Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| strong and heterogeneous adsorption of infectious bursal disease vp2 subviral particle with immobilized metal ions dependent on two surface histidine residues. | vp2, the single outer protein of infectious bursal disease virus capsid, can self-assemble into t = 1 subviral particle (svp), which can be efficiently purified by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (imac). in this study, a systemic investigation of the adsorption behavior of vp2 svp on ni-nta resin was performed to identify that his253 and his249 on the surface of svp are the key factors accounted for the strong and heterogeneous interaction. first, an untagged vp2-441 svp was constr ... | 2007 | 17877419 |
| experimental infectious bursal disease in the ostrich (struthio camelus). | clinically severe disease was produced in ostriches aged 4 weeks by oral infection with a virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vibdv), namely strain faragher 52/70. four days after infection the birds were humanely killed and tissue samples, including thymus, bursa of fabricius (bf), brain and kidney were collected for examination. histopathologically, the thymus and bf showed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis, while immunolabelling with a polyclonal antibody demonstrated abu ... | 2007 | 17880991 |
| molecular and structural bases for the antigenicity of vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a member of the family birnaviridae, is responsible for a highly contagious and economically important disease causing immunosuppression in chickens. ibdv variants isolated in the united states exhibit antigenic drift affecting neutralizing epitopes in the capsid protein vp2. to understand antigenic determinants of the virus, we have used a reverse-genetics approach to introduce selected amino acid changes-individually or in combination-into the vp2 gene o ... | 2007 | 17881448 |
| [identification of vp3 antigenic epitopes of infectious bursal disease virus]. | infectious bursal disease virus(ibd) causes infectious bursal disease (ibd), which infects bursal of chicken and can evoke immune suppression. this study identified the antigenic epitopes of four mcabs to ibdv vp3(hrb-3f, hrb-7b, hrb-7c and hrb-10e)with pepscan. a set of 17 partially overlapping or consecutive peptides (p1-p17) spanning vp3 were expressed for epitope screening by pepscan. finally, two antigenic epitopes, 109-119aa and 177-190aa of ibdv vp3, were identified by western blot and el ... | 2007 | 17894234 |
| dose and timing requirements for immunogenicity of viral poultry vaccine antigen: investigations of emulsion-based depot function. | the release requirements for vaccine antigens delivered by adjuvants with presumed depot function are poorly understood. water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions are routinely used in many poultry vaccines. they strongly activate antibody production, and are regarded as a depot from which antigens are slowly released, resulting in prolonged antigen residence. however, from earlier studies we concluded that w/o adjuvant activity is partly based on the immunostimulatory activity of the oil phase. here we asse ... | 2007 | 17899459 |
| pivotal role of chifngamma in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of infectious bursal disease. | this study investigates the pivotal role of chicken interferon-gamma (chifngamma) in the pathogenesis and immunosuppression of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection and is divided into in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments. two-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with the 849vb very virulent strain of ibdv. the levels of systemic chifngamma and chicken interleukin-6 in the serum were followed for 2 weeks during in vivo experiments. then, splenocytes and bursal ... | 2007 | 17899460 |
| a field study on the significance of vaccination against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) at the optimal time point in broiler flocks with maternally derived ibdv antibodies. | the right strategy for infectious bursal disease (ibd) control and its success rate under field conditions depends on hygiene management, ibd field pressure, level and variation in maternally derived ibd antibodies, and the ibd vaccine strains to be used. usually, standard vaccination programmes are used, which are not always adapted to the specific conditions on the farm and to the immune status of chickens. employing the "deventer formula" may help to estimate the optimal time for vaccination ... | 2007 | 17899465 |
| genotyping of canadian field strains of infectious bursal disease virus. | for this retrospective study, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was detected in 134 bursal samples that originated from flocks with conditions such as airsacculitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, septicaemia, inclusion body hepatitis, coccidiosis, and/or a history of production problems without overt clinical symptoms. samples were from seven canadian provinces: ontario, quebec, manitoba, british columbia, nova scotia, alberta, and newfoundland and labrador. viral rna was identified in bursae with ... | 2007 | 17899469 |
| dna vaccination with vp2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) delivered by transgenic e. coli dh5alpha given orally confers protective immune responses in chickens. | the efficacy of different doses of oral dna vaccines carrying vp2 gene of vvibdv delivered by e. coli dh5alpha was studied and compared with purified vp2 recombinant expression plasmid dna vaccine injected intradermally and whole virus vaccine either from homologous virus or from commercial source. the recombinant plasmid prc-vp2 was transformed in a non-pathogenic strain of e. coli, the dh5alpha and designated as ec/prc-vp2. oral immunization of maternal antibody free broiler chickens at 7 and ... | 2007 | 17913306 |
| large-scale manufacture and use of recombinant vp2 vaccine against infectious bursal disease in chickens. | a new subunit vaccine against infectious bursal disease (ibd) was developed; the antigen used in the vaccine was expressed by a new engineering strain, e. coli bl21/pbv220-vp2. the study on the production and use of the vaccine was performed. the results showed that the recombinant vp2 was water-soluble and demonstrated natural antigen activity in vitro. the antibody induced by rvp2 subunit vaccine could protect chickens from challenges of ibdv strains, both bc 6/85 and jz 3/02. the vaccine, in ... | 2007 | 17923174 |
| changes in vp3 and vp5 genes during the attenuation of the very virulent infectious bursal disease virus strain gx isolated in china. | a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) gx strain with high pathogenicity was attenuated through replication in specific-pathogen free (spf) chicken embryos and in chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell cultures. the changes in nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of vp3 and vp5 genes during attenuation were obtained. sequence analysis of selected passages from numbers 0 to 20 in cef's (designated here gx to cef-20) showed that there were no amino acid changes ... | 2007 | 16917739 |
| full-length sequence analysis of four ibdv strains with different pathogenicities. | characterization of field isolate 9109, lukert, edgar cell culture-adapted (cca), and edgar chicken embryo-adapted (cea) serotype 1 ibdv strains using full-length genomic sequences is reported. ibdv genomic segments a and b were sequenced and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced ibdv strains. we found that the viral protein vpx and amino acid sequences between aa 202-451 and 210-473 of vp2 but not the entire vp2 protein ... | 2007 | 16927125 |
