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development of multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification for detection of human respiratory tract viruses.a group of common lower respiratory tract infections, influenza a, influenza b, human parainfluenza virus 1-4 (hpiv1-4), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rubella virus (rv) and coxsackie virus (csv), were selected for the development of a multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay. quantifiable measurement utilizing an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide capture (eoc) optical detection method, which was described previously, alleviated the requirement of specialized instrument ...201020447419
hospitalization for lower respiratory tract disease in preterm infants: effects of prophylaxis with palivizumab.to evaluate the effect of palivizumab prophylaxis on hospitalization for acute respiratory tract infections (rti) in preterm infants, a prospective study was performed on a cohort of preterm infants [gestational age (ga) <32 weeks], admitted at birth to a neonatology intensive care unit (nicu) (follow-up: 30-month after discharge). 154 palivizumab-recipients and 71 palivizumab-non-recipients were evaluated. during follow-up, a similar rate of hospitalization for rti was found in the two groups ( ...201020227990
proton-driven assembly of the rous sarcoma virus capsid protein results in the formation of icosahedral particles.in a mature and infectious retroviral particle, the capsid protein (ca) forms a shell surrounding the genomic rna and the replicative machinery of the virus. the irregular nature of this capsid shell precludes direct atomic resolution structural analysis. ca hexamers and pentamers are the fundamental building blocks of the capsid, however the pentameric state, in particular, remains poorly characterized. we have developed an efficient in vitro protocol for studying the assembly of rous sarcoma v ...201020228062
assessing the burden of paediatric influenza in europe: the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project.the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project is a multi-country project that was created to collect, analyse and present data regarding the paediatric influenza burden in european countries, with the purpose of providing the necessary information to make evidence-based decisions regarding influenza immunisation recommendations for children. the initial approach taken is based on existing weekly virological and age-specific influenza-like illness (ili) data from surveillance networks ...201020229049
methods for monitoring dynamics of pulmonary rsv replication by viral culture and by real-time reverse transcription-pcr in vivo: detection of abortive viral replication.viral infection is normally detected either by viral culture or by pcr methods. rarely is a combination of the two techniques used in the same study. yet, when applied simultaneously, viral culture and pcr may reveal important features of viral biology, such as an abortive replication, as in the case of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in this unit, we describe methods for detecting abortive rsv replication in a cotton rat model by using the plaque-forming unit assay and the real-tim ...201020235102
pharmacologic advances in the treatment and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus.currently, only 2 drugs have been approved for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of rsv in high-risk children. ribavirin is approved for treatment of severe rsv disease; however, its effectiveness in improving outcomes is questionable. during the past 40 years, many obstacles have delayed the development of safe and effective vaccines and treatment regimens. this article reviews these obstacles and presents the novel devel ...201020235830
validation of a model to predict hospitalization due to rsv of infants born at 33-35 weeks' gestation.a model to predict hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) of infants born at 33- 35 weeks' gestation was developed using seven risk factors from the spanish flip study "birth +/-10 weeks from the beginning of the rsv season", "birth weight", "breast fed <or=2 months", "number of siblings >or=2 years", "number of family members with atopy", "number of family members with wheezing", and "gender". the aim of this study was to validate the model using french data.201020297901
respiratory syncytial virus outbreak defined by rapid screening in a neonatal intensive care unit.palivizumab is currently licensed for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children with chronic lung disease, with a history of preterm birth, or with haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, but its routine use during outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (nicus) is not currently recommended. here we report an outbreak in a nicu detected during a screening trial for rsv infection using a rapid antigen test (respi- ...201020299133
detection and control of a nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a stem cell transplantation unit: the role of palivizumab.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common community-acquired virus that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, hematologic malignancy patients, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. nosocomial transmission of rsv in immunocompromised patients can significantly affect morbidity, mortality, and duration of hospitalization. stringent infection control measurements are needed to control further hospital transmission. prophylactic palivizumab was foun ...201020304082
nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in neonatal intensive care and intermediate care units: a prospective epidemiologic study.to test the hypothesis that a considerable number of preterm infants acquire respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) within the hospital during the postnatal stay, a prospective epidemiologic survey was performed. nasopharyngeal swabs were taken twice weekly for a period of 8 weeks from preterm infants, medical/nursing staff, and parents during the peak of rsv season 2007/2008 and tested for rsv by polymerase chain reaction. of 1002 samples, only 4 tested positive (2 from a patient, 2 from staff). seq ...201020305582
