Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| effect of aqueous extracts of alligator pear seed (persea americana mill) on blood glucose and histopathology of pancreas in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. | effects of aqueous extract of alligator pear seed on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated in 6 groups of rats (5 rats per group). test groups were made diabetic with intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan and treated with 300 mg and 600 mg/kg body weight of alligator pear seed extract. two non-diabetic groups were also administered with 300 mg and 600 mg/kg body weight extract. the levels of blood glucose were examined in all 6 experimental groups. in diabetic rats, blood gl ... | 2009 | 19553173 |
| fatty acid composition in lipid fractions lengthwise the mycelium of mortierella isabellina and lipid production by solid state fermentation. | this paper investigates the correlation between mycelial age and fatty acid biosynthesis. the correlation was investigated by analyzing the lipid composition lengthwise the mycelium of the oleaginous fungus mortierella isabellina, a potential producer of gamma-linolenic acid (gla). young mycelia were rich in polar lipids (glycolipids plus sphingolipids and phospholipids), while neutral lipid content increased in aged mycelia. in young mycelia, each polar lipid fraction contained almost 40% (w/w) ... | 2009 | 19574039 |
| seasonal occurrence and impact of halyomorpha halys (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in tree fruit. | halyomorpha halys is an introduced stink bug species from asia that is spreading throughout the mid-atlantic united states. it is native to south korea, japan, and eastern china, where it is an occasional pest of tree fruit, including apple and pear. cage experiments with adults placed on apple and peach during critical plant growth stages demonstrate that it can cause damage to developing fruit during mid- and late season growth periods and that feeding occurs on all regions of the fruit. feedi ... | 2009 | 19610429 |
| light, electron microscopy and histopathology of myxobolus salminus n. sp., a parasite of salminus brasiliensis from the brazilian pantanal. | in this report, we describe the morphology and histopathology of myxobolus salminus n. sp., a parasite of the gill filaments of wild salminus brasiliensis (dourado) from the brazilian pantanal. the small polysporic plasmodia were approximately 100 microm in diameter and the development was asynchronous. the mature spores were oval to pear shaped and had a smooth wall. the spore measurements were (mean+/-s.d., with range in parentheses): length 10.1+/-0.4 microm (9.6-10.5), width 6.1+/-0.4 microm ... | 2009 | 19640650 |
| influence of post-harvest treatments with fludioxonil and soy lecithin co-application in controlling blue and grey mould and fludioxonil residues in coscia pears. | the residue levels of fludioxonil (flu) were determined in coscia pear following a 1-, 2- or 4-min dip in an aqueous mixture of flu containing 300 or 100 mg l(-1) (active ingredient, a.i.) at 20 and 50 degrees c, respectively, with or without 2% soy lecithin. the efficacy of heat treatment with water and flu mixtures was investigated on artificially inoculated pears for the control of post-harvest decay caused by blue (penicillium expansum link) and grey (botrytis cinerea pers. ex fr.) mould. tr ... | 2009 | 19680873 |
| complex combined vascular malformations and vascular malformation syndromes affecting the extremities in children. | complex combined vascular malformations affecting extremities are an interesting group of vascular malformations because, in addition to the vascular channel anomalies present, they can be associated with other tissue changes and sometimes altered limb growth. at present, magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard imaging tool to evaluate such complex conditions in children because of its inherent tissue specificity and vascular capabilities that enables characterization of tissues and the ... | 2009 | 19724993 |
| description of cryptosporiopsis kienholzii and species profiles of neofabraea in major pome fruit growing districts in the pacific northwest usa. | the objectives of this study were i) to give a taxonomic description of a fungus phylogenetically related to neofabraea and assign the name cryptosporiopsis kienholzii to this fungus, ii) to expand previous neofabraea species profiles from infected apple and pear fruit collected from major pome fruit production districts in oregon and washington, and iii) to determine the sensitivity of neofabraea alba, neofabraea malicorticis, neofabraea perennans, and c. kienholzii to a range of fungicides. a ... | 2009 | 19733662 |
| endodontic management of horizontally placed molars after gunshot injury to mandible: a case report. | a 37-year-old man reported to our department with the history of gunshot injury to the mandible 15 years before. his anterior mandible had been resected earlier and bone graft was seen. intraoral examination of lower jaw revealed 4 remaining mandibular molars. these teeth were severely rotated such that they lay horizontal with respect to the mandibular base. preoperative dentascan spiral computerized tomography (ct) of the patient revealed obliteration of the mesial canals of the mandibular rig ... | 2009 | 19734072 |
| functional analysis of the n terminus of the erwinia amylovora secreted effector dspa/e reveals features required for secretion, translocation, and binding to the chaperone dspb/f. | dspa/e is a type iii secreted effector protein required for pathogenicity in the apple and pear pathogen erwinia amylovora, and dspb/f is a small chaperone protein involved in dspa/e secretion. while the secretion and translocation signals of many type iii secretion effector proteins in human enteric pathogens have been characterized extensively, relatively little is known about the translocation requirements of many effectors in plant pathogens, including large dspe-like proteins. in this study ... | 2009 | 19737101 |
| genotypic comparison of pantoea agglomerans plant and clinical strains. | pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. however, commercial registration of p. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (bl2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. this study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic ... | 2009 | 19772624 |
| patulin causes dna damage leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of bax, p(53) and p(21/waf1) proteins in skin of mice. | patulin (pat), a mycotoxin found in apples, grapes, oranges, pear and peaches, is a potent genotoxic compound. who has highlighted the need for the study of cutaneous toxicity of pat as manual labour is employed during pre and post harvest stages, thereby causing direct exposure to skin. in the present study cutaneous toxicity of pat was evaluated following topical application to swiss albino mice. dermal exposure of pat, to mice for 4 h resulted in a dose (40-160 mug/animal) and time (up to 6 h ... | 2009 | 19000704 |
