Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| receptor (slam [cd150]) recognition and the v protein sustain swift lymphocyte-based invasion of mucosal tissue and lymphatic organs by a morbillivirus. | experimental infections of ferrets with canine distemper virus (cdv) recapitulate many hallmarks of measles: rash, high fever, viremia, depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, lowered leukocyte counts, and reduced lymphocyte proliferation activity. to understand how a morbillivirus invades the host and causes immunosuppression, we generated cdv either unable to recognize one of the receptors or incapable of expressing either one or both of the candidate interferon antagonist prote ... | 2006 | 16731947 |
| cidofovir for the treatment of adenoviral infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. | adenovirus (adv) infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). the virus is endemic in the general pediatric population and frequently causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients, especially children. we report our experience with cidofovir (cdv) for treatment of adv infection in 57 hsct patients, median age 8 years (range 0.5-26). | 2006 | 16732176 |
| detection of canine distemper virus in dogs by real-time rt-pcr. | canine distemper virus is the etiological agent of a severe disease in dogs and many other carnivores. clinical diagnosis of canine distemper is difficult due to the broad spectrum of signs that may be confounded with other respiratory and enteric diseases of dogs. accordingly, a laboratory confirmation is required for suspected cases. in this study a real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for detection and quantitation of canine distemper virus. the assay exhibited high specificity as all the neg ... | 2006 | 16750863 |
| a molecular study of hippocampus in dogs with convulsion during canine distemper virus encephalitis. | in this study, we have investigated the expression of the nuclear transcription factor (c-fos, nfkb), growth factors (nerve growth factor--ngf, brain-derived neurotrophic factor--bdnf), peptides (enkephalin, galanin) and glutamate transporter (aa 504-523 rat eaac1) in 6 dogs sacrificed immediately after seizure attack during encephalomyelitis due to canine distemper virus (cdv) (as assessed by clinical examination, rt-pcr and viral rna detection either in blood or brain tissue and cdv immunohist ... | 2006 | 16765333 |
| application of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of the immune status to canine parvovirus and distemper virus in adult dogs before revaccination. | a growing body of literature has been published indicating that the current practice of annual vaccination of dogs may not be beneficial and in some cases may even be harmful. a number of publications have proposed assessing the immune status of dogs before annual revaccination. in this study the usefulness of a commercially available dot-elisa kit was evaluated to determine the duration igg antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) in 158 dogs vaccinated at lea ... | 2006 | 16789715 |
| activities of alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir (cdv), cyclic cdv, and (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine against orthopoxviruses in cell monolayers and in organotypic cultures. | the potencies of several alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against vaccinia virus and cowpox virus were evaluated in cell monolayers and three-dimensional epithelial raft cultures. prodrugs were at least 20-fold more active than their parent compounds. octadecycloxyethyl-(s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine emerged as the most potent derivative. | 2006 | 16801436 |
| serological responses of adult dogs to revaccination against distemper, parvovirus and rabies. | serum antibody titres to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and rabies were measured in dogs that had not been revaccinated annually and compared with the titres in a control group of regularly vaccinated animals; 83 per cent (171 of 207) of the dogs vaccinated against cdv one or more years earlier had serum neutralising antibody titres equal to or greater than 16; 64 per cent (136 of 213) of the dogs vaccinated against cpv one or more years earlier had haemagglutination inhib ... | 2006 | 16816154 |
| immunomodulatory properties of morbillivirus nucleoproteins. | morbillivirus infections have been known for a long time to be associated with an acute immunosuppression in their natural hosts. here, we show that recombinant morbillivirus nucleoproteins from canine distemper virus, peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, and rinderpest virus bind b-lymphocytes from dogs, goats, and cattle, respectively, similarly to measles virus nucleoprotein in humans. the use of surface plasmon resonance imaging allowed the real time detection of differential interactions betwe ... | 2006 | 16817775 |
| canine microglial cells: stereotypy in immunophenotype and specificity in function? | microglial cells represent the endogenous immune system of the central nervous system (cns). upon pathological insults they reveal their immunological potential aimed at regaining homeostasis. these reactions have long been believed to follow a uniform and unspecific pattern which is irrespective to the underlying disease entity. evidence is growing that this view seriously underrates microglial competence as the defenders of the cns. in the present study, microglial cells of 47 dogs were examin ... | 2006 | 16834995 |
| antemortem diagnosis of cdv infection by rt-pcr in distemper dogs with neurological deficits without the typical clinical presentation. | in dogs with neurological disturbances without myoclonus and extraneural signs, the clinical diagnosis of distemper is difficult perform. considering the great infectious potential of the disease, the possibility of carrying out an antemortem diagnosis of distemper is important, particularly in hospitalized patients with neurological disease. the present study was carried out to evaluate rt-pcr for antemortem cdv detection in hospitalized dogs with neurological disturbances without the typical f ... | 2006 | 16838210 |
| effect of recombinant canine distemper vaccine on antibody titers in previously vaccinated dogs. | two canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine types are currently commercially available: modified-live virus (mlv) vaccines and a canarypox recombinant cdv (rcdv) vaccine (recombitek, merial). this study compared the ability of the rcdv vaccine and mlv vaccines to significantly enhance (boost) the antibody response of previously immunized adult and juvenile dogs. a significant (fourfold or greater) increase in titer occurred in significantly more dogs revaccinated with recombitek c-4 or recombitek c ... | 2006 | 16871492 |
| effect of vaccination with recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine immediately before exposure under shelter-like conditions. | vaccination with modified-live virus (mlv) canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine has historically been recommended for animals in high-risk environments because of the rapid onset of immunity following vaccination. recombinant cdv (rcdv) vaccine was deemed a suitable alternative to mlv-cdv vaccination in pet dogs, but insufficient data precluded its use where cdv was a serious threat to puppies, such as in shelters, kennels, and pet stores. in this study, dogs experimentally challenged hours afte ... | 2006 | 16871493 |