respiratory syncytial virus-positive bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants is associated with thrombocytosis.secondary thrombocytosis is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, one of which is lower respiratory tract infection. however, reports on thrombocytosis induced by viral infections are scarce.201020450128
breastfeeding is associated with the production of type i interferon in infants infected with influenza virus.breast milk-mediated protection against respiratory viruses is well established. however, protective mechanisms are unclear. type i interferons (ifn) mediate host defence against respiratory viruses, particularly influenza virus. the relationship among type i ifn, respiratory viral infections and breastfeeding has not been explored.201020456265
incidence and morbidity of human metapneumovirus and other community-acquired respiratory viruses in lung transplant recipients.to determine the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in respiratory tract infections (rtis) of lung transplant recipients, 60 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study spanning from september 2005 to november 2007. community-acquired respiratory viruses (carvs) were identified by polymerase chain reaction and tissue culture in respiratory secretions. of 112 rtis, 51 were associated with > or =1 carv, including 7 hmpv, 13 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 19 parainfluenza virus 1, 2, o ...201020456714
massively parallel pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analyses of small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus), a vector insect transmitting rice stripe virus (rsv).the small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus) is an important agricultural pest that not only damages rice plants by sap-sucking, but also acts as a vector that transmits rice stripe virus (rsv), which can cause even more serious yield loss. despite being a model organism for studying entomology, population biology, plant protection, molecular interactions among plants, viruses and insects, only a few genomic sequences are available for this species. to investigate its transcriptome and d ...201020462456
multicenter study of clinical performance of the 3m rapid detection rsv test.this multicenter study evaluated the clinical performance of the 3m rapid detection rsv test (3mrsv) compared to a composite reference standard of r-mix culture and direct specimen immunofluorescence for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the performance of the binaxnow rsv test was also evaluated using this reference standard. in a secondary analysis, discordant results were arbitrated using the gen-probe/prodesse proflu+ reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay. subjects were stra ...201020463154
withdrawn: ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for many hospitalizations annually. ribavirin is approved for treatment of these infections, but its use is controversial because of questions about its efficacy, concerns about occupational exposure, and its high cost.201020464715
styrylbenzimidazoles. synthesis and biological activity - part 3.as a follow up of an anti-flaviviridae project, a new series of variously substituted 2-styryl-benzimidazoles were synthesized and tested in vitro for biological activity. compounds were tested in cell-based assays against viruses representative of: i) two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. pestiviruses and flaviviruses; ii) other rna virus families, such as retroviridae, picornaviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae and reoviridae; iii) two dna virus families (herpesviridae a ...201020470249
quantitative proteome profiling of respiratory virus-infected lung epithelial cells.respiratory virus infections are among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza (piv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of respiratory illness in humans. especially young children and the elderly are susceptible to infections with these viruses. in this study we aim to gain detailed insight into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory virus infections by studying the protein expression profiles of ...201020470912
part 4. interaction between air pollution and respiratory viruses: time-series study of daily mortality and hospital admissions in hong kong.background: populations in asia are not only at risk of harm to their health through environmental degradation as a result of worsening pollution problems but also constantly threatened by recurring and emerging influenza epidemics and. pandemics. situated in the area with the world's fastest growing economy and close to hypothetical epicenters of influenza transmission, hong kong offers a special opportunity for testing environmental management and public health surveillance in the region. in t ...201021446214
[the development of vector constructions for respiratory syncitial virus (rsv) p-gene silencing].interfering rna (rnai) is a powerful tool to silence gene expression on the level of mrna. to knock-down gene expression by using rnai two major methods of mrna silencing exist. first method utilizes sirna (small interfering rna), a readily processed dsrna, that enters risc complex and destroy target mrna after transfection into the cells. the second method based on the construction of plasmid dna that expresses shrna (short harpin rna) from u6 or cmv promoter. shrna gets processed by drosha and ...201021400723
serious early childhood wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract illness in preterm infants.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lri) in early life has been associated with sustained airway hyperreactivity during childhood; however, corresponding data in premature infants are sparse.201021353110
respiratory syncytial virus testing during bronchiolitis episodes of care in an integrated health care delivery system: a retrospective cohort study.bronchiolitis has the highest incidence rate of any lower respiratory infection among infants and children <2 years of age. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiology of bronchiolitis. the american academy of pediatrics does not recommend routine rsv testing for infants and children with bronchiolitis. the clinical predictors of rsv testing are unknown. objectives: the aims of this study were to identify the rates and predictors of rsv testing during bronchiolitis and to explo ...201021316538
[frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children attending a care center in mexico city].to describe the frequency of respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics in children with respiratory signs and symptoms in a tertiary care center in mexico.201021271012
mortality attributable to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in san luis potosí, mexico.acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. starting in 2009, pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus has become one of the leading respiratory pathogens worldwide. however, the overall impact of this virus as a cause of mortality has not been clearly defined.201021306570
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.201021306574
influenza and other respiratory viruses in three central american countries.despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in central america, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.201021306576
[human metapneumoviruses were isolated from infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing].to obtain isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains from clinical specimens collected from infants and children in beijing and to promote the investigation on this important respiratory pathogen.201021215024
local cytokine response upon respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalization and respiratory distress and has been recognized for several decades as a major health and economic burden worldwide. this virus has developed several virulence mechanisms to impair the establishment of a protective immune response to re-infection. accordingly, inefficient immunological memory is usually generated after exposure to this pathogen. furthermore, it has been shown that rsv can actively promote the in ...201021195729
the impact of prophylaxis on paediatric intensive care unit admissions for rsv infection: a retrospective, single-centre study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children aged <2 years. the aim of this retrospective, single-centre study was to examine the characteristics of patients admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with rsv infection following the implementation of a rsv prophylaxis programme. electronic hospital medical records of all picu admissions for rsv infection were searched from 2003 to 2009. data on baseline de ...201021174120
[a pathogenic and clinical study of 882 cases of adult influenza-like illness in guangzhou].this study was undertaken to describe the viral etiology and clinical features in patients with influenza-like illness (ili) in guangzhou.201021176504
evaluation of the 3m rapid detection test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children during the early stages of the 2009 rsv season.we report the results of the 3m rapid detection respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay. this study includes pediatric patient results from nasopharyngeal swabs submitted from october to december 2009. there was a sensitivity of 74% and specificity approaching 100% compared to the pcr-based xtag respiratory viral panel.201021177903
structural and functional analysis of the rous sarcoma virus negative regulator of splicing and demonstration of its activation by the 9g8 sr protein.retroviruses require both spliced and unspliced rnas for replication. accumulation of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) unspliced rna depends upon the negative regulator of splicing (nrs). its 5'-part is considered as an ese binding sr proteins. its 3'-part contains a decoy 5'-splice site (ss), which inhibits splicing at the bona fide 5'-ss. only the 3d structure of a small nrs fragment had been experimentally studied. here, by chemical and enzymatic probing, we determine the 2d structure of the entire r ...201021183462
aik-c measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. in this report, recombinant aik-c measles vaccines, expressing the rsv g or f protein of subgroup a (mvaik/rsv/g or f), were investigated as a rsv vaccine candidate. mvaik/rsv/g or f had the original ts phenotype and expressed rsv/g or f protein. cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against rsv subgroups a and b were detected in cotton rats immunized intramuscularly with ...201021185852
clinical prediction rule for rsv bronchiolitis in healthy newborns: prognostic birth cohort study.our goal was to determine predictors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) among healthy newborns.201021187309
respiratory syncytial virus represses glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene activation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. although antiinflammatory in nature, glucocorticoids have been shown to be ineffective in the treatment of rsv-induced bronchiolitis and wheezing. in addition, the effectiveness of glucocorticoids at inhibiting rsv-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in cell culture has been questioned. in this study, we have investigated the effect of rsv infection on glucocorticoid-induced gene activation in lung epitheliu ...201021190962
decreased serum antibody responses to recombinant pneumocystis antigens in hiv-infected and uninfected current smokers.serologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission of pneumocystis jirovecii. exposure to p. jirovecii can be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (msgc), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. we determined the magnitudes of antibody responses to p. jirovecii in comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hiv-infected ...201021191078
respiratory outcomes, utilization and costs 12 months following a respiratory syncytial virus diagnosis among commercially insured late-preterm infants.to determine, among a commercially-insured population of late-preterm infants, utilization of healthcare resources and costs during the 1 year following a diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infection (rsv lri).201021192761
