aspergillus terreus were examined. in addition, an assay for hyphae of aspergillus spp. was performed since the invasive form is manifested by the appearance of hyphal structures. mics of hyphae agai ...200212100533
a novel streptomycete lipase: cloning, sequencing and high-level expression of the streptomyces rimosus gds(l)-lipase gene.an extracellular lipase from streptomyces rimosus r6-554w has been recently purified and biochemically characterized. in this report the cloning, sequencing, and high-level expression of its gene is described. the cloned dna contained an orf of 804 bp encoding a 268-amino-acid polypeptide with 34 amino acid residues at the amino terminus of the sequence that were not found in the mature protein. the theoretical molecular mass (24.172 kda) deduced from the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme ...200212115057
aspterric acid and 6-hydroxymellein, inhibitors of pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana, produced by aspergillus terreus.aspterric acid, 6-hydroxymellein, arabidopsis thaliana, aspergillus terreus aspterric acid (1) and 6-hydroxymellein (2), inhibitors of pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana, have been isolated from the fungus aspergillus terreus. 1 and 2 inhibited the pollen development at concentrations of 38 and 52 microm, respectively. the microscopic examination of pollen development suggested that the inhibition by the treatment with 1 caused at meiosis and the inhibition by the treatment with 2 caused ...200212132685
enhanced production of itaconic acid from corn starch and market refuse fruits by genetically manipulated aspergillus terreus skr10.a potent itaconic acid producing strain, aspergillus terreus skr10, was isolated from horticulture waste. market refuse, apple and banana, were explored as novel substrates for itaconic acid production with yields of 20+/-2.0 and 20.0+/-1.0 g l(-1), respectively. itaconic acid yields of 28.5+/-2.2 and 31.0+/-1.7 g l(-1) were obtained with acid and alpha-amylase hydrolyzed corn starch. the efficiency of itaconic acid production by this wild type strain was improved by ultraviolet, chemical and mi ...200212146646
in vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin b and 5-flucytosine against aspergillus spp.we investigated the in vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin b and 5-flucytosine, against aspergillus spp. we tested three isolates of aspergillus fumigatus (one resistant to itraconazole), and two each of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus. we employed a broth microdilution-based method derived from an in vivo validated method capable of detecting itraconazole resistance in a. fumigatus. we studied the effect on the mics by calc ...200212161398
molecular cloning and characterization of an ml-236b (compactin) biosynthetic gene cluster in penicillium citrinum.cloning of genes encoding polyketide synthases (pkss) has allowed us to identify a gene cluster for ml-236b biosynthesis in penicillium citrinum. like lovastatin, which is produced by aspergillus terreus, ml-236b (compactin) inhibits the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase. genomic sequencing and northern analysis showed that nine predicted genes for ml-236b biosynthesis were located within a 38-kb region and were transcribed when ml-236b was produced. the predicted ...200212172803
antifungal drug resistance to azoles and polyenes.there is an increased awareness of the morbidity and mortality associated with fungal infections caused by resistant fungi in various groups of patients. epidemiological studies have identified risk factors associated with antifungal drug resistance. selection pressure due to the continuous exposure to azoles seems to have an essential role in developing resistance to fluconazole in candida species. haematological malignancies, especially acute leukaemia with severe and prolonged neutropenia, se ...200212206971
thermal inactivation and product inhibition of aspergillus terreus cect 2663 alpha-l-rhamnosidase and their role on hydrolysis of naringin solutions.the kinetics of thermal inactivation of a. terreus alpha-rhamnosidase was studied using the substrate p-nitrophenyl alpha-l-rhamnoside between 50 degrees c and 70 degrees c. up to 60 degrees c the inactivation of the purified enzyme was completely reversible, but samples of crude or partially purified enzyme showed partial reversibility. the presence of the product rhamnose, the substrate naringin, and other additives reduced the reversible inactivation, maintaining in some cases full enzyme act ...200212224626
production of lovastatin examined by an integrated approach based on chemometrics and dosy-nmr.microbial secondary metabolites are one of the sources of therapeutic molecules in the pharmaceutical industry. product quality and high yields of secondary metabolites are the main goals for the commercial success of a fermentation process. our novel approach was based on the decision-tree algorithm to determine the key variables correlated with the process outcome and on dosy-nmr to identify both co-metabolites and impurities, and it improves fermentation systems and speeds up bioprocess devel ...200212355470
