Publications

susceptibility of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to monkeypox virus: a low dose prospective model for monkeypox and smallpox disease.	although current nonhuman primate models of monkeypox and smallpox diseases provide some insight into disease pathogenesis, they require a high titer inoculum, use an unnatural route of infection, and/or do not accurately represent the entire disease course. this is a concern when developing smallpox and/or monkeypox countermeasures or trying to understand host pathogen relationships. in our studies, we altered half of the test system by using a new world nonhuman primate host, the common marmos ...	2015	26147658
histochemical data on the sebaceous glands in the lips of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus).		2015	4371339
histochemical data on the parotid glands of the marmosets, callithrix jacchus and callithrix penicillata.		2015	4364227
isolation and characterization of a novel helicobacter species, helicobacter jaachi sp. nov., from common marmosets (callithrix jaachus).	purpose-bred common marmosets from domestic sources housed in a us research facility, and used in multiple drug discovery programmes, were noted to have a high incidence of spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease and sporadic cholecystitis and cholangiohepatitis. inflammatory infiltrates increased in incidence and severity with age. because helicobacter spp. have been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, samples from the gastrointestinal tracts of 39 marmosets were screened for helicobacter spp. ...	2015	26297446
advantages and risks of husbandry and housing changes to improve animal wellbeing in a breeding colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	between 1975 and 2014, housing conditions for laboratory-housed marmosets changed dramatically after the introduction of new guidelines designed to improve their care and wellbeing. according to these guidelines, our facility provided marmosets with outside enclosures, switched to deep litter as bedding material, and discontinued the use of disinfectant agents in animal enclosures. however, both deep litter and access to outside enclosures hypothetically increase the risk of potential exposure t ...	2015	26045452
the primate autoimmune encephalomyelitis model; a bridge between mouse and man.	multiple sclerosis (ms) is an enigmatic autoimmune-driven inflammatory/demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (cns), affecting brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. the cause of the disease is not known and the number of effective treatments is limited. despite some clear successes, translation of immunological discoveries in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model into effective therapies for ms patients has been difficult. this translation gap between ...	2015	26000330
immune profile of an atypical eae model in marmoset monkeys immunized with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in incomplete freund's adjuvant.	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) is a relevant preclinical model for translational research into immunopathogenic mechanisms operating in multiple sclerosis (ms). prior studies showed a core pathogenic role of t and b cells specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog). however, in those studies, the quality of the response against mog epitopes was strongly biased by bacterial antigens in the complete freund's adjuvant (c ...	2015	26377397
tissue-specific expression pattern and histological distribution of nlrp3 in chinese yellow chicken.	pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) play important role in inflammation which means response of the host to stimuli. nod-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome is involved in the onset and development of inflammation. nlrp3, as one of the most important inflammasome sensors, has significant effect on the regulation of inflammasome activation to avoid the consequences of over activation. up to date, there are no detailed tissue specific expression and distribution data about nlpr ...	2015	26246158
molecular characterization, polymorphism, and association of porcine gadd45g gene.	growth arrest and dna-damage-inducible gamma (gadd45g) is a reproduction related gene. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of porcine gadd45g gene was cloned through rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the porcine gadd45g gene encodes a protein of 159 amino acids that shares high homology with the gadd45g of nine species: chimpanzee (97%), sumatran orangutan (97%), white-tufted-ear marmoset (97%), northern white-cheeked gibbon (97%), cattle (97%), human (97%), rhesus monkey ...	2015	25927170
comprehensive characterization of evolutionary conserved breakpoints in four new world monkey karyotypes compared to chlorocebus aethiops and homo sapiens.	comparative cytogenetic analysis in new world monkeys (nwms) using human multicolor banding (mcb) probe sets were not previously done. here we report on an mcb based fish-banding study complemented with selected locus-specific and heterochromatin specific probes in four nwms and one old world monkey (owm) species, i.e. in alouatta caraya (aca), callithrix jacchus (cja), cebus apella (cap), saimiri sciureus (ssc), and chlorocebus aethiops (cae), respectively. 107 individual evolutionary conserved ...	2015	27441227
identification of mhc i class genes in two platyrrhini species.	the major histocompatibility complex is a diverse gene family that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system. in humans, the mhc class i genes consist of the classical loci of hla-a, -b, and -c, and the nonclassical loci hla-e, -f, and -g. in platyrrhini species, few mhc class i genes have been described so far and were classified as mhc-e, mhc-f, and mhc-g, with mhc-g possibly representing a classical mhc class i locus while there were arguments about the existence of the mhc-b locus i ...	2015	25573376
a sterilizing tuberculosis treatment regimen is associated with faster clearance of bacteria in cavitary lesions in marmosets.	shortening the lengthy treatment duration for tuberculosis patients is a major goal of current drug development efforts. the common marmoset develops human-like disease pathology and offers an attractive model to better understand the basis for relapse and test regimens for effective shorter duration therapy. we treated mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected marmosets with two drug regimens known to differ in their relapse rates in human clinical trials: the standard four-drug combination of isonia ...	2015	25941223
expression of bioactive callithrix jacchus follicle-stimulating hormone in pichia pastoris.	callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) is a new world primate monkey, used as an animal model in biomedical research. marmoset-specific follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) preparation is required to improve superovulation protocols and to develop homologous fsh monitoring assays in these monkeys. in this study, we document the large-scale expression of recombinant marmoset fsh in methylotropic yeast, pichia pastoris. the recombinant preparation was found to be immunologically active in western blot ...	2015	25805018
pentatrichomonas hominis in laboratory-bred common marmosets.	trichomonadid protozoa have been found in the intestinal tracts of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). however, there is little information available on species identification and the pathogenicity of these trichomonads. in this study, we conducted a fecal survey of a common marmoset colony maintained as laboratory animals in japan and identified the trichomonad species. screening using a fecal smear examination revealed that 66% (58/88) of the marmosets had trichomonadid trophozoites in thei ...	2015	26156572