| sca: symmetry-based center assignment of 2d projections of symmetric 3d objects. | a method for finding the center of cryo-em images which correspond to the projections of a symmetric 3d structure, based on mathematical properties of symmetry adapted functions and the fourier-bessel transform, is presented. it is a model independent one-step procedure with no parameters to be chosen by the user. the proposed method is tested in one synthetic tetrahedral case with different noise levels and in two real cases with d7 and icosahedral symmetries. | 2007 | 17029843 |
| full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ... | 2007 | 17098316 |
| associations of myostatin gene polymorphisms with performance and mortality traits in broiler chickens. | myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. we evaluated effects of myostatin polymorphisms in three elite commercial broiler chicken lines on mortality, growth, feed conversion efficiency, ultrasound breast depth, breast percentage, eviscerated carcass weight, leg defects, blood oxygen level, and hen antibody titer to infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. progeny mean data adjusted for fixed and mate effects and dna from 100 sires per line were used. single nucleotide polymo ... | 2007 | 17212949 |
| molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv): diversity of very virulent ibdv in tanzania. | nucleotide sequences of the vp2 hypervariable region (vp2-hvr) of 14 infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdvs) isolated in tanzania from 2001 to 2004 were determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates diverged into two genotypes and belonged to the very virulent (vv) type. in the phylogenetic tree, strains in one genotype clustered in a distinct group and were closely related to some strains isolated in western africa, with nucleotide similarities of 96.1-96.8%, while strains in ano ... | 2007 | 17226068 |
| cloned vero cell lines transfected with full-length a-segment or orf1 cdna sequence of ibdv. | recombinant plasmids containing the a-segment or vp2/4/3 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were transfected into vero cells. monoclonal vero cell lines were generated under g418 selection. genomic (pcr/southern blot) and transcriptional (rt-pcr/northern blot) analyses showed that one copy of a-segment or vp2/4/3 or a partial gene of them was randomly and stably inserted into genomic dna of vero cells, and was able to transcribe corresponding mrna. ifa/ipma and western blot analyses ... | 2007 | 17137796 |
| transcriptional profiles of chicken embryo cell cultures following infection with infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease in chickens and causes a significant economic loss for the poultry industry. little is understood about the mechanism involved in the host responses to ibdv infection. for better understanding the ibdv-host interaction, we measured steady-state levels of transcripts from 28 cellular genes of chicken embryo (ce) cell cultures infected with ibdv vaccine stain bursine-2 during a 7-day infection course by use ... | 2007 | 17143781 |
| a comparison of immune responses to infection with virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) between specific-pathogen-free chickens infected at 12 and 28 days of age. | previous studies indicated that the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) may vary depending on the age of the infected chicken. the reason for this difference is not clear, immunopathogenesis studies comparing different age groups are lacking. in the present study the ibdv-immunopathogenesis was compared in 12-day-old and 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free layer-type chickens. birds were inoculated with the classic virulent strain ibdv-im. interestingly, the up-regulation of int ... | 2007 | 17157923 |
| associations of bf2 alleles with antibody titres and production traits in commercial pure line broiler chickens. | three commercial broiler pure lines were evaluated for associations of sire bf2 (major histocompatibility complex class i) alleles with progeny phenotypic traits. significant bf2 associations with a subset of traits were observed in two lines. the bf2*21 allele was positively associated with antibody titre to infectious bursal disease virus in both lines. other associations were line-specific. | 2007 | 17326801 |
| replication of infectious bursal disease virus in macrophages and altered tropism of progeny virus. | we serially passaged classical infectious bursal disease virus (cibdv) and antigenic variant ibdv (vibdv) in an avian macrophage cell line, ncsu cells, referred as mcibdv and mvibdv respectively and examined the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the macrophage-adapted viruses. ncsu adapted viruses caused earlier destruction of ncsu cells than the unadapted viruses. nitric oxide (no) was detected earlier in cultures infected with mcibdv and mvibdv than in cultures infected with cibdv and vi ... | 2007 | 17353055 |
| human mxa protein confers resistance to double-stranded rna viruses of two virus families. | the interferon-induced human mxa protein belongs to the dynamin superfamily of large gtpases and accumulates in the cytoplasm. mxa is a key component of the innate antiviral response and has previously been shown to inhibit several viruses with single-stranded rna genomes of both polarities and a dna virus. in addition, mxa also targets two double-stranded rna viruses, infectious bursal disease virus and a mammalian reovirus as shown in this study. thus, the antiviral spectrum of human mxa is br ... | 2007 | 17374778 |
| demonstration of receptor binding properties of vp2 of very virulent strain infectious bursal disease virus on vero cells. | tissue culture adaptation of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) results in alternation of three residues on its major capsid protein vp2 and these residues may engage in receptor binding. although the key of successful infection of tissue culture adapted ibdv in tissue cultures was defined as the virus entering steps, mechanism of the adaptation is poorly understood. in this study, recombinant vp2s of an attenuated strain (d78) and a very virulent strain (hk46) of ibdv tagged with rabbit imm ... | 2007 | 16965830 |
| pre-validation study for testing of avian viral vaccines for extraneous agents by pcr. | the biological nature of vaccines imposes a permanent risk for contamination with extraneous agents. therefore, testing of vaccines for freedom from extraneous agents is essential in the manufacturing process and quality control. relevant methods for testing for extraneous agents of avian viral vaccines are specified in the monographs of the european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.). currently, most of these methods involve the use of embryonated eggs or chickens. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a wi ... | 2007 | 18413134 |
| real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detection and sequence analysis of the vp2 hypervariable region of indian very virulent infectious bursal disease isolates. | bursal samples collected from different field outbreaks in commercially reared chicken flocks from india that were suspected of very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease (vvibd) were tested. two vaccine strains that are commonly being used in india also were included to ascertain their relatedness with the field isolates. when tested with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), 14 of the 15 samples were found to be positive for vvibd virus (vvibdv) genetic sequence ... | 2007 | 17992937 |
| a recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing chicken interleukin-2 increases the protection provided by in ovo vaccination with infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis virus. | in ovo vaccination remains an attractive option for the mass application of vaccines to poultry, ensuring a uniform application of vaccine in a cost-effective manner. however, the number of vaccines that can be delivered safely by this method is limited. several infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccines can be given in ovo though most are delivered post-hatch and there are no currently licensed embryo-safe infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccines. reduction in the dose of vaccines given ... | 2007 | 17996994 |