detection of cell wall galactomannoprotein afmp1p in culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus and in sera of aspergillosis patients.mannoproteins are important and abundant structural components of fungal cell walls. the afmp1 gene encodes a cell wall galactomannoprotein of aspergillus fumigatus. in the present study, we show that afmp1p is secreted into the cell culture supernatant at a level that can be detected by western blotting. a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) developed with antibodies against afmp1p was capable of detecting this protein from the cell culture supernatant of a. fumigatus. the anti- ...200212409437
invasive aspergillosis caused by aspergillus terreus in a non-immunosuppressed patient. 200212421042
identification of a single nuclear localization signal in the c-terminal domain of an aspergillus dna topoisomerase ii.dna topoisomerase ii (topo ii) is a major nuclear protein that plays an important role in dna metabolism. we have isolated the gene for topo ii ( top2) from the filamentous fungus aspergillus terreus. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that topo ii consists of 1,587 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 180 kda; the protein expressed in escherichia coli has an estimated molecular weight of 185 kda. expression of topo ii polypeptides tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (yf ...200212436251
secretion of ligninperoxidase by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus.secretion of ligninperoxidase [e.c.1.11.1.7] by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus in liquid culture growth medium has been demonstrated. enzymatic characteristics like km, ph and temperature optima using veratryl alcohol as the organic substrate of ligninperoxidases from above sources have been determined. km values using veratryl alcohol as substrate for enzymes from p. citrinum, f. oxysporum and a. terreus were 69, 64 and 60 microm respectively. km values using h ...200212597550
purification and characterization of an alkaline manganese peroxidase from aspergillus terreus ld-1.we report that aspergillus terreus ld-1 produces an extracellular ligninolytic enzyme, manganese peroxidase (mnp), that reacts under alkaline conditions. this mnp was purified 13.1-fold from the culture supernatant to elicit a single band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the molecular weight of this mnp was estimated as either 43 kda by sds-page or 44 kda by gel permeation chromatography, suggesting a monomeric structure. the optimum ph and temperature o ...200216233222
purification and characterization of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase from aspergillus terreus tn484-m1.cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (cad) was assumed to be a key enzyme in the production of itaconic acid by comparing the activity of cad from aspergillus terreus tn484-m1 with that of cad from the low-itaconate yielding strain aspergillus terreus cm85j. the constitutive cad was purified to homogeneity from a. terreus tn484-m1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography on deae-toyopearl, butyl-toyopearl, and sephacryl s200hr, and then characterized. a molecular mass of 55 kda fo ...200216233265
application of oxygen vectors to aspergillus terreus cultivation.research was undertaken to examine the effects of adding an oxygen carrier (n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, or n-hexadecane) on lovastatin production by aspergillus terreus in both shaking-flask and 5-l fermentor cultivations. in the shaking-flask cultivation, an addition of 2.5% (w/v) n-dodecane to the medium gave about a 1.4-fold increase (0.51 g/l) in lovastatin production. this improvement was related to morphological changes in the fungal cells, and resulted mainly from the formation of small, u ...200216233333
sclerosing mediastinitis caused by aspergillus terreus.a case of aspergillus terreus causing sclerosing mediastinitis which presented with symptoms of cardiorespiratory compromise and compressive myelopathy is described. the diagnosis was established by culturing and isolating the fungus in pure culture from the tissue and was also confirmed by demonstration of sepcific precipitating antibodies against aspergillus terreus in patient's serum.200111883130
biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus.biodegradation of lignocellulosic waste by aspergillus terreus is reported for the first time. this isolate produced 250 cmcase (carboxymethyl cellulase or endoglucanase) u.ml(-1) and biodegraded hay and straw during 3 days and the biomass production on straw was 5g.l(-1) dry weight from 0.25 cm2 inoculated mycellium. this strain secreted endocellulases and exocellulases in the culture medium, but some of the enzymes produced, remained cell membrane bound. cell bound enzymes were released by var ...200111826908
[effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on chemical composition, fungal colonization and decomposition of spring wheat plant].under uv-b radiation, the cho (soluble carbohydrate) concentration in leaves decreased significantly, while the concentrations of hcel (holocellulose) and protein in leaves and that of hcel in stems increased significantly. hcel concentration in roots did not change significantly. under uv-b radiation, the colonization rates of penicillium ochro-chloron and aspergillus niger on leaves and stems increased significantly during growing phase, those of trichoderma koningii and aureobasidium pullulan ...200111757366
case report. hepatic abscesses due to aspergillus terreus in an immunodeficient child.we report the first case of hepatitis due to aspergillus terreus in a 13-year-old boy with common variable immunodeficiency that occurred while the patient was receiving secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole after an episode of pulmonary candidosis. the infection subsided after the addition of itraconazole to the combination of liposomal amphotericin b and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor that he was receiving.200111766109