| canine distemper virus induces apoptosis through caspase-3 and -8 activation in vero cells. | we investigated the signal-transduction pathway of canine distemper virus-onderstepoort (cdv-ond) vaccine strain-mediated apoptosis in vero cells. canine distemper virus-onderstepoort at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.1 induced dna fragmentation 48 h after infection. immunofluorescence staining revealed that 57% +/- 4% of the cdv-n-protein-positive cells were terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick-end labeling (tunel)-positive, and all tunel-positive cells were cdv-n-pr ... | 2006 | 16907958 |
| demography, hunting ecology, and pathogen exposure of domestic dogs in the isoso of bolivia. | disease is increasingly recognized as a threat to the conservation of wildlife, and in many cases the source of disease outbreaks in wild carnivores is the domestic dog. for disease to spill over from a domestic to a wild population, three conditions must be satisfied: susceptibility of the wild species, presence of the disease agent in the domestic population, and contact between the two populations of interest. we investigated the potential for disease spillover from the domestic dog populatio ... | 2006 | 16909569 |
| detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. | in a prospective study we evaluated the use of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in urine samples to diagnose canine distemper virus in dogs with progressive neurological disease. a fragment of the nucleoprotein gene of canine distemper virus was amplified from the urine of 22 distemper dogs. the body fluids and leukocytes of 12 asymptomatic dogs were rt-pcr negative. rt-pcr of urine samples was more sensitive than serum and leukocytes and at least as sensitive as cere ... | 2006 | 15878186 |
| morbilliviruses and human disease. | morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family paramyxoviridae. the most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (mv) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild self-limiting infection to death. canine distemper virus (cdv) and rinderpest virus (rpv) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental mv infection of primates, have b ... | 2006 | 16362981 |
| canine adenovirus type 2 infection in four puppies with neurological signs. | four nine- to 11-week-old puppies developed respiratory and neurological signs due to an infection with canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2); three of these were euthanased. they had moderate, diffuse pneumonia but there were no histological abnormalities in the central nervous system. adenovirus-specific nucleic acid was detected by pcr in samples of lung and brain and the amplified product was 99.8 per cent homologous with the cav-2 reference strain toronto a26/61. the positive pcr result was conf ... | 2006 | 16428663 |
| enhanced antiproliferative effects of alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir in human cervical cancer cells in vitro. | nearly all cervical cancers are associated with the high-risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) expressing the e6 and e7 oncoproteins. the e6 and e7 oncoproteins reduce cellular levels of the p53 and the retinoblastoma (prb) tumor suppressors, respectively, and represent an important component of the malignant phenotype. several groups have shown that treatment with cidofovir suppresses levels of e6 and e7, restoring cellular p53 and prb levels, in turn slowing cell replication and increasi ... | 2006 | 16432174 |
| serologic survey of select infectious diseases in coyotes and raccoons in nebraska. | to obtain data about select zoonotic and other infectious diseases in free-ranging predators in five ecoregions in nebraska, sera were collected from 67 coyotes (canis latrans) and 63 raccoons (procyon lotor) from november 2002 through january 2003. for coyotes, antibodies were detected against canine distemper virus (cdv, 61%), francisella tularensis (32%), rickettsia rickettsi (13%), and flaviviruses (48%). none of the coyote sera had antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, brucella canis, or six ... | 2005 | 16456169 |
| a serologic survey for antibodies to three canine viruses in wolverines (gulo gulo) from the brooks range, alaska. | canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) are pathogens that are typically associated with canids but may cause serious disease in a wide range of other carnivores. from 1998 to 2002, serum samples from 64 wolverines (gulo gulo) from the brooks range, alaska, were tested for antibodies to cdv, cpv-2, and canine adenovirus (cav). four animals tested positive for antibodies to cdv (7%), one for antibodies to cpv-2 (2%), and none for antibo ... | 2005 | 16456170 |
| canine distemper virus-induced depletion of uninfected lymphocytes is associated with apoptosis. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a negative stranded rna morbillivirus, causes a multisystemic disease in dogs, which is associated with a severe immune suppression. the aim of the study was to examine the influence of early cdv infection on leukocyte depletion, lymphopenia and virus-induced cell death in dogs infected with a virulent cdv strain. from 10 infected dogs, peripheral blood leukocytes were harvested periodically, phenotyped and analyzed for cdv antigen content and apoptosis using annexi ... | 2005 | 15661329 |
| nearby clusters of hemagglutinin residues sustain slam-dependent canine distemper virus entry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (slam, cd150) is the universal morbillivirus receptor. based on the identification of measles virus (mv) hemagglutinin (h) amino acids supporting human slam-dependent cell entry, we mutated canine distemper virus (cdv) h and identified residues necessary for efficient canine slam-dependent membrane fusion. these residues are located in two nearby clusters in a new cdv h structural model. to completely abolish slam-dependent fusion, combinations of mutati ... | 2005 | 15827201 |
| comparison of the antiviral activities of alkoxyalkyl and alkyl esters of cidofovir against human and murine cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. | alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir (cdv) have substantially greater antiviral activity and selectivity than unmodified cdv against herpesviruses and orthopoxviruses in vitro. enhancement of antiviral activity was also noted when cyclic cdv was esterified with alkoxyalkanols. in vitro antiviral activity of the most active analogs against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and orthopoxviruses was increased relative to cdv up to 1,000- or 200-fold, respectively. alkyl chain length and linker structure are i ... | 2005 | 15673748 |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals: a brief overview. | since 1987, at least eight morbillivirus infection (mi) epidemics have caused mass mortality of several free-living pinniped and cetacean populations around the world. the responsible agents, all belonging to the genus morbillivirus (family paramyxoviridae), have been characterized as either "canine distemper virus" strains, infecting pinnipeds, or as three new morbilliviruses, namely "phocid (phocine) distemper virus" , "porpoise morbillivirus" and "dolphin morbillivirus" . the last two agents ... | 2005 | 15737178 |