higher-order repeat structure in alpha satellite dna occurs in new world monkeys and is not confined to hominoids.	centromeres usually contain large amounts of tandem repeat dna. alpha satellite dna (as) is the most abundant tandem repeat dna found in the centromeres of simian primates. the as of humans contains sequences organized into higher-order repeat (hor) structures, which are tandem arrays of larger repeat units consisting of multiple basic repeat units. hor-carrying as also occurs in other hominoids, but results reported to date for phylogenetically more remote taxa have been negative. here we show ...	2015	25974220
modeling parkinson's disease in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): overview of models, methods, and animal care.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small-bodied, popular new world monkey and is used widely in reproductive biology, neuroscience, and drug development, due to its comparative ease of handling, high reproductive efficiency, and its unique behavioral characters. in this review, we discuss the marmoset models in parkinson's disease (pd), which is a neurological movement disorder primarily resulting from a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons with clinical features of tremor, rigidity, ...	2015	26755918
marmosets treated with oxytocin are more socially attractive to their long-term mate.	adult male-female bonds are partly characterized by initiating and maintaining close proximity with a social partner, as well as engaging in high levels of affiliative and sociosexual behavior. oxytocin (oxt), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (feldman, 2012). however, less attention has been given to whether augmentation of oxt levels in an individual alters others' perceptions and behavior t ...	2015	26528149
cognitive impairment in a young marmoset reveals lateral ventriculomegaly and a mild hippocampal atrophy: a case report.	the number of studies that use the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in various fields of neurosciences is increasing dramatically. in general, animals enter the study when their health status is considered satisfactory on the basis of classical clinical investigations. in behavioral studies, variations of score between individuals are frequently observed, some of them being considered as poor performers or outliers. experimenters rarely consider the fact that it could be related to some brai ...	2015	26527211
a quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a highly vocal new world primate species, has emerged in recent years as a promising animal model for studying brain mechanisms underlying perception, vocal production, and cognition. the present study provides a quantitative acoustic analysis of a large number of vocalizations produced by marmosets in a social environment within a captive colony. previous classifications of the marmoset vocal repertoire were mostly based on qualitative observations. in ...	2015	26627765
resequencing of the common marmoset genome improves genome assemblies and gene-coding sequence analysis.	the first draft of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) genome was published by the marmoset genome sequencing and analysis consortium. the draft was based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and the current assembly version is callithrix_jacches-3.2.1, but there still exist 187,214 undetermined gap regions and supercontigs and relatively short contigs that are unmapped to chromosomes in the draft genome. we performed resequencing and assembly of the genome of common marmoset by deep sequenc ...	2015	26586576
metabolic characterization of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	high-resolution metabolomics has created opportunity to integrate nutrition and metabolism into genetic studies to improve understanding of the diverse radiation of primate species. at present, however, there is very little information to help guide experimental design for study of wild populations. in a previous non-targeted metabolomics study of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), rhesus macaques, humans, and four non-primate mammalian species, we found that essential amino acids (aa) and o ...	2015	26581102
metabolic consequences of long-term rapamycin exposure on common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).	rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in rodent models, but the effects on metabolic health and function have been widely debated in both clinical and translational trials. prior to rapamycin being used as a treatment to extend both lifespan and healthspan in the human population, it is vital to assess the side effects of the treatment on metabolic pathways in animal model systems, including a closely related non-human primate model. in this study, we found that long-term treatment of marm ...	2015	26568298
draft genome sequence of bifidobacterium aesculapii dsm 26737t, isolated from feces of baby common marmoset.	bifidobacterium aesculapii dsm 26737(t) was isolated from feces of baby common marmoset. here, we report the draft genome sequence of this organism. this paper is the first published report of the genomic sequence of b. aesculapii.	2015	26659692
long-term two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal populations with subcellular resolution in adult non-human primates.	two-photon imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (gecis) enables long-term observation of neuronal activity in vivo. however, there are very few studies of gecis in primates. here, we report a method for long-term imaging of a geci, gcamp6f, expressed from adeno-associated virus vectors in cortical neurons of the adult common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world primate. we used a tetracycline-inducible expression system to robustly amplify neuronal gcamp6f expression a ...	2015	26655910
endocrine and cognitive adaptations to cope with stress in immature common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): sex and age matter.	phenotypic sex differences in primates are associated with body differentiation during the early stages of life, expressed in both physiological and behavioral features. hormones seem to play a pivotal role in creating a range of responses to meet environmental and social demands, resulting in better reactions to cope with challenges to survival and reproduction. steroid hormones actively participate in neuroplasticity and steroids from both gonads and neurons seem to be involved in behavioral m ...	2015	26648876
phylogenetic analysis and positive-selection site detecting of vascular endothelial growth factor family in vertebrates.	vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), known to play an important role in vascular homeostasis, vascular integrity and angiogenesis, is little known about the evolutionary relationship of its five members especially the role of gene duplication and natural selection in the evolution of the vegf family. in this study, seventy-five full-length cdna sequences from 33 vertebrate species were extracted from the ncbi's genbank, uniprot protein database and the ensembl database. by phylogenetic ana ...	2014	24200960
