Publications

the role of eggs in mercury excretion by quail coturnix coturnix and the implications for monitoring mercury pollution by analysis of feathers.	: this paper describes differences in the excretion of methyl mercury between male and female quail coturnix coturnix after a single dose. since feathers are often used to monitor mercury pollution it is important to take into account biases in feather mercury levels that may arise as a result of mercury loss through egg-laying. evidence is presented to support the use of bird eggs to sample for environmental mercury contamination. birds were monitored up to twelve weeks after administration. me ...	1993	24203119
ultrastructural study of post-hatching development in the pineal gland of the japanese quail.	the pineal gland of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) retained numerous follicular structures, each of which was composed mostly of pinealocytes and supporting cells radially arranged around the follicular lumen during the first 6 weeks of age. in the pinealocytes, paraboloids and regular stacks of lamellar disks, which were demonstrated at 1 day of age in a previous study [14], rapidly decreased in number after 1 week of age. from 1 to 6 weeks of age, the pinealocytes had more dev ...	1993	8117821
anf binding sites in the heart of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the distribution pattern of rat [125i]-atrial natriuretic factor (anf) binding sites in the cardiac regions of the japanese quail was examined by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. elevated anf binding densities (519 +/- 121 fmol/mg protein) were found in the posterior vena cava, while lower binding levels (between 40 and 50 fmol/mg protein) were found in sinus venosus, aortic bulb, and endomural vessels, with the ventricular wall having the lowest value (17.6 +/- 8.8 fmol/mg protein). scatc ...	1993	8284267
esterases in quail (coturnix coturnix). physicochemical and developmental aspects.	1. soluble esterases of digestive system organs of various developmental stages in the quail (coturnix coturnix) were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into several molecular forms which were characterized as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases, cholinesterases and esterases sensitive to eserine. 2. the pi of the majority of esterasic activity in several quail and chicken tissues was observed in the range of 5.1-5.6, while the apparent molecular weight in liver extracts was 60,000. 3 ...	1993	8299343
[quantitative changes in the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in japanese quail during hypergravity, hypodynamia and space flight].	the experimental work aimed at the quantitative ultrastructure of the myocardial cells of the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica during hypergravitation, hypodynamism and space flight in a soviet satellite. for the determination of quantitative changes of the myocardial ultrastructure a morphometrical method was used with parameters like the number of mitochondria, average mitochondrial size, relative mitochondrial volume, deficiency of cristae and relative volume of myofibrils. the quail ...	1993	8353753
photoperiodism in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with special reference to relative refractoriness.	cloacal gland (an androgen dependent sex accessory) of japanese quail exhibits full breeding condition as long as these were maintained under long days (ld 16:8). when shifted to short daylength (ld 6:18), scotosensitivity (cloacal gland regression) was observed up to 5 weeks, followed by scotorefractoriness (cloacal gland development). there was a regression in cloacal gland volume of the birds when shifted to intermediate daylength (ld 13.5:10.5 and 13:11) after 12 weeks of exposure to long da ...	1993	8359848
electron microscope observations on lh-induced oocyte maturation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the aim of this study was to describe the temporal sequence of ultrastructural changes in the boundary between the preovulatory oocyte and its surrounding follicular wall during maturation induced by injection of lh. female japanese quail were injected with ovine lh (20 micrograms per bird) 10-12 h before the expected time of ovulation. the largest and second largest follicles were excised before or 1, 2, 4 or 6 h after injection. the oocyte and the surrounding follicular wall were processed for ...	1993	8410804
sexual approach conditioning: unconditioned stimulus factors.	unconditioned stimulus (us) factors were investigated in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). copulation with a female quail was more effective than exposure to a female without copulation, but the latter also produced conditioned responding (experiment 1). the greater effectiveness of copulatory opportunity as a us was probably not due to nonassociative effects of copulation (experiment 2). visual cues of the female, as presented on a t ...	1993	8418215
sexual approach conditioning: tests of unconditioned stimulus devaluation using hormone manipulations.	contents of learning that result from conditioned-unconditioned stimulus pairings in sexual approach conditioning were explored with male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). sexual motivation of subjects conditioned to approach an arbitrary stimulus in a pavlovian sexual conditioning paradigm was reduced by exposing them to a short photoperiod. decreased sexual motivation resulted in a decline in sexually conditioned approach behavior (experiments 1 and 2). responding was restored when ...	1993	8418216
the neuroanatomic binding pattern of [125i]atrial natriuretic factor in the japanese quail brain.	application of quantitative autoradiography technique provided a discrete anatomical distribution pattern of the atrial natriuretic factor (anf) in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, brain. the highest binding levels of [125i]anf were shown to occur in telencephalon areas, such as fasciculus diagonalis brocae (232 fmol/mg protein), septum (194 fmol/mg protein) and olfactory bulb (153 fmol/mg protein), and in posterior sites, such as nucleus interpeduncularis (177 fmol/mg protein), w ...	1993	8506079
outbreaks of egg drop syndrome due to eds-76 virus in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	two outbreaks of the egg drop syndrome were observed in quail flocks maintained on a farm together with chickens. the decrease in egg production ranged from 10.6 per cent to 50.6 per cent, and the number of soft-shelled eggs increased with the decline in egg production. in both the outbreaks haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to eds-76 virus were detected. fluorescent viral antigen specific to eds-76 virus was also detected in the lining epithelial and glandular cells of the uterus.	1992	1329304
characterization of a paired box- and homeobox-containing quail gene (pax-qnr) expressed in the neuroretina.	the retina is an integral part of the central nervous system, and consists of two layers, the outer pigmented layer and the inner sensory layer or neuroretina (nr). the nr layer contains several strata of cells (glial and neuronal) derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors that differentiate after terminal mitosis. in vitro, nr cells can differentiate not only into neuronal and glial types, but also into pigment and lens cells. quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) nr cells (qnr) infect ...	1992	1354346