| in vitro characterisation of koala chlamydia pneumoniae: morphology, inclusion development and doubling time. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human and animal pathogen associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. of the animal c. pneumoniae isolates, the koala nasal isolate (lpcoln) is by far the best genetically characterised. this current study was designed to characterise the morphology and developmental events for the lpcoln isolate, and our results showed several striking in vitro growth differences when compared to the human isolate, ar39. the lpcoln inclusion size and morphology ... | 2009 | 19026498 |
| effect of a waal mutation on lipopolysaccharide composition, oxidative stress survival, and virulence in erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, is an enterobacterial pathogen of rosaceous plants including apple and pear. we have been studying the response of e. amylovora to oxidative stress because, during infection, the bacterium elicits an oxidative burst response in host plants. during the screening of a transposon mutant library for hydrogen peroxide sensitivity, we identified a mutant carrying an insertion in waal, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, that was more ... | 2009 | 19076232 |
| cd105/endoglin expression in gorham disease of bone. | gorham disease is a rare pathological condition characterised by a proliferation of vascular channels of haematic and lymphatic origin in bone and adjacent soft tissues, which results in a progressive destruction of the involved bone segment. | 2009 | 19181633 |
| a brief history of vitamin d and cancer prevention. | to review the history of vitamin d and its use in cancer prevention. | 2009 | 19185802 |
| a polyphasic approach assigns the pathogenic erwinia strains from diseased pear trees in japan to erwinia pyrifoliae. | bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan (bsbp) is caused by erwinia strains which were formerly associated with the species erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. the description of erwinia pyrifoliae as a pear pathogen in korea renewed a possible connection of the pear pathogens in both countries. | 2009 | 19187512 |
| modified version of adm1 model for agro-waste application. | agro-residues account for a large proportion of the wastes generated around the world. there is thus a need for a model to simulate the anaerobic digestion processes used in their treatment. we have developed model based on adm1, to be applied to agro-wastes. we examined and tested the biodegradability of apple, pear, orange, rape, sunflower, pig manure and glycerol wastes to be used as the basis for feeding the model. moreover, the fractions of particulate cod (x(c)) were calculated, and the di ... | 2009 | 19201603 |
| reversible storage of lithium in a rambutan-like tin-carbon electrode. | fruity electrodes: a simple bottom-up self-assembly method was used to fabricate rambutan-like tin-carbon (sn@c) nanoarchitecture (see scheme, green sn) to improve the reversible storage of lithium in tin. the mechanism of the growth of the pear-like hairs is explored. | 2009 | 19156791 |
| implications of pathogenesis by erwinia amylovora on rosaceous stigmas to biological control of fire blight. | as a prerequisite to infection of flowers, erwinia amylovora grows epiphytically on stigmas, which provide a conducive habitat for bacterial growth. stigmas also support growth of several other bacterial genera, which allows for biological control of fire blight; although, in practice, it is very difficult to exclude e. amylovora completely from this habitat. we investigated the dynamics of growth suppression of e. amylovora by comparing the ability of virulent and avirulent strains of e. amylov ... | 2009 | 19159304 |
| high-yield production and characterization of biologically active recombinant aprotinin expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | aprotinin is a polypeptide composed of 58 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 6512da. the 58 amino acid residues are arranged in a single polypeptide chain, which is cross-linked by three disulfide bridges and folded to form a pear-shaped molecule. to express recombinant aprotinin in saccharomyces cerevisiae, a synthetic gene encoding aprotinin was constructed and fused in frame with the pre-sequence of the s. cerevisiae matalpha1 gene at the cleavage site of signal peptidase. the ... | 2009 | 19233283 |
| the rcs phosphorelay system is essential for pathogenicity in erwinia amylovora. | the rcs phosphorelay system is a modified two-component signal transduction system found exclusively in enterobacteriaceae. in this study, we characterized the roles of the rcs system in erwinia amylovora, a highly virulent and necrogenic enterobacterium causing fire blight disease on rosaceous plants. our results showed that rcsb, rcsc, rcsd and rcsbd mutants were non-pathogenic on immature pear fruit. the bacterial growth of these mutants was also greatly reduced compared with that of the wild ... | 2009 | 19236575 |
| epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease: old views and new perspectives. | the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (emt) is a fascinating phenotypic change that is undertaken by embryonic and adult cells in physiological and pathological conditions, respectively. this change in cell behavior involves the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of migratory properties. while it has long been established as a fundamental process in the generation of many different embryonic tissues, its significance during tumor progression as an initial determining step ... | 2009 | 19247945 |
| pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs: rationale and design of the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses (pear) study. | selection of antihypertensive therapy is often empiric, and use of genetic information to guide drug therapy selection holds future promise. | 2009 | 19249413 |
| international multidimensional authenticity specification (imas) algorithm for detection of commercial pomegranate juice adulteration. | the pomegranate fruit ( punica granatum ) has become an international high-value crop for the production of commercial pomegranate juice (pj). the perceived consumer value of pj is due in large part to its potential health benefits based on a significant body of medical research conducted with authentic pj. to establish criteria for authenticating pj, a new international multidimensional authenticity specifications (imas) algorithm was developed through consideration of existing databases and co ... | 2009 | 19249817 |
| the luxs gene is involved in ai-2 production, pathogenicity, and some phenotypes in erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight of apple, pear, and other members of the rosaceae family. the enzyme luxs catalyzes the last step in the production of autoinducer-2 (ai-2), a molecule implicated with quorum sensing in many bacterial species. it is now well recognized that luxs also plays a central role in sulfur metabolism and in the activated methyl cycle, which is responsible for the generation of s-adenosyl-l-methionine. a research paper has reported that luxs is not involved with quorum ... | 2009 | 18820970 |