development of novel mechanisms for housing, handling, and remote monitoring of common marmosets at animal biosafety level 3.	the use of common marmosets as an alternative non-human primate model for infectious disease research using bsl-3 viruses such as rift valley fever virus (rvfv) presents unique challenges with respect to housing, handling, and safety. subject matter experts from veterinary care, animal husbandry, biosafety, engineering, and research were consulted to design a pilot experiment using marmosets infected with rvfv. this paper reviews the caging, handling, and safety-related adaptations and modificat ...	2014	24453160
aerosolized rift valley fever virus causes fatal encephalitis in african green monkeys and common marmosets.	rift valley fever (rvf) is a veterinary and human disease in africa and the middle east. the causative agent, rvf virus (rvfv), can be naturally transmitted by mosquito, direct contact, or aerosol. we sought to develop a nonhuman primate (nhp) model of severe rvf in humans to better understand the pathogenesis of rvf and to use for evaluation of medical countermeasures. nhp from four different species were exposed to aerosols containing rvfv. both cynomolgus and rhesus macaques developed mild fe ...	2014	24335307
fatal cowpox virus infection in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) in germany.	cowpox virus (cpxv) was isolated from a fatal outbreak among cotton-top tamarins. samples from healthy common marmosets in contact were also cpxv genome positive. the cpxv isolated from the cotton-top tamarins exhibited a unique hemagglutinin sequence. pathogenicity investigations using a wistar rat model characterized the isolate as low pathogenic.	2014	24689730
evolutionary genetics and implications of small size and twinning in callitrichine primates.	new world monkeys (nwms) are characterized by an extensive size range, with clawed nwms (subfamily callitrichinae, or callitrichines) such as the common marmoset manifesting diminutive size and unique reproductive adaptations. perhaps the most notable of these adaptations is their propensity toward multiple gestations (i.e., dichorionic twins and trichorionic triplets). indeed, with the exception of goeldi's monkey (callimico), callitrichine singleton pregnancies rarely occur. multiple gestation ...	2014	24379383
gross morphometry of the heart of the common marmoset.	the callithrix jacchus is a brazilian endemic species that has been widely used as an experimental model in biomedical research. anatomical data are necessary to support experimental studies with this species. eleven hearts of c. jacchus from the german primate centre (dpz) have been studied in order to characterize their gross morphometry and compare them with other animal models and human. biometric data were also obtained. the mean values for morphometry of the hearts did not show any signifi ...	2014	24590521
experimental infection of rhesus macaques and common marmosets with a european strain of west nile virus.	west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects humans and other mammals. in some cases wnv causes severe neurological disease. during recent years, outbreaks of wnv are increasing in worldwide distribution and novel genetic variants of the virus have been detected. although a substantial amount of data exists on wnv infections in rodent models, little is known about early events during wnv infection in primates, including humans. to gain a deeper understanding of this process, ...	2014	24743302
formation of infectious dengue virus-antibody immune complex in vivo in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) after passive transfer of anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibodies and infection with dengue virus.	infection with a dengue virus (denv) serotype induces cross-reactive, weakly neutralizing antibodies to different dengue serotypes. it has been postulated that cross-reactive antibodies form a virus-antibody immune complex and enhance denv infection of fc gamma receptor (fcγr)-bearing cells. we determined whether infectious denv-antibody immune complex is formed in vivo in marmosets after passive transfer of denv-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) and denv inoculation and whether infectious denv ...	2014	25548383
comparative experimental subcutaneous glanders and melioidosis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	glanders and melioidosis are caused by two distinct burkholderia species and have generally been considered to have similar disease progression. while both of these pathogens are hhs/cdc tier 1 agents, natural infection with both these pathogens is primarily through skin inoculation. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was used to compare disease following experimental subcutaneous challenge. acute, lethal disease was observed in marmosets following challenge with between 26 and 1.2 × 10(8) ...	2014	25477002
exploring the innate immunological response of an alternative nonhuman primate model of infectious disease; the common marmoset.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is increasingly being utilised as a nonhuman primate model for human disease, ranging from autoimmune to infectious disease. in order to fully exploit these models, meaningful comparison to the human host response is necessary. commercially available reagents, primarily targeted to human cells, were utilised to assess the phenotype and activation status of key immune cell types and cytokines in naive and infected animals. single cell suspensions of blood, ...	2014	25170519
differences in aerosolization of rift valley fever virus resulting from choice of inhalation exposure chamber: implications for animal challenge studies.	the aerosol characteristics of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) were evaluated to achieve reproducible infection of experimental animals with aerosolized rvfv suitable for animal efficacy studies. spray factor (sf), the ratio between the concentrations of the aerosolized agent to the agent in the aerosol generator, is used to compare performance differences between aerosol exposures. sf indicates the efficiency of the aerosolization process; a higher sf means a lower nebulizer concentration is nee ...	2014	24532259
herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in two pet marmosets in japan.	an 8-month-old common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was presented with tic-like symptoms, and a 2-year-old pigmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea) was presented with dyspnea and hypersalivation. both monkeys died within a few days, and necropsies were performed. histopathological examinations revealed ulcerative stomatitis with epithelial cell swelling and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the oral epithelium of both cases. in the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuronal cell deg ...	2014	25649955
infection of common marmosets with hepatitis c virus/gb virus-b chimeras.	the development of vaccination and novel therapy for hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been hampered by the lack of suitable small-animal models. gb virus b (gbv-b), closely related to hcv, causes viral hepatitis in common marmosets (callithrix jacchue jacchus) and might represent an attractive surrogate model for hcv infection. however, differences exist between gbv-b and hcv in spite of a short genetic distance between the two viruses. here we report common marmosets infected with two hcv/gbv-b chim ...	2014	24123143