influence of different photoperiods on development of gonad, cloacal gland and circulating thyroid hormones in male japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	one day old chicks of japanese quail were exposed to different photoperiods (ld, 8:16, 13.5:10.5, 16:8 and ll) and observations (testes weight, cloacal gland size, body weight and circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine) were taken at the age of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 16 weeks. results indicate that immediate reproductive development occurred in birds exposed to long photoperiods (greater than 12 hr). growth under ld 8:16, was not apparent till 7th week and by 16 weeks, degree of gonadal development ...	1992	1459646
cultivation of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica).	complete development of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos was observed. sporozoites were inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 7-day-old japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica), after which the infected embryos were incubated at 41 c. in the chorioallantoic membrane mature first generation schizonts, mature second generation schizonts, and gametes were detected at 48 hr postinoculation of sporozoites (pi), 84 hr pi, and 126 hr pi, respectively. mature gametes and zygotes we ...	1992	1491294
[thr arteries of the male sex organs of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].	a total of 83 male japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. neoprene-latex, tensol-cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. in most of male japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the a. testicularis originated from the aorta descendens through a common trunk with the a. renalis cranialis. but in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the aorta descende ...	1992	1497141
renewal and proliferation of spermatogonia during spermatogenesis in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	four different types of spermatogonia were identified in the seminiferous tubules of the japanese quail: a dark type a (ad), 2 pale a types (ap1 and ap2), and a type b. a model is proposed describing the process of spermatogonial development in the quail. the ad spermatogonia are considered to be the stem cells. each divides to produce a new ad spermatogonium and a ap1 spermatogonium during stage ix of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. an ap1 spermatogonium produces two ap2 spermatogonia ...	1992	1571970
annual changes in levels of plasma lh and size of cloacal protrusion in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) housed in outdoor cages under natural conditions.	japanese quail of the strain used in our laboratory do not show a complete decrease in levels of circulating luteinizing hormone (lh) concentrations and show no collapse of the testes following their transfer from long to short days under laboratory conditions. thus, merely manipulating photoperiods in the laboratory does not simulate an annual breeding cycle. to see whether an annual breeding cycle does exist in "our" quail under natural conditions, mature male birds were housed in individual c ...	1992	1577244
multilocus dna fingerprints in gallinaceous birds: general approach and problems.	multilocus profiles were investigated in five different species of galliformes (ring-necked pheasant phasianus colchicus, indian peafowl pavo cristatus, japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica, domestic chicken gallus gallus, and red grouse lagopus lagopus scoticus) using two human multilocus probes (33.6 and 33.15) in combination with each of four restriction enzymes (alui, ddei, haeiii or hinfi). all the species show a dna fingerprint-like pattern using at least one restriction enzyme in com ...	1992	1612925
dotted white--a plumage color mutant in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a plumage color mutant, dotted white (dtw), of japanese quail is described in this paper. the adult dtw mutant shows white plumage with a small colored spot on the head and/or back. the pigmented spots invariably appear on the dorsal region and never on the ventral region of the body. some birds lack colored spots and show pure white plumage. the chick of the dtw mutant shows cream yellow plumules similar to those of the white leghorn chick. colored spots also exist as in adults, and its colorat ...	1992	1740163
effects of handling and pair management on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ).	three experiments were designed to study the effects of handling, pairing, and frequency of mating opportunities on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ) when the sexes were caged separately except during the 90 minute mating periods. in experiments 1 and 2, 48 females and 48 males were allocated randomly to one of four treatments: 1) continuously paired, 2) paired daily with the same male, 3) paired daily with a different male, and 4) paired every third day with the same male. in ...	1992	16727087
the changes in body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein turnover rate by selection for body size in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	1. body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein degradation rate were measured in the three quail lines selected for body size, a random bred line (rr) and two lines selected for large (ll) or small (ss) body size. 2. the body temperature at 15 weeks of age was highest for small body size line and lowest for large body size line. 3. the body temperature, oxygen consumption and co2 production of females were significantly higher than that of males. 4. the fractional deg ...	1992	1361899
circadian nature of the photoperiodic clock in japanese quail.	the photoperiodic clock in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) is based upon a rhythm of photoinducibility (phi i) but the extent to which this rhythm is circadian remains unclear. two types of experiment investigated this situation. in the first, gonadectomized quail were adapted to live in periods of darkness by training them on a schedule containing one short day and 3 days of darkness (sd/dd/dd/dd). they were then exposed to a single pulse of 6 or 10 h of light at different times across 3 day ...	1992	1469668
gut microflora can modify fatty acid composition in liver and egg yolk lipids of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. the influence of the gut microflora on lipid metabolism was investigated in germ-free (gf) and conventional (cv) laying japanese quail. 2. serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations showed comparable values in both gf and cv environments. 3. the fatty acid composition of liver lipids was modified by the presence of gut microflora. notably, in the presence of the gut microflora, proportion of oleic acid was reduced and conversely, stearic and linoleic acids were enhanced. 4. in egg yolk lip ...	1992	1358512
direct and correlated responses to bidirectional selection for dustbathing activity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	bidirectional selection was conducted for dustbathing activity in male japanese quail over 17 generations. the response to selection was slightly asymmetrical, due mainly to scale effects and a threshold imposing discontinuity on the visible expression of dustbathing in the low line. correlated responses to selection were found for latency to dustbathe, duration, intensity, and incidence of nonbathers. in general, changes followed linear patterns over time in both lines with the exception of qua ...	1992	1417682
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. ii. diathetic genes and the leftover variance "v(e)".	the sources of deviation from population-typical norms of variability were studied in relation to early approach preferences between colors in newly hatched japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica). subjects were drawn from an unselected genetic control line, two genetic lines that were artificially selected for extreme blue and red preferences, their hybrids, and a large set of backcross and assortatively derived generations. large progressive increases were observed with selection in ...	1992	1417681