| in vitro canine distemper virus infection of canine lymphoid cells: a prelude to oncolytic therapy for lymphoma. | measles virus (mv) causes the regression of human lymphoma xenografts. the purpose of this study was to determine if canine lymphoid cells could be infected in vitro with mv or canine distemper virus (cdv, the canine morbillivirus equivalent of mv) and determine if in vitro viral infection leads to apoptotic cell death. | 2005 | 15746063 |
| growth characteristics of canine distemper virus in a new cell line cct cells originated from canine malignant histiocytosis. | canine distemper virus (cdv) growth and the morphological characterization were examined in a cell line established from a canine malignant histiocytosis (cct cell line). the susceptibility of the cct cells to 3 cdv strains, fxno, ysa-tc and md-77 was shown by detection of the antigen in the indirect fluorescent assay. after passaging 4 and 9 times through the cct cells, only fxno strain could produce the syncytia where demonstrated the antigens. titers of 9 passaged viruses through the cct cell ... | 2005 | 15750320 |
| comparison of the immunofluorescence assay with rt-pcr and nested pcr in the diagnosis of canine distemper. | two pairs of primers were prepared, both localized within the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene (np) of canine distemper virus (cdv). a number of experiments were done to optimize the conditions of rt-pcr and nested pcr methods. the nucleic acids of the onderstepoort, rockborn, snyder hill and lederle strains of cdv could be detected with these primers. however, they did not react with the sequences of the edmonston strain of the measles virus. the detection limit for rt-pcr was 10 tcid50 and ... | 2005 | 15751584 |
| 'rescue' of mini-genomic constructs and viruses by combinations of morbillivirus n, p and l proteins. | chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat)-expressing negative-sense mini-genomic constructs of measles virus (mv) and rinderpest virus (rpv) were rescued by standard technology with helper plasmids expressing the nucleocapsid (n), phospho- (p) and large (l) proteins of mv, canine distemper virus (cdv) or rpv in order to determine whether the proteins of different viruses can function together. homogeneous sets consisting of n, p and l plasmids derived from one virus were able to generate reporter ... | 2005 | 15784901 |
| induction of castration by immunization of male dogs with recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-canine distemper virus (cdv) t helper cell epitope p35. | immunocastration is a considerable alternative to a surgical castration method especially in male animal species for alleviating unwanted male behaviors and characteristics. induction of high titer of antibody specific for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) correlates with the regression of testes. fusion proteins composed of canine gnrh and t helper (th) cell epitope p35 originated from canine distemper virus (cdv) f protein and goat rotavirus vp6 protein were produced in e. coli. when these ... | 2005 | 15785119 |
| incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets. | to determine incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets. | 2005 | 15786992 |
| canine distemper virus associated proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes in vitro. | infection of canine footpads with canine distemper virus (cdv) can result in so-called hard pad disease characterized by footpad epidermal proliferation and hyperkeratosis. cultured canine footpad keratinocytes (cfk) were inoculated with a virulent canine distemper virus strain (a75/17-cdv) to study the effects of cdv-infection on keratinocyte proliferation. infection was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for cdv nucleoprotein (n-protein) antigen and mrna. cdv caused a p ... | 2005 | 15795073 |
| development in lipid drugs. | lipopeptide lipid moieties induce dendritic cell (dc) internalization and epitopes are recognized by mhc, the major histocompatibility complex. hiv-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) lipopeptide vaccine candidate elicits immune responses, and sustains hiv control after highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). mp- and dp-mart (anti-melanoma lipopeptides) induce strong ctl (cytolytic t lymphocyte) response. new bgtc, bgda, tgkc lipoplexes mediate gene delivery, e.g., into mouse pancreati ... | 2005 | 15892690 |
| the fusion protein of wild-type canine distemper virus is a major determinant of persistent infection. | the wild-type a75/17 canine distemper virus (cdv) strain induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system but infects cell lines very inefficiently. in contrast, the genetically more distant onderstepoort cdv vaccine strain (op-cdv) induces extensive syncytia formation. here, we investigated the roles of wild-type fusion (f(wt)) and attachment (h(wt)) proteins in vero cells expressing, or not, the canine slam receptor by transfection experiments and by studying recombinants viruses e ... | 2005 | 15893783 |
| growth profiles of recent canine distemper isolates on vero cells expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam). | fresh samples of lymph node, lung and cerebrum taken post mortem from dogs no. 1, 2 and 3 yielded canine distemper virus (cdv) strains 007 lm, 009 l and 011 c, respectively. these were titrated on vero cells stably expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam; vero-dst cells). growth curves of the three strains were produced by titration of the released virus and cell-associated virus at various timepoints. all three isolates, especially 007 lm, grew well on vero-dst cells. ... | 2005 | 15899494 |
| three-year duration of immunity in dogs following vaccination against canine adenovirus type-1, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus. | a challenge-of-immunity study was conducted to demonstrate immunity in dogs 3 years after their second vaccination with a new multivalent, modified-live vaccine containing canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine parvovirus (cpv), and canine distemper virus (cdv). twenty-three seronegative pups were vaccinated at 7 and 11 weeks of age. eighteen seronegative pups, randomized into groups of six dogs, served as challenge controls. dogs were kept in strict isolation for 3 years following the vaccina ... | 2005 | 15906266 |
| the role of supplementary dietary antioxidants on immune response in puppies. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementary antioxidants (aox) and whey protein on the immune function health of puppies. four groups of 10 puppies were fed a control and 3 different test foods (control + antioxidants (aox), control + aox + 1% whey protein, and a grocery brand (low aox)) for 6 weeks. a standard vaccination protocol with a combination canine parvovirus (cpv) and distemper (cdv) vaccine was carried out at 2 and 4 weeks. the results showed that animals o ... | 2005 | 15906269 |