bifidobacterium aesculapii sp. nov., from the faeces of the baby common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	six gram-positive-staining, microaerophilic, non-spore-forming, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial strains with a peculiar morphology were isolated from faecal samples of baby common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). cells of these strains showed a morphology not reported previously for a bifidobacterial species, which resembled a coiled snake, always coiled or ring shaped or forming a 'y' shape. strains mrm 3/1(t) and mrm 4/2 were chosen as representative strains and characte ...	2014	24867172
the formation of inflammatory demyelinated lesions in cerebral white matter.	vascular permeability and inflammatory demyelination are intimately linked in the brain, but what is their temporal relationship? we aimed to determine the radiological correlates of the earliest tissue changes accompanying demyelination in a primate model of multiple sclerosis (ms), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in the common marmoset.	2014	25088017
demonstration of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) as a non-human primate model for secondary dengue virus infection: high levels of viraemia and serotype cross-reactive antibody responses consistent with secondary infection of humans.	there are four dengue virus (denv) serotypes. primary infection with one does not confer protective immunity against the others. we have reported previously that the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a useful primary denv infection model. it has been reported that secondary denv infection with a heterotypic serotype induces viraemia kinetics and antibody responses that differ from those in primary infection. thus, it is important to determine the utility of the marmoset as a model for secondary d ...	2014	24323638
sensitivity of common marmosets to detect drug-induced qt interval prolongation: moxifloxacin case study.	moxifloxacin is the most widely used positive reference agent in clinical cardiac repolarization studies, but it has not been characterized in common marmosets which are uniquely suited to studies in early-stage development due to their small size and minimal test article requirements. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the common marmoset to detect moxifloxacin-associated qt interval prolongation.	2014	20097298
airway hyper-responsiveness in lipopolysaccharide-challenged common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	animal models with a high predictive value for human trials are needed to develop novel human-specific therapeutics for respiratory diseases. the aim of the present study was to examine lung-function parameters in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) that can be used to detect pharmacologically or provocation-induced ahr (airway hyper-responsiveness). therefore a custom-made lung-function device that allows application of defined aerosol doses during measurement was developed. it was hypothesiz ...	2014	23879175
characterization of secretagogin-immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina.	the retina contains at least 30 different types of amacrine cells but not many are well characterized. in the present study the calcium-binding protein secretagogin was localized in a population of regular and displaced amacrine cells in the retina of the common marmoset callithrix jacchus. irrespective of their soma location, the dendrites of secretagogin amacrine cells occupy strata 2, 3, and 4 of the inner plexiform layer, between the two bands formed by cholinergic amacrine cells. segretagog ...	2014	23852983
perivenular brain lesions in a primate multiple sclerosis model at 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging.	background magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can provide in vivo assessment of tissue damage, allowing evaluation of multiple sclerosis (ms) lesion evolution over time--a perspective not obtainable with postmortem histopathology. relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an experimental model of ms that can be induced in the common marmoset, a small new world primate, and that causes perivenular white matter (wm) lesions similar to those observed in ms. methods brain ...	2014	23773983
islet microarchitecture and glucose transporter expression of the pancreas of the marmoset monkey display similarities to the human.	the common marmoset new world monkey (callithrix jacchus), is a primate model with great potential for scientific research, including research on diabetes. however, in opposite to rhesus and java monkeys (macaca mulatta and macaca fascicularis) little is known about the marmosets islet microarchitecture, glucose transporter and pancreatic marker gene expression. in this work we analyze differences and similarities in size, shape, cellular composition and intra-islet topography between the common ...	2014	22627676
behavioral adjustments by a small neotropical primate (callithrix jacchus) in a semiarid caatinga environment.	we provide the first information on the behavior of a small primate (callithrix jacchus) inhabiting a semiarid caatinga environment in northeastern brazil. we observed behavioral variations in response to temperature fluctuation throughout the day. due to the high temperatures, low precipitation, and resource scarcity in the caatinga, as well as the lack of physiological adaptations (e.g., a highly concentrated urine and a carotid rete to cool down the brain) of these primates, we expected that ...	2014	25431785
five-sixth nephrectomy in female common marmosets(callithrix jacchus) as a chronic renal failure model: -a longitudinal course of serum biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes-.	to assess the relevance and availability of subtotal nephrectomized common marmoset monkeys as a chronic renal failure (crf) model, we observed for 26 weeks the pathophysiological condition of female marmosets subjected to five-sixth surgical nephrectomy (5/6nx) by a two-step surgical method. the 5/6nx marmosets showed a significant increase in serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine and cystatin-c immediately after 5/6nx surgery. these renal disorder parameters subsequently tended to decrease ...	2014	25378803
both parents respond equally to infant cues in the cooperatively breeding common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	although there has been great interest in the evolutionary approach to cooperative breeding species, few studies actually directly compare fathers and mothers on their motivation to parent offspring. we tested the responsiveness of common marmoset mothers and fathers to vocal and olfactory cues from their own and other infants using a two-chamber test apparatus designed to evaluate responses in the absence of competition from other caregivers within the family. we tested parentally experienced m ...	2014	25342858
micromelic dysplasia-like syndrome in a captive colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	over several years, 0% to 5% of adolescent animals in a captive colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) showed severely bended arms and legs over several years. the animals showed no pain, discomfort, or altered behavior but were unable to stretch their distal limbs to their full extent. to characterize the lesion morphologically, the bones of 4 affected marmosets were compared macroscopically and radiographically with those of 6 unaffected animals. the deformities were characterized by ...	2014	25402180