| comparative bioefficacy of lysine from l-lysine hydrochloride or l-lysine sulfate in basal diets containing graded levels of canola meal for female broiler chickens. | a broiler growth assay was conducted to compare the efficacy of l-lysine hcl and l-lysine sulfate at a graded addition of canola meal (cm). a total of 1,440 1-d-old female hubbard broiler chicks were allotted randomly to 6 dietary treatments each in 4 replicates of 60 birds per pen. the 2 lysine sources (l-lysine hcl and l-lysine sulfate) and the 3 cm levels (10, 15, and 20%) were used in 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in isonitrogenous (19% cp) and equicaloric (2,700 kcal of me/kg) diets containin ... | 2007 | 17297165 |
| effect of egyptian propolis on the susceptibility of ldl to oxidative modification and its antiviral activity with special emphasis on chemical composition. | the antioxidant activity of eight egyptian propolis samples from different localities was evaluated by the antioxidative potential and capacity of the dpph-esr signal, superoxide anion generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (xod) system and low density lipoprotein (ldl) peroxidation assay. as, f, is and d samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity and potential, respectively. the el, isr, is, d and so samples exhibited highly significant antioxidant activity in the xod system and in l ... | 2007 | 18069235 |
| relative quantification and detection of different types of infectious bursal disease virus in bursa of fabricius and cloacal swabs using real time rt-pcr sybr green technology. | in present study, different types of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), virulent strain dk01, classic strain f52/70 and vaccine strain d78 were quantified and detected in infected bursa of fabricius (bf) and cloacal swabs using quantitative real time rt-pcr with sybr green dye. for selection of a suitable internal control gene, real time pcr parameters were evaluated for three candidate genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), 28s rrna and beta-actin to ibdvs. based on this ... | 2007 | 16678230 |
| b subunit of e. coli enterotoxin as adjuvant and carrier in oral and skin vaccination. | mucosal sites are one of the main natural ports of entry into the body. stimulation of a local response by antibodies as the systemic protection may enhance the efficacy of non-living vaccines, and allow for vaccination by subunit vaccines without the need for injection. mucosal or skin vaccination necessitates a suitable adjuvant and carrier. escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) and its b subunit (ltb) have been found to be effective adjuvants. the aim of this study was to efficiently ... | 2006 | 16701905 |
| purification of vp3 protein of infectious bursal disease virus using nickel ion-immobilized regenerated cellulose-based membranes. | in this study, hexa-histidine tagged vp3 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was purified using immobilized metal ion affinity technique from the fermentation of escherichia coli bl21 (de3) containing a recombinant plasmid with a vp3 gene. the purification efficiencies of vp3 protein (tvp3 and deltatvp3) using ni(2+)-nta commercial agarose gels and ni(2+)-ida regenerated cellulose-based membranes at 4 degrees c were compared. a good washing condition for removing most impurity prot ... | 2006 | 16716768 |
| l-arginine stimulates intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte functions and immune response in chickens orally immunized with live intermediate plus strain of infectious bursal disease vaccine. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) continues to pose potential threat to poultry industry all over the world. the disease can spell disaster not only through its infection but also by break of immunity in chickens vaccinated for other diseases. l-arginine, a ubiquitous, semi-essential amino acid has emerged as an imunostimulant from variety of human and animal studies. in the present study, we demonstrate the stimulatory effects of l-arginine on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (iiels) functio ... | 2006 | 16723175 |
| processing of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) polyprotein and self-assembly of ibdv-like particles in hi-5 cells. | the capsid of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), with a size of 60-65 nm, is formed by an initial processing of polyprotein (pvp2-vp4-vp3) by vp4, subsequent assemblage of pvp2 and vp3, and the maturation of vp2. in sf9 cells, the processing of polyprotein expressed was restrained in the stage of vp2 maturation, leading to a limited production of capsid, i.e., ibdv-like particles (vlps). in the present study, another insect cell line, high-five (hi-5) cells, was demonstrated to efficiently ... | 2006 | 16739960 |
| phylogenetic diversity of avian nephritis virus in hungarian chicken flocks. | avian nephritis virus (anv) infection was detected in 4-day-old to 22-day-old chickens collected on hungarian farms between 2002 and 2005. the animals suffered from diarrhoea, growth retardation, runting-stunting syndrome, and 2 to 6% mortality was reported. tubulonephrosis, interstitial nephritis and uricosis (gout) was diagnosed. the presence of anv rna was detected in chicken carcasses using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. the virus was demonstrated in 69% of the investigated ... | 2006 | 16753614 |
| reciprocal antibody and complement responses of two chicken breeds to vaccine strains of newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus. | serum antibody responses and haemolytic complement activity were evaluated in white leghorn (wlh) and rhode island red (rir) chickens that were vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccines of newcastle disease virus, or infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious bursal disease virus by means of ocular challenge at 10 times the normal vaccination dose. complement titres in non-vaccinated birds were significantly higher in wlh birds compared to rir birds. the lentogenic viral infection resulted in an ... | 2006 | 16755366 |
| [construction and immunological characterization of recombinant marek's disease virus expressing ibdv vp2 fusion protein]. | a transfer plasmid vector puc18-us10-vp2 was first constructed by inserting the gene of the enhancer green fluorescent protein(egfp) fused to the vp2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) js strain into the us10 fragment of the marek's disease virus (mdv) cv1988/rispens. the recombinant virus, designated as rmdv, was developed by co-transfecting cef with the transfer plasmid vector and simultaneously infecting with the cvi988/rispens virus. the pcr and ifa results indicate ... | 2006 | 16755916 |
| oral dna vaccination with the polyprotein gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) delivered by the attenuated salmonella elicits protective immune responses in chickens. | our previous study showed that vaccination with plasmid dna containing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) gene which encodes complete polyprotein (vp2/4/3) induced protective immune responses. in this study, we examined the efficacy of an oral dna vaccine carrying the ibdv polyprotein antigen delivered by attenuated salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium (s. typhimurium). the recombinant plasmid pci-vp2/4/3 was transformed by electroporation into an attenuated s.typhimurium strain (dam phop) (d ... | 2006 | 16769159 |