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. i. behavioral synergism and systemic instability.	differences between population-typical norms of individual variability were studied in five genetic lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica); two (bl and rl) were bidirectionally selected for early approach preference between blue and red stimuli, two (hi and lo) for high and low imprintabilities to the same stimuli, and the fifth (cl) was an unselected genetic control line. selection resulted in reliably divergent extreme choice performances and imprintabilities and in progressively ...	1992	1417680
production, hatchability and fertility of eggs from breeding japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets containing furazolidone.	1. breeding japanese quail were allocated to 8 groups, each group consisting of 20 females and males. the birds were fed one of 4 diets for up to 33 d: a control diet or a diet containing 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg furazolidone. subsequently, quails were fed a furazolidone-free diet for up to 21 d. egg production, quality, hatchability and fertility of the groups were measured. 2. significant reduction in egg production occurred in birds fed 400 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg furazolidone, the eff ...	1992	1393678
serum esterase inhibition in birds: a nondestructive biomarker to assess organophosphorus and carbamate contamination.	with the aim of proposing a nondestructive biomarker for monitoring the toxicological risk to birds of exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide azamethiphos and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, laboratory studies were performed on serum "b" esterases in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the birds received two single dose treatments of each compound (azamethiphos and methomyl), i.e., 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively. in the first treatment, serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) ...	1992	1637204
effect of feeding palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids to japanese quail hens (coturnix coturnix japonica). 2. maternal diets and stage of incubation on the lipid metabolism of quail embryos.	an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) and three stages of development (days 11, 13, and 15 of incubation) on 1) weights of yolk plus yolk sac membrane (ty), yolk sac membrane (ysm), yolk, liver, and extrahepatic tissue (et); and 2) the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions of ysm and et of quail embryos. embryos from birds fed di ...	1992	1614943
growth and development of lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) divergently selected for body weight at 4 weeks of age.	1. divergent selection for body weight resulted in significant increases and decreases in body weight and the relative weight of the pectoralis major breast muscle in heavy (hw) and light weight (lw) strains of japanese quail compared with a randombred control strain (r1). 2. the relative weights of the abdominal fat pad and total carcass lipid were increased in the hw strain, particularly in the females. 3. sexual maturity was similar in hw and r1 hens but was delayed in the lw hens. hw hens la ...	1992	1354587
sexual development and free-running period in quail kept in constant darkness.	in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) sexual development may occur in total darkness (dd). linked to sexual maturation, variations of the rhythm of feeding activity were observed: in dd, the amount of activity increased and the period of the free-running rhythm lengthened. during the first weeks in dd all the quails presented a free-running period less than 24 hr (22.3 +/- 0.5 hr; n = 50). at the end of the experiment, the more a bird was mature, the greater the lengthening of its perio ...	1992	1505719
the effect of dehydration on brain temperature regulation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. the effect of dehydration and heat exposure on body and brain temperature was studied in quail exposed to increasing ambient temperatures within the range of 25-40 degrees c. 2. the body-to-brain temperature difference was not affected by increasing ambient temperature or hydration state. a mean body-to-brain temperature difference of 0.96 +/- 0.64 degrees c and 0.85 +/- 0.65 degrees c was found in normally hydrated and dehydrated quail, respectively. 3. the slope of the relation between brai ...	1992	1348680
evidence for genetic etiology of heteroploidy in embryos of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the japanese quail was used as an experimental system to detect the effects of genes that affect chromosome behavior and distribution. from a random-bred population, three inbred generations were produced by full-sib matings in 36 families. the expectation from such a breeding scheme was that embryos bearing aberrations induced by recessive mutant genes would cluster within families and recur in particular lineages. chromosomal aberrations caused by errors during fertilization, cleavage mitosis, ...	1992	1611913
stumpy limb--an embryonic lethal mutation in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	an embryonic lethal mutant was found in japanese quail and named "stumpy limb (sl)". all sl embryos died at pre-hatching stages, showing brachycephaly, a thickened neck, short upper and lower beaks, and short and thick extremities, while their body length was similar to that of the normal embryos. observations on the skeleton revealed a globular skull, unusual curvature of the processus palatinus maxillaris of the upper beak, and shortening and thickening of the appendicular bones. some embryos ...	1991	1748170
social motivation in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica chicks selected for high or low levels of treadmill behaviour.	social motivation (as measured by a visually isolated chick's tendency to establish visual contact with, move towards and remain in proximity to a group of conspecifics) was assessed in lines of japanese quail which had been selected for high (hsr line) or low (lsr line) levels of an index of treadmill behaviour which combined the tendency to run towards conspecifics with the tendency to move away from them. hsr line chicks peeded sooner and more frequently before establishing visual contact wit ...	1991	24923697
localization of neuropeptide y-immunoreactive cells and fibres in the brain of the japanese quail.	in the present study, we have demonstrated, by means of the biotin-avidin method, the widespread distribution of neuropeptide y (npy)-immunoreactive structures throughout the whole brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the prosencephalic region contained the highest concentration of both npy-containing fibres and perikarya. immunoreactive fibres were observed throughout, particularly within the paraolfactory lobe, the lateral septum, the nucleus taeniae, the preoptic area, th ...	1991	1934027
learning to discriminate the sex of conspecifics in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): tests of "biological constraints".	male japanese quail learn to approach and remain near female, but not male, quail if they are allowed to copulate with female quail and receive noncopulatory exposures to males. the generality of the mechanisms involved in this type of discrimination learning was investigated in the present study. in experiment 1, ss learned to spend more time near initially unfamiliar blonde quail than familiar brown female or male quail as a result of being allowed to copulate with the blonde, but not the brow ...	1991	1890391