cyclic voltammetric measurements of growth of aspergillus terreus.a detailed study using the cyclic voltammogram was done on the live cells of aspergillus terreus. the peak current values were obtained for different days of growth and plotted against time. the response of cyclic voltammogram showed the phases of the growth of the fungus. the growth curve obtained matched well with the conventional methodology, which assesses the increase of dry weight of the organisms against time. the electrochemical method is more advantageous because it is easy to assess an ...200111990561
some nutritional factors influencing mevinolin production by aspergillus terreus strain.aspergillus terreus produces the hypocholesterolemic compound mevinolin. its growth and mevinolin production were affected by the composition of the culture medium. both were at a maximum with glucose (6%) as the sole carbon source and in the presence of a mixture of yeast extract and sodium nitrate as nitrogen source. influence of the concentration of some inorganic salts are also discussed.200111899474
studies of in vitro activities of voriconazole and itraconazole against aspergillus hyphae using viability staining.the minimal fungicidal concentrations (mfcs) of voriconazole and itraconazole for five clinical isolates each of aspergillus terreus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger were determined by a broth macrodilution method. conidial suspensions as inocula were compared to hyphae as inocula since the invasive form of aspergillosis is manifested by the appearance of hyphal structures. in addition, cell viability staining with the dye fun-1 was performed to assess time-depen ...200111120954
structure-based chimeric enzymes as an alternative to directed enzyme evolution: phytase as a test case.thermostability is a key feature for commercially attractive variants of the fungal enzyme phytase. in an initial set of experiments, we restored ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds on the surface of aspergillus terreus phytase, which are present in the homologous but more thermostable enzyme from a. niger. since these mutations turned out to be neutral, we replaced-in the same region and based on the crystal structure of a. niger phytase-entire secondary structure elements. the replacement of ...200111164958
in vitro fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against opportunistic moniliaceous and dematiaceous fungi.the nccls proposed standard m38-p describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic antifungal activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds); however, standard conditions are not available for testing their fungicidal activities (minimum fungicidal or lethal concentrations [mfcs]). this study evaluated the in vitro fungistatic and fungicidal activities of voriconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b against 260 common and emerging molds (174 aspergillus sp. ...200111230410
fr198248, a new anti-influenza agent isolated from apsergillus terreus no 13830. i. taxomony, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.a novel anti-influenza agent, fr198248, was isolated from the cultured broth of a fungal strain no.13830. the strain was identified as aspergillus terreus from morphological characteristics. fr198248, a new type of hydroxyl benzaldehyde compound, showed antiinfluenza virus activity in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells in vitro. the mode of action of fr198248 against influenza virus a could be ascribed to an inhibitory effect on the stage of virus adsorption. furthermore, fr198248 possessed ...200111302485
mycoflora in commercial pet foods.this article reports on the identification of mycoflora of 21 dry pet foods (12 belonging to dogs and 9 to cats) that corresponded to 8 commercial brands made in argentina and imported. the isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera are compared too. ten genera and fungi classified as mycelia sterilia were identified. the predominant genera were aspergillus (62%), rhizopus (48%), and mucor (38%). the most prevalent among aspergillus was aspergillus flavus followed by ...200111348013
new anti-influenza agents, fr198248 and its derivatives. ii. characterization of fr198248, its related compounds and some derivatives.we isolated fr198248 from the cultured broth of aspergillus terreus no. 13830 as a new anti-influenza agents. the structure of fr198248 was elucidated by several spectroscopic experiments as a novel tetrahydroxybenzaldehyde compound. furthermore, we described the characteristics of fr198248, its related compounds and some derivatives.200111372786
lovastatin biosynthesis by aspergillus terreus in a chemically defined medium.lovastatin is a secondary metabolite produced by aspergillus terreus. a chemically defined medium was developed in order to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on lovastatin biosynthesis. among several organic and inorganic defined nitrogen sources metabolized by a. terreus, glutamate and histidine gave the highest lovastatin biosynthesis level. for cultures on glucose and glutamate, lovastatin synthesis initiated when glucose consumption levelled off. when a. terreus was gr ...200111375168