| the growth profiles of three types of canine distemper virus on vero cells expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule. | to know growth profiles of canine distemper virus (cdv) on vero cells stably expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (vero-dogslamtag; vero-dst cells), the propagation of three strains of cdv was tested in vero-dst cells in comparison with parental vero cells. strain md77 could grow well in both cell lines, but demonstrated no syncytium formation or indistinguishable rounding cytopathic effects (cpe) in vero cells. strains onderstepoort and kdk-1 also grew well in vero-dst cel ... | 2005 | 15942133 |
| juvenile cellulitis in an 8-month-old dog. | an 8-month-old, crossbred dog, presented with a painful, swollen face. the problem was of 4 weeks duration and had not responded to antibiotics. a diagnosis of canine juvenile cellulitis was based on the clinical presentation and supportive cytological and histopathological changes. attempts to identify canine distemper virus were not successful. complete resolution occurred with glucocorticoid therapy. this is the first report of canine juvenile cellulitis in a dog of this age. | 2005 | 15957388 |
| characterization and treatment of cidofovir-resistant vaccinia (wr strain) virus infections in cell culture and in mice. | the wild-type (wt) vaccinia (wr strain) virus is highly virulent to mice by intranasal inoculation, yet death can be prevented by cidofovir treatment. a cidofovir-resistant (cdv-r) mutant of the virus was developed by 15 vero cell culture passages in order to determine cross-resistance to other inhibitors, growth characteristics, virulence in infected mice, and suitability of the animal model for studying antiviral therapies. comparisons were made to the original wt virus and to a wt virus passa ... | 2005 | 16004083 |
| scrg1 is induced in tse and brain injuries, and associated with autophagy. | we have previously identified scrg1, a gene with increased cerebral mrna levels in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and creutzfeldt-jakob disease. in this study, scrg1-immunoreactive cells, essentially neurons, were shown to be widely distributed throughout the brain of scrapie-infected mice, while only rare and weakly immunoreactive cells could be detected in the brain of non-infected normal mice. induction of the protein was conf ... | 2005 | 16029203 |
| measles virus superinfection immunity and receptor redistribution in persistently infected nt2 cells. | a recombinant measles virus (mv) expressing red fluorescent protein (mvdsred1) was used to produce a persistently infected cell line (pint2-mvdsred1) from human neural precursor (nt2) cells. a similar cell line (pint2-mvegfp) was generated using a virus that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein. intracytoplasmic inclusions containing the viral nucleocapsid protein were evident in all cells and viral glycoproteins were present at the cell surface. nevertheless, the cells did not release i ... | 2005 | 16033977 |
| occurrence of colombian datura virus in brugmansia hybrids, physalis peruviana l. and solanum muricatum ait. in hungary. | colombian datura virus (cdv) has been found to infect angel trumpets (brugmansia spp.) frequently and cape gooseberry (physalis peruviana) and pepino (solanum muricatum) sporadically in hungary. a cdv brg/h isolate was characterized. it had flexuous thread-like virions of about 750 x 12 nm in size. host range and symptomathological studies revealed its great similarity to authentic cdv isolates. nicotiana tabacum cultivars and lines resistant to potato virus y (pvyn) either genically or transgen ... | 2005 | 16047739 |
| mechanism of inhibition of vaccinia virus dna polymerase by cidofovir diphosphate. | cidofovir (cdv) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has been approved for clinical use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. it has also been used off label to treat a variety of other viral infections, including those caused by orf and molluscum contagiosum poxviruses. because it is a dcmp analog, cdv is thought to act by inhibiting viral dna polymerases. however, the details of the inhibitory mechanism are not well established and nothing is known about the mechanism by which the ... | 2005 | 16048917 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the large polymerase protein (l) gene of peste-des-petits ruminants (ppr) vaccine virus of indian origin. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the large polymerase (l) protein of the peste-des-petits ruminants (ppr) vaccine virus (pprv sungri/96) belonging to the asian lineage was determined. the gene was 6643 nucleotides in length from the gene-start to the gene-end and encoded a polypeptide of 2183 amino acids. the pprv sungri/96 has a nucleotide homology of 94.1% for pprv nigeria 75/1 to 64.4% for canine distemper virus. at amino acid level pprv sungri/96 has an amino acid identity of 96.2% with p ... | 2005 | 16052284 |
| serologic survey for selected virus infections in polar bears at svalbard. | polar bears (ursus maritimus) were chemically immobilized and sampled at svalbard, norway, and on the pack ice in the barents sea from late march to mid-may between 1990 and 1998. plasma samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), calicivirus, phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1), and rabies virus. a seroprevalence of 8% to cdv and 2% to calicivirus were found, whereas no antibodies were detected against phhv-1 or rabies virus. this serologic survey indicate ... | 2005 | 16107665 |
| serosurvey for canine distemper virus exposure in dogs in communal lands in zimbabwe. | sera from 173 apparently healthy, unvaccinated dogs from 4 widely separated communal lands in zimbabwe were tested by elisa for antibodies against canine distemper virus. overall, 82% were positive with high prevalences found in each communal land. the highest seroprevalence was in dogs between 1 and 2 years of age (91%; 49/54). these results show dogs in the communal lands of zimbabwe are commonly exposed to canine distemper virus and that a substantial number survive infection. the role that t ... | 2005 | 16108530 |
| gnotobiotics and immunopathology: the use of the gnotobiotic environment to study acquired and inherited immunodeficiency diseases. | gnotobiotic animals are highly valued for the study of infectious diseases wherein the clinical signs and lesions of disease can be directly related to host-pathogen interactions and not to the additive effects of environmental influences and other confounding factors. gnotobiotic dogs have been used to study the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiencies associated with canine distemper virus (cdv). in recent years, the laboratory at osu, in conjunction with university of pennsylvania personne ... | 2005 | 16112740 |
| comparative activities of lipid esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir against replication of herpesviruses in vitro. | cidofovir (cdv) is an effective therapy for certain human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections in immunocompromised patients that are resistant to other antiviral drugs, but the compound is not active orally. to improve oral bioavailability, a series of lipid analogs of cdv and cyclic cdv (ccdv), including hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv and -ccdv and octadecyloxyethyl-cdv and -ccdv, were synthesized and found to have multiple-log-unit enhanced activity against hcmv in vitro. on the basis of the activity ob ... | 2005 | 16127046 |