| immune response to a killed infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in inbred chicken lines with different major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. | the influence of mhc on antibody responses to killed infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccine was investigated in several mhc inbred chicken lines. we found a notable mhc haplotype effect on the specific antibody response against ibdv as measured by elisa. some mhc haplotypes were high responders (b201, b4, and br5), whereas other mhc haplotypes were low responders (b19, b12 and bw3). the humoral response of 1 pair of recombinants isolated from a red jungle fowl (bw3 and bw4) being identic ... | 2006 | 16776466 |
| calculation of spherical harmonics and wigner d functions by fft. applications to fast rotational matching in molecular replacement and implementation into amore. | the fft calculation of spherical harmonics, wigner d matrices and rotation function has been extended to all angular variables in the amore molecular replacement software. the resulting code avoids singularity issues arising from recursive formulas, performs faster and produces results with at least the same accuracy as the original code. the new code aims at permitting accurate and more rapid computations at high angular resolution of the rotation function of large particles. test calculations ... | 2006 | 16788266 |
| the 2.6-angstrom structure of infectious bursal disease virus-derived t=1 particles reveals new stabilizing elements of the virus capsid. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a member of the birnaviridae family, is a double-stranded rna virus that causes a highly contagious disease in young chickens leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. the vp2 protein, the only structural component of the ibdv icosahedral capsid, spontaneously assembles into t=1 subviral particles (svp) when individually expressed as a chimeric gene. we have determined the crystal structure of the t=1 svp to 2.60 a resolution. our res ... | 2006 | 16809295 |
| in vivo activation of chicken macrophages by infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infects and replicates in the dividing b lymphocytes of chickens. in the present study, the in vivo effect of ibdv infection on chicken macrophage populations and macrophage activation were examined. specific-pathogen-free chickens were exposed to virulent ibdv and splenic macrophages were recovered during the acute phase of the disease. at 3 and 5 days post-infection (dpi), spleens of virus-exposed chickens had fewer macrophages than those of virus-free co ... | 2006 | 16817773 |
| effects of two infectious bursal disease vaccine virus strains on hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in chickens. | the influence of two infectious bursal disease vaccines on the activities of hepatic microsomal enzymes aniline hydroxylase, ethylmorphine n-demethylase, nadph-cytochrome c reductase, aryl sulphotransferase and p-nitrophenol udp-glucuronyltransferase was investigated in chickens. the vaccines contained attenuated winterfield 2512 and vmg-91 strains, respectively. the activities of enzymes were determined on postvaccination days 0, 2, 5 and 7. at the same time, post-mitochondrial supernatant, cyt ... | 2006 | 16841765 |
| immunogenicity of formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine inactivated infectious bursal disease virus in broiler chicks. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was inactivated by two different chemicals--formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine (bei). formaldehyde was used at 0.1% and 0.2%, while bei was used at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/l. these four vaccines were tested for their efficiency in generating humoral immune response in different groups of broiler chicks. both bei-inactivated vaccines gave relatively higher antibody titers and were almost twice as efficient as formaldehyde-inactivated ones. | 2006 | 16845721 |
| chicken recombinant antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus are able to form antibody-virus immune complex. | virus particles exposed to specific anti-virus antibodies result in the formation of immune complexes (icx). recent vaccination strategies have employed this feature, and an infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccine based on icx has been released and is expected to replace conventional ibdv vaccines. we evaluated whether chicken recombinant antibodies (rab) specific for ibdv, rather than conventional chicken anti-ibdv sera, could be used to generate icx. out of 14 rab expressed as soluble s ... | 2006 | 16854642 |
| the anti-nuclease humoral immune response of broiler chickens exposed to staphylococcus aureus, infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anaemia virus in an experimental model for bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis. | this study aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibody associated with staphylococcus aureus that is produced during the chicken immune response to this organism. the protein nuclease was tested for suitability as an antigen to detect antibody in sera from broiler chickens that had been exposed to aerosolized s. aureus on day 1 post hatch during experiments to reproduce bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to ... | 2006 | 16854643 |
| impact of heterophil granulocyte depletion caused by 5-fluorouracil on infectious bursal disease virus infection in specific pathogen free chickens. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the cytostatic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), which causes depletion of heterophil granulocytes, on clinical symptoms and histological lesions during the progress of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection in chickens. the aim was to disclose the mechanism behind the clinical disease symptoms. three groups of specific pathogen free chickens were used for the experiment. chickens in groups 1 and 3 were pretreated with 5-fu, whil ... | 2006 | 16854650 |
| infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunosuppression exacerbates campylobacter jejuni colonization and shedding in chickens. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans in the united states. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes an immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. to analyze a possible role of ibdv-induced immunosuppression in colonization and shedding of c. jejuni, two experiments were conducted. in both experiments, group 1 consisted of noninoculated control chickens, groups 2 and 3 were inoculated with varying doses of c. jejuni, and groups 4 and 5 ... | 2006 | 16863064 |
| reduced serologic response to newcastle disease virus in broiler chickens exposed to a chinese field strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus. | in this study, a chinese field strain of subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j), nx0101, was studied for its immunosuppressive effects in both commercial broilers and spf white leghorn chickens infected at 1 day of age. our data demonstrated that nx0101 induced much more significant body and immune organ weight loss in the infected commercial broiler chickens in an earlier age than that in the spf white leghorn chickens. at the same time antibody responses to vaccinations of newcastle disease v ... | 2006 | 16863066 |
| characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses from argentina. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) viruses detected in commercial flocks of different regions of argentina were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of a vp2 gene fragment, followed by sequence analysis. two out of eight ibd viruses presented an sspi restriction site, typical of the very virulent phenotype. three ibd viruses presented a saci restriction site, typical of classic virulent strains, and one isolate presented restric ... | 2006 | 16863075 |