identification of aspergillus fumigatus and related species by nested pcr targeting ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer regions.aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species that causes invasive aspergillosis. in order to identify a. fumigatus, partial ribosomal dna (rdna) from two to six strains of five different aspergillus species was sequenced. by comparing sequence data from genbank, we designed specific primer pairs targeting rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of a. fumigatus. a nested pcr method for identification of other a. fumigatus-related species was established by using the primers. to evaluat ...200111376067
conversion of cyclic nonaketides to lovastatin and compactin by a lovc deficient mutant of aspergillus terreus.investigation of the post-pks biosynthetic steps to the cholesterol-lowering agent lovastatin (1) using an aspergillus terreus strain with a disrupted lovc gene, which is essential for formation of 4a,5-dihydromonacolin l (3), shows that 7 and 3 are precursors to 1, and demonstrates that lovastatin diketide synthase (lovf protein) does not require lovc.200111412974
development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase.the development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus is described. the system is based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase. several a. fumigatus sc mutant strains were readily isolated by strong selection for selenate resistance. the coding region plus upstream and downstream regulatory sequences of the a. fumigatus sc gene were cloned by inverse pcr and then sequenced. sequencing of the sc cdna revealed the presence of fiv ...200111479709
colorimetric assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus species.a colorimetric assay for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus species (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus nidulans, and aspergillus ustus) is described based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulphenylamino)carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium-hydroxide (xtt) in the presence of menadione as an electron-coupling agent. the combination of 200 microg of xtt/ml with 25 microm menadione resulted in a high production of form ...200111526191
[an epidemiological study for fungus isolation during the twenty-five year periods from 1976 to 2000 in kitasato university hospital].we investigated an epidemiological study for fungus isolation in our hospital from 1976 to 2000. for 25 years, the total sample number of fungus examination were 64,296, and after 1988, the total sample number increased suddenly. as a whole, the positive ratio was constantly about 40%. when our hospital opened, the obstetrical and gynecological samples showed 38.8% for fungus examination, but recently, samples of the respiratory organ has increased. ratio of isolation for yeast, candida albicans ...200111712361
[identification of red kojic from different habitats with clustering analysis by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry].to provide a new method for identifying red kojic.200111715192
antifungal properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors against aspergillus species in vitro.this study investigated the fungicidal activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) against clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus (n = 11), aspergillus flavus (n = 9), aspergillus terreus (n = 10) and candida parapsilosis (atcc 22019). the common drugs fluoxetine, seroxate, sertraline, paroxetine and reboxetine were applied in a broth microdilution test. in addition, we examined whether a post-antibiotic effect occurs following short exposure to the drugs. the various ssris s ...200111733460
aspects of the biosynthesis of non-aromatic fungal polyketides by iterative polyketide synthases.lovastatin biosynthesis in aspergillus terreus involves two unusual type i multifunctional polyketide syntheses (pkss). lovastatin nonaketide synthase (lnks), the product of the lovb gene, is an iterative pks that interacts with lovc, a putative enoyl reductase, to catalyze the 35 separate reactions in the biosynthesis of dihydromonacolin l, a lovastatin precursor. lnks also displays diels-alderase activity in vitro. lovastatin diketide synthase (ldks) made by lovf, in contrast, acts non-iterati ...200011386351
fungal discitis due to aspergillus terreus in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.we report a case of aspergillus terreus discitis which developed in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia following induction chemotherapy. a. terreus was isolated from sputum, one month earlier, but the physician did not consider it significant at the time. magnetic resonance imaging study showed the involvement of l3-4, l4-5 and l5-s1 intervertebral discs. etiology was established by means of histology and culturing a surgical specimen of disc materials. our patient survived after a surg ...200011194199
identification of medically important aspergillus species by single strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) of the pcr-amplified intergenic spacer region.the amplified 5.8s rna coding dna with the neighbouring internal transcribed spacers its i and its ii (its i--5.8s rdna--its ii) of 27 culture collection strains of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus terreus were investigated by single strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) analysis. all strains showed a polymerase gel electrophoresis (pcr) product of 0.6 kb. separation of dna single strands of the pcr product in an acrylamide-b ...200011204354