| differential responses in pear and quince genotypes induced by fe deficiency and bicarbonate. | most of the studies carried out on fe deficiency condition in arboreous plants have been performed, with the exception of those carried out on plants grown in the field, in hydroponic culture utilizing a total iron depletion growth condition. this can cause great stress to plants. by introducing fe deficiency induced by the presence of bicarbonate, we found significant differences between pyrus communis l. cv. conference and cydonia oblonga mill. ba29 and ma clones, characterized by different le ... | 2009 | 19269060 |
| the selectivity in the time of thiacloprid (calypso 480 sc) applied at preblossom on the further anthocoris nemoralis population build up in pears. | predatory bugs (anthocoris sp.) are key predators of the pear sucker (psyllo pyri) in pear orchards. in order to enhance biological control it is important to verify if crop protection products applied against psylla pyri display potential short- or long-term detrimental effects on anthocoris populations. this study focuses on the impact of thiacloprid (calypso 480 sc), applied at preblossom for the control of the first generation pear sucker psylla pyri, on subsequent population build up of ant ... | 2009 | 20218534 |
| update on comparative genome mapping between malus and pyrus. | comparative genome mapping determines the linkage between homologous genes of related taxa. it has already been used in plants to characterize agronomically important genes in lesser studied species, using information from better studied species. in the maloideae sub-family, which includes fruit species such as apple, pear, loquat and quince, genome co-linearity has been suggested between the genera malus and pyrus; however map comparisons are incomplete to date. | 2009 | 19747407 |
| evidence for a photoprotective function of low-temperature-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple and pear peel. | the light requirement and low-temperature stimulation of anthocyanin synthesis in peel of apple (malus domestica) and pears (pyrus communis) and the presence of anthocyanins in immature fruits are not congruent with a visual function in dispersal. we hypothesized that anthocyanins afford photoprotection to peel during low-temperature-induced light stress and that the protection is not a fortuitous side-effect of light absorption by anthocyanin. the extent of photoinhibition at harvest and after ... | 2009 | 19493306 |
| [ameson hybomitrae sp. n. (microsporidia, pereziidae) from gadflies of karelia]. | microsporidia of the genus ameson were recorded from larvae of horseflies of the genus hybomitra in karelia. earlier these microsporidia were recorded from crustaceans. the infection extensiveness ranges from 5.1 to 10.5%. the parasites develop in musculature, fat body and salivary glands of the host. the new species has uninucleate, single-located egg- and pear-shaped spores. the ultrafine structure of developmental stages and spores is studied. | 2009 | 2524029 |
| sugar profiles and soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents of fruits in thailand markets. | the objective of the present study was to determine sugar and dietary fiber contents in 37 varieties of thai fruits. sugars were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and dietary fiber values were measured by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. the total sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose) content ranged from 4.5 g/100 g (strawberry) to 20.3 g/100 g (ripe banana; hawm variety) edible portion. all varieties of ripe banana provided good sources of glucose, fructose and total sugar. ... | 2009 | 19255919 |
| screening of antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of plant foods consumed in méxico on the breast cancer cell line mcf-7. | we evaluated the antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of 14 plant foods consumed in mexico on the breast cancer cell line mcf-7. the plant foods used were avocado, black sapote, guava, mango, prickly pear cactus stems (called nopal in mexico, cooked and raw), papaya, pineapple, four different cultivars of prickly pear fruit, grapes and tomato. β-carotene, total phenolics and gallic acid contents and the antioxidant capacity, measured by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power and the 2,2-d ... | 2009 | 19468947 |
| development of an improved isolation approach and simple sequence repeat markers to characterize phytophthora capsici populations in irrigation ponds in southern georgia. | phytophthora capsici, the causal agent of phytophthora blight, is a major concern in vegetable production in georgia and many other states in the united states. contamination of irrigation water sources by p. capsici may be an important source of inoculum for the pathogen. a simple method was developed in this study to improve the efficiency of recovering p. capsici from fruits used as baits in irrigation ponds. in contrast to direct isolation on agar plates, infected fruit tissues were used to ... | 2009 | 19581483 |
| intrauterine diagnosis of short-limbed dwarfism. | ten short-limbed fetuses caused by skeletal dysplasia were diagnosed prenatally from september 1984 through july 1988. the final diagnosis was thanatophoric dwarfism in 7 cases and osteogenesis imperfecta congenita in 3 cases. the diagnosis was based on sonographic findings in all cases and postnatal radiography was performed in 3 cases for further confirmation. sonographic examinations revealed markedly shortened limbs and other associated abnormalities, including abnormal skull appearance, pea ... | 2009 | 2699492 |
| [rhinitis and osmylogenic asthma caused by prickly pear. presentation of a clinical case]. | 2009 | 2749130 | |
| the multiple target use of spirodiclofen (envidor 240 sc) in ipm pomefruit in belgium. | envidor 240 sc, active ingredient spirodiclofen is a broad spectrum acaricide acting via lipid biosynthesis inhibition (lbi) with no cross resistance to currently available acaricides and with additional insecticidal properties. envidor is positive ipm listed but in frame of resistance management limited to one application per season. in pear growing envidor constitutes an important tool in pear sucker control in a tandem strategy with abamectine. being totally selective on predatory bugs anthoc ... | 2009 | 20218531 |
| baseline sensitivity of stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of pear brown spot, to boscalid. | 2009 | 20222565 | |
| monitoring of the entomological diversity in a pesticide free orchard: investigation of the gembloux agricultural university conservatory. | in orchards, the fruit production is currently oriented to integrated pest management. in order to develop efficient pest control strategy by using entomophagous beneficial and lowering the application of pesticides, sufficient knowledge of entomological populations is needed. here, a systematic monitoring of insect diversity and abundance in a conservatory orchard of gembloux was performed. combining yellow traps and visual observations, 19 pest and 34 beneficial families were identified among ... | 2009 | 20222593 |