the effects of busulfan on gonadal differentiation and development in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	to determine the effects on gonadal differentiation and development, two concentrations of busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate) were injected into the albumen of unincubated japanese quail eggs, and the eggs were then incubated. half of the hatchlings were killed at 3 days of age and the rest at 10 wk of age (4 wk past puberty). hatchability of fertile eggs was lowest in those eggs injected with 420 micrograms of busulfan (19.6%), intermediate in the 210-micrograms group (54.7%), and hig ...	1991	1886873
discriminating the sex of conspecifics by male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	how male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) discriminate the sex of conspecifics at a distance was investigated by testing subjects with male and female stimulus birds on the other side of a small window after opportunities to copulate with females and again after repeated exposures to males in the absence of copulatory opportunity. time spent near the window, frequency of window approaches, duration of window visits, rate of walking near the window, line crossings outside the window ar ...	1991	1860310
transcription of a quail gene expressed in embryonic retinal cells is shut off sharply at hatching.	the avian neuroretina (nr) is part of the central nervous system and is composed of photoreceptors, neuronal cells, and müller (glial) cells. these cells are derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors that differentiate after terminal mitosis and become organized in cell strata. genes that are specifically expressed at the various stages of retinal development are presently unknown. we have isolated a quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) cdna clone, named qr1, encoding a 676-amino acid ...	1991	2034690
divergent selection for duration of tonic immobility and social reinstatement behavior in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were selected over 8 generations for long or short duration of tonic immobility (ti) weighted for independence from social reinstatement (sr) behavior (as measured in a treadmill) and for high or low levels of sr behavior weighted for independence from duration of ti. divergent selection for long or short duration of ti and for high or low levels of sr behavior resulted in immediate and significant responses that continued throughout the 8 generations. ...	1991	2032452
genetic and experiential manipulation of fear-related behavior in japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we examined effects of environmental enrichment and regular handling on fear-related responses in chicks of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) selected over several generations for short or long tonic immobility (sti and lti, respectively). sti chicks froze less, vocalized and walked sooner and more in an open field, emerged sooner from a hole-in-the-wall box, and showed shorter ti reactions than did chicks of the lti line. similarly, environmental enrichment reduced silence and inactiv ...	1991	2032451
the serotoninergic system in the brain of the japanese quail. an immunohistochemical study.	the presence and topographical localization of the serotoninergic system in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been studied by means of peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry. the perimeter, diameter, area, and shape factor of immunoreactive cells have been recorded and analyzed morphometrically for intra- and interspecies comparison. the data reported here confirm and extend results previously obtained in the brain of other avian species. serotonin-immunor ...	1991	2007251
the influence of thiourea on the development of the cultured quail embryo.	although thyroid hormones are known to promote embryonic development, it is still questionable whether the hormones of the thyroid gland exert a stimulatory effect on the early embryo. in attempting to elucidate the thyroid function in this period, we tried to block the synthesis of thyroid hormones by thiourea and followed the embryogenesis under these conditions. the experiments were performed with cultured quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica), which seemed especially suitable for those ...	1991	1905865
parallel measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase and the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the diagnosis of acute, lethal poisoning by anti-cholinesterase pesticides.	the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and the density of muscarinic cholinergic binding receptors (mcbr) were measured in brains from normal japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and from quail after lethal intoxication with diazinon. these were measured in brains from whole heads held at 25 c for 0 to 8 days after death. the maximum relative loss of activity due to post mortem decomposition alone during 8 days was 13% and 10% for ache and mcbr, respectively. during post mortem decom ...	1991	2023308
thermal and metabolic responsiveness of japanese quail embryos following periodic exposure to 2,450 mhz microwaves.	two studies were performed to determine if repeated exposure of the avian egg to microwaves can alter metabolism, temperature, and growth rate of embryos. another aim was to supplement conventional heating with microwave heating and provide an optimal temperature for growth. japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs were exposed from day 1 through 15 of incubation (8 h/day) to sham or microwave (2,450 mhz) irradiation. microwave exposures were at two power densities, 5 or 20 mw/cm2, and a ...	1991	1930307
renal carbonic anhydrase in the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. ii. changes of enzyme activity in developing and regressing mesonephros.	carbonic anhydrase activity was studied during development and regression of the quail mesonephros by in situ and extra situm investigation. a close correlation was noted between enzyme expression and tissue morphofunctional state. carbonic anhydrase appears in early development; its highest activity is reached when the kidney is actively secreting, followed by a decrease concomitant with tissue involution. the main localization of the reaction product is the distal tubule showing strongly posit ...	1991	1905113
photosensory elements in the pineal gland of the japanese quail, with special reference to the paraboloid.	in 1-day-old japanese quails, coturnix coturnix japonica, photosensory elements of the pineal gland were examined by means of histochemical demonstration of glycogen and transmission electron microscopy. the parenchymal cells of the quail show immature structure, especially, small apical protrusion with a few mitochondria in the pinealocyte and rare appearance of the dense body in the supporting cell. the paraboloid is found in cytoplasmic processes projecting into the follicular lumen and in pe ...	1991	1883075
lipogenesis depending on sexual maturity in female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. lipid biosynthesis in the liver as well as transport into the follicles in japanese quail were investigated depending on sexual maturity at 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age. lipogenesis of the liver and incorporation of lipid into the follicles were determined by administering [1-14c]sodium acetate. 2. body weight increased up to 9 weeks of age, whereas the weight of the liver and follicle did not alter after 7 weeks of age. 3. fatty acid synthesis in the liver was at its highest at 7 weeks of age ...	1991	1799977