pulmonary surfactant in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: the role in pathogenesis and clinical implications.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection, and the most frequent reason for hospitalization among infants throughout the world. in addition to the acute consequences of the disease, rsv bronchiolitis in early childhood is related to further development of recurrent wheezing and asthma. despite the medical and economic burden of the disease, therapeutic options are limited to supportive measures, and mechanical ventilation in severe ...201021194166
the burden of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in rural thailand.we describe the epidemiology of hospitalized rsv infections for all age groups from population-based surveillance in two rural provinces in thailand.201021152047
performance of a rapid antigen test (binax now® rsv) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a pediatric population.infants from alaska's yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) have a high respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate (104/1000/yr). appropriate patient management requires rapid and accurate rsv diagnosis. antigen-based methods are often used in clinical settings, but these tests can lack sensitivity.201021163694
gene structures, classification and expression models of the ap2/erebp transcription factor family in rice.we identified 163 ap2/erebp (apetala2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein) genes in rice. we analyzed gene structures, phylogenies, domain duplication, genome localizations and expression profiles. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny construction using the ap2/erf conserved domain sequence suggest that in rice the osap2/erebp gene family can be classified broadly into four subfamilies [ap2, rav (related to abi3/vp1), dreb (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein) and erf ( ...201021169347
serum sp-d levels as a biomarker of lung injury in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.to evaluate whether sp-d concentration is a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, we determined sp-d concentrations in patients with rsv bronchiolitis with or without chronic heart disease. we enrolled 52 patients who had been diagnosed with rsv bronchiolitis and required admission to the hospital at the department of pediatrics of fukushima medical university school of medicine from 2004 through 2005. these patients were divided into two groups: gr ...201021171185
the use of a neonatal mouse model to study respiratory syncytial virus infections.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most significant cause of viral death in infants worldwide. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disease underscores the urgent need for the development of an rsv vaccine. the development of an rsv vaccine has been hampered by our limited understanding of the human host immune system, which plays a significant role in rsv pathogenesis, susceptibility and vaccine efficacy. as a result, animal models have been developed to ...201021133663
management of rsv infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of seasonal respiratory viral infection in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. rsv usually presents as an upper respiratory tract infection in this patient population but may progress rapidly to lower respiratory tract infection. available therapies that have been used for the treatment of rsv infections are limited to ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. the use of aerosolized ribavirin, alon ...201021139081
fine mapping of qstv11tq, a major gene conferring resistance to rice stripe disease.the indica rice cultivar, teqing, shows a high level of resistance to rice stripe virus (rsv). it is believed that this resistance is controlled by the gene, qstv11(tq). for positional cloning of the resistance gene, a set of chromosome single segment substitution lines (csssls) was constructed, all of which had the genetic background of the susceptible japonica cultivar, lemont, with different single substituted segments of teqing on chromosome 11. by identifying the resistance of the csssls-20 ...201021140255
antiviral and lung protective activity of a novel rsv fusion inhibitor in a mouse model.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes bronchiolitis in young children and common colds in adults. there is no licensed vaccine, and prophylactic treatment with palivizumab is very expensive and limited to high risk infants. ribavirin is used as an antiviral treatment in infants and immunosuppressed patients, and its use is limited due to side effects, toxicity to the recipient and staff and evidence of marginal clinical efficacy. we therefore studied the in vivo kinetics, antiviral and protec ...201021148224
[experimental research on anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid].to explore the antivirus function in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ecf) by researching its effect on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201021110430
[research on the methods for titrating respiratory syncytial virus].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants. it is very important to quantitative assay of rsv titer in the study on rsv pathogenesis, candidate vaccine and antiviral treatment. therefore, we develop real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) assay and enzyme immunospots (eis) for titrating rsv and compare them with traditional 50% tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50).201021110441
detection of respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle amplified immuno-polymerase chain reaction.in traditional immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr), a single antibody recognition event is associated with one to three dna tags, which are subsequently amplified by pcr. here we describe a nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr (npa-ipcr) assay that combines antibody recognition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a 50-fold nanoparticle valence amplification step prior to tag amplification by pcr. the assay detects a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surface protein using an ...201021111702
altered cardiac rhythm in infants with bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus infection.although the most frequent extra-pulmonary manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection involve the cardiovascular system, no data regarding heart function in infants with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection have yet been systematically collected. the aim of this study was to verify the real frequency of heart involvement in patients with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection, and whether infants with mild or moderate disease also risk heart malfunction.201020969802
respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bone marrow stromal cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. the pathophysiology of this infection in the respiratory system has been studied extensively, but little is known about its consequences in other systems. we studied whether rsv infects human bone marrow stromal cells (bmsc) in vitro and in vivo, and investigated whether and how this infection affects bmsc structure and hematopoietic support function. primary human bmsc were infected in vitro ...201020971883
serum antibodies critically affect virus-specific cd4+/cd8+ t cell balance during respiratory syncytial virus infections.following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), reinfection in healthy individuals is common and presumably due to ineffective memory t cell responses. in peripheral blood of healthy adults, a higher cd4(+)/cd8(+) memory t cell ratio was observed compared with the ratio of virus-specific effector cd4(+)/cd8(+) t cells that we had found in earlier work during primary rsv infections. in mice, we show that an enhanced ratio of rsv-specific neutralizing to nonneutralizing abs profoundly ...201020971927
interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ polymorphisms enhance cytokine production by human macrophages exposed to respiratory viruses.interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ (il-6⁻¹⁷⁴) and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ (tnfα⁻³⁰⁸) are high-cytokine-producing genotypes that are known to increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases, but their influence on cytokine production induced by respiratory viruses is unknown. we exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages from il-6⁻¹⁷⁴, tnfα⁻³⁰⁸, and normal genotype donors to different respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulation was associated with higher il-6 concentrations in il-6⁻¹ ...201020973681
surface display of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins in lactococcus lactis nz9000.a system for displaying heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis nz9000 was developed.201020973806
bayesian inference of the number of factors in gene-expression analysis: application to human virus challenge studies.nonparametric bayesian techniques have been developed recently to extend the sophistication of factor models, allowing one to infer the number of appropriate factors from the observed data. we consider such techniques for sparse factor analysis, with application to gene-expression data from three virus challenge studies. particular attention is placed on employing the beta process (bp), the indian buffet process (ibp), and related sparseness-promoting techniques to infer a proper number of facto ...201021062443
performance of a nurse-led paediatric point of care service for respiratory syncytial virus testing in secondary care.to evaluate respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-point-of-care-testing (poct) performance among paediatric patients with respiratory symptoms, using the binaxnow(®) rsv assay performed by trained nurses on the paediatric ward, and compare results with those obtained by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201021073893
[two cases of symptomatic west syndrome suffering from severe respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis].we report two cases of symptomatic west syndrome with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis: one was a 9-month-old boy who was hospitalized for shock, and the other was a 15-month-old boy in pre-shock condition. both cases needed mechanical ventilation for approximately 2 weeks. seizures from the primary disease worsened in both patients during the infection, and both needed long periods of hospitalization, which resulted in a considerable reduction in their quality of l ...201021077358
treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review.palivizumab has proven efficacy for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants with prematurity or congenital heart disease. despite a paucity of data, palivizumab is sometimes used to prevent progression when high-risk patients present with upper respiratory tract infection (urti) due to rsv, or as therapy when any patients present with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by rsv.201021080142
efficient lung recruitment of respiratory syncytial virus-specific th1 cells induced by recombinant bacillus calmette-guérin promotes virus clearance and protects from infection.infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a th2-biased immune response. such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or uv-inactivated rsv, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the rsv-g protein. recently, we have shown that vaccination with rbcg-expressing rsv ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. to further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible ...201021084664
[full-length cdna sequence analysis of avian leukosis viruses subgroup j isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma].to understand the molecular characteristics of subgroup j avian leukosis viruses (alv-j) isolated from chickens with clinical hemangioma, as well as to get more information for controlling the spread of alv-j in layer chickens flocks.201021090269
risk factors in children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis versus non-rsv bronchiolitis.the trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.201021098154
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the major genes in respiratory syncytial virus isolated from infants with bronchiolitis.we performed the genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated from 17 infants with bronchiolitis in kanagawa prefecture, japan in 2005 and 2006. the major genes in these samples (attachment [g] glycoprotein gene, fusion [f] protein gene, and nucleoprotein [n] gene) were sequenced and analyzed genetically. phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that 7 and 10 strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the ...201021099088