| in vitro susceptibility of erwinia amylovora (burrill) winslow et. al. to citrus maxima essential oil. | regulatory constraints and environmental and human health concerns have promoted the search for alternative bio-control strategies of fire blight, a destructive disease of rosaceous plants which produces serious losses in apple and pear orchards all over the world. the aim of this study was to establish the antimicrobial activity of citrus maxima essential oil against erwinia amylovora. an agar diffusion method was used for the screening of the inhibitory effect of citrus maxima essential oil on ... | 2009 | 20583476 |
| the outer membrane protein tolc is required for phytoalexin resistance and virulence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on several plant species such as apple and pear, which produce diverse phytoalexins as defence mechanisms. an evolutionary successful pathogen thus must develop resistance mechanisms towards these toxic compounds. the e. amylovora outer membrane protein, tolc, might mediate phytoalexin resistance through its interaction with the multidrug efflux pump, acrab. to prove this, a tolc mutant and an acrb/tolc double mutant were constructed. the minimal inhibitory c ... | 2009 | 21255278 |
| complete genome sequence of pirellula staleyi type strain (atcc 27377). | pirellula staleyi schlesner and hirsch 1987 is the type species of the genus pirellula of the family planctomycetaceae. members of this pear- or teardrop-shaped bacterium show a clearly visible pointed attachment pole and can be distinguished from other planctomycetes by a lack of true stalks. strains closely related to the species have been isolated from fresh and brackish water, as well as from hypersaline lakes. here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome ... | 2009 | 21304671 |
| radiological and ct findings in a extensive upper-limb involvement of gorham's disease: a case report. | the gorham-stout syndrome (gorham's massive osteolysis) is a rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. the etiology is poorly understood. | 2009 | 19829979 |
| [clinical features of gorham-stout syndrome and literature review]. | to describe the clinical presentations, radiographic findings and histological pathology of bones, diagnosis, treatment options and prognosis for patients with gorham-stout syndrome (gss). | 2009 | 19484972 |
| gorham-stout syndrome with chylothorax: successful remission by interferon alpha-2b. | gorham-stout syndrome is a rare disease and most often recognized in children and young adults. chylothorax is a serious complication of gorham-stout syndrome. the treatment of either gorham-stout syndrome or chylothorax is still a dilemma. we described a 9-year-old girl with gorham-stout syndrome and chylothorax who was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea, orthopnea, and bone pain, and treated with interferon alpha-2b. | 2009 | 19434689 |
| gorhams disease: vanishing bone syndrome. | gorhams disease, also known as massive osteolysis or vanishing bone disease is an extremely rare bone disease. it is characterized by angiomatosis with adjacent bone resorption. we report an 8-years old boy with the disease who was managed successfully with alpha 2b interferon therapy. | 2009 | 19346574 |
| the gorham-stout syndrome: one lung ventilation with a bronchial blocker. a case of gorham's disease with chylothorax. | 2009 | 19207918 | |
| microscale mechanisms of gas exchange in fruit tissue. | * gas-filled intercellular spaces are considered the predominant pathways for gas transport through bulky plant organs such as fruit. here, we introduce a methodology that combines a geometrical model of the tissue microstructure with mathematical equations to describe gas exchange mechanisms involved in fruit respiration. * pear (pyrus communis) was chosen as a model system. the two-dimensional microstructure of cortex tissue was modelled based on light microscopy images. the transport of o(2) ... | 2009 | 19192195 |
| pistil-function breakdown in a new s-allele of european pear, s21*, confers self-compatibility. | european pear exhibits rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by the polymorphic s-locus. s-allele diversity of cultivars has been extensively investigated; however, no mutant alleles conferring self-compatibility have been reported. in this study, two european pear cultivars, 'abugo' and 'ceremeño', were classified as self-compatible after fruit/seed setting and pollen tube growth examination. s-genotyping through s-pcr and sequencing identified a new s-rnase allele in the two ... | 2009 | 19096853 |
| benefit of a 17-year long-term bisphosphonate therapy in a patient with gorham-stout syndrome. | this case report of a 61-year-old woman suffering from gorham-stout syndrome shows osteolyses of the left pelvis, proximal femur and lumbar spine. the therapeutic regime has included two courses of percutaneous radiotherapy and also continuous application of bisphosphonates over 17 years. despite this antiresorptive therapy, elevated urinary excretion of desoxypyridinoline has indicated the persistence of increased bone destruction. the radiological progression following bisphosphonate treatment ... | 2009 | 18807053 |
| mapping glycans onto specific n-linked glycosylation sites of pyrus communis pgip redefines the interface for epg-pgip interactions. | polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (pgips) are members of the leucine rich repeat family of proteins, involved in plant defense against fungal pathogens. pgips exhibit a remarkable degree of specificity in terms of their ability to bind and inhibit their target molecules, the endopolygalacturonases (epgs). this specificity has been attributed for certain epg/pgip combinations to differences in primary sequence, but this explanation is unable to account for the full range of binding and inhibi ... | 2009 | 19072240 |
| flavonoid compounds from pyrus communis l. flowers. | five flavonoid glycosides: kaempferol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (iv), isorhamnetin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (v), isorhamnetin 3-o-beta-d-(6''-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside (viii), 8-methoxykaempferol 3-o-beta-d-(2''-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside (vi), 8-methoxykaempferol 3-o-beta-d-(2''-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-glucopyranoside (vii) and chlorogenic acid (ix) were isolated from the flowers naturally growing pyrus communis l. they were identified by chemical and spect ... | 2009 | 12026113 |
| diffuse lymphangiomatosis--a fatal case with atypical skeletal features. | diffuse lymphangiomatosis is a rare idiopathic condition that occurs mostly in children, is characterized by a non-neoplastic proliferation of lymphatic vessels, leading to organ dysfunction, chylous effusions, and death. a closely related condition-the gorham-stout syndrome-is also characterized by lymphangiomatosis and chylous effusions, but also with massive osteolytic changes ("vanishing bone disease"). a 33-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of worsening chylous effusions and or ... | 2008 | 19011406 |