immunocytochemical distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the central nervous system of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in the present study we detailed the distribution of gfap-immunopositive structures within the central nervous system of the japanese quail. different fixation and embedding procedures were applied. the best results were obtained on frozen cryostatic sections from freshly dissected brains subsequently fixed by a short immersion in cold acetone. immunopositive structures were observed both with immunofluorescence, and with immunoperoxidase methods. immunoreactive cell bodies and processes were ob ...	1991	1776703
light- and electron-microscopic observations on the relationship between prelampbrush oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells in the laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	transmission electronmicroscopic (tem) observations demonstrated that the most superficial region of quail oocytes during the prelampbrush stage differs locally from the deeper ooplasm and is an active zone which forms exooplasmic cones, ridges or knob-like protrusions in the direction of/or in the granulosa cells. this exooplasm, in which no mitochondria were seen, is separated from the endooplasm, by a narrow interrupted filamentous layer. using a lipid-preserving method of fixation, morpholog ...	1991	1747204
stilbestrol as a factor modifying the toxicity of ekatin for the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). i. young birds.	1. the noted fall of the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels after stilbestrol indicate that this hormone disturbs erythropoiesis, probably by depressing the maturation of erythroid cells in the bone marrow. 2. the reaction of the erythrocyte system of birds intoxicated with ekatin indicates that this pesticide has a haemolytic influence on the morphotic elements of the blood. 3. estrogenisation enhances the action of ekatin on the erythrocyte system by as it seems increasing t ...	1991	1687558
immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates.	immunoreactive endothelin (ir-et) was estimated in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates, using radioimmunoassay (ria) for endothelin-1 (et-1). blood samples were collected from unanesthetized animals. plasma et was determined by ria after extraction. plasma levels of ir-et were 0.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml (n = 6) in the hagfish eptatretus burgeri, 4.3 +/- 0.9 pg/ml (n = 5) in the banded dogfish triakis scyllia, 3.6 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (n = 3) in the common japanese conger conger myriaster, 9.6 +/- 1.4 pg/ml (n = ...	1991	1725396
effects of long term 2% fish oil supplements on tissue fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and arterial histology in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the effects of 2% olive oil (oo) or fish oil (fo) (super epa500) dietary supplementation (9 months) on japanese "sea" quail was investigated. the animals were examined for tissue biochemical changes and possible blood vessel fatty deposition. the fatty acids of blood and tissue extracts from heart, liver and fat were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid was markedly decreased in fo treated animals compared to ...	1991	1750803
effect of feeding palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids to japanese quail hens (coturnix coturnix japonica). 1. reproductive performance and tissue fatty acids.	a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) on reproductive performance, fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma, and liver, and total plasma phosphorus of japanese quail. each diet was fed to 20 individually caged hens from 5 wk of age. a 24-wk production period started at 8 wk of age. fertile eggs for incubation were obtained by placing at random a male in the cage with the female fo ...	1991	1784570
day and nighttime concentrations of 5-methoxytryptophol and melatonin in the retina and pineal gland from different classes of vertebrates.	5-methoxytryptophol (ml) and melatonin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in the retinae and pineal glands of frogs (rana esculenta), chickens (gallus domesticus), quails (coturnix coturnix), and european hamsters (cricetus cricetus), killed in the afternoon (1500-1700 hr) and around midnight (2400-0200 hr). ml was only detectable in significant amounts in the frog retina. in the pineal gland ml levels showed the opposite profile to retinal ml, with measurable levels in the chick ...	1991	1808021
effects of first formant onset properties on voicing judgments result from processes not specific to humans.	both first formant (f1) transition duration and f1 onset frequency have been proposed to be perceptually significant in categorization of voiced and voiceless syllable-initial stops. transition duration per se may not, however, explain the fact that, for longer transitions, longer f1 cutback is required in order to perceive a stop as voiceless. longer transitions result in lower f1 onsets at any duration of cutback greater than zero, and it is possible that the major effect of f1 is determined b ...	1991	1880303
relative salience of species maternal calls in neonatal gallinaceous birds: a direct comparison of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus).	differential-approach tendencies of individual incubator-hatched chickens and japanese quail were assayed using one exemplar of each of the species maternal calls in a simultaneous-choice paradigm. within 24 hr after hatching, the birds received several short periods of exposure to rotating mounts of an adult female chicken and quail, which emitted the species-appropriate call. all birds were then tested with calls alone over the following 2 to 4 days. the test stimuli were played from speakers ...	1991	2032455
purification and characterization of chymotrypsinogen from pancreas of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. a chymotrypsinogen from pancreas of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was purified by acid extraction, salt fractionation and chromatographic separation on cm-cellulose and sephadex g-100, and gave a single protein band on sds-page. 2. quail chymotrypsinogen had a mol. wt of 26,100 calculated from amino acid composition data, an isoelectric point of 7.68, a km of 3.1 mm and k0 of 40.7 sec-1 for tyrosine ester substrate. 3. the activated chymotrypsinogen of quail had a maximum activi ...	1990	2085958
interaction between eimeria uzura infection and aflatoxicosis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the clinical signs and gross lesions caused by eimeria uzura (10(5) oocysts) in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exhibited little or no influence in the face of intercurrent dietary aflatoxicosis (1 p.p.m. of aflatoxin b1 from day 0 to 55). similarly, no significant differences in the mucosal morphology of the intestine were evident histologically between the two groups of japanese quail. the nervous signs of ataxia, leg weakness, incoordination of movement, torticollis and terminal o ...	1990	2111599
vasopressor and depressor effects of native angiotensins and inhibition of these effects in the japanese quail.	the amino acid sequence of angiotensin i (ang i) from the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, obtained from incubation of homologous plasma and kidney extract was determined as h-asp-arg-val-tyr-val-his-pro-phe-ser-leu-oh. a bolus, intravenous injection of native ang i or of ang ii induced an immediate vasodepressor response and a subsequent vasopressor response in quail which has been lightly anesthetized with urethane (0.75 g/kg). the values for ed50 for the vasopressor and depressor e ...	1990	2191893
production of avian antibodies to three potyviruses in coturnix quail.	avian antibodies against three potyviruses were produced in a small bird, coturnix quail (coturnix coturnix japonica temminck et schlegel), with 15-60 micrograms of purified virus preparations. intramuscular injections of immunogen with freund's incomplete or complete adjuvant into the birds did not result in higher titer of antibody compared to that of control birds given intravenous injections. quail egg yolk antibody was as useful as hen antibody for indirect-elisa and allowed virus to be det ...	1990	2196273
