Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vitro kinetics of hepatic albendazole sulfoxidation in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), tilapia (oreochromis sp.), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and induction of erod activity in abz-dosed channel catfish. | liver microsomes from market-size (n = 6) rainbow trout, channel catfish and tilapia were used to investigate in vitro biotransformation kinetics of albendazole (abz). abz was transformed to a single metabolite, abz sulfoxide (abz-so). catfish displayed the highest maximal velocity (v(max) = 264.0 +/- 58.6 pmols abz-so/min/mg protein) followed by tilapia (112.3 +/- 8.2) and rainbow trout (73.3 +/- 10.3). v(max) in catfish was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the other two species. michael ... | 2009 | 19754908 |
| effects of temperature on disease progression and swimming stamina in ichthyophonus-infected rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were infected with ichthyophonus sp. and held at 10 degrees c, 15 degrees c and 20 degrees c for 28 days to monitor mortality and disease progression. infected fish demonstrated more rapid onset of disease, higher parasite load, more severe host tissue reaction and reduced mean-day-to-death at higher temperature. in a second experiment, ichthyophonus-infected fish were reared at 15 degrees c for 16 weeks then subjected to forced swimming at 10 degrees c, 15 de ... | 2009 | 19570061 |
| aquatic ecotoxicity of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride in a battery of freshwater test species. | sertraline hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) widely prescribed to patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. pharmaceutical products such as sertraline have been identified in environmental waters. this study describes the evaluation of sertraline using a battery of freshwater species representing four trophic levels. the species most sensitive to sertraline were daphnia magna 21 d reproduction test, pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h growth inhibition, and o ... | 2009 | 18571724 |
| acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (apfo) to freshwater organisms. | recent concerns have been raised concerning the widespread distribution of perfluorinated compounds in environmental matrices and biota. the compounds of interest include ammonium perfluorooctanoate (apfo, the ammonium salt of perfluorooctanoic acid, pfoa). apfo is used primarily as a processing aid in the production of fluoropolymers and fluoroelastomers. the environmental presence of perfluorooctanoate (pfo(-), the anion of apfo) and its entry into the environment as apfo make quality aquatic ... | 2008 | 18538392 |
| comparison of species sensitivity distributions derived from interspecies correlation models to distributions used to derive water quality criteria. | species sensitivity distributions (ssd) require a large number of measured toxicity values to define a hazard level protective of multiple species. this investigation comprehensively evaluated the accuracy of ssds generated from toxicity values predicted from interspecies correlation estimation (ice) models. ice models are log-log correlations of multiple chemical toxicity values for a pair of species that allow the toxicity of multiple species to be predicted from a single measured acute toxici ... | 2008 | 18497169 |
| toxicity and metal speciation in acid mine drainage treated by passive bioreactors. | sulfate-reducing passive bioreactors treat acid mine drainage (amd) by increasing its ph and alkalinity and by removing metals as metal sulfide precipitates. in addition to discharge limits based on physicochemical parameters, however, treated effluent is required to be nontoxic. acute and sublethal toxicity was assessed for effluent from 3.5-l column bioreactors filled with mixtures of natural organic carbon sources and operated at different hydraulic retention times (hrts) for the treatment of ... | 2008 | 18290688 |
| effects of medetomidine on hepatic erod activity in three species of fish. | medetomidine, an antifouling candidate, was investigated for its effects on cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) activity in fish. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (psetta maxima), and atlantic cod (gadus morhua) were exposed to medetomidine either via i.p. injection (<5 micromol (1mg)/kg) or via water (<50 nm). enzyme activity was measured as ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in liver microsomes. there was a small (2-7-fold) increase in erod activity in rainbow trout. in turbot, erod ... | 2008 | 17588660 |
| a comparative analysis of putative oxygen-sensing cells in the fish gill. | we investigated the distribution of serotonin (5-ht)-containing neuroepithelial cells (necs), the putative o(2) sensing cells, in the gills of four species of fish: trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), goldfish (carassius auratus), trairão (hoplias lacerdae) and traira (hoplias malabaricus) using immunohistochemical markers for 5-ht, synaptic vesicles and neural innervation. we found that all fish had a cluster of innervated, serotonergic necs at the filament tips, but there were species-specific distri ... | 2008 | 18375847 |