| effect of infectious bursal disease virus insult on iron, copper, and zinc concentration in liver, bursa of fabricius, spleen, pancreas, and serum of chickens. | the effect of a systemic disease on the dynamics of iron, zinc, and copper in chickens fed ad libitum was examined by infecting 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). liver, bursa of fabricius, pancreas, spleen, and serum were sampled in 10 controls and 10 challenged chickens at 3-day intervals postinfection (pi) for 15 days. the samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. serum levels were similar to that reported in the literatur ... | 2006 | 16863087 |
| efficacy of vp2 protein expressed in e. coli for protection against highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | the ability of a heat-inactivated whole virus from a highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hvibdv) and vp2 protein from hvibdv expressed in e. coli provided protection against a hvibdv challenge in specificpathogen-free (spf) chickens. six out of seven chickens that were injected three times with crude vp2 protein developed significant antibody titer against ibdv. however, only four out of the seven chickens survived the hvibdv challenge. despite showing low antibody titer profiles, a ... | 2006 | 16871018 |
| economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken--current status. | immunosuppressive viral diseases threaten the poultry industry by causing heavy mortality and economic loss of production, often as a result of the chickens' increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. this paper aimed to present an up-to-date review of three specific economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chickens, viz. chicken infectious anaemia (cia), infectious bursal disease (ibd) and hydropericardium syndrome ... | 2006 | 16883664 |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a correlation between the expansion of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus and reassortment of its genome segment b. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is a birnavirus causing immunosuppressive disease in chickens. emergence of the very virulent form of ibdv (vvibdv) in the late 1980s dramatically changed the epidemiology of the disease. in this study, we investigated the phylogenetic origins of its genome segments and estimated the time of emergence of their most recent common ancestors. moreover, with recently developed coalescence techniques, we reconstructed the past population dynamics of vvibdv and t ... | 2006 | 16912300 |
| infectious bursal disease virus infection induces macrophage activation via p38 mapk and nf-kappab pathways. | in the present study, we show that infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes activation of macrophages, the key cells involved in inflammatory and immune-regulatory functions. exposure of cultured spleen macrophages (sm) from spf chickens to ibdv resulted in the production of nitric oxide (no). in addition, there was upregulation of mrna expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), il-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2). the signal transduction pathways involved in macroph ... | 2006 | 16388870 |
| passive immunization using purified igys against infectious bursal disease of chickens in pakistan. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute and highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by birnavirus. mortality of infected birds can be best prevented if injected with antibodies. the present study was an attempt to raise specific hyper-immune polyclonal antibodies against ibd virus in pakistan. commercial layers divided into four groups were injected with ibd vaccine subcutaneously according to four different treatment regimens. eggs were collected daily and antibodies were purifie ... | 2006 | 16434848 |
| preparation and evaluation of vero-cell infectious bursal disease vaccine in pakistan. | the present work was carried out to develop an effective vaccine to control infectious bursal disease (ibd). the very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) was adapted to grow in vero-cell line after three serial passages. the virus was then attenuated by further serial passages and pathogenicity of different passages was determined in broiler chicks free from antibodies against ibdv. the ninth passage virus was completely attenuated, as it was non-pathogenic to chicks. the birds ino ... | 2006 | 16490290 |
| chicken recombinant antibodies specific for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | a phage-displayed single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody library was constructed from the immune spleen cells of chickens immunized with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) strain cs89. a library consisting of around 9.2 x 10(7) clones was subjected to 3 rounds of panning against captured cs89 virus. analysis of individual clones by nucleotide sequencing revealed at least 22 unique scfv antibodies binding to vvibdv in elisa. testing of the scfv antibody panel in elisa ... | 2006 | 16514499 |
| inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin. | in this experiment conducted to study the inactivation dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) by binary ethylenimine (bei) in comparison with formalin, ibdv was isolated from the bursa of infected chickens and its confirmation was done by agar gel precipitation test. viral suspensions were subjected to inactivation with bei and formalin for pre-set time intervals. bei was employed at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 mol/l while formalin was used at 0.1% and 0.2%. sampling was done a ... | 2006 | 16532536 |
| nonstructural protein of infectious bursal disease virus inhibits apoptosis at the early stage of virus infection. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), the causative agent of a highly contagious disease in chickens, carries a small nonstructural protein (ns). this protein has been implicated to play a role in the induction of apoptosis. in this study, we investigate the kinetics of viral replication during a single round of viral replication and examine the mechanism of ibdv-induced apoptosis. our results show that it is caspase dependent and activates caspases 3 and 9. nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) ... | 2006 | 16537604 |
| infectious bursal disease virus: strains that differ in virulence differentially modulate the innate immune response to infection in the chicken bursa. | little is understood about the immune responses involved in the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). strains of ibdv differ in their virulence: f52/70 is a classical virulent strain (vibdv), whereas uk661 is a very virulent strain (vvibdv) that causes greater pathology and earlier mortality. the exact causes of clinical disease and death are still unclear. pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (il)-1beta and il-6, produced by activated macrophages, could play a role, ... | 2006 | 16553553 |
| diversified bursal medullary b cells survive and expand independently after depletion following neonatal infectious bursal disease virus infection. | the primary immunoglobulin repertoire of chickens is generated not by gene rearrangement but by a subsequent process of gene conversion in proliferating immature b cells within the follicles of a specialized gut-associated lymphoid organ, the bursa of fabricius. neonatal infection with infectious bursal disease virus can eliminate almost the entire bursal b-cell compartment. thereafter, two types of follicle reappear. larger follicles, with rapidly proliferating b cells and normal structure, are ... | 2006 | 16556270 |