reporting social behaviours of mixed-species troops formed by callithrix jacchus and callithrix penicillata (primate, callitrichidae).	in new world primates, mixed-species troops have been reported. here, we analysed the performance of affiliative and agonistic behaviours of callithrix jacchus and callithrix penicillata living in mixed groups. for this purpose, we recorded the interaction of the individuals from two groups located in bauru city, in the state of são paulo (brazil). our data show that in both groups, affiliative behaviours appeared more frequently than agonistic ones. we concluded that there is cohesion inside th ...	2014	25296209
complementary and dynamic type ii cadherin expression associated with development of the primate visual system.	the middle temporal visual area (mt, also known as v5) is a visual association area that is particularly evolved in the primate brain. the mt receives input from the primary visual area (v1), constitutes part of the dorsal visual pathway, and plays an essential role in processing motion. connections between the mt and v1 in the primate brain are formed after birth, and are related to the maturation of visual system. however, it remains to be determined what molecular mechanisms control the forma ...	2014	25283545
nasal morphometry in marmosets: loss and redistribution of olfactory surface area.	the two major groups of primates differ in internal nasal anatomy. strepsirrhines (e.g., lemurs) have more numerous turbinals and recesses compared with haplorhines (e.g., monkeys). since detailed quantitative comparisons of nasal surface area (sa) have not been made, we measured mucosa in serially sectioned monkeys (callithrix jacchus, cebuella pygmaea). data were compared with previously published findings on the mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. the nasal airways were digitally reconstructed u ...	2014	25312367
l-dopa-induced behavioral sensitization of motor activity in the mptp-treated common marmoset as a parkinson's disease model.	l-dopa is the gold standard for treatment of parkinson's disease (pd). however, the drug produces some serious side effects, including dyskinesia, which is characterized by repetitive involuntary movements-including chorea. in the present preclinical study using a nonhuman primate model, dyskinesia caused by repeated l-dopa administration was investigated in the context of behavioral sensitization by objectively quantifying motor activity in the common marmoset of pd model (the parkinsonian marm ...	2014	25449794
memory, transmission and persistence of alternative foraging techniques in wild common marmosets.	experimental studies on traditions in animals have focused almost entirely on the initial transmission phase in captive populations. we conducted an open diffusion field experiment with 13 groups of wild common marmosets, callithrix jacchus. seven groups contained individuals that were already familiar with the task ('push or pull' box) and thus served as potential models for naïve individuals. additionally, in four groups one individual was trained for one of the two possible techniques and in ...	2014	24910466
exceptional expansion and conservation of a ct-repeat complex in the core promoter of paxbp1 in primates.	adaptive evolution may be linked with the genomic distribution and function of short tandem repeats (strs). proximity of the core promoter strs to the +1 transcription start site (tss), and their mutable nature are characteristics that highlight those strs as a novel source of interspecies variation. the paxbp1 gene (alternatively known as gcfc1) core promoter contains the longest str identified in a homo sapiens gene core promoter. indeed, this core promoter is a stretch of four consecutive ct- ...	2014	24573656
responses towards a dying adult group member in a wild new world monkey.	compassionate caretaking behaviour towards dying adult group members has been reported as being unique to humans and chimpanzees. here we describe in detail the reaction of a wild dominant male common marmoset, a neotropical primate, to the accidental death of the dominant female of its group. the male exhibited behaviours towards the dying female that resembled those of chimpanzees and humans. the long-term relationship between the dominant pair (which lasted at least 3.5 years) and their socia ...	2014	24566801
distribution of ciliated epithelial cells in the trachea of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the distribution of ciliated cells in the tracheal epithelium of common marmosets was evaluated.	2014	24536099
osteogenic induction from marmoset embryonic stem cells cultured in feeder-dependent and feeder-independent conditions.	embryonic stem cells (escs) have become increasingly attractive for cell replacement therapies of osteodegenerative diseases; however, pre-clinical studies in large animal models to repair diseased or injured bone are lacking. as a first step into this direction, we describe here the feeder-free cultivation and directed osteogenic differentiation of marmoset escs.	2014	24531422
characterization of common marmoset dysgerminoma-like tumor induced by the lentiviral expression of reprogramming factors.	recent generation of induced pluripotent stem (ipscs) has made a significant impact on the field of human regenerative medicine. prior to the clinical application of ipscs, testing of their safety and usefulness must be carried out using reliable animal models of various diseases. in order to generate ipscs from common marmoset (cm; callithrix jacchus), one of the most useful experimental animals, we have lentivirally transduced reprogramming factors, including pou5f1 (also known as oct3/4), sox ...	2014	24521492
developmental expression profiles of axon guidance signaling and the immune system in the marmoset cortex: potential molecular mechanisms of pruning of dendritic spines during primate synapse formation in late infancy and prepuberty (i).	the synapse number and the related dendritic spine number in the cerebral cortex of primates shows a rapid increase after birth. depending on the brain region and species, the number of synapses reaches a peak before adulthood, and pruning takes place after this peak (overshoot-type synaptic formation). human mental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, are hypothesized to be a result of either too weak or excessive pruning after the peak is reached. thus, it is important to study the mol ...	2014	24485715
active vision in marmosets: a model system for visual neuroscience.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small-bodied new world primate, offers several advantages to complement vision research in larger primates. studies in the anesthetized marmoset have detailed the anatomy and physiology of their visual system (rosa et al., 2009) while studies of auditory and vocal processing have established their utility for awake and behaving neurophysiological investigations (lu et al., 2001a,b; eliades and wang, 2008a,b; osmanski and wang, 2011; remington et al., 2 ...	2014	24453311
uwa-121, a mixed dopamine and serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, enhances l-dopa anti-parkinsonian action without worsening dyskinesia or psychosis-like behaviours in the mptp-lesioned common marmoset.	l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) is the most effective treatment for parkinson's disease (pd), but its long-term administration is complicated by wearing-off and dyskinesia. uwa-101, a dual, equipotent inhibitor of dopamine (dat) and serotonin (sert) transporters, has previously been shown to successfully extend duration of anti-parkinsonian benefit of l-dopa (on-time), without exacerbating dyskinesia, in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-lesioned marmoset. however, uw ...	2014	24447715