| membrane transformations in degenerating rodlet cells in fishes of two teleostean families (salmonidae, cyprinidae). | rodlet cells (rcs) of teleosts are identified by their fibrillar capsule and peculiar inclusions, the rodlets, consisting of a club-like sac and a central dense core. former ultrastructural studies showing signs of hypertrophy of endoplasmic reticulum (er) were followed up in salmonids (oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo trutta l.) and compared with cyprinids (cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., alburnus alburnus). focusing on membrane transformations, unusual undulations of the membranes of rodle ... | 2008 | 18951513 |
| biomechanics of a convergently derived prey-processing mechanism in fishes: evidence from comparative tongue bite apparatus morphology and raking kinematics. | a tongue-bite apparatus (tba) governs raking behaviors in two major and unrelated teleost lineages, the osteoglossomorph and salmoniform fishes. we present data on comparative morphology and kinematics from two representative species, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the australian arowana (scleropages jardinii), which suggest that both the tba and raking are convergently derived in these lineages. similar tba morphologies were present, except for differences in tba dentition and shap ... | 2008 | 18931311 |
| immunohistochemical localization of constitutive and inducible heat shock protein 70 in carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress. | in the present work we investigated by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of constitutive as well as inducible heat shock protein 70 in several tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress.in carp, the constitutive form (hsc70) was detected only in red skeletal muscle of both control and stressed animals. in the same species, the inducible form (hsp70) was evident in the epithelia of renal tubules,gills and skin of stres ... | 2008 | 18840560 |
| novel candidate genes identified in the brain during nociception in common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | recent studies have demonstrated that teleost fish possess nociceptors that detect potentially painful stimuli and that the physiological properties of these fibres are markedly similar to those found in mammals. this finding led to suggestions of possible pain perception in fish, contrary to the view that the sensory response in these animals is limited to the spinal cord and hindbrain and as such is reflexive. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the brain is active at the mole ... | 2008 | 18440145 |
| in vitro biotransformation of surfactants in fish. part i: linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (c12-las) and alcohol ethoxylate (c13eo8). | developing regulatory activities (e.g., reach, [dgee. 2003. directorates general enterprise and environment. the new eu chemicals legislation reach. dg enterprise, brussels, belgium. (http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/reach/index_en.htm)]) will require bioaccumulation to be assessed for thousands of chemicals. further, there is increasing pressure to reduce, refine or replace animal tests. given this scenario, there is an urgent need to evaluate the feasibility of in vitro systems to supp ... | 2008 | 18407314 |
| differential survival of ichthyophonus isolates indicates parasite adaptation to its host environment. | in vitro viability of ichthyophonus spp. spores in seawater and freshwater corresponded with the water type of the host from which the spores were isolated. among ichthyophonus spp. spores from both marine and freshwater fish hosts (pacific herring, clupea pallasii, and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, respectively), viability was significantly greater (p < 0.05) after incubation in seawater than in freshwater at all time points from 1 to 60 min after immersion; however, magnitude of the spor ... | 2008 | 18576846 |
| the inflammatory response of fish to helminth parasites. | fish serve as a good model for studying vertebrate immune systems because they have a relatively simple system. descriptions of histopathological effects of helminth parasites on fish are few and far between with limited observations made on the identification of the inflammatory cells involved in the host reaction. recently, two cell types found within teleosts received a great deal of attention, namely mast cells and rodlet cells. fish most cells also known as eosinophilic granule cells, are m ... | 2008 | 18814717 |
| effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked atlantic salmon. | we investigated the feasibility of enhancing the reproduction of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss and landlocked atlantic salmon salmo salar in lakes where the consumption of alewives alosa pseudoharengus and other forage fishes containing thiaminase can cause them to become thiamine deficient and thereby reduce the survival of their fry. we evaluated feeding fingerling steelhead excess thiamine hydrochloride (thc1) for 1 or 2 weeks or equimolar amounts of thiamine mononitrate, thiamine-tetrahydrof ... | 2008 | 18536500 |