| crystal structure of a novel viral protease with a serine/lysine catalytic dyad mechanism. | the blotched snakehead virus (bsnv), an aquatic birnavirus, encodes a polyprotein (nh2-pvp2-x-vp4-vp3-cooh) that is processed through the proteolytic activity of its own protease (vp4) to liberate itself and the viral proteins pvp2, x and vp3. the protein pvp2 is further processed by vp4 to give rise to the capsid protein vp2 and four structural peptides. we report here the crystal structure of a vp4 protease from bsnv, which displays a catalytic serine/lysine dyad in its active site. this is th ... | 2006 | 16584747 |
| molecular characterization of recent infectious bursal disease virus isolates from malaysia. | three isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), designated upm04178, upm04190 and upm04238, were obtained from severe outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (ibd) in malaysia in 2004. the hypervariable region (hpvr) of vp2 gene of these isolates was sequenced. the obtained sequences were compared with those of other isolates. the highest similarity (98%) concerning both nucleotide and amino acid sequences was found to very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) strains. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2006 | 16599185 |
| protection capability of recombinant plasmid dna vaccine containing vp2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens adjuvanted with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide. | in the present study the efficacy of recombinant plasmids dna vaccine encoding vp2 gene of very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) isolated from pakistan was investigated with or without coadministration of cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) to protect the chickens against the disease. vp2 gene of vvibdv was successfully amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid vector, w ... | 2006 | 16600440 |
| [inhibitory effect of new antimicrobial substance by bacillus subtilis fmbj on newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus in vitro]. | the resistance effect on newcastle disease virus (ndv) and infectious bursal disease virus(ibdv) in vitro of a new antimicrobial substance (as), which produced by a bacillus subtilis strain named b. subtilis fmbj. results showed that the td50 and td0 value of this as on chicken embryo fibroblasts cell (cef) were 128.95mg/l and 25.79mg/l, respectively. this as could strongly inhibit the cytopathic effects of cell induced by ndv as well as ibdv, and increase the survival rate of cell remarkably. t ... | 2006 | 16607965 |
| detection of antibodies against serotypes 1 and 2 infectious bursal disease virus by commercial elisa kits. | two distinct serotypes of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) are recognized in chicken and turkey flocks in the united states. serologic testing of chicken flocks for serotype 1 viruses is routinely performed to monitor disease status and vaccination. earlier studies indicated that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test detects antibodies to both serotypes of the virus, while the virus neutralization (vn) test is serotype specific. it is useful to evaluate currently available commerc ... | 2006 | 16617991 |
| in ovo dna immunisation followed by a recombinant fowlpox boost is fully protective to challenge with virulent ibdv. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of dna vaccination delivered in ovo for protecting against challenge with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). using a plasmid expressing the beta-galactosidase gene, dna was successfully delivered to the embryo after in ovo injection and localises to the proventriculus and thymus. the coding sequence for the immunogenic ibdv protein, vp2, was cloned into pci-neo, creating pci-vp2. complete protection against ibdv was obtained by prim ... | 2006 | 16621184 |
| application of on-line our measurements to detect actions points to improve baculovirus-insect cell cultures in bioreactors. | the continuous monitoring of a process based on the culture of sf9 insect cells and infection by a baculovirus as a vector to obtain recombinant vp2 protein is studied. on-line our determination is based on the direct oxygen measurement in the cell culture vessel and the application of the dynamic method. this approximation allows a proper description of cell growth, with precise identification of the balanced cell growth end and the most important action times in the process, as virus infection ... | 2006 | 16647779 |
| crystal structure of infectious bursal disease virus vp2 subviral particle at 2.6a resolution: implications in virion assembly and immunogenicity. | the structural protein vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) spontaneously forms a dodecahedral t=1 subviral particle (svp), and is a primary immunogen of the virus. in this study, the structure of ibdv svp was determined in a cubic crystal and refined to 2.6a resolution. it contains 20 independent vp2 subunits in a crystallographic asymmetric unit. each subunit is folded mainly into a shell domain and a protrusion domain, both with the swiss-roll topology, plus a small helical base doma ... | 2006 | 16677827 |
| l-arginine stimulates immune response in chickens immunized with intermediate plus strain of infectious bursal disease vaccine. | infectious bursal disease continues to pose an important threat to the commercial poultry industry, especially after the emergence of virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). l-arginine, a ubiquitous, basic amino acid is used as an immunostimulant in variety of human and animal studies with great success in immunosuppressed hosts. in the present study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of l-arginine on humoral and cellular immune response in chickens immunized with live intermedi ... | 2006 | 16168528 |
| molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in nigeria. | between february 2002 and may 2004, chicken anemia virus (cav) was detected by pcr in organ samples from 14 flocks of poultry farms in lagos, ogun and oyo states in southwestern nigeria. the farms reported low (<5%) to high mortalities (up to 100%) with various lesions at necropsy. the complete vp1 gene of 30 of these positive strains was sequenced. strains that diverged by up to 4.4% on a nucleotide level differed only by up to 2.5% at the amino acid level (7 aa) as a result of clustered silent ... | 2006 | 16096706 |
| differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (tcov), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv), and bovine coronavirus (bcov). primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (n) or spike (s) protein gene among tcov, ibv, and bcov and used in the same pcr reaction. reverse transcription followed by the pcr reaction was used to amplify a portion of n or s gene of the cor ... | 2006 | 16137773 |
| development of a quantitative light cycler real-time rt-pcr for detection of avian reovirus. | a robust, ultrasensitive, and accurate quantitative assay was developed for avian reovirus (arv) with the light cycler sybr green-based real-time reverse transcription-pcr (real-time lc rt-pcr). the assay exhibited high specificity as all negative controls and other avian pathogens, such as newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), avian influenza virus (aiv), and mycoplasma synovia (ms), failed to show any positive detection. a min ... | 2006 | 16300834 |
| genetic variations in maternal transfer and immune responsiveness to infectious bursal disease virus. | the immune responsiveness to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in four native and crossbred chicken lines was compared. elisa ibdv antibody titers in hen serum samples, yolk from matched eggs and sera from matched 1-day-old chicks from each chicken line with an identical vaccination program were measured, and plotted. there was considerable variation between lines in the measured ibdv specific antibodies, in vaccinated parent hens and in the amounts of inherited maternally derived antibodie ... | 2006 | 16337348 |