behavior of rabbit dental tissues in heterospecific association with embryonic quail ectoderm.	the behavior of dental tissues from the rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus, in association with epithelium from the quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, has been examined. adult and embryo rabbits were employed in this study. dental papillae from teeth at the cap stage from rabbit embryos and dental pulp from adult rabbits were isolated surgically and recombined with skin ectoderm from 72-hour-old quail embryos. the recombined tissues were cultured for 48 hours on semi-solid medium and subsequently rem ...	1990	2250161
isolation of campylobacter jejuni from the eggs and organs in experimentally infected laying japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1990	2385046
nonmammalian vertebrate models in studies of brain-steroid interactions.	estrogen formation in brain and pituitary mediates certain androgen actions in central targets. goldfish (carassius auratus) and quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) have been advantageous for studying the role of locally formed estrogen in autoregulating aromatization and in controlling estrogen receptor occupancy, androgen receptor levels, and behavioral expression. data from these two experimental models reveal a molecular basis for androgen-estrogen synergism in neuroendocrine tissues and for ...	1990	1974804
the effect of prolactin and cb154 on in vivo lipogenesis and enzyme patterns in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica and of photositmulation on enzyme patterns in the white-throated sparrow, zonotrichia albicollis.		1990	175996
photoperiodic control of the termination of reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	typically, birds come into breeding in the spring as a response to long days, and end reproduction some weeks later by becoming refractory to those long days. the refractory state is subsequently dissipated by the short days of autumn and winter, so producing once again a bird that can respond to long days. bird species differ in the extent to which refractoriness is developed; the present experiments took advantage of the relative, rather than the absolute, refractoriness in quail to measure qu ...	1990	1983038
temperature modulation of photoperiodically induced lh secretion and its termination in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	long days induced lh release in photosensitive japanese quail and ambient temperature did not affect this process. temperature also did not affect the levels of circulating lh concentrations at the steady state of lh release on long days. on the other hand, low ambient temperature was required to reduce circulating lh to a nonbreeding level together with the change of the photoperiod from long to short days; the changes of the photoperiod without low ambient temperature induced a decrease of cir ...	1990	2289686
effects of the nonsteroidal inhibitor r76713 on testosterone-induced sexual behavior in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a new triazole derivative, r76713 (6-[4-chlorophenyl)(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-1h- benzotriazole), was recently shown to inhibit aromatase selectively without affecting other steroid-metabolizing enzymes and without interacting with estrogen, progestin, or androgen receptors. this compound was tested for its capacity to intefere with the induction of copulatory behavior by testosterone (t) in castrated japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in a first experiment, r76713 inhib ...	1990	2286366
hatching of japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) following long, daily cyclical interruptions of their incubation.	the adaptive advantages were studied of long, daily cyclical interruptions of incubation for the hatching of japanese quail. the aim was to mimic in a more pronounced form the natural cyclical variations to which avian embryos may be subjected and still survive. the results indicated that by consecutive daily 8-h interruptions of incubation it was possible to lengthen the embryonic period by one-third without apparent harm and with potential improvement in hatchability. after consecutive daily 1 ...	1990	2084682
spatial arrangement of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the spatial arrangement of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the japanese quail was investigated by preparing three-dimensional reconstructions of a seminiferous tubule from each of 3 quails. it was found that the stages were not distributed at random, but were arranged in a wave which spiralled helically along a seminiferous tubule. adjacent stages in space were always adjacent numbers in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. complete spermatogenetic waves were found ...	1990	2250235
renal carbonic anhydrase in the quail coturnix coturnix japonica: i. activity and distribution in male and female metanephros.	carbonic anhydrase activity was studied in the quail metanephros by means of histochemical, histophotometrical and biochemical methods. male and female samples were examined separately in order to show sex-related differences in enzyme activity and localization. the staining patterns revealed differential distribution of reaction product in the different tubular segments. the initial portion of proximal tubules showed positivity on the brush border in female kidneys only. extra situ investigatio ...	1990	2127415
the influence of supplemental corn oil and free fatty acids on the reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn oil (co) and commercial free fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of blood plasma and egg yolk lipids and on the reproductive performance of japanese quail. when quail were fed a semi-purified low-fat basal mix, the substitution of 3% of co for corn starch (cs) improved egg weight (11.2 versus 10.8 g), reduced late embryonic mortality (16.7 versus 28.4%), and improved hatchability (75.7 versus 64.1%). diets in which palmiti ...	1990	2123342
muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the songbird and quail brain: a quantitative autoradiographic study.	in order to clarify the neuroanatomical basis for postulated muscarinic cholinergic control of a wide array of physiological processes in birds, the distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brain of three avian species was investigated by quantitative autoradiography. the species consisted of two passerines (songbirds), the european starling (sturnus vulgaris) and the song sparrow (melospiza melodia), and one galliform, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). [3h]n-methyl ...	1990	2229474
aromatization mediates aggressive behavior in quail.	although testosterone (t) stimulates aggressive and reproductive behaviors in males of many vertebrate species, it is now known that the full expression of t action in the brain requires aromatization to estradiol (e2) and subsequent interaction of locally formed e2 with nuclear estrogen receptors. in experiments reported here, we used a behavioral test which quantifies the response of an individual male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) to the visual stimulus of a conspecific. we have ...	1990	2191894
the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and estimation of its duration.	a regular, well defined spermatogenic cycle was found in the japanese quail by examining thin sections of isolated lengths of seminiferous tubules embedded in epoxy resin to resolve the structure of developing spermatids. the stages of the cycle initially were identified in studies using a preparatory method for fixation which separated adjacent cellular associations. the cycle was divided into 10 stages with relative frequencies (%) of stages i to x respectively of: 11.9, 14.8, 24.1, 10.3, 8.2, ...	1990	2325016