| production of recombinant leptin and its effects on food intake in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | leptin is a key factor for the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in mammals, but information regarding its role in teleosts is still limited. there are large differences between mammalian and teleost leptin at both gene and protein levels, and in order to characterize the function of leptin in fish, preparation of species-specific leptin is therefore a key step. in this study, full-length cdna coding for rainbow trout leptin was identified. in spite of low amino acid sequence simi ... | 2008 | 18539064 |
| aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17{alpha}-ethynylestradiol. | environmental contaminants that mimic native estrogens (i.e., environmental estrogens) are known to significantly impact a wide range of vertebrate species and have been implicated as a source for increasing human male reproductive deficiencies and diseases. despite the widespread occurrence of environmental estrogens and recognized detrimental effects on male vertebrate reproduction, no specific mechanism has been determined indicating how reduced fertility and/or fecundity is achieved. previou ... | 2008 | 19066213 |
| changes induced by dietary energy intake and divergent selection for muscle fat content in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), assessed by transcriptome and proteome analysis of the liver. | growing interest is turned to fat storage levels and allocation within body compartments, due to their impact on human health and quality properties of farm animals. energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of fattening in most animals, including humans. previous studies have evidenced that fat deposition depends upon balance between various metabolic pathways. using divergent selection, we obtained rainbow trout with differences in fat allocation between visceral adipose tiss ... | 2008 | 18959775 |
| detection and genotyping of an infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from asymptomatic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) facilities in mexico. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) is a birnavirus that causes a lethal disease in both hatchery-reared juvenile salmonids and other non-salmonid fishes. ipnv has been classified into seven genogroups based on the analysis of the vp2/ns junction region of the viral a rna segment. | 2008 | 18987484 |
| potential for dissemination of the nonnative salmonid parasite myxobolus cerebralis in alaska. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite responsible for whirling disease in salmonids, was first introduced into the united states in 1958 and has since spread across the country, causing severe declines in wild trout populations in the intermountain western united states. the recent detection of the parasite in alaska is further evidence of the species' capability to invade and colonize new habitat. this study qualitatively assesses the risk of further spread and establishment of m. cerebra ... | 2008 | 18942590 |
| in silico identification and molecular characterization of genes predominantly expressed in the fish oocyte. | in fish, molecular mechanisms that control follicle-enclosed oocyte progression throughout oogenesis and oocyte developmental competence acquisition remain poorly understood. existing data in mammals have indicated that the so called "oocyte-specific" genes play an important role in oogenesis, fertilization, and early embryo development. in teleost species, very little is known about "oocyte-specific" genes. the present study therefore aimed at identifying and characterizing oocyte-specific gene ... | 2008 | 18947432 |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from ontario salmonids with bacterial coldwater disease. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. bcwd has a considerable economic impact on aquaculture operations in ontario, canada, and our limited understanding of the population structure and epidemiology of f. psychrophilum isolates is an impediment to the development of improved management strategies. seventy-five 16s rrna gene and gyr polymerase chain reaction positive isolates of f. psychrophilum that had been coll ... | 2008 | 18772924 |
| surveillance of health status on eight marine rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), farms in denmark in 2006. | the health status of eight marine rainbow trout farms was followed from mid-june to mid-september 2006 by sampling both dead and healthy fish approximately every 2 weeks for bacteriological and virological investigation. no fish pathogenic viruses were detected, but all farms experienced disease and mortality as a result of various bacterial infections. yersinia ruckeri was found on four and renibacterium salmoninarum on five of the farms, but only during the first part of the surveillance perio ... | 2008 | 18786028 |