| up-regulation of mrna for matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -14 in advanced lesions of demyelinating canine distemper leukoencephalitis. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) comprise a family of proteolytic zinc- and calcium-dependent enzymes that are capable of disrupting the blood-brain barrier and mediating the destruction of extracellular matrix and myelin components. mmps are also involved in facilitating leukocyte migration into inflammatory sites of the central nervous system. to determine the cellular localization and the amount of mrna for mmp-9, mmp-14 and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (timp-1) in dogs with spont ... | 2005 | 16133545 |
| pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain 007lm, a new isolate in dogs. | the pathogenesis of a new isolate of canine distemper virus (cdv), strain 007lm, was investigated from lymph node tissue by using vero cells that express canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecules with a tag (vero-dst) in dogs. two cdv sero-negative beagle dogs were inoculated intranasally and intraconjunctively with a virus suspension. both infected dogs showed clinical signs of severe bloody diarrhea, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, nasal discharge and coughing, lymphopenia, fever and ... | 2005 | 16144749 |
| cidofovir for cytomegalovirus reactivation in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | cidofovir (cdv) is a nucleotide analogue with broad antiviral activity. this drug has a very favorable pharmacokinetic profile that enables intermittent dosing, but the potential for nephrotoxicity has hitherto restricted its use in stem cell transplant recipients. data on pediatric patients are limited. | 2005 | 16157264 |
| immunohistochemical detection of antigens of distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses in domestic dogs with pneumonia. | the lungs of 35 dogs that died in mexico from acute or subacute pneumonia were examined immunohistochemically for canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), to determine their frequency and occurrence and possible associations. cdv was identified in 27 (77%) cases, cav in 20 (57%) and cpiv in 18 (51%). the most frequent dual association was that between cdv and cpiv (five cases; 14%). all three viruses, however, were identified in the same lung i ... | 2005 | 16202422 |
| phylogenetic characterization of canine distemper viruses detected in naturally infected dogs in north america. | in 2004, six puppies and one adult dog from a total of four premises were subjected to necropsy evaluation. for five of the seven dogs, disease caused by canine distemper virus (cdv) infection was suspected based on clinical signs. in all of the dogs, a diagnosis of cdv infection was established by the presence of compatible gross and histologic lesions, immunohistochemical labeling for cdv antigen, and detection of cdv rna by reverse transcription-pcr. to further characterize the cdv strains de ... | 2005 | 16207955 |
| organotypic epithelial raft cultures as a model for evaluating compounds against alphaherpesviruses. | the course of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in squamous epithelial cells cultured in a three-dimensional organotypic raft culture was tested. in these raft cultures, normal human keratinocytes isolated from neonatal foreskins grown at the air-liquid interface stratified and differentiated, reproducing a fully differentiated epithelium. typical cytopathic changes identical to those found in the squamous epithelium in vivo, inclu ... | 2005 | 16251311 |
| acute toxoplasmosis in three wild arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from svalbard; one with co-infections of salmonella enteritidis pt1 and yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b. | acute disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three wild arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) that were found dead in the same locality on svalbard (norway). the animals included one adult female and two 4-months-old pups. the adult fox was severely jaundiced. necropsy revealed multifocal, acute, necrotizing hepatitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, and scattered foci of brain gliosis, often associated with toxoplasma tachyzoites. one pup also had toxoplasma-associated meningitis. in addition, the l ... | 2005 | 15563924 |
| reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (nf)-kappab p65 in the footpad epidermis of dogs infected with distemper virus. | infection of canine footpads with the canine distemper virus (cdv) can cause massive epidermal thickening (hard pad disease), as a consequence of increased proliferation of keratinocytes and hyperkeratosis. keratinocytes of canine footpad epidermis containing detectable cdv nucleoprotein antigen and cdv mrna were shown previously to have increased proliferation indices. because various proteins that play a role in the proliferation of epidermal cells are viral targets, the potential participatio ... | 2005 | 15629482 |
| demyelination in canine distemper virus infection: a review. | canine distemper virus (cdv) causes severe immunosuppression and neurological disease in dogs, associated with demyelination, and is a model for multiple sclerosis in man. in the early stage of the infection, demyelination is associated with viral replication in the white matter. in acute demyelinating lesions there is massive down-regulation of myelin transcription and metabolic impairment of the myelin-producing cells, but there is no evidence that these cells are undergoing apoptosis or necro ... | 2005 | 15645260 |
| comments on canine distemper outbreak. | 2005 | 15646568 | |
| [can obesity be infectious?]. | currently the presence of obesity is increasing and it has become the basic civilisation illness of our times. up to date no attention has been paid to the possibility of etiology of infectious obesity. recently some publications have appeared whose authors suggest a possibility of an infectious derivation of some forms of obesity. six pathogens causing obesity in animals have been described: canine distemper virus (cdv), avian adenovirus, borna disease virus (bdv), smam-1, human adenovirus ad-3 ... | 2005 | 16541729 |
| detection of canine distemper virus in blood samples by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was used to detect canine distemper virus (cdv) genomic rna. a set of four primers, two outer and two inner, were designed from cdv genomic rna targeting the nucleocapsid protein gene. the optimal reaction time and temperature for lamp were determined to be 60 min at 65 degrees c. the relative sensitivity and specificity of rt-lamp was found to be 100% and 93.3%, respectively, based on 50 canine blood samples and using rt-pcr ... | 2005 | 16283921 |
| potent antiviral activity of north-methanocarbathymidine against kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection is a prerequisite for the development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). blocking lytic kshv replication may hinder ks tumorigenesis. here, we report potent in vitro anti-kshv activity of 2'-exo-methanocarbathymidine [north-methanocarbathymidine (n-mct)], a thymidine analog with a pseudosugar ring locked in the northern conformation, which has previously been shown to block the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. n-mct inhibited kshv ... | 2005 | 16304159 |