| [gorham-stout disease]. | gorham-stout disease is a rare entity characterised by a massive osteolysis and typically starts monocentrically in an isolated bone. concerning the pathogenesis, haemangiomatosis and an overstimulation of osteoclasts are discussed which cause a progressive destruction of the affected skeleton and involve neighbouring soft tissue in the further progress of the disease. | 2008 | 18846495 |
| disappearing bones: a case of gorham-stout disease. | 2008 | 18446639 | |
| an investigation of the psychometric properties of the mmpi-2 restructured clinical (rc) scales with mental health inpatients. | in this study, we compared the internal psychometric properties and external correlates of the mmpi-2 (butcher et al., 2001; tellegen et al., 2003) restructured clinical (rc) scales and corresponding mmpi-2 non-k-corrected clinical scales in a sample of 280 men and 264 women admitted to inpatient psychiatric units. we evaluated the internal psychometric properties of the rc and clinical scales by intercorrelation analyses and alpha coefficients. we investigated external correlates of scores from ... | 2008 | 18444120 |
| [a rare differential diagnosis of chylothorax]. | we present the case report of a 17-year-old patient with right pleural effusion and pre-existing lymphangiomas of the chest wall. thoracentesis revealed a salmon-milky effusion containing chylomicrones defining a chylothorax (with blood intermixture). a ct scan and mri showed multiple osteolysis. after excluding malignancy as well as infectious and traumatic causes of the chylothorax, we made the diagnosis of a gorham-stout syndrome. a minimal-invasive pleurectomy and decortication were done suc ... | 2008 | 18264894 |
| red 'anjou' pear has a higher photoprotective capacity than green 'anjou'. | photoprotective function of anthocyanins along with xanthophyll cycle and antioxidant system in fruit peel was investigated in red 'anjou' vs green 'anjou' pear (pyrus communis) during fruit development and in response to short-term exposure to high light. the sun-exposed peel of red 'anjou' had higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem ii (f(v)/f(m)) than that of green 'anjou' and both the sun-exposed peel and the shaded peel of red 'anjou' had smaller decreases in f(v)/f(m) after 2-h high li ... | 2008 | 18715235 |
| a lethal form of gorham disease associated with extensive musculoskeletal pneumatosis: case report and review of the literature. | we report here the imaging findings of a rare case of a lethal form of gorham disease in a young female patient. multimodality imaging findings over 13 year-follow-up demonstrated progressive wide spread skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities with permeative osteolysis, pathological fractures and severe skeletal deformities. unusual extensive osseous and soft tissue pneumatosis was illustrated on cross-sectional studies. the progressive nature of this form of gorham disease and the subsequent co ... | 2008 | 18629462 |
| factors involved in alleviating water stress by partial crop removal in pear trees. | we studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (pyrus communis l.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'conference') trees during ... | 2008 | 18595850 |
| enhancement of spermidine content and antioxidant capacity in transgenic pear shoots overexpressing apple spermidine synthase in response to salinity and hyperosmosis. | in our previous work, an apple spermidine synthase (spds)-overexpressing transgenic european pear (pyrus communis l. 'ballad'), line no. 32 (#32), demonstrated attenuated susceptibility to stress treatment. in the current paper, changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of the transgenic pear (line #32) were investigated in response to nacl or mannitol stress. under non-stressed conditions (before stress treatment), spermidine (spd) contents and spds activity of line #32 were h ... | 2008 | 18586287 |
| idiopathic calvarial thinning. | an 82-year-old diabetic female had been aware of gradually enlarging, painless scalp depressions in the bilateral parietal regions for more than 6 years. she had no history of head injury, or inflammatory or malignant disease. her family history was unremarkable for hereditary bone disease. she had diabetes mellitus which had been well controlled with orally administered drugs. blood examination showed normal renal and liver functions with normal serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus concentr ... | 2008 | 18574336 |
| gorham disease of the mandible: radiographic findings and radiotherapy response. | gorham disease, a rare condition of unknown etiology, is characterized histologically by bone disintegration and endothelial proliferation. we describe serial imaging findings, the treatment course, and radiotherapy response in a patient with pathologically confirmed gorham disease involving the right mandible. progressive mandibular resorption was managed initially with multiple surgical resections and reconstruction, followed by external-beam radiotherapy, which was an effective treatment meth ... | 2008 | 18561108 |
| gorham's disease: an osseous disease of lymphangiogenesis? | gorham's disease, also known as massive osteolysis, gorham-stout disease, vanishing bone disease, or, phantom bone disease is a rare disorder of the musculoskeletal system. the disease is characterized by osteolysis in bony segments, with localized proliferation of lymphatic channels. the presence of abundant, leaky systemic lymphatic vessels is often accompanied by chylous ascites. there is no standardized treatment available for gorham's disease, and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. fu ... | 2008 | 18519972 |
| a new gene for resistance to dysaphis pyri in pear and identification of flanking microsatellite markers. | dysaphis pyri is an important aphid pest of european pear (pyrus communis) cultivars, none of which are currently reported to be resistant. in this study, we produced a progeny of the european pear comice crossed with an accession of snow pear (pyrus nivalis) that segregated for resistance to d. pyri in a mendelian fashion, indicating the presence of a major gene, dp-1. following screening of the parents and seedlings with microsatellite markers, cosegregation analysis indicated that dp-1 is fla ... | 2008 | 19088815 |
| vanishing bone disease: review and case reports. | vanishing bone disease is a rare idiopathic disease, leading to extensive loss of bony matrix, replaced by proliferating thin-walled vascular channels and fibrous tissue. there are >191 cases reported in the english literature. gorham and stout made the first overview of the disease in 1955 and they first presented 24 cases known at that time. the etiology remains speculative, the prognosis unpredictable, and effective therapy still unknown. the disease can be monostotic or polyostotic although ... | 2008 | 19292231 |