| emergence of novel streptococcus iniae exopolysaccharide-producing strains following vaccination with nonproducing strains. | streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal disease among fish species living in very diverse environments. recently, reoccurrences of disease outbreaks were recorded in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) farms where the entire fish population was routinely vaccinated. new strains are distinguished from previous strains by their ability to produce large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide that is released into the medium. present findings indicate that the extr ... | 2008 | 18806000 |
| immune-relevant genes expressed in rainbow trout following immunisation with a live vaccine against ichthyophthirius multifiliis. | rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were immunised by intra-peritoneal injection using a live vaccine based on ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) theronts, which previously has shown protection against white spot disease. samples were taken pre-vaccination and on day 1, 7, 21 and 28 post-immunisation (p.i.). expression of immune relevant genes in the liver, spleen and head kidney was monitored by qpcr. to describe the immune reaction following this immunisation, a series of genes encoding cytokine ... | 2008 | 18814544 |
| semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: part 1 - induction of cyp1a in rainbow trout from contaminants in prince william sound, alaska. | extracts from semi-permeable membrane devices (spmds) deployed on beaches in prince william sound (pws), alaska, were used to evaluate if complex contaminant mixtures from different sources can be distinguished by the resulting cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) activity in exposed test animals. deployment sites included canneries, salmon hatcheries, and beaches where lingering oil remains from discharges during the 1964 earthquake or the 1989 exxon valdez oil spill. other sites were selected at random ... | 2008 | 18845333 |
| selenium and mercury in native and introduced fish species of patagonian lakes, argentina. | a survey of mercury (hg) and selenium (se) contents was performed in fish collected from lakes located in two national parks of the northern patagonian andean range. two native species, catfish (diplomystes viedmensis) and creole perch (percichthys trucha), and three introduced species, brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), were caught from lakes nahuel huapi, moreno, traful, espejo chico, and guillelmo belonging to nahuel huapi ... | 2008 | 18214390 |
| an investigation into the prevalence of renibacterium salmoninarum in farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and wild fish populations in selected river catchments in england and wales between 1998 and 2000. | a cross-sectional survey of renibacterium salmoninarum infection in farmed rainbow trout (rbt) and wild fish populations was carried out in 10 farms and six river catchments, respectively, in england and wales. the majority of the wild fish were sampled in 1998 and the farmed fish in 2000. grayling, thymallus thymallus, and brown trout, salmo trutta, were the main wild species sampled. two fish, one grayling and one salmon, salmo salar, were r. salmoninarum culture-positive, compared with 40 con ... | 2008 | 18234016 |
| the involvement of aeromonas salmonicida virulence factors in bacterial translocation across the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), intestine. | the pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a lethal disease in salmonids. the mode of lateral transmission has not been conclusively defined, but a. salmonicida is able to translocate across the intestinal epithelium of salmonids, making the intestinal route a probable candidate. this study investigated some of the virulence mechanisms used by the bacteria to promote translocation. intestinal segments were placed in modified ussing chambers to investig ... | 2008 | 18234022 |
| oxidative stress in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to sewage treatment plant effluent. | effluents from sewage treatment plants (stps) can be regarded as "hot spots" of discharge releasing large amounts of chemicals into the aquatic environment. many of these compounds are toxic to organisms due to their ability to form reactive oxygen species (ros) and cause oxidative stress. in order to investigate if stp effluents contain compounds that may cause oxidative stress, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to effluent from a swedish stp at different dilutions in a flow-thro ... | 2008 | 18234334 |
| proteomic analysis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) serum after administration of probiotics in diets. | the response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) towards probiotics present in the feed was investigated by examining the proteome of serum as a measure of the acute phase response (apr). proteomic analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d) concurrently with mass spectrometry was used to detect apr related proteins in rainbow trout serum following feeding with probiotics aeromonas sobria gc2 and bacillus sp. jb-1. three candidate proteins increased following use of gc2, and wer ... | 2008 | 17981340 |