developmental genetic profiles of glutamate receptor system, neuromodulator system, protector of normal tissue and mitochondria, and reelin in marmoset cortex: potential molecular mechanisms of pruning phase of spines in primate synaptic formation process during the end of infancy and prepuberty (ii).	this is the second report of a series paper, which reports molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of pruning spine phase after rapid spinogenesis phase in neonates and young infant in the primate brain. we performed microarray analysis between the peak of spine numbers [postnatal 3 months (m)] and spine pruning (postnatal 6m) in prefrontal, inferior temporal, and primary visual cortices of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the pruning phase is not clearly defined in rodents but i ...	2014	24440696
twinning and survivorship of captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus).	here we present the results of a demographic analysis of 25 y (1985 to 2010) of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus) records from the new england primate research center. summaries of longevity and survivorship are analyzed by birth-type category (including singletons, twins, triplets, and quadruplets) and sex. in addition, a brief evolutionary review is presented. surrogates of hematopoietic chimerism, twinning, and reproductive output are explored in a ...	2014	24411773
evolution of mammalian opn5 as a specialized uv-absorbing pigment by a single amino acid mutation.	opn5 is one of the recently identified opsin groups that is responsible for nonvisual photoreception in animals. we previously showed that a chicken homolog of mammalian opn5 (opn5m) is a gi-coupled uv sensor having molecular properties typical of bistable pigments. here we demonstrated that mammalian opn5m evolved to be a more specialized photosensor by losing one of the characteristics of bistable pigments, direct binding of all-trans-retinal. we first confirmed that opn5m proteins in zebrafis ...	2014	24403072
motor assessment of developing common marmosets.	motor development has been extensively studied in human infants and children, with several established scales for the evaluation of motor functions. however, the study of the neuronal mechanisms underlying human motor development is hampered by the lack of good animal models. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small new world monkey, has recently attracted much attention as a potential nonhuman primate model for understanding human physiology and diseases. however, little is known about ...	2014	24395453
do newborn vocalizations affect the behavioral and hormonal responses of nonreproductive male common marmosets (callithrix jacchus)?	parental care in mammals is influenced by sensory stimuli from infants, such as sight and sound, and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. to determine the responsiveness of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) adult males with and without previous experience in caretaking to newborn sensory cues, we exposed twelve males to infant vocalization recordings and assessed their hormonal and behavioral responses. males were placed in the testing cage for 10 min under two conditions: (a) cont ...	2014	24394953
common marmoset as a new model animal for neuroscience research and genome editing technology.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small new world primate; it originally comes from the atlantic coastal forests in northeastern brazil. it has been attracting much attention in the biomedical research field because of its size, availability, and unique biological characteristics. its endocrinological and behavioral similarity to humans, comparative ease in handling, and high reproductive efficiency are very advantageous for neuroscience research. recently, we developed transgenic co ...	2014	24387631
lack of dopamine d4 receptor affinity contributes to the procognitive effect of lurasidone.	we previously demonstrated among several antipsychotics exhibiting potent dopamine d2 receptor antagonism that only lurasidone, (1r,2s,3r,4s)-n-[(1r,2r)-2-[4-(1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinylmethyl]-1-cyclohexylmethyl]-2,3-bicyclo[2.2.1] heptanedicarboximide hydrochloride, improved performance in the object retrieval detour (ord) task by marmosets. the mechanisms by which only lurasidone causes enhancements in cognitive function have not yet been established; however, most antipsychotics, ...	2014	24304719
fetal sulcation and gyrification in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) obtained by ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging.	the present study characterized fetal sulcation patterns and gyrification in the cerebrum of the new world monkey group, common marmosets, using a 3d t2-weighted high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (mri) sequence from the fixed brain at 7-tesla ex vivo. fetal sulcation in the marmoset cerebrum began to indent the lateral fissure and hippocampal sulcus in gestational week (gw) 12, and then the following sulci emerged: the callosal and calcarine sulci on gw 15; the superior tempo ...	2014	24220690
proteomic analysis of striatum from mptp-treated marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with l-dopa-induced dyskinesia of differing severity.	marmosets rendered parkinsonian with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) and treated with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) develop dyskinesia, but with differing degrees of severity. to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the different level of dyskinesia to manifest in individual animals, proteins in striatum from mptp-treated marmosets with different levels of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia were separated by 2-dimensional (2-d) protein electrophoresis. ...	2014	24150990
mechanical output in jumps of marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	in this study we determined the mechanical output of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) during jumping. vertical ground reaction forces were measured in 18 animals while they jumped from an instrumented crossbar to a crossbar located 70 cm higher. from the vertical force time histories, we calculated the rate of change of mechanical energy of the centre of mass (de/dt). the mean value of de/dt during the push-off amounted to 51.8±6.2 w kg(-1) body mass, and the peak value to 116.4±17.6 w kg(- ...	2014	24143030
thyroid follicular adenoma with accumulation of collagen type iv in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	a thyroid tumour was identified in a 10-year-old male common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the tumour was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue and compressed the adjacent normal thyroid. the tumour was composed of variably sized and irregularly shaped thyroid follicles lined by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells. eosinophilic material at the base of the neoplastic cells stained black with periodic acid-methenamine silver and red with periodic acid-schiff. immunohistochemistry conf ...	2014	24060155
global gene expression analysis following spinal cord injury in non-human primates.	spinal cord injury (sci) is a devastating condition with no established treatment. to better understand the pathology and develop a treatment modality for sci, an understanding of the physiological changes following sci at the molecular level is essential. however, studies on sci have primarily used rodent models, and few studies have examined sci in non-human primates. in this study, we analyzed the temporal changes in gene expression patterns following sci in common marmosets (callithrix jacch ...	2014	24873731