| erythema multiforme in a spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta). | a 10.5-yr-old male spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta) developed acute, severe erythematous and ulcerative dermatitis of the hindquarters, feet, face, and ears 19 days after receiving a recombinant canary pox vectored canine distemper vaccine. biopsies of the lesions supported a diagnosis of erythema multiforme (em), which is an immune-mediated disorder that can occur days to months after exposure to antigenic stimuli. during the lengthy recovery, esophageal regurgitation and ulceration developed ei ... | 2005 | 17312775 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| exposure of free-ranging maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) to infectious and parasitic disease agents in the noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) are neotropic mammals, listed as a cites appendix ii species, with a distribution south of the amazon forest from bolivia, through northern argentina and paraguay and into eastern brazil and northern uruguay. primary threats to the survival of free-ranging maned wolves include habitat loss, road kills, and shooting by farmers. an additional threat to the conservation of maned wolves is the risk of morbidity and mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseas ... | 2005 | 17323558 |
| serologic responses after vaccination of fennec foxes (vulpes zerda) and meerkats (suricata suricatta) with a live, canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus vaccine. | fennec foxes (vulpes zerda) and meerkats (suricata suricatta) are considered to be susceptible to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection. although no definitive clinical cases of natural cdv infections have been reported, mortalities due to cdv have been suspected and are reported in other closely related species. a commercially available monovalent, live, canarypox-vectored cdv vaccine induced neutralizing antibody titers that were maintained for at least a year in both fennec foxes and meerkat ... | 2005 | 17323579 |
| neospora caninum infection in a free-ranging raccoon (procyon lotor) with concurrent canine distemper virus infection. | during a canine distemper virus (cdv) outbreak in raccoons (procyon lotor) from cook county, illinois, a juvenile female suffering from seizures was killed and necropsied. gross and histologic findings of necrotizing encephalitis and proliferative bronchopneumonia were attributed to cdv infection and considered the cause of clinical signs. a section of cerebellum stained immunohistochemically for neospora caninum revealed an approximately 40 microm diameter, round to oval cyst with a 2- to 3-mic ... | 2005 | 17089776 |
| serologic survey for selected disease agents in wolves (canis lupus) from alaska and the yukon territory, 1984-2000. | wolves (canis lupus) were captured in several geographic areas of alaska (usa) and the yukon territory (canada) during 1984-2000. blood was collected from 1,122 animals. sera were tested for antibodies against infectious canine hepatitis virus (ich), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), francisella tularensis, and serovars of leptospira interrogans. antibody prevalence for ich was >84% for all areas. area-specific prevalences of antibodies ranged from 12% to 70% for cpv, from 0 ... | 2004 | 15650081 |
| serologic survey for canine infectious diseases among sympatric swift foxes (vulpes velox) and coyotes (canis latrans) in southeastern colorado. | swift foxes (vulpes velox) and coyotes (canis latrans) are sympatric canids distributed throughout many regions of the great plains of north america. the prevalence of canid diseases among these two species where they occur sympatrically is presently unknown. from january 1997 to january 2001, we collected blood samples from 89 swift foxes and 122 coyotes on the us army piñon canyon maneuver site, las animas county, se colorado (usa). seroprevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) ... | 2004 | 15650093 |
| ether lipid-ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: activity against adenovirus replication in vitro. | the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir (cdv) and its closely related analogue (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-adenine ([s]-hpmpa) have been reported to have activity against many adenovirus (adv) serotypes. a new series of orally active ether lipid-ester prodrugs of cdv and of (s)-hpmpa that have slight differences in the structure of their lipid esters were evaluated, in tissue-culture cells, for activity against 5 adv serotypes. the results indicated that, against several adv ... | 2004 | 15633099 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (h) gene of canine distemper viruses isolated from wild masked palm civets (paguma larvata). | hemagglutinin (h) gene of two cdv isolates, the haku93 and haku00 strains, from masked palm civets was molecularly analyzed. h genes of both two cdvs contained one open reading frame encoding 607 amino acids. nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of h gene of the cdv haku93 and haku00 revealed high similarity to those of recent field isolates such as the yanaka and tanu96, while they showed limited identity to those of old vaccine strains. potential n-linked glycosylation sites in both h ... | 2004 | 15644610 |
| prevalence of canine distemper virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in captive african lions (panthera leo) in japan. | sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two japanese zoos. anti-cdv antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. we could pursue antibody responses against cdv in three lions back to 1996. sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-cdv antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. this result suggested that the epidemic of cdv infection in this zoo might have hap ... | 2004 | 15644613 |
| dissection of the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus gene expression program by using the viral dna replication inhibitor cidofovir. | treatment of primary effusion lymphoma cells latently infected by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; human herpesvirus-8 [hhv-8]) with agents such as 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) induces a lytic viral replication cycle, with an ordered gene expression program. initial studies of the kshv expression program following tpa induction using viral microarrays yielded useful information concerning the viral expression program, but precise kinetic assignments for some genes rem ... | 2004 | 15564474 |
| evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges. | the results of this study confirmed that dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercially available multivalent vaccine containing modified-live canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus type 2b, and canine parainfluenza virus antigens were protected against sequential experimental challenge 55 to 57 months after initial vaccination given at 7 to 8 weeks of age. all 10 vaccinates were protected against clinical diseases and mortality following parvovirus and infectiou ... | 2004 | 15578450 |