| the vitronectin gene in rainbow trout: cloning, expression and phylogenetic analysis. | vitronectin is a major cell adhesion glycoprotein that is found in plasma and the extracellular matrix. vitronectin consists of an n-terminal somatomedin b domain and two hemopexin-like domains and controls functions including cell adhesion, migration, haemostasis and immune defence. in order to study the molecular evolution of the complement lytic pathway regulation, we have cloned and characterized the vitronectin gene from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the deduced amino acid sequence o ... | 2008 | 17981477 |
| detection and quantitation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using lethal and non-lethal tissue sampling. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) is a bisegmented double-stranded rna virus belonging to the family birnaviridae, genus aquabirnavirus, which is a major viral pathogen of salmonid fish. the virus infects wild and cultured salmonids, causing high mortality in juvenile trout and salmon. a highly sensitive and specific real-time rt-pcr assay using the fluorogenic dye sybr((r)) green i was developed for the detection and quantitation of ipnv in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). rainbow ... | 2008 | 17996958 |
| in vivo modulation of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immune response by the human alpha defensin 1, hnp1. | recent studies have demonstrated that the synthetic human defensin-alpha1, also designated as human neutrophil peptide 1 (hnp1), not only has in vitro antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), a fish rhabdovirus, but can also modulate some immune activities of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney leucocytes. however, none of these hnp1 properties have been analysed in vivo so far. thus, in the current work, we have studied the in vivo immunomodulatory capac ... | 2008 | 18023592 |
| detection and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by sybr green real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay using the fluorogenic dye sybr green i was developed for the detection and quantification of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) infecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using primers designed for the ihnv nucleocapsid (n) and surface glycoprotein (g) genes, virus was detected in liver, kidney, spleen, adipose tissue, and pectoral fin samples from fish challenged in the laboratory via either injection or immersion ... | 2008 | 17945355 |
| development of an oral vaccine for immunisation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia. | in the european union viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) eradication is still based on stamping out. due to the lack of effective low cost vaccines immune prophylaxis is currently not used to combat vhs. this paper describes a new oral delivery method for immunisation of trout with attenuated virus. the vaccine consists of lyophilised virus surrounded by polyethylene glycol (peg) and was extruded under low temperature. in the stomach of trout, the use of additional neutralising and adsorbing b ... | 2008 | 18191880 |
| bath vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) against yersinia ruckeri: effects of temperature on protection and gene expression. | protection of rainbow trout fry following bath vaccination with a bacterin of y. ruckeri o1, the bacterial pathogen causing enteric red mouth disease (erm), was investigated at 5, 15 and 25 degrees c. rainbow trout fry were acclimatised for 8 weeks at the three temperatures before vaccination. they were subsequently challenged with y. ruckeri 4 and 8 weeks post-vaccination which demonstrated a significant protection of vaccinated fish kept at 15 degrees c. no protective effect of vaccination in ... | 2008 | 18237828 |
| suggestive association of major histocompatibility ib genetic markers with resistance to bacterial cold water disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | genes within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are important for both innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals; however, much less is known regarding their contribution in teleost fishes. we examined the involvement of four major histocompatibility (mh) genomic regions in rainbow trout in resistance to the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), flavobacterium psychrophilum. fish from the 2005 ncccwa brood-year (71 full-sib families) were challenged with f. psychro ... | 2008 | 18274824 |
| heads or tails? stressor-specific expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin i in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout. | corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)- and urotensin i (ui)-expressing cells of the preoptic area (poa) and caudal neurosecretory system (cnss) are considered key contributors to the regulation of the stress response in fish; however, the expression pattern of these neurons to environmental and social challenges have not been compared in a single study. therefore, we characterized in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) the central distribution of crf and ui expression and quantified the poa and c ... | 2008 | 18310459 |