developmental origins of pregnancy loss in the adult female common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the impact of the intrauterine environment on the developmental programming of adult female reproductive success is still poorly understood and potentially underestimated. litter size variation in a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), allows us to model the effects of varying intrauterine environments (e.g. nutrient restriction, exposure to male womb-mates) on the risk of losing fetuses in adulthood. our previous work has characterized the fetuses of triplet pregna ...	2014	24871614
nkg2d functions as an activating receptor on natural killer cells in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the natural killer group 2 membrane d (nkg2d) receptor is an nk-activating receptor that plays an important role in host defense against tumors and viral infections. although the marmoset is an important and reliable animal model, especially for the study of human-specific viral infections, functional characterization of nkg2d on marmoset nk cells has not previously been conducted. in the present study, we investigated a subpopulation of marmoset nk cells that express nkg2d and exhibit cytolytic ...	2014	24860119
the neonatal marmoset monkey ovary is very primitive exhibiting many oogonia.	oogonia are characterized by diploidy and mitotic proliferation. human and mouse oogonia express several factors such as oct4, which are characteristic of pluripotent cells. in human, almost all oogonia enter meiosis between weeks 9 and 22 of prenatal development or undergo mitotic arrest and subsequent elimination from the ovary. as a consequence, neonatal human ovaries generally lack oogonia. the same was found in neonatal ovaries of the rhesus monkey, a representative of the old world monkeys ...	2014	24840529
long-term data on reproductive output and longevity in captive female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is widely used in biomedical research, with many housed for breeding purposes world-wide. significant variation in reproductive output among females has been found compared to other anthropoid primates. the present study explores this reproductive variation, focusing on potential predictors of dam longevity and litter size, as well as changes over time. back-record analysis was conducted, yielding litter information and reproductive summaries of 360 dams ...	2014	24809989
individual differences in behavioral and cardiovascular reactivity to emotive stimuli and their relationship to cognitive flexibility in a primate model of trait anxiety.	high trait anxiety is a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. like the disorders themselves high trait anxiety has marked phenotypic variation at the level of symptomatology and neural circuits, suggesting that there may be different symptoms and distinct neural circuits associated with risk for these disorders. to address these issues, it is essential to develop reliable animal models of trait anxiety in a non-human primate whose brain bears structural and functional similarity ...	2014	24795587
human speech- and reading-related genes display partially overlapping expression patterns in the marmoset brain.	language is a characteristic feature of human communication. several familial language impairments have been identified, and candidate genes for language impairments already isolated. studies comparing expression patterns of these genes in human brain are necessary to further understanding of these genes. however, it is difficult to examine gene expression in human brain. in this study, we used a non-human primate (common marmoset; callithrix jacchus) as a biological model of the human brain to ...	2014	24769279
motor learning in common marmosets: vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation and its sensitivity to inhibitors of purkinje cell long-term depression.	adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (hvor) provides an experimental model for cerebellum-dependent motor learning. we developed an eye movement measuring system and a paradigm for induction of hvor adaptation for the common marmoset. the hvor gain in dark measured by 10° (peak-to-peak amplitude) and 0.11-0.5hz turntable oscillation was around unity. the gain-up and gain-down hvor adaptation was induced by 1h of sustained out-of-phase and in-phase 10°-0.33hz combined turntable-sc ...	2014	24768746
birth of healthy offspring following icsi in in vitro-matured common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) oocytes.	intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi), an important method used to treat male subfertility, is applied in the transgenic technology of sperm-mediated gene transfer. however, no study has described successful generation of offspring using icsi in the common marmoset, a small non-human primate used as a model for biomedical translational research. in this study, we investigated blastocyst development and the subsequent live offspring stages of marmoset oocytes matured in vitro and fertilized by ...	2014	24751978
antidromic latency of magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular (blue-on) geniculocortical relay cells in marmosets.	we studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) with the primary visual cortex (v1) in anesthetized marmosets (callithrix jacchus). the lgn sends signals to v1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (p), magnocellular (m), and koniocellular (k). to better understand how these pathways provide inputs to v1, we antidromically activated relay cells in the lgn by electrically stimulating v1 and measuring the conduction latencies of p (n = 7), m (n ...	2014	24703370
reprogramming non-human primate somatic cells into functional neuronal cells by defined factors.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate sharing many similarities with humans. recently developed technology for generating transgenic marmosets has opened new avenues for faithful recapitulation of human diseases, which could not be achieved in rodent models. however, the longer lifespan of common marmosets compared with rodents may result in an extended period for in vivo analysis of common marmoset disease models. therefore, establishing rapid and efficient techniques ...	2014	24694048
semen characteristics of captive common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): a comparison of a german with a brazilian colony.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is of interest for reproductive studies because of their high and variable fertility in captivity. however, to understand this variability, much basic information still needs to be gathered. this study is the first to characterize marmoset semen comparing a german and a brazilian colony.	2014	24673563
primate short-wavelength cones share molecular markers with rods.	macaca, callithrix jacchus marmoset monkey, pan troglodytes chimpanzee and human retinas were examined to define if short wavelength (s) cones share molecular markers with l&m cone or rod photoreceptors. s cones showed consistent differences in their immunohistochemical staining and expression levels compared to l&m cones for "rod" arrestin1 (s-antigen), "cone" arrestin4, cone alpha transducin, and calbindin. our data verify a similar pattern of expression in these primate retinas and provide cl ...	2014	24664680