| progressive gorham disease of the forearm. | gorham's-stout disease is a rare but potentially debilitating disease consisting of massive bone osteolysis and bone resorption associated with vascular proliferation and increased osteoclastic activity. although it can present in a wide variety of forms, it typically involves bones formed by intramembranous ossification such as the skull, pelvis, and scapula. it can occur spontaneously or after trauma. most cases are monofocal and resolved spontaneously, although there are reports of multifocal ... | 2008 | 19292225 |
| characterisation of secreted polysaccharides and (glyco)proteins from suspension cultures of pyrus communis. | high molecular weight material recovered from the culture filtrate of cell suspension cultured pyrus communis was composed of 81% carbohydrate, 13% protein and 5% inorganic material. this material was separated into three fractions (one neutral (fraction a) and two acidic (fractions b and c)), by anion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b using a gradient of imidazole-hcl at ph 7.0. the monosaccharide and linkage composition of each fraction was determined after carboxyl reduction of ... | 2008 | 18037144 |
| antioxidant content of fresh-cut pears stored in high-o2 active packages compared with conventional low-o2 active and passive modified atmosphere packaging. | the antioxidant content of fresh-cut 'flor de invierno' ( pyrus communis l.) pears dipped into a 0.75% w/v n-acetylcysteine + 0.75% w/v glutathione solution and packaged under 70 kpa of o2 atmospheres (hoa) was evaluated as an alternative to actively modified low-o2 atmosphere (loa) and passively modified atmospheres (pa). changes in color, vitamin c, individual phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut pears as well as in o2, co2, and ethylene headspace concentrations inside the ... | 2008 | 18189356 |
| [online detection of soluble solids content of pear by near infrared transmission spectrum]. | the research was to detect soluble solids content (ssc) of pear online by near infrared transmission spectrum. the movement speed of pear was 0.5 m x s(-1) the power of light source was 300 w, and semi-transmission was used to collect the spectrum of pears. the total experiment samples were 187 pears, with a calibration set of 147 pears and a validation set of 40 pears. partial least squares (pls) and principal component regression (pcr) technique were used to develop the calibration model for o ... | 2008 | 19271484 |
| hypersensitive response and acyl-homoserine lactone production of the fire blight antagonists erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae. | fire blight caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora can be controlled by antagonistic microorganisms. we characterized epiphytic bacteria isolated from healthy apple and pear trees in australia, named erwinia tasmaniensis, and the epiphytic bacterium erwinia billingiae from england for physiological properties, interaction with plants and interference with growth of e. amylovora. they reduced symptom formation by the fire blight pathogen on immature pears and the colonization of ... | 2008 | 21261861 |
| [prickly pear as an acid absorber]. | 2008 | 2631173 | |
| [detection of fruit juice adulteration in apple and pear juice]. | a method has been developed to detect the adulteration of pear juice with apples and apple juice with pears. in different varieties of apples and pears and in several commercial juices the flavonoids were examined by hplc with respect to their quality and quantity. the chalcones phloretin glucoside and phloretin xyloglucoside are typical compounds found in apples (detection limit 7 ng). they are suitable indicators for detecting adulteration of pear juice with apples. isohamnetin glucoside canno ... | 2008 | 2718633 |
| susceptibility of ceratitis capitata wiedemann (diptera: tephritidae) to entomopathogenic fungi. | the mediterranean fruit fly ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) is one of the most serious pest of fruits in syria and present all year round. this fly is active on different host plants, such as mango, peach, fig, apple, pear, and citrus. the number of generations per year varies with local temperatures and host plant. the objective of this research was: to evaluate the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on adults of c. capitata under laboratory conditions. flies for experiments were obtained f ... | 2008 | 19226799 |
| occurrence of patulin and its dietary intake through pear, peach, and apricot juices in italy. | pear, peach, apricot, and mixed juices (125 samples) were purchased in italian supermarkets and organic food shops and analysed for patulin content. an overall incidence of 34.4% was observed in the fruit juices, with a mean contamination level of 3.6 µg kg(-1). no one sample exceeded 50 µg kg(-1), the maximum permitted limit according to european legislation. however, 19 positive samples contained more than 10 µg kg(-1) of patulin, which is the maximum level permitted for baby food. the inciden ... | 2008 | 24784810 |
| multiresidue method for the determination of residues of 251 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. | a method is described for the determination of 251 pesticide and degradation product residues in fruit and vegetable samples. extraction of the sample with acetonitrile is followed by a salting-out step. co-extractives are removed by passing a portion of the acetonitrile extract through an octadecyl (c18) solid-phase extraction cleanup cartridge and then, in a second cleanup, through a carbon cartridge coupled to an amino propyl cartridge. determination is by gas chromatography with mass-selecti ... | 2008 | 10868594 |
| ampullary organs and electroreception in freshwater carcharhinus leucas. | the ampulla of lorenzini of juvenile carcharhlinus leucas differ histologically from those previously described for other elasmobranchs. the wall of the ampullary canal consists of protruding hillock-shaped epidermal cells that appear to secrete large quantities of a mucopolysaccharide gel. the ampullary organs comprise a long canal sheathed in collagen terminating in an ampulla. each ampulla contains six alveolar sacs, with each sac containing hundreds of receptor cells. the receptor cells are ... | 2008 | 14692487 |
| in vitro digestion of betalainic foods. stability and bioaccessibility of betaxanthins and betacyanins and antioxidative potential of food digesta. | betalains are considered to be bioactive dietary phytochemicals. the stability of betacyanins and betaxanthins from either fresh foods or manufactured products of cactus pear fruit ( opuntia ficus indica l. mill. cv. gialla and rossa) and red beet ( beta vulgaris l. ssp. vulgaris) was assessed in a simulated oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion and compared with the digestive stability of purified pigments. a minor loss of indicaxanthin, at the gastric-like environment only, and a decre ... | 2008 | 18959410 |