aspergillus terreus infections in haematological malignancies: molecular epidemiology suggests association with in-hospital plants.during a three-year period nine patients with haematological diseases after myeloablative chemotherapy died from invasive fungal infections caused by aspergillus terreus. the hospital inanimate environment was monitored and a. terreus was cultured from potted plants in the vicinity of the patients. the patients (n = 14) and the environmental isolates (n = 2) were fingerprinted by rapd-pcr with four different primers. based on rapd patterns the patients' isolates were differentiated into five dif ...200011023720
effect of ph and stirring rate on itaconate production by aspergillus terreus.the production of itaconic acid from glucose-based media by aspergillus terreus nrrl 1960 was found to be controlled by stirring rate and ph. when the phosphorous (p) level in the production medium was reduced to less than 10 mg l(-1), the fungal mycelium exhausted its primary growth and started to excrete itaconic acid, while it continued its secondary growth at the expense of ammoniacal nitrogen. the fermentation exhibited a mixed-growth-associated product formation kinetics, the non-growth as ...200011051419
sulfate assimilation in aspergillus terreus: analysis of genes encoding atp-sulfurylase and paps-reductase.two genes for the sulfate assimilation pathway in aspergillus terreus were cloned. the genes sat (coding for paps-reductase) and sct (coding for atp-sulfurylase) form a small gene cluster. both genes are similar to their homologs in a. nidulans (sa and sc), penicillium chrysogenum (aps) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (met3 and met16). in the coding sequence of the sct gene, a typical non-functional aps-kinase-like domain is present. the sct gene is expressed in a. nidulans, but its expression ther ...200011057445
mycotic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta due to aspergillus terreus: case report and review.mycotic aneurysms of the aorta caused by fungi are uncommon. we describe an unusual case of aortic aneurysm infection caused by aspergillus terreus, which most likely spread from an adjacent pulmonary focus. successful treatment included partial pneumonectomy, resection of the aneurysm with graft repair, and prolonged sequential administration of amphotericin b and itraconazole. a review of the published experience with aortic aneurysms caused by aspergillus species is also presented. when invas ...200011073743
culture supernatants of patient-derived aspergillus isolates have toxic and lytic activity towards neurons and glial cells.infection of the central nervous system by the ubiquitous fungi aspergillus spp. is a life-threatening disease. therefore we investigated the mechanism of brain damage by fungal infection. to examine whether secretory factors of aspergillus isolates derived from patients can induce death of different brain cells, culture supernatants of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus and aspergillus niger were added to different astrocytes as well as to the neuroblastoma cell line ...200011118912
aspergillus fumigatus antigen detection in sera from patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis.we have developed an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (inhibition-eia) to monitor for the occurrence of invasive aspergillosis (ia) in sera from 45 immunocompromised (ic) patients. the test uses rabbit polyclonal antibodies and a mixture of components from aspergillus fumigatus, containing three predominant antigens with molecular weights of 18,000, 33,000, and 56,000. circulating antigens were found in five of seven proven cases of ia due to a. fumigatus. in two of the five positive cases, antigen ...200010618137
fungal degradation of fluorene.a selection of 30 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated to degrade fluorene. toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid media, have shown high growth inhibition at concentrations above 0.001 g l-1 only towards 23% of strains. degradation of fluorene (0.005 g l-1) was then investigated in liquid synthetic medium for 2 days and evaluated by hplc. among the 30 ...200010665449
purification and characterization of an extracellular alkaline serine protease from aspergillus terreus (ijira 6.2).an extracellular alkaline serine protease has been purified from aspergillus terreus (ijira 6.2). the purification procedure involved chromatography on deae-sephadex a25, phosphocellulose, hydroxyapatite, casein-sepharose, gel filtration on sephacryl-s-300 and by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. the enzyme was further purified to apparent homogeneity through a combination of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) with or without protease subst ...200010688692
a rapid technique for screening of lovastatin-producing strains of aspergillus terreus by agar plug and neurospora crassa bioassay.the success of strain improvement programme depends on the number of isolates that can be screened after mutagenic treatment. a technique to rapidly screen large number of high-yielding isolates was developed. the 'agar plug' method that utilizes the anti-fungal property of lovastatin to produce a zone of inhibition against neurospora crassa was not only economical but also less labour-intensive. we were able to isolate a high-yielding strain, the productivity of which increased by 138% as compa ...200010739348