analysis of essential pathways for self-renewal in common marmoset embryonic stem cells.	common marmoset (cm) is widely recognized as a useful non-human primate for disease modeling and preclinical studies. thus, embryonic stem cells (escs) derived from cm have potential as an appropriate cell source to test human regenerative medicine using human escs. cm escs have been established by us and other groups, and can be cultured in vitro. however, the growth factors and downstream pathways for self-renewal of cm escs are largely unknown. in this study, we found that basic fibroblast gr ...	2014	24649403
a modified light-dark box test for the common marmoset.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) has attracted extensive attention for use as a non-human primate model in biomedical research, especially in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. however, behavioral test methods are still limited in the field of marmoset research. the light-dark box is widely used for the evaluation of anxiety in rodents, but little is known about light-dark preference in marmosets. here, we modified the light-dark test to study this behavior. the modified apparatus ...	2014	24638903
identification of a pathway from the retina to koniocellular layer k1 in the lateral geniculate nucleus of marmoset.	three well characterized pathways in primate vision (midget-parvocellular, parasol-magnocellular, bistratified-koniocellular) have been traced from the first synapse in the retina, through the visual thalamus (lateral geniculate nucleus, lgn), to the visual cortex. here we identify a pathway from the first synapse in the retina to koniocellular layer k1 in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). particle-mediated gene transfer of an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95-green fluores ...	2014	24623761
oestradiol modulation of cognition in adult female marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) provides many advantages over traditional rodent and macaque species as a model for human ageing and may be very useful for studying the effects of sex steroids on cognitive and brain ageing. we present the first study examining the effects of oestrogens on cognitive function in female marmosets. adult monkeys (3-5 years of age) were trained to a specific learning criterion on a battery of cognitive tasks preoperatively (object discrimination, delayed res ...	2014	24617856
genomic sequence analysis of the mhc class i g/f segment in common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world monkey that is used frequently as a model for various human diseases. however, detailed knowledge about the mhc is still lacking. in this study, we sequenced and annotated a total of 854 kb of the common marmoset mhc region that corresponds to the hla-a/g/f segment (caja-g/f) between the caja-g1 and rnf39 genes. the sequenced region contains 19 mhc class i genes, of which 14 are of the mhc-g (caja-g) type, and 5 are of the mhc-f (caja-f) ty ...	2014	24600031
the common marmoset genome provides insight into primate biology and evolution.	we report the whole-genome sequence of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the 2.26-gb genome of a female marmoset was assembled using sanger read data (6×) and a whole-genome shotgun strategy. a first analysis has permitted comparison with the genomes of apes and old world monkeys and the identification of specific features that might contribute to the unique biology of this diminutive primate, including genetic changes that may influence body size, frequent twinning and chimerism. we obs ...	2014	25038751
male and female breeding strategies in a cooperative primate.	marmosets are cooperative breeders organized as extended family groups, but breeding is generally restricted to a single pair. breeding competition is fierce in female marmosets; males, on the other hand, show low levels of intragroup aggression. we investigated male and female breeding strategies and the resulting reproductive output in 9 wild groups. reproductive output, tenure of breeding animals, identification of the breeding system, breeding position replacements, migration and infanticide ...	2014	25010563
type ii collagen antibody response is enriched in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid joints and directed to the same major epitopes as in collagen induced arthritis in primates and mice.	antibodies towards type ii collagen (cii) are detected in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and in non-human primates and rodents with collagen induced arthritis (cia). we have previously shown that antibodies specific for several cii-epitopes are pathogenic using monoclonal antibodies from arthritic mice, although the role of different anti-cii epitopes has not been investigated in detail in other species. we therefore performed an inter-species comparative study of the autoantibody respo ...	2014	25005029
allogeneic and xenogeneic anti-tumor effect of callithrix jacchus natural killer cells is dependent on nkp30 and b7-h6 interaction.	natural killer (nk) cells mount a fast and efficient immune response against tumor cells and are currently a major focus in the development of anti-cancer cell-based therapies. due to major differences between the murine and human nk cell receptor system, a non-human primate model would be helpful to evaluate the efficiency of nk-cell based therapies prior to clinical applications. in humans, b7-h6 has been shown to facilitate the elimination of lymphoma cells through the interaction with its re ...	2014	25001651
morphological changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of aging female marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) are pointed to as the mammals central circadian pacemaker. aged animals show internal time disruption possibly caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in scn components. some studies reported changes of neuronal cells and neuroglia in the scn of rats and nonhuman primates during aging. the effects of senescence on morphological aspects in scn are important for understanding some alterations in biological rhythms expression. therefore, our aim was to per ...	2014	24987675
spontaneous glomerular mesangial lesions in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus): a benign non-progressive glomerulopathy.	common marmosets are known to develop an igm glomerulopathy, which has been linked with 'wasting marmoset' syndrome. this study investigated renal pathology in a colony of marmosets, with and without weight loss.	2014	24980800
qualitative de novo analysis of full length cdna and quantitative analysis of gene expression for common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) transcriptomes using parallel long-read technology and short-read sequencing.	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a non-human primate that could prove useful as human pharmacokinetic and biomedical research models. the cytochromes p450 (p450s) are a superfamily of enzymes that have critical roles in drug metabolism and disposition via monooxygenation of a broad range of xenobiotics; however, information on some marmoset p450s is currently limited. therefore, identification and quantitative analysis of tissue-specific mrna transcripts, including those of p450s and ...	2014	24977701
individual differences in gambling proneness among rats and common marmosets: an automated choice task.	interest is rising for animal modeling of pathological gambling. using the operant probabilistic-delivery task (pdt), gambling proneness can be evaluated in laboratory animals. drawing a comparison with rats, this study evaluated the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) using a pdt. by nose- or hand-poking, subjects learnt to prefer a large (lll, 5-6 pellets) over a small (ss, 1-2 pellets) reward and, subsequently, the probability of occurrence of large-reward delivery was decreased progressivel ...	2014	24971360