| protective levels of canine distemper virus antibody in an urban dog population using plaque reduction neutralization test. | blood samples from 50 dogs were collected at three veterinary clinics in ibadan and abuja, nigeria and the serum from each sample was evaluated serologically for neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) by the highly sensitive plaque reduction (prn) neutralization assay. thirteen dogs had plaque reduction neutralization titres of 0-100, seven had titres of 100-1,000 while 30 had titres ranging from 1,000-6,000. the prn titres of vaccinated dogs were found to be significantly ... | 2004 | 15580772 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of nucleocapsid protein gene of canine distemper virus isolates in thailand. | the c-terminal part of the nucleocapsid protein gene of 13 canine distemper virus (cdv) isolates from thailand, were analyzed. the nucleotide sequences were assigned to two clusters; cluster a exhibited a high degree of homology with the vaccine strain onderstepoort, 99.10 and 97.61%, respectively, in the two isolates examined. cluster b appeared closely related to virulent strains registered in the genebank database and to the virulent reference strain (a75/17); a total of 11 samples were analy ... | 2004 | 15627525 |
| cetacean-reconstituted severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice respond to vaccination with canine distemper vaccine. | morbillivirus infections have been responsible for mass mortalities in several species of marine mammals. nevertheless, relatively little is known on the pathogenesis of the disease and the immune response to the agent, especially in cetaceans, hindering the treatment of individuals and the development of appropriate vaccines, given the difficulty of performing experimental work in marine mammals. the reconstitution of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice, which do not have the ability to ... | 2004 | 14741136 |
| early dna vaccination of puppies against canine distemper in the presence of maternally derived immunity. | canine distemper (cd) is a disease in carnivores caused by cd virus (cdv), a member of the morbillivirus genus. it still is a threat to the carnivore and ferret population. the currently used modified attenuated live vaccines have several drawbacks of which lack of appropriate protection from severe infection is the most outstanding one. in addition, puppies up to the age of 6-8 weeks cannot be immunized efficiently due to the presence of maternal antibodies. in this study, a dna prime modified ... | 2004 | 14741156 |
| oral treatment of cowpox and vaccinia virus infections in mice with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | four newly synthesized ether lipid esters of cidofovir (cdv), hexadecyloxypropyl-cdv (hdp-cdv), octadecyloxyethyl-cdv (ode-cdv), oleyloxypropyl-cdv (olp-cdv), and oleyloxyethyl-cdv (ole-cdv), were found to have enhanced activities against vaccinia virus (vv) and cowpox virus (cv) in vitro compared to those of cdv. the compounds were administered orally and were evaluated for their efficacies against lethal cv or vv infections in mice. hdp-cdv, ode-cdv, and ole-cdv were effective at preventing mo ... | 2004 | 14742188 |
| duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs. | to determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination. | 2004 | 14710876 |
| histopathology and immunohistochemistry of canine distemper virus-induced footpad hyperkeratosis (hard pad disease) in dogs with natural canine distemper. | hard pad disease represents an uncommon manifestation of canine distemper virus (cdv) infection with a still uncertain pathogenesis. to study the pathogenesis of this uncommon, virally induced cutaneous lesion, the footpads of 19 dogs with naturally occurring distemper were investigated for histologic changes and distribution pattern of cdv antigen. all dogs displayed clinical signs of distemper, which had lasted from 10 to 75 days. overt digital hyperkeratosis was observed in 12 animals (group ... | 2004 | 14715962 |
| immunization with plasmid dna encoding the hemagglutinin and the nucleoprotein confers robust protection against a lethal canine distemper virus challenge. | we have investigated the protective effect of immunization of a highly susceptible natural host of canine distemper virus (cdv) with dna plasmids encoding the viral nucleoprotein (n) and hemagglutinin (h). the combined intradermal and intramuscular routes of immunization elicited high virus-neutralizing serum antibody titres in mink (mustela vison). to mimic natural exposure, we also conducted challenge infection by horizontal transmission from infected contact animals. other groups received a l ... | 2004 | 15315843 |
| involvement of apoptosis in syncytial cell death induced by canine distemper virus. | the yanaka strain, a field isolate of canine distemper virus (cdv), caused extensive syncytial cytopathic effects (cpes) followed by cell death in vitro. syncytium formation is an important aspect of cdv pathogenicity, but the mechanism of the fusion-induced cell death is still not understood. in this study, the involvement of apoptosis in the cdv-induced cpe was investigated. we also examined apoptosis in cells infected with a persistent strain of cdv, the yanaka-bp strain derived from the yana ... | 2004 | 15325517 |
| oral treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. | to improve the oral bioavailability of cidofovir (cdv), a series of ether lipid ester prodrugs were synthesized and evaluated for activity against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. four of these analogs, hexadecyloxypropyl (hdp)-cdv, octadecyloxyethyl (ode)-cdv, oleyloxyethyl (ole)-cdv, and oleyloxypropyl (olp)-cdv, were found to have greater activity than cdv against human cmv and mcmv in vitro. the efficacy of oral treatment with these compounds against mcmv infections in balb/c mice wa ... | 2004 | 15328119 |
| contribution of pathogens in human obesity. | obesity is increasing rapidly in the united states as well as in other countries. the world health organization considers obesity a worldwide epidemic that poses a major public health threat. in humans, obesity causes or exacerbates a number of other diseases and co-morbidities. etiology of obesity includes genetic, metabolic, social, behavioral and cultural factors. although obesity has multiple causes, an often overlooked possibility is that of obesity due to an infection. over the past two de ... | 2004 | 15334180 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| specific alteration of the expression of selected hypothalamic neuropeptides during acute and late mouse brain infection using a morbillivirus: relevance to the late-onset obesity? | neurotropic viruses are involved in pathologies of the central nervous system, triggering transient or irreversible disorders, such as neurological diseases or homeostasis imbalance. in experimental animals, viruses have been shown to cause obesity, a complex disease depending on multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental components. using a mouse model of virally induced obesity following brain infection by the canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus closely rela ... | 2004 | 15353227 |