| oral administration of hyperimmune igy: an immunoecological approach to curbing acute infectious bursal disease virus infection. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry. hygienic management and proper vaccination are currently the only economic approach for control of this disease. attempts have been made to control the disease after the onset of an outbreak using parenteral administration of hyperimmune igy preparations. such attempts are usually cumbersome and time consuming with an overall reduced economic return. we investigated the use of oral administration of hyperimmu ... | 2006 | 18689274 |
| molecular characterization of indian isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from broiler chickens. | the present study was undertaken to characterize recent field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and partial sequencing of vp2 gene. the virus could be detected in 17 of 20 field samples from broiler chickens in haryana state, india as well as in all the four vaccine strains. nucleotide sequences of four field isolates and one vaccine strain were compared with 10 reported ibdv strains from different parts of the world. n ... | 2006 | 17381044 |
| cloning and nucleotide analysis of the vp2 gene of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolate from iran. | an iranian field isolate (ir01) of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was characterized by sequence analysis of its vp2 gene and protein. comparison of the obtained sequences with those of ibdv isolates from other countries revealed that ir01 was similar to very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) strains with the identities at nucleotide and amino acid levels reaching 98.198.9% and 99.199.3%, respectively. on the other hand, it was less similar to non-vvibdv strains; with nucleotide and amino acid ident ... | 2006 | 17177607 |
| identification of infectious bursal disease viruses from rna extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue. | after histopathologic screening of bursas of fabricius for the presence of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) lesions, the hypervariable region of the vp2 gene for ibdv was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing, ibdv was identified in 227 different blocks. the ability to identify the actual virus strain associated with the lesions observed microscopically in the bursa of fabricius ... | 2006 | 17274281 |
| molecular characteristics of infectious bursal disease viruses from asymptomatic broiler flocks in europe. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) exists in several different antigenic and pathogenic forms. the immune suppression caused by this virus in young chickens is not always associated with clinical signs of disease. the antigenic variant viruses originally described in the united states typically do not cause clinical signs of disease but can cause a marked immune suppression via the destruction of b lymphocytes. using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay we conduct ... | 2006 | 17274290 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of infectious bursal disease virus field strains in turkey. | infectious bursal disease (ibd), also known as gumboro disease, is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of immature chickens. it is caused by ibd virus (ibdv) and is responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, 280 bursa samples from 56 commercially reared chicken flocks in turkey with clinical symptoms of ibd were examined for ibdvs using the reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/restriction fragment length polymorphism ( ... | 2006 | 17274292 |
| inclusion body hepatitis as a primary disease in broilers in saskatchewan, canada. | in recent years inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) has emerged as an economically important disease in western canada. historically, infections with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) have been known to suppress the immune system of broilers and make them more susceptible to a secondary disease such as ibh. recently it has been reported that virulent adenoviruses are able to cause ibh as a primary disease in broilers without apparent involvement of ibdv and cav. th ... | 2006 | 17274293 |
| a practical tissue sampling method using ordinary paper for molecular detection of infectious bursal disease virus rna by rt-pcr. | a practical sampling method for bursal tissue using ordinary paper for molecular diagnosis of infectious bursal disease (ibd) was established. ibd virus-infected bursa was directly smeared on chromatography paper, filter paper, or stationery copy paper and was then fixed with absolute ethanol, tris-hcl-saturated phenol, or phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1). flinders technology associates (fta) card, which is designed for the collection of biological samples for molecular detection, was ... | 2006 | 17274294 |
| detection of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) in commercial broilers from uruguay. | bursal samples were collected from commercial broiler flocks exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of infectious bursal disease (ibd). the presence of ibd virus (ibdv) was confirmed by partial amplification of the vp2 and vp1 genes by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. the uruguayan viruses were identified as very virulent strains of ibdv (vvibdv) by nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. the comparison of the vp2 nucleotide sequences among the uruguayan samples revealed t ... | 2006 | 17274305 |
| effects of dda, cpg-odn, and plasmid-encoded chicken ifn-gamma on protective immunity by a dna vaccine against ibdv in chickens. | this study examined the adjuvant effects of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda), cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn), and chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma) on a dna vaccine (pcdna-vp243) against the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). a plasmid encoding chicken ifn-ã was constructed. twice at 2-week intervals, two-week-old chickens were injected intramuscularly and intraperitoneally with either a dna vaccine alone or a dna vaccine together with the respective adjuvants. on week ... | 2006 | 17106228 |
| epidemiological and experimental evidence for immunodeficiency affecting avian infectious bronchitis. | we evaluated the effects of viral immunodeficiency on the outcome of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection in chickens as a hypothetical cause for failure of adequate protection in vaccinated chickens. initially, we investigated ibv isolations from cases of respiratory disease in association with the presence of thymic and/or bursal atrophy in 322 submissions during 1997 to 2002. arkansas (ark)-type ibv was most frequently isolated in spite of extensive arkdpi vaccination in the broiler in ... | 2006 | 17121734 |
| in vitro expression and monoclonal antibody of rna-dependent rna polymerase for infectious bursal disease virus. | vp1, the rna-dependent rna polymerase of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), has been suggested to play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral rnas. in this study, we first expressed the complete vp1 protein gene in escherichia coli (e. coli), and then the produced polyclonal antibody and four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to recombinant vp1 protein (rvp1) were shown to bind the ibdv particles in chicken embryo fibroblast and vero cells. the epitopic analysis showed tha ... | 2006 | 17132096 |
| diseases of indigenous chickens in bokaa village, kgatleng district, botswana. | this study examined flock size and management, level of internal and external parasite burden and seroprevalence of antibodies to poultry pathogens in indigenous chickens in bokaa village, kgatleng district, botswana. the mean flock size was 22.6 +/- 6.85 with a range of 11-34. the mean body weights of cocks and hens were 2.28 +/- 0.56 kg and 1.70 +/- 0.38 kg, respectively. housing and commercial poultry feed were not provided. ascaridia galli, heterakis gallinarum and syngamus trachea were foun ... | 2006 | 17137053 |