right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.previous studies have demonstrated the development of myocardial damage and hepatitis in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess right ventricular function in children with severe rsv disease and to investigate an association with disease severity, myocardial damage, and hepatitis.201021102401
respiratory virus infection and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in central ontario, canada.in temperate climates, invasive meningococcal disease (imd) incidence tends to coincide with or closely follow peak incidence of influenza virus infection; at a seasonal level, increased influenza activity frequently correlates with increased seasonal risk of imd.201021103353
nucleoprotein-rna orientation in the measles virus nucleocapsid by three-dimensional electron microscopy.recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein-rna (n-rna) helices were analyzed by negative-stain electron microscopy. three-dimensional reconstructions of trypsin-digested and intact nucleocapsids coupled to the docking of the atomic structure of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) n-rna subunit into the electron microscopy density map support a model that places the rna at the exterior of the helix and the disordered c-terminal domain toward the helix interior, and they suggest the position of the ...201021106738
circulating antibody-secreting cells during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults.the specificity and duration of circulating human antibody-secreting cells (ascs) after vaccination have been well described, but characteristics of ascs during acute respiratory infections have not been well studied.201020979459
assembly and immunological properties of newcastle disease virus-like particles containing the respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious respiratory pathogen in infants and young children as well as elderly and immunocompromised populations. however, no rsv vaccines are available. we have explored the potential of virus-like particles (vlps) as an rsv vaccine candidate. vlps composed entirely of rsv proteins were produced at levels inadequate for their preparation as immunogens. however, vlps composed of the newcastle disease virus (ndv) nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and c ...201020980510
the role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception.viral respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing are extremely common during early life and remain a frequent cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. although many children who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and reductions in lung function at school age begin wheezing during the first several years of life. whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or si ...201021029935
respiratory syncytial virus infections in the adult asthmatic--mechanisms of host susceptibility and viral subversion.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is also conjectured to be an early-life influence on the development of asthma. although the data supporting a role for rsv in bronchiolitis in children are robust and evidence to support its role in juvenile asthmatics exists, rsv's role in asthma pathogenesis in adults is not as clearly defined. the authors review the literature to further elucidate rsv ...201021029936
influenza a infection in young infants.objective to determine the clinical characteristics of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with influenza a. study design the study was a retrospective analysis of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with fever, respiratory distress and/or sepsis. clinical signs, laboratory values, hospital duration and outcome were compared between children with influenza a and other viruses. results the charts of 268 infants were reviewed. 29 (11%) children had laboratory-confirmed influenza a infection. unique ...201021030378
a community health concern: respiratory syncytial virus and children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant health issue. nearly all children contract rsv by 3 years of age. this virus causes mild cold-like symptoms in older children and adults. however, in infants and toddlers, it causes serious lower respiratory tract infections. recovery from rsv can be lengthy, and caring for an unwell child can become a burden for a family. prevention plans for those children that are at highest risk have been helpful in reducing the incidence of rsv. the america ...201021035019
the role of cytokines and chemokines in severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and subsequent asthma.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. the mechanism is largely unknown. rsv stimulates airway epithelial cells and resident leukocytes to release cytokines. cytokines and chemokines involved in host response to rsv infection are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis. in addition, rsv infection early in life has been associated with the development of asthma in later childhood. it is ...201021035355
targeting specific genes for rna interference is crucial to the development of strong resistance to rice stripe virus.rice stripe virus (rsv) has a serious negative effect on rice production in temperate regions of east asia. focusing on the putative importance of the selection of target sequences for rna interference (rnai), we analysed the effects of potential target sequences in each of the coding genes in the rsv genome, using transgenic rice plants that expressed a set of inverted-repeat (ir) constructs. the reactions of inoculated transgenic t(1) plants to rsv were divided subjectively into three classes, ...201021040387
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections in the russian federation: a prospective, multicenter study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children, and is responsible for an estimated four million deaths per year globally. a monthly injection of palivizumab has been used for prophylaxis of serious rsv infections among high-risk children in 71 countries since 1998 and approval for use in the russian federation was obtained in february 2010. a recommendation for rsv prophylaxis in the russian federation would r ...201021042555