molecular typing of aspergillus terreus isolates by random amplification of polymorphic dna.forty three isolates of aspergillus terreus of environmental or clinical origin were typed by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) with two different primers ns3 and ns7 from the fungal ribosomal 18s subunit gene. for the 31 epidemiologically unrelated isolates tested, the primers ns3 and ns7 gave rise to 23 and 24 different genotypes, respectively, and combining the results obtained with the two primers allowed the differentiation of all these isolates. no clustering was found in rela ...200010772835
aristolochene synthase: purification, molecular cloning, high-level expression in escherichia coli, and characterization of the aspergillus terreus cyclase.aristolochene synthase catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (6) to (+)-aristolochene (1). the aspergillus terreus enzyme has been purified 75-fold to homogeneity in six steps. based on the sequence of 3 internal peptides obtained by lys-c digestion of the native protein, a set of degenerate pcr primers was used to amplify a 550-bp segment of cdna corresponding to a portion of the aristolochene synthase transcript. a second round of pcr using specific primers was used to prepare a (3 ...200010775423
butyrolactones from aspergillus terreus.in the process development of lovastatin using aspergillus terreus drcc 152 in solid state fermentation, we have isolated a new butyrolactone-iv (3) along with the previously reported butyrolactone-i (1) and butyrolactone-ii (2) produced under submerged conditions. the structure of compound 3 has been characterized as 3-hydroxy-5-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2(r)-2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furan- 5 ylmethyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-(5r)-2,5-dihydro-2 -furanone on the basis of spectroscopi ...200010783079
bilateral pulmonary aspergilloma caused by an atypical isolate of aspergillus terreus.a case of bilateral pulmonary aspergilloma caused by an atypical isolate of aspergillus terreus is described. the diagnosis was established by the presence of septate, dichotomously branched fungal elements in freshly collected bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum specimens and by repeated isolation of the fungus in culture. specific precipitating antibodies against the a. terreus isolate were demonstrated in the patient's serum. the isolate was atypical as it failed to produce fruiting structures ...200010790144
studies on mevinolin production by some fungi.the potentiality of 25 fungal species, belonging to fourteen genera isolated from egyptian soils, to produce mevinolin, a hypocholesterolaemic agent, when grown on selected substrates was tested. samples of culture filtrates were tested by thin layer chromatography and the positive results were further assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography analysis. it was found that nearly one-third of the fungi showed positive results for production of mevinolin. aspergillus terreus was distinguished ...200010817521
expression, purification, and characterization of blasticidin s deaminase (bsd) from aspergillus terreus: the role of catalytic zinc in enzyme structure.we established an efficient overproduction-purification system for blasticidin s deaminase (bsd) using the cdna cloned from aspergillus terreus. the estimated molecular mass of the purified enzyme indicated bsd was a tetramer. this tetrameric form was very resistant to denaturation by sds and showed heat-modifiable behavior on sds-page; i.e., bsd migrated much slower (as a single band of 36 kda) in its active conformation than its completely denatured polypeptide (13 kda) if heat treatment in 2% ...200010833262
immunorestitution disease involving the innate and adaptive response.immunorestitution disease (ird) is defined as an acute symptomatic or paradoxical deterioration of a (presumably) preexisting infection that is temporally related to the recovery of the immune system. we report the temporal sequence of events that led to ird caused by pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus terreus in 2 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-negative patients soon after the recovery of adaptive and innate immunity, respectively, and we review episodes noted in the english-language lite ...200010880300
amphotericin b resistance of aspergillus terreus in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis.the in-vivo activity of amphotericin b and itraconazole against a clinical isolate of aspergillus terreus was determined in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. mics of amphotericin b and itraconazole for the strain, determined by an nccls-based technique, were 2 microg/ml and 1 microg/ml, respectively. mice infected intravenously were treated with either itraconazole (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or amphotericin b 4.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days. treatment with both doses of itraconazole significant ...200010882084
optimization of the catalytic properties of aspergillus fumigatus phytase based on the three-dimensional structure.previously, we determined the dna and amino acid sequences as well as biochemical and biophysical properties of a series of fungal phytases. the amino acid sequences displayed 49-68% identity between species, and the catalytic properties differed widely in terms of specific activity, substrate specificity, and ph optima. with the ultimate goal to combine the most favorable properties of all phytases in a single protein, we attempted, in the present investigation, to increase the specific activit ...200010933495
in vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: comparison of etest and reference microdilution methods for determining itraconazole mics.the performance of the etest for itraconazole susceptibility testing of 50 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) proposed standard microdilution broth method. the nccls method employed rpmi 1640 broth medium, and mics were read after incubation for 48 h at 35 degrees c. etest mics were determined with rpmi agar containing 2% glucose and with casitone agar and were read after incubation for 24 h (aspergillus ...200010970383
spondylodiscitis due to aspergillus terreus during an efficient treatment against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. 200010990123
kodaistatins, novel inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate translocase t1 from aspergillus terreus thom dsm 11247. isolation and structural elucidation.two novel compounds, kodaistatin a, c35h34o11, molecular weight 630, and kodaistatin c, c35h34o12, molecular weight 646, have been isolated from cultures of aspergillus terreus thom dsm 11247 by solid-phase extraction, size-exclusion chromatography, and various preparative hplc steps. the use of a range of 2d nmr measurements, in particular 13c-13c correlation measurements, has led to the clarification of the structure of kodaistatin a. kodaistatin c is a hydroxylated derivative of kodaistatin a ...200010994809
extracellular abts-oxidizing activity of autochthonous fungal strains from argentina in solid medium.the screening for extracellular oxidases and peroxidases from autochthonous filamentous fungi isolated from different substrates is an important step towards the detection of extracellular fungal oxidative systems. thirty-one autochthonous fungal strains from argentina, belonging to different ecophysiological and taxonomic groups, were plate-screened for their ability to produce extracellular oxidoreductases. modified kirk solid medium containing the chromogen 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin ...200015813698
invasive fungal infections in kuwait: a retrospective study.a retrospective review of a five year period (1994-1998) revealed that opportunistic mycoses caused by ubiquitous fungal pathogens are a serious problem in the immunocompromised patient population of kuwait. patients with renal transplantation and diabetes mellitus were most susceptible to aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and zygomycosis, whereas patients with candidemia/hematogenous candidiasis had multiple risk factors. basidiobolomycosis of the rectum in a bangladeshi male, cryptococcosis due t ...200015597675
subcellular localization of fructosyl amino acid oxidases in peroxisomes of aspergillus terreus and penicillium janthinellum.fructosyl amino acid oxidase (faod) is the enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deglycation of amadori compounds, such as fructosyl amino acids, yielding the corresponding amino acids, glucosone, and h(2)o(2). in a previous report, we determined the primary structures of cdnas coding for faods from two fungal strains aspergillus terreus ap1 and penicillium janthinellum and we found that both fungal faods included the putative peroxisome targeting signal 1 (pts1) at the carboxyl terminal (yoshida, n. ...199916232435
apparent mrna instability in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus terreus of a heterologous cdna encoding the major capsid antigen of rotavirus.two expression plasmids designed to produce the rotaviral vp6 protein in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus terreus have been constructed. in one of these plasmids the inducible a. terreus gla1 glucoamylase gene promoter and gla1 signal sequence are fused to the vp6 cdna to enable induction and extracellular secretion of the final protein product; in the other, the strong, constitutive a. nidulans gpda gene promoter has been employed. a. nidulans and a. terreus transformants containing intact ...199918473559
use of the 6-methylsalicylic-acid-synthase gene as a discriminating marker between aspergillus terreus and aspergillus flavipes.in nineteen pathogenic and saprophytic isolates denoted as aspergillus terreus the presence and restriction pattern of the gene pksm (6-methylsalicylic acid synthase) was determined. five patterns (a-e) were found and in three isolates the gene was missing. the rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) patterns with three primers were analyzed. the strains with pksm pattern possibly derived from the most common pattern a by single mutation (patterns b-d) were also related by rapd. among them, thre ...199910997132
biophysical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): molecular size, glycosylation pattern, and engineering of proteolytic resistance.phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases) are found naturally in plants and microorganisms, particularly fungi. interest in these enzymes has been stimulated by the fact that phytase supplements increase the availability of phosphorus in pig and poultry feed and thereby reduce environmental pollution due to excess phosphate excretion in areas where there is intensive livestock production. the wild-type phytases from six different fungi, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, as ...19999925554
biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): catalytic properties.supplementation with phytase is an effective way to increase the availability of phosphorus in seed-based animal feed. the biochemical characteristics of an ideal phytase for this application are still largely unknown. to extend the biochemical characterization of wild-type phytases, the catalytic properties of a series of fungal phytases, as well as escherichia coli phytase, were determined. the specific activities of the fungal phytases at 37 degreesc ranged from 23 to 196 u. (mg of protein)-1 ...19999925555
activity of an aspergillus terreus alpha-arabinofuranosidase on phenolic-substituted oligosaccharides.the effect of phenolic substitutions on the activity of an alpha-arabinofuranosidase from aspergillus terreus was investigated using feruloylated oligosaccharides isolated from plant cell walls, equivalent oligosaccharides obtained through treatment with specific ferulic acid esterases, and a synthetic lignin-carbohydrate complex (lcc). feruloyl substituents limited the hydrolysis of arabinoxylan and arabinan oligosaccharides but only if the feruloyl group was esterified to the terminal non-redu ...19999987847
value of different methods for the characterisation of aspergillus terreus strains.to evaluate different methods for strain differentiation, 10 isolates of aspergillus terreus from germany and two epidemiologically unrelated strains were investigated. the sources of the isolates were patients with cystic fibrosis (4), immunosuppression (2), otitis externa (2), sinusitis (1) and endocarditis (1). environmental isolates were obtained from a contaminated cell culture and from soil. the isolates did not differ in their macroscopic and microscopic morphology, in their protein patte ...19999989644
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of blasticidin s deaminase from aspergillus terreus.blasticidin s deaminase from aspergillus terreus was crystallized with polyethylene glycol 8000. two types of crystals were grown under the same crystallization conditions. one type grew as thin plates, while the other had a rhombic shape. the rhombic shaped crystal was suitable for high-resolution crystal structure analysis. precession photographs and diffraction data showed that the crystal belonged to orthorhombic space group p212121, with unit-cell dimensions a = 70.33, b = 146.56 and c = 56 ...199910089374
effect of aspergillus terreus mycotoxins on nitric oxide synthase activity in human erythroid k-562 cells.because several stimuli of microbial origin enhance the activity of nitric oxide synthase (nos) in human cells of the myeloid lineage, we decided to investigate whether cellular damage induced by aspergillus terreus mycotoxins could be associated with an increase in nos activity. a pool of mycotoxins rather than individual toxins was tested so that the natural conditions could be mimicked. in the present study, we report that a crude extract of a. terreus induces cellular damage and increases no ...199910191507
comparison of e-test and broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of molds.we compared the e test with a broth microdilution method, performed according to national committee for clinical laboratory standards document m27-a guidelines, for determining the in vitro susceptibilities of 90 isolates of pathogenic molds (10 absidia corymbifera, 10 aspergillus flavus, 10 aspergillus fumigatus, 10 aspergillus niger, 10 aspergillus terreus, 10 exophiala dermatitidis, 10 fusarium solani, 10 scedosporium apiospermum, 5 scedosporium prolificans, and 5 scopulariopsis brevicaulis). ...199910203509
correlation between fungi isolated from burn wounds and burn care units.a comparison was made prospectively between fungal isolates from patients and burn care units. aspergillus niger was the most frequent isolate in both patients and burn care units whereas ulocladium was the commonest isolate in the control group. aspergillus terreus, penicillium and zygomycetes, which were recovered from burned patients, were also found more frequently in the burn care units than in the control group (other areas in the hospital). these findings indicate a potential risk of fung ...199910208389
comparison of in vitro activity of liposomal nystatin against aspergillus species with those of nystatin, amphotericin b (ab) deoxycholate, ab colloidal dispersion, liposomal ab, ab lipid complex, and itraconazole.we compared the in vitro activity of liposomal nystatin (nyotran) with those of other antifungal agents against 60 aspergillus isolates. twelve isolates were itraconazole resistant. for all isolates, geometric mean (gm) mics (micrograms per milliliter) were 2.30 for liposomal nystatin, 0.58 for itraconazole, 0.86 for amphotericin b (ab) deoxycholate, 9.51 for nystatin, 2.07 for liposomal ab, 2.57 for ab lipid complex, and 0.86 for ab colloidal dispersion. aspergillus terreus (gm, 8.72 micrograms ...199910223948
biodegradation of fluoranthene by soil fungi.a selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated for fluoranthene degradation. toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid medium mea, have not shown any toxicity of fluoranthene (1-100 mg.l-1) towards fungi. whereas, consumption assays on a solid synthetic medium showed a toxicity at 100 mg.l-1. the degradation of fluoranthene (10 mg.l-1) was then inv ...199910230046
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