| effects of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides on humoral immunity of chickens and antibody titres after vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in chicken. | sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups (30 chickens in each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of chicken intestinal antimicrobial peptides (ciamp) on the humoral immune response. chickens of both groups were fed the same diet. in the treatment group chickens received drinking water supplemented with ciamp (1 microg/ml) right after hatching. samples of blood, bursa of fabricus, spleen and intestine were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17 of experiment. ciamp supplem ... | 2006 | 17036752 |
| molecular analysis of infectious bursal disease virus from bursal tissues collected on fta filter paper. | we investigated the feasibility of using fta filter cards for the storage of bursas of fabricius containing infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and for ibdv detection by reverse transcriptase (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and characterization by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) or nucleotide sequencing. the fta card is a cotton-based cellulose membrane containing lyophilized chemicals that lyses many types of bacteria and viruses. ibdv was inactivated upon contact with ... | 2006 | 17039839 |
| the effect of co-administration of dna carrying chicken interferon-gamma gene on protection of chickens against infectious bursal disease by dna-mediated vaccination. | the purpose of the present study was to determine whether dna vaccination by co-administration of dna coding for chicken interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene and dna encoding for the vp243 gene of ibdv could enhance immune response and protection efficacy of chickens against challenge by ibdv. plasmids carrying vp243 gene of ibdv strain variant e (ve) (p/vp243/e) and chicken ifn-gamma gene (p/cifn-gamma) were constructed, respectively. one-day-old chickens were intramuscularly injected with p/vp243 ... | 2006 | 17050043 |
| hematology, serum chemistry, and serology of galápagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus) in the galápagos islands, ecuador. | the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus) is an endangered species endemic to the galápagos islands, ecuador. in 2003 and 2004, 195 penguins from 13 colonies on the islands of isabela and fernandina in the galápagos archipelago were examined. genetic sexing of 157 penguins revealed 62 females and 95 males. hematology consisted of packed cell volume (n = 134), white blood cell differentials (n = 83), and hemoparasite blood smear evaluation (n = 114). microfilariae were detected in 22% (25/114 ... | 2006 | 17092893 |
| transcriptional profiling reveals a possible role for the timing of the inflammatory response in determining susceptibility to a viral infection. | using a novel cdna microarray prepared from sources of actively responding immune system cells, we have investigated the changes in gene expression in the target tissue during the early stages of infection of neonatal chickens with infectious bursal disease virus. infections of two lines of chickens previously documented as genetically resistant and sensitive to infection were compared in order to ascertain early differences in the response to infection that might provide clues to the mechanism ... | 2006 | 16940532 |
| very virulent infectious bursal disease virus: reduced pathogenicity in a rare natural segment-b-reassorted isolate. | the purpose of this study was to compare the molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) segments a and b of 50 natural or vaccine ibdv strains that were isolated or produced between 1972 and 2002 in 17 countries from four continents, with phenotypes ranging from attenuated to very virulent (vv). these strains were subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of genome segments a and b. although there is co-evolution of the two genome segments ( ... | 2006 | 16361433 |
| association of twelve immune-related genes with performance of three broiler lines in two different hygiene environments. | elite populations of farm animals under genetic selection are often maintained in high hygiene conditions, yet the commercial populations may be raised in, and are expected to perform well in, environments of varied hygiene levels. this presents special challenges to genetically improve those traits for which genotype by environment interactions are important. twelve immune-related genes were studied for associations with general mortality and other performance traits in 3 elite commercial broil ... | 2006 | 16977841 |
| evaluation of fta paper and phenol for storage, extraction and molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an important poultry pathogen and is distributed world wide that can cause immune suppression and lesions of the bursa of fabricius. the main component of the virus, vp2, is not only responsible for the bird's immune response, but is important for the molecular identification of this virus as well. the nucleic acid of the virus must be adequately preserved to be analyzed by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) and sequenced for the molecular characterizati ... | 2006 | 16978712 |
| impact of coccidial infection on vaccine- and vvibdv in lymphoid tissues of spf chickens as detected by rt-pcr. | this study aimed at investigating a potential effect caused by coccidia on the immune response to vaccine- and very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) in spf chickens. | 2006 | 16987396 |
| genetic reassortment of infectious bursal disease virus in nature. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a double-stranded rna virus, is a member of the birnaviridae family. four pathotypes of ibdv, attenuated, virulent, antigenic variant, and very virulent (vvibdv), have been identified. we isolated and characterized the genomic reassortant ibdv strain zj2000 from severe field outbreaks in commercial flocks. full-length genomic sequence analysis showed that zj2000 is a natural genetic reassortant virus with segments a and b derived from attenuated and very v ... | 2006 | 17010936 |
| altered circulating levels of serotonin and immunological changes in laying hens divergently selected for feather pecking behavior. | the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in immunological parameters as well as changes with respect to plasma levels of serotonin and tryptophan in lines selected for and against feather pecking (fp) behavior [high fp (hp) line and low fp (lp) line] for 5 generations. the hens from the hp line had a higher plasma serotonin level than those from the lp line (0.059 vs. 0.037 micromol/l, f(2,27) = 0.031, p < 0.05). the plasma level of tryptophan was, on average, 67.30 micromol/l and di ... | 2006 | 17012161 |
| two outbreaks of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in pakistan. | 2005 | 16361477 | |
| haematological and histological findings in leghorn chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus strain 73688. | in the present study, specific-pathogen-free, 2-week-old leghorn chickens were experimentally infected with strain 73688 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in order to evaluate haematological and histological changes that might suggest a pathomechanism for haemorrhages in this disease. at 96 hours post infection (hpi) a significant increase in prothrombin time was detected in the absence of visible lesions in myeloid bone marrow tissue and of significant thrombocytopenia. the aforemention ... | 2005 | 16363151 |