predicting the start week of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks using real time weather variables.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of bronchiolitis, has a large impact on the census of pediatric hospitals during outbreak seasons. reliable prediction of the week these outbreaks will start, based on readily available data, could help pediatric hospitals better prepare for large outbreaks.201021044325
bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis.preliminary evidence suggests that viral-pertussis coinfections are common in nonvaccinated infants.201021046700
a high-throughput screening strategy to overcome virus instability.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a widely distributed pathogen that causes severe disease in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. both vaccine development and drug discovery have been hampered by the inherent instability of the virus itself. drug discovery efforts have had limited success due, at least in part, to the lack of an antiviral assay robust enough for high-throughput screening. instability of the purified virus has long been recognized as a problem in rsv rese ...201021050067
conserved cysteine residues within the attachment g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus play a critical role in the enhancement of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses.the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response plays an important role in the control of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication and the establishment of a th1-cd4+ t cell response against the virus. despite lacking major histocompatibility complex i (mhc i)-restricted epitopes, the attachment g glycoprotein of rsv enhances ctl activity toward other rsv antigens, and this effect depends on its conserved central region. here, we report that rsv-g can also improve ctl activity toward antigens fro ...201021053062
[etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia in children].to investigate the etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia (hap) in children.201021055271
high rate of viral identification and coinfections in infants with acute bronchiolitis.to determine the viruses and risk factors associated with hospital and intensive care unit (icu) admissions in infants with acute bronchiolitis.201021243286
modeling competing infectious pathogens from a bayesian perspective: application to influenza studies with incomplete laboratory results.in seasonal influenza epidemics, pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) often co-circulate with influenza and cause influenza-like illness (ili) in human hosts. however, it is often impractical to test for each potential pathogen or to collect specimens for each observed ili episode, making inference about influenza transmission difficult. in the setting of infectious diseases, missing outcomes impose a particular challenge because of the dependence among individuals. we propose a b ...201021472041
exploratory spatial analysis of in vitro respiratory syncytial virus co-infections.the cell response to virus infection and virus perturbation of that response is dynamic and is reflected by changes in cell susceptibility to infection. in this study, we evaluated the response of human epithelial cells to sequential infections with human respiratory syncytial virus strains a2 and b to determine if a primary infection with one strain will impact the ability of cells to be infected with the second as a function of virus strain and time elapsed between the two exposures. infected ...201021994640
viral detection using dna functionalized gold filaments.early detection of pediatric viruses is critical to effective intervention. a successful clinical tool must have a low detection limit, be simple to use and report results quickly. no current method meets all three of these criteria. in this report, we describe an approach that combines simple, rapid processing and label free detection. the method detects viral rna using dna hairpin structures covalently attached to a gold filament. in this design, the gold filament serves both to simplify proce ...200920448919
[factors related to recurrent wheezing after hospitalization with rsv infection with the children who were aged three years old or younger: a questionnaire survey].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infancy have been related to the subsequent recurrent wheezing and asthma. however, there are a few reports about the relationship between rsv infection and subsequent wheezing in japan. we sought to determine the contributing factors for wheezing illness after rsv infection in 99 japanese patients with rsv-associated hospitalizations by questionnaire and follow up survey. fifty eight patients, who were aged three years old or younger on admission ...200920168069
[an etiological study on acute respiratory infection among inpatient children in suzhou].to investigate the pathogen of children with acute respiratory infection (ari) in suzhou and to provide some evidences for clinical diagnosis and treatment.200920137465
[effects of respiratory syncytial virus upon expressions of mrna and protein of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells].to explore the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) upon the expressions of mrna and protein of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) in human embryonic lung fibroblast cells.200920137698
the role of toll-like receptors in regulating the immune response against respiratory syncytial virus.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a distinct role in battling respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. however, due to a lack of representative animal models and several early controversies, the field is unclear. in this systematic review, we have elucidated conflicting results and outlined important factors that might affect study outcomes. we reviewed studies that used different doses/viral strains, performed virus propagation in different cell lines, or used different mice strains. the fol ...200920121698