| cidofovir for treating adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | adenovirus (adv) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we treated 16 patients with adv hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) following hsct with cidofovir (cdv; 1 mg/kg/day, three times weekly for 3 weeks). patients included 10 males and six females with a median age of 50 years (range 10-62). two of the 16 patients were unevaluable because of early death from nonadenoviral causes. cdv therapy cleared adv from urine in 12 of 14 pa ... | 2004 | 15361907 |
| antibodies to canine distemper and phocine distemper viruses in polar bears from the canadian arctic. | serum samples collected from 200 polar bears (ursus marititnus) from two populations in the canadian arctic, the western hudson bay and lancaster sound populations, between 1989 and 1996, were tested for antibodies to canine distemper (cdv) and phocine distemper viruses (pdv) using virus neutralization. antibodies to cdv and pdv were detected in 48 and six polar bears, respectively. all six bears that tested positive for pdv also tested positive for cdv; in only one case did the antibody titer f ... | 2004 | 15362838 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion canine distemper vaccine in african wild dogs. | the immunogenicity of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against canine distemper virus was evaluated in nine captive african wild dogs (lycaon pictus). antibody levels were determined by neutralization test in vero cells. no significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed in the animals. virus neutralizing antibody levels >1:20 were detected, especially in animals that were vaccinated twice. the use of oil adjuvants is suggested as a good way to enhance the immune response to ina ... | 2004 | 15362839 |
| tropism illuminated: lymphocyte-based pathways blazed by lethal morbillivirus through the host immune system. | the immunosuppressive properties of morbilliviruses including measles and canine distemper virus (cdv) are well known, but the host cells supporting infection are poorly characterized. to identify these cells, a recombinant cdv expressing green fluorescent protein was produced by reverse genetics based on a wild-type strain lethal for ferrets. this recombinant virus fully retained virulence and blazed three lymphocyte-based pathways through the immune system of its host: first, it infected rapid ... | 2004 | 15377791 |
| immunohistochemical investigation of cerebellum in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. | the cerebella of 21 dogs with canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and four normal dogs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. cerebella of cdv-infected dogs showed nonsuppurative demyelinating encephalomyelitis, classified as acute, subacute or chronic. immunolocalisation of cdv antigen also confirmed the infection. tissues were examined for co-localisation of the cdv antigen with either an astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), or an oligoden ... | 2004 | 15379447 |
| longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ... | 2004 | 15472304 |
| genetically distant american canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the usa. | mortality rates have differed during distemper outbreaks among free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) living around a large chicago-area zoo, and appeared higher in year 2001 than in 1998 and 2000. we hypothesized that a more lethal variant of the local canine distemper virus (cdv) lineage had emerged in 2001, and sought the genetic basis that led to increased virulence. however, a more complex model surfaced during preliminary analyses of cdv genomic sequences in infected tissues and of virus is ... | 2004 | 15507154 |
| multidisciplinary task force tackles chicago distemper outbreak. questions raised about vaccinations. | 2004 | 15552296 | |
| phylogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of hemagglutinin (h) protein of canine distemper virus isolates from domestic dogs in japan. | we conducted phylogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses of 995 nucleotides within the hemagglutinin (h) gene open reading frame (orf) of field isolates of 23 canine distemper virus (cdv) strains isolated from domestic dogs in japan between 1982 and 1998. the phylogenetic analysis showed that japanese field isolates could be separated into three groups. eighteen out of the twenty-three strains constituted one cluster consisting of japanese cdvs, four strains formed ... | 2004 | 15826913 |
| serological survey of selected pathogens of free-ranging foxes in southern argentina, 1998--2001. | a serological survey was conducted in the patagonia region of argentina to estimate the prevalence of nine disease agents within the populations of free-ranging culpeo (dusicyon culpaeus) and grey (dusicyon griseus) foxes. the disease agents were aujeszky's disease virus (adv), brucella, canine adenovirus (cav), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), encephalitozoon cuniculi, leptospira, neospora caninum, and toxoplasma gondii. a total of 84 foxes were sampled (28 culpeo and 56 g ... | 2004 | 15861875 |
| an mrna region of the canine distemper virus fusion protein gene lacking aug codons can promote protein expression. | canine distemper virus (cdv) produces a glycosylated type i fusion protein (f) with an internal hydrophobic signal sequence beginning around 115 residues downstream of the first aug used for translation initiation. cleavage of the signal sequence yields the f0 molecule, which is cleaved into the f1 and f2 subunits. surprisingly, when all in-frame augs located in the first third of the f gene were mutated a protein of the same molecular size as the f0 molecule was still expressed from both the on ... | 2004 | 15669108 |
| efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. | cidofovir (cdv) is a highly effective inhibitor of orthopoxvirus replication and may be used intravenously to treat smallpox or complications arising from the smallpox vaccine under an investigational new drug application (ind). however, cdv is absorbed poorly following oral administration and is inactive orally. to improve the bioavailability of cdv, others synthesized alkoxyalkanol esters of cdv and observed >100-fold more activity than unmodified cdv against cowpox, vaccinia, and variola viru ... | 2004 | 14972516 |
| lymphoid apoptosis in acute canine distemper. | the relationship between the canine distemper virus (cdv) infection and apoptosis in the canine lymphoid tissues was investigated using immunostaining for single stranded dna (ssdna), tdt-mediated dutp-biotin nick end-labeling (tunel) method, and electron microscopy. twenty-six lymphoid tissues from 8 spontaneously cdv-infected dogs and 1 non-infected dog were used, and lesions were classified into 4 groups according to frequency of the cdv-antigen. histologically, the degree of lymphoid depleti ... | 2004 | 15031546 |
| recovery of a persistent canine distemper virus expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein from cloned cdna. | wild-type a75/17-canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly virulent strain, which induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system (cns) with demyelinating disease. wild-type a75/17-cdv, which is unable to replicate in cell lines to detectable levels, was adapted to grow in vero cells and was designated a75/17-v. sequence comparison between the two genomes revealed seven nucleotide differences located in the phosphoprotein (p), the matrix (m) and the large (l) genes. the p gene is pol ... | 2004 | 15041182 |