| identification and quantification of betalains from the fruits of 10 mexican prickly pear cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | qualitative and quantitative analyses of betalain pigments in 10 cultivars/lines of prickly pear (opuntia spp.) fruit grown in mexico were conducted with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (hplc-dad) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (esi-ms). betacyanins and betaxanthins were identified by comparison with the uv/vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as the retention times of semisynthesized reference betaxanthins. data revealed that ... | 2008 | 18578538 |
| efficacy results of insecticides against cydia pomonella, the codling moth, in belgium during the last decade (1998-2007). | the codling moth is an economically important top fruit pest, with its major flight from may till august. we give an overview of ten years of results of efficacy field trials against the codling moth cydia pomonella, with a number of commonly used products (diflubenzuron, fenoxycarb, flufenoxuron, indoxacarb, granulosis virus, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide). all trials were executed according to eppo guidelines. trials were performed in the belgian fruit growing area nearby sint-truiden, on a ... | 2008 | 19226808 |
| field evaluations of concentrated spray applications of microencapsulated sex pheromone for codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | the application of a microencapsulated (mec) sex pheromone formulation (checkmate cm-f) for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), in low volume, concentrated sprays was evaluated in a series of small plot and grower trials in apple, malus domestica borkhausen, and pear, pyrus communis l. preliminary tests found that mec sprays applied at 172-207 kilopascals in 12-23 liters/ha deposited the highest density of microcapsules per leaf. the addition of a latex sicker did not increase the deposition of ... | 2008 | 18801264 |
| diurnal variation of walnut tree volatiles and electrophysiological responses in cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | in recent years, many studies have been carried out on the behavioural and electrophysiological responses of cydia pomonella (l.) to host volatile emissions, to find alternative attractants to the sex pheromone for pest monitoring. these studies have focused on apple and pear, and very little has been done on walnut. in the present work, the diurnal and seasonal variation in walnut volatile emissions and the electrophysiological response of c. pomonella have been studied. | 2008 | 18300208 |
| three-dimensional gas exchange pathways in pome fruit characterized by synchrotron x-ray computed tomography. | our understanding of the gas exchange mechanisms in plant organs critically depends on insights in the three-dimensional (3-d) structural arrangement of cells and voids. using synchrotron radiation x-ray tomography, we obtained for the first time high-contrast 3-d absorption images of in vivo fruit tissues of high moisture content at 1.4-microm resolution and 3-d phase contrast images of cell assemblies at a resolution as low as 0.7 microm, enabling visualization of individual cell morphology, c ... | 2008 | 18417636 |
| an antibacterial pyrazole derivative from burkholderia glumae, a bacterial pathogen of rice. | burkholderia glumae, a bacterial pathogen on rice, produced compounds in liquid culture that, in agar diffusion assays, gave strong inhibitory action against erwinia amylovora, the bacterium responsible for fire blight disease of apple and pear trees. products were isolated from culture medium by cation exchange and then purified by bioassay-guided chromatographic methods. two major products were obtained, one of which was not active when fully purified. each product showed a single ninhydrin-st ... | 2008 | 18834606 |
| the c-terminal half of the hrpn virulence protein of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora is essential for its secretion and for its virulence and avirulence activities. | the hrpn (harpin) protein of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora is an essential virulence factor secreted via the bacterial type iii secretion system. hrpn also has avirulence activity when delivered to tobacco by e. amylovora and has defense elicitor activity when applied to plants as a cell-free protein extract. here, we characterize a series of random mutations in hrpn that altered the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein. amino acid substitutions and deletions in the highly c ... | 2008 | 18842089 |
| medicinal agents in the metabolic syndrome. | the metabolic syndrome (ms) has become a worldwide health problem. it is difficult for patients to follow a diet/exercise regime that would improve their symptoms, therefore the investigation of agents that may deal with its more serious aspects is an important medical field for research. the cardiovascular consequences associated with the syndrome and some of the therapeutic approaches are discussed. the different agents can be divided into several groups: inorganic/ organic: zinc complexes wit ... | 2008 | 18855636 |
| isolation and identification of species of alicyclobacillus from orchard soil in the western cape, south africa. | alicyclobacilli were isolated from orchard soil collected from an apple and pear farm in elgin, western cape, south africa. morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics of the isolates were used to presumptively classify them as belonging to the genus alicyclobacillus. strains were identified to species level by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with genus-specific primers, and 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing. to our knowledge this is the first report on the isolation of a ... | 2008 | 17938854 |
| effect of chitin on the antagonistic activity of cryptococcus laurentii against penicillium expansum in pear fruit. | this study was designed to evaluate the impact of chitin on the antagonistic activity of cryptococcus laurentii against the postharvest blue mold rot caused by penicillium expansum in pear fruit. the results showed that the antagonistic activity of c. laurentii obtained from the culture media of nutrient yeast dextrose broth (nydb) amended with chitin at 0.5-1.0% was improved greatly compared with the case that without chitin. the addition of chitin to nydb did not influence the growth of c. lau ... | 2008 | 18162192 |
| deletion of a 236 kb region around s 4-rnase in a stylar-part mutant s 4sm-haplotype of japanese pear. | japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) has a gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) mechanism controlled by a single s-locus with multiple s-haplotypes, each of which contains separate genes that determine the allelic identity of pistil and pollen. the pistil s gene is the s-ribonuclease (s-rnase) gene, whereas good candidates for the pollen s gene are the f-box protein genes. a self-compatible (sc) cultivar, 'osa-nijisseiki', which is a bud mutant of 'nijisseiki' (s (2) s (4)), has a stylar-par ... | 2008 | 18175198 |