plasma cholesterol responses to the adrenocorticotropic hormone in japanese quail following eighteen generations of divergent selection.	japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines were divergently selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth). data for generations 9 to 18 indicated a greater response in the low (l) line than in the high (h) line, which was contrary to selection responses for the first eight generations. during generations 9 to 18, selection differentials were greater in the h line; however, heritability estimates were greater in the l line. these data suggest caution in the interpr ...	1990	2158649
steroid modulation of muscarinic cholinergic and alpha2-adrenergic receptor density in the nucleus intercollicularis of the japanese quail.	androgen modulation of neurotransmitter receptor density was investigated in the nucleus intercollicularis (ico) of male and female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). ico appears to play an important role in the neural control of testosterone (t) dependent vocal behaviour. two receptor types were investigated in this nucleus; muscarinic cholinergic receptors, labelled using [3h]n-methyl scopolamine (nms) as the ligand, and alpha2-adrenergic receptors, labelled using [3h]p-amino-clonidi ...	1990	12106090
comparison of hypocholesterolemic activities of the bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride in cholesterol fed sea quail.	the pharmacopolymer bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride were mixed with a diet supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol at levels of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% for cholestyramine and 0.5% and 1.0% for colestipol and fed to young, male, sea (susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) for a period of seven days. after treatment blood was obtained by venipuncture from non-fasted animals and analyzed for serum total cholesterol concen ...	1990	2396902
anti-atherosclerotic activity of colestipol hydrochloride in sea quail.	young, male, sea (susceptible to experimental atherosclerosis) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of yellow corn meal and soybean meal supplemented with 2% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid. a control group of ten animals was fed the atherogenic diet for eight weeks, and another group was fed the same diet containing 2% colestipol hydrochloride for the same length of time. at the end of the treatment period serum and arterial total cholesterols were ...	1990	2337384
characterization of insulin receptors in primary cultures of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) oviduct cells. the level of insulin receptor is regulated by steroid and peptide hormones.	1. we have characterized the insulin receptor in primary cultured quail oviduct cells and examined the hormonal regulation of its level. 2. we have also shown the recycling pathway of insulin receptors in the cultured cells using specific inhibitors (tunicamycin, chloroquine, monensin, and brefeldin a). 3. our data suggest that glucocorticoids play important physiological roles in egg-white protein synthesis through increasing the number of insulin receptors and insulin through enhancing the tra ...	1990	2085960
serum chemistries of coturnix coturnix japonica given dietary manganese oxide (mn3o4).	1. plasma creatinine and inorganic phosphorus were increased in manganese oxide (mn3o4)-treated adult male coturnix quail, but bun, bun/creatinine ratio, uric acid, and total calcium were decreased. 2. serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase) were elevated in mn3o4-treated adult male coturnix quail, but creatine phosphokinase was not affected. 3. dietary mn3o4 at 5000 ppm did not produce overt signs of toxico ...	1990	1981341
aggressive behavior in birds: an experimental model for studies of brain-steroid interactions.	1. although testosterone (t) stimulates aggressiveness in males of many vertebrate species, it is now known that the full expression of t actions in the central nervous system requires aromatization to estradiol (e2) and subsequent binding of formed e2 to its receptor. 2. we have recently confirmed these as rate-limiting steps in the control of sex-related and individual differences in aggressiveness of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). 3. in this review, we describe some of the n ...	1990	1979529
the influence of stress treatment on femur cortical bone porosity and medullary bone status in japanese quail selected for high and low blood corticosterone response to stress.	1. femurs taken from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) genetically selected for either exaggerated (hs; high-stress) or reduced (ls; low-stress) blood corticosterone (b) response to unfamiliar environments were examined to determine their cortical bone porosity (cbp; degree of osteoporosis) and medullary bone (mb) status following treatment with or without stress. 2. femur cbp was elevated in both sexes of stressed, hs-line quail and was attributed directly to the presumably exaggerate ...	1990	1970526
the dynamics of progesterone output in perifused granulosa layer of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and aminoglutethimide.	a perifusion system has been developed in which the rates of progesterone output of quail granulosa layer in response to steroidogenic stimuli, can be measured under dynamic condition. in response to a continuous perifusion for 8 h with dibutyryl cyclic amp (dbcamp), there was a gradual increase in the rate of progesterone output, which reached a plateau at 4-5 h of perifusion. when progesterone output was inhibited by aminoglutethimide, a reversible inhibitor of the cholesterol side chain cleav ...	1989	2559251
an autoradiographic study of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the neuroanatomical distribution of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors was studied in japanese quail by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using the specific antagonist [3h]prazosin as the ligand. the presence of saturable (bmax less than 200 fmol/mg protein) high affinity (kd less than 0.12 nm) binding sites was detected by saturation analysis. high concentrations of [3h]prazosin binding sites were detected in the archistriatum/pars ventralis, the hippocampus, the cortex piriformis, the area corti ...	1989	2558805
lead influences on physiological and growth responses in coturnix coturnix japonica selected for large body weights.	coturnix coturnix japonica, selected for large adult weight (fatty), were 40% heavier than random-bred controls (rb). given dietary lead (50 or 500 mg/kg) from hatching, fatty (10%) showed a smaller decrease in body weight than did rb (22%) at 6 weeks. egg production was lower in fatty, and lead (500 mg/kg) caused a greater suppression in fatty. lead added to the diet of fatty and rb control diets at 7 weeks into egg production caused a 15% decrease in rb production but only a transitory decreas ...	1989	2792056
variation among lines selected for body size in the fractional rate of degradation of protein and acid protease activity in the muscle of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	fractional rates (%/day) of degradation of muscle protein were determined by measuring the output of nt-methylhistidine (nt-mh) in the excreta at 2 and 10 weeks of age in three lines of quail, a random-bred line and two lines selected for body size, one for increased and the other for decreased size. in all lines, fractional rates of degradation of muscle protein at 2 weeks of age were higher than those at 10 weeks of age. the fractional rate of degradation at 2 weeks of age was highest for the ...	1989	2695061