variation of respiratory syncytial virus and the relation with meteorological factors in different winter seasons.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important viral agent causing severe respiratory disease in infants and children. in temperate climates, rsv activity typically peaks during winter. we have described the seasonal variation in rsv activity and investigated which meteorological variables are related to rsv outbreaks for different time lags.200920118684
[isolation and identification of avian leukosis virus-b from layer chickens infected with avian leukosis virus-j].two strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b) were isolated for the first time in china hy-line white on the cultured df-1 cells which were inoculated tissue samples from by an elisa assay, a histopathology examination and a pcr-based diagnosis. the results from the elisa assay indicated that the positive rate of serum antibodies to alv-b and alv-j virus were 16.3% (15/92) and 13% (12/92), respectively. the histopathological examination indicated that two types of tumor cells existed at ...200920077935
motavizumab.motavizumab (medi-524, numax) is a second generation monoclonal antibody (mab) derived from palivizumab (synagis) using affinity maturation techniques. motavizumab is currently undergoing us food and drug administration review as a treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis. it has been evaluated in large-scale clinical studies, and has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the disease burden of rsv in high-risk infant populations.200920065632
anti-virus effect of traditional chinese medicine yi-fu-qing granule on acute respiratory tract infections.yi-fu-qing granule is a traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections. the present study sought to investigate the anti-virus effects of yi-fu-qing granule on acute respiratory infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human adenoviruses type 3 (ad3). the cytotoxicity of yi-fu-qing granule was evaluated by the neutral red assay on hela cells. the antiviral effect of yi-fu-qing granule was tested by observing the cytopathogenic effect (cpe) with ...200920103834
[transcription factors in spinal dorsal root ganglion in rats recurrently infected with respiratory syncytial virus].to elucidate intracellular transcription factor activation of c(7) approximately t(5) dorsal root ganglia in rats recurrently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).200920045913
[effect of an active component from forsythia suspensa (thunb.) vahl against respiratory syncytial virus in vitro].to study the extraction of an active component lc-4 from forsythia suspensa (thunb.) vahl and anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) effect in vitro.200920047236
nanoparticle vaccines against respiratory viruses.influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3v) are the major viral agents which are consistently involved in causing lower respiratory tract disease in humans and animals. the virus infection begins in the upper respiratory tract, where immune responses are initiated, and then progresses to the lower respiratory tract where destruction of cells and tissues leads to bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, which is occasionally fatal. nanoparticle vacc ...200920049806
genetics, recombination and clinical features of human rhinovirus species c (hrv-c) infections; interactions of hrv-c with other respiratory viruses.to estimate the frequency, molecular epidemiological and clinical associations of infection with the newly described species c variants of human rhinoviruses (hrv), 3243 diagnostic respiratory samples referred for diagnostic testing in edinburgh were screened using a vp4-encoding region-based selective polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for hrv-c along with parallel pcr testing for 13 other respiratory viruses. hrv-c was the third most frequently detected behind respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) an ...200920041158
the burden of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis on a pediatric inpatient service.respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is the single leading cause of pediatric admissions for infants in the first year of life, presenting regularly in epidemic proportions in the winter months and impacting in major way on pediatric inpatient services.200919960846
[viral etiology of acute respiratory infections].acute respiratory infections (ari) are pathologies that affect the respiratory tract from the proximal pharynx to the lungs, with an evolution of less than 15 days. they constitute the most frequent cause of morbimortality in the world. with the purpose of identifying the viral agents associated to this type of infections in patients of zulia state, venezuela, between february 2005 and july 2006, a total of 102 samples of the respiratory tract (oropharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, nasopharyn ...200919961058
crystal structure of a nucleocapsid-like nucleoprotein-rna complex of respiratory syncytial virus.the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen, yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat infection. to help elucidate the replication mechanism of this rna virus, we determined the three-dimensional (3d) crystal structure at 3.3 a resolution of a decameric, annular ribonucleoprotein complex of the rsv nucleoprotein (n) bound to rna. this complex mimics one turn of the viral helical nucleocapsid complex, which serves as template for viral rna synt ...200919965480
the level and duration of rsv-specific maternal igg in infants in kilifi kenya.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. the rate of decay of rsv-specific maternal antibodies (rsv-matab), the factors affecting cord blood levels, and the relationship between these levels and protection from infection are poorly defined.200919956576
evaluation of alternative respiratory syndromes for specific syndromic surveillance of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus: a time series analysis.syndromic surveillance is increasingly being evaluated for its potential for early warning of increased disease activity in the population. however, interpretation is hampered by the difficulty of attributing a causative pathogen. we described the temporal relationship between laboratory counts of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detection and alternative groupings of emergency department (ed) respiratory diagnoses.200919943970
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