| sperm morphology and chromatin integrity in swedish warmblood stallions and their relationship to pregnancy rates. | artificial insemination is not as widely used in horses as in other domestic species, such as dairy cattle and pigs, partly because of the wide variation in sperm quality between stallion ejaculates and partly due to decreased fertility following the use of cooled transported spermatozoa. furthermore, predictive tests for sperm fertilising ability are lacking. the objective of the present study was to assess sperm morphology and chromatin integrity in ejaculates obtained from 11 warmblood breedi ... | 2008 | 18179691 |
| comparative analysis of polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tunisian pome fruit pulp and peel aqueous acetone extracts. | pome trees, apple, pear, and quince, are classified into the subfamily pomoideae, belonging to the rosaceae family. their autumnal fruits are consumed worldwide in different forms, that is, fresh or transformed into jams, jelly, juices, etc. their well-established beneficial properties to human health were found mainly related to their phenolic content. pulp and peel aqueous acetone extracts obtained from tunisian fruits at commercial maturity were comparatively evaluated for their phenolic prof ... | 2008 | 18181568 |
| efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in new zealand apple orchards. | the behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (e,e-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in new zealand apple orchards. a range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. ... | 2008 | 18189264 |
| efficiency assessment of a swift method to enhance substandard viability ram ejaculates. | semen availability in ram semen processing facilities is of great importance for the genetic improvement of sheep. accordingly, any method that would increase sperm viability in low viability ejaculates could be useful. in this study, the possibility of a glass beads filtration method by estimating the beads total surface provided (tsp) for adhesion of spermatozoa, was evaluated. initially, two different tsp (102 and 154 cm(2)) achieved by various sizes of beads (1500, 2000 and 3000 microm) were ... | 2008 | 18199267 |
| role of sertoli cell number and function on regulation of spermatogenesis. | testicular function is under the control of expression and repression of several genes and gene products, and many of these works through sertoli cells. the capability of sertoli cells to regulate spermatogenesis is dependent on sertoli cell functions and sertoli cell number. sertoli cell number has long been thought to be stable in adults with no proliferation of sertoli cells once adult numbers have been reached. however, adult horses do not have stable sertoli cell numbers, and new studies in ... | 2008 | 18242891 |
| natural phenanthrenes and their biological activity. | the aim of this review is to survey the various naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds that have been isolated from different plants. only one review has previously been published on this topic. gorham (1989) reviewed the structures, biosynthesis, separations and spectroscopy of stilbenes and phenanthrenes. the present study furnishes an overview of the hydroxy or/and methoxy-substituted 9,10-dihydro/phenanthrenes, methylated, prenylated and other monomeric derivatives, dimeric and trimeric ... | 2008 | 18243254 |
| risk assessment of metals from consuming vegetables, fruits and rice grown on soils irrigated with waters of the ebro river in catalonia, spain. | the concentrations of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), copper (cu), mercury (hg), manganese (mn), nickel (ni), and lead (pb) were determined in samples of various edible vegetables (artichoke, cauliflower, lettuce, tomato), fruits (apple, mandarin, orange, pear) and rice grown in soils irrigated with water from the ebro river in tarragona province (catalonia, spain). although all food items were randomly acquired in various localities of the area, the local origin was always verified. ... | 2008 | 18322656 |
| particle films for managing arthropod pests of apple. | a two-season study showed that a calendar-based spray program to manage arthropod pests with kaolin (60 g/liter) applied at the rate of 450 liters/ha was effective against european apple sawfly, hoplocampa testudinea (klug) (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae); white apple leafhopper, typhlocyba pomaria mcatee (homoptera: cicadellidae); apple red bug, lygidea mendax reuter (heteroptera: miridae); pear plant bug, lygocoris communis (knight) (heteroptera: miridae); and the apple rust mite, aculus schlech ... | 2008 | 18330129 |
| feeding substrates and behaviors of western cherry fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae). | a study was conducted to determine the abundance of potential foods and the feeding substrates and behaviors of the western cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis indifferens curran (diptera: tephritidae), in 2005, 2006, and 2007 in central washington state. aphid colonies with honeydew, a presumed food source for flies, were not seen on randomly selected branches of sweet cherry trees, prunus avium l., but leaves with cherry juice, fruit that were damaged, and leaves with bird feces were commonly seen, e ... | 2008 | 18348808 |
| measurement of glenoid bone loss: a comparison of measurement error between 45 degrees and 0 degrees bone loss models and with different posterior arthroscopy portal locations. | osteotomies at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the glenoid were originally used in a cadaveric model to simulate the bone loss that can occur clinically in anterior instability of the shoulder. however, this type of glenoid defect is not consistent with the usual clinical scenario, in which bone loss occurs nearly parallel (at 0 degrees) to the long axis of the glenoid. | 2008 | 18354146 |
| ultrastructural study on acibenzolar-s-methyl-induced scab resistance in epidermal pectin layers of japanese pear leaves. | the infection behavior of japanese pear scab pathogen venturia nashicola race 1 was studied ultrastructurally in acibenzolar-s-methyl (asm)-pretreated susceptible japanese pear (cv. kousui) leaves to determine the mechanism of asm-induced scab resistance. on asm-pretreated leaf surfaces, the infection behavior (conidial germination and appressorial formation) was similar to that on distilled water (dw)-pretreated leaves prior to cuticle penetration by the pathogen. however, after penetration, di ... | 2008 | 18943227 |
| antibiosis and acidification by pantoea agglomerans strain e325 may contribute to suppression of erwinia amylovora. | pantoea agglomerans strain e325, a commercially available antagonist for fire blight of apple and pear, was originally selected through screening based on suppression of erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas, but specific mechanisms of antagonism were unknown. bacterial modification of ph was evaluated as a possible mechanism by analyzing stigma exudates extracted from 'gala' apple stigmas. the ph values for field samples were only slightly lower than controls, but indicated a range (ph 5 to 6) co ... | 2008 | 18943460 |