mitogen stimulation affects contractile protein mrna abundance and translation in embryonic quail myocytes.	in cultures of differentiated, fusion-blocked muscle cells obtained from embryonic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), mitogen stimulation leads to an immediate reduction in the rates of synthesis of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (mhc) and alpha-actin. the molecular mechanisms responsible for this downregulation were examined. the cellular abundances of the alpha-actin and mhc mrnas were affected differently by mitogen stimulation; alpha-actin mrna abundance declined by an amount w ...	1989	2796987
distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the brain of the japanese quail as determined by quantitative autoradiography: implications for the control of sexually dimorphic reproductive processes.	with the use of [3h]p-aminoclonidine (pac), alpha 2-adrenergic binding sites were mapped in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the sites were labeled with the use of in vitro quantitative autoradiography. special attention was given to areas implicated in the control of sexually dimorphic reproductive processes including sexual behavior. preliminary competition experiments found that [3h]pac binding on tissue sections exhibited a pharmacology appropriate to the alpha 2 ...	1989	2569910
a dorsomedial subdivision within the nucleus intercollicularis identified in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by means of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor autoradiography and estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry.	the nucleus intercollicularis is an important site in the control of vocalization in birds. in oscines, a subregion of the nucleus intercollicularis called the dorso-medial intercollicular nucleus appears to play a key role in this process because it receives the majority of the projections from the nucleus robustus archistriatalis and sends most of the projections to the motor nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve. in this paper, we present neurochemical studies of the nucleus intercollicularis in t ...	1989	2546669
[cellular specificity of lectin binding in the kidney of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	the goal of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of glycoproteins in the various segments of the japanese quail nephron, using lectins labeled with hrp or fitc. each one of the six labeled lectins had a characteristic distribution pattern along the nephron. the study shows that lectins are useful markers for certain nephron segments or for cell types in certain segments of the renal tubules. pna marks the thin portion of the medullary loop, dba marks the thick portion; it is thus possi ...	1989	2757236
effects of brefeldin a on the synthesis and secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we investigated the effect of brefeldin a (bfa) and monensin on the secretion of egg white proteins in primary cultured oviduct cells. monensin inhibited the secretion of egg white proteins, but this drug also caused morphological changes of the cells and inhibited their protein synthesis. bfa inhibited protein secretion without any remarkable morphological changes of the cells and without significant inhibition of protein synthesis. in the presence of bfa at 1 microgram/ml, only 10% of synthesi ...	1989	2713420
localization of aromatase in synaptosomal and microsomal subfractions of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) brain.	the subcellular distribution patterns of aromatase, 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reductase in the hypothalamus/preoptic area of japanese quail were studied using standard methods of centrifugation, and fractional constituents were identified by marker enzymes. aromatase was concentrated 8-fold in the 100,000 g pellet (p3) along with a 3-fold enrichment in the microsomal marker nadph-cytochrome c reductase (ncr) a result consistent with glandular tissues. in addition, aromatase was enriched 2-fold in the ...	1989	2716959
estrogen receptors in quail brain: a functional relationship to aromatase and aggressiveness.	estradiol (e2) mediates many of the activational effects of testosterone (t) on masculine reproductive and aggressive behaviors. using japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) as an animal model, together with a newly devised procedure for quantifying aggressiveness, we recently showed that aggression is e2-dependent and that individual differences in behavioral intensity are correlated with aromatase in the hypothalamus/preoptic area (hpoa). in this study we characterized estrogen receptors ...	1989	2720027
genetic variants of phosvitin in egg yolk of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	phosvitin polymorphism in egg yolk of the japanese quail was found by horizontal polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. six phenotypes of yolk phosvitin designated a, b, c, ab, ac, and bc were observed in a population of 281 birds. analysis of family data revealed that the phenotypic variation of quail yolk phosvitins was controlled by an autosomal pv locus with three codominant alleles, pva, pvb and pvc. the gene frequencies of pva, pvb and pvc were 0.064, 0.824 and 0.112, respectively.	1989	2610404
retinal projections in quail (coturnix coturnix).	the trajectory of retinal projections and the location of retinorecipient nuclei in the quail brain was examined after application of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) either to the cut end of the optic nerve or following intraocular injection of hrp. retinal projections to the hypothalamus, dorsalateral anterior thalamus (rostralateral part, magnocellular part, and lateral part), lateral anterior thalamus, lateroventral geniculate nucleus, lateral geniculate intercalated nuclei (rostral and caudal p ...	1989	2487114
ganglion cell loss continues during hair cell regeneration.	hair cells and ganglion cells were counted in young adult quail (coturnix coturnix) after acoustic trauma at 10, 30, 60 and 90 day survival times. following sacrifice the basilar papillae, along with the ganglia, were fixed, embedded in plastic and sectioned serially at 100 mu intervals from basal to apical tip. hair cells and ganglion cells were counted from 3 mu thick sections at each interval. hair cells were designated as tall or short within the area 30-70% of length from basal tip of the p ...	1989	2613569
sodium chloride and water transport in the thin descending limb of henle of the quail.	birds and mammals can produce hyperosmotic urine, but their renal morphology and urine-concentrating mechanisms differ. to elucidate the countercurrent urine concentration mechanism in birds, we examined the structure and transport properties of the descending limb (dl) of henle of mammalian-type nephrons in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix. in the avian renal medulla, a prominent ring of collecting ducts and scattered thick limbs surrounds a core of capillaries and dls. epithelial cells in the ...	1989	2603965
testosterone as a factor modifying the toxicity of ekatin for the pharaoh quail (coturnix coturnix pharaoh). i. mature birds.	1. testosterone reduces the haemolytic action of ekatin on the morphotic blood elements by accelerating maturation of erythroblastic cells. 2. testosterone, by accelerating the metabolism of the pesticide causes a defective defence processes of the organism by decreasing the number of macrophages. 3. intoxication of androgenised birds with ekatin leads to a breakdown of the systemic adaptive mechanisms by rapid and early switching on the adrenal cortex in response to the stress caused by poisoni ...	1989	2566450