| cross-species comparison of conazole fungicide metabolites using rat and rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatic microsomes and purified human cyp 3a4. | ecological risk assessment frequently relies on cross-species extrapolation to predict acute toxicity from chemical exposures. a major concern for environmental risk characterization is the degree of uncertainty in assessing xenobiotic biotransformation processes. although inherently complex, metabolite identification is critical to risk assessment since the product(s) formed may pose a greater toxicological threat than the parent molecule. this issue is further complicated by differences observ ... | 2008 | 18323127 |
| study of the viral interference between infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to an infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) challenge following a preceding non-lethal infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) was investigated through experimental dual infections. trout initially infected with ipnv were inoculated 14 days later with ihnv. single infections of trout with 1 of the 2 viruses or with cell culture supernatant were also carried out and constituted control groups. no mortality was note ... | 2008 | 18329899 |
| effects of dexamethasone on host innate and adaptive immune responses and parasite development in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss infected with loma salmonae. | the effects of dexamethasone (dex) treatment on infections with the microsporidian parasite, loma salmonae and the effects of dex on initiation of the adaptive immune response were investigated in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss experimentally infected with the parasite. dex treatment resulted in significantly higher infections with the parasite in the gills and other internal organs, suggesting that dex inhibits aspects of the innate immune response to l. salmonae; the heavier infections in ... | 2008 | 18359641 |
| osmotic regulation of a novel flavin-containing monooxygenase in primary cultured cells from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a cdna encoding a hepatic isoform of flavin-containing monooxygenase (hfmo) (ef063736) containing an open reading frame of 1792 base pairs (bp) and encoding 554 amino acids was cloned and sequenced from liver mrna of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the genomic sequence of hfmo was also characterized and was 4.379 kilobases, possessing 10 exons and 9 introns (eu519462). structural analysis of the promoter region showed several cis-acting elements including putative glucocorticoid and osmoreg ... | 2008 | 18372402 |
| a new species of myxozoan (myxosporea) from the brain and spinal cord of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from idaho. | a new species of myxosporea, myxobolus neurotropus n. sp., is described from the brain and spinal cord of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from duncan creek, owyhee county, idaho. spores are oval, have 2 pyriform polar capsules, and possess a thick spore wall (sutural rim) with a short intracapsular offshoot. the mean spore dimensions are length 11.8 microm, width 10.8 microm, and thickness 8.8 microm. this myxozoan is compared to other described myxobolus species found in cranial tissues of ... | 2008 | 18372644 |
| effects of ergosan on the expression of cytokine genes in the liver of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to enteric red mouth vaccine. | the effects of administration of the immunomodulator ergosan, an algal extract containing alginic acid, in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to aquavac vaccination, were tested. juveniles treated with ergosan, 95 days after the beginning of first solid feeding and control fish fed solely on commercial diet, were vaccinated by immersion in aquavac solution. the time-course of the effects of vaccination on liver immunorelated gene modulation and on the tolerance to stress manipu ... | 2008 | 18378002 |
| cloning and mrna expression analysis of an abcg2 (bcrp) efflux transporter in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and primary hepatocytes. | as has been recently demonstrated in mammals, apart from the p-glycoprotein (pgp, abcb) and the mrp-like proteins (mrps, abcc), another efflux transporter - the bcrp (abcg2) - expressed in polarized epithelial cells of different tissues, is involved in regulation of intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of potentially toxic xenobiotics. however, no study has been directed towards identification of bcrp (abcg2) in fish species. in the present study we have cloned the full abcg2 transcript f ... | 2008 | 18381223 |
| carrier-mediated urea transport across the mitochondrial membrane of an elasmobranch (raja erinacea) and a teleost (oncorhynchus mykiss) fish. | in osmoregulating teleost fish, urea is a minor nitrogen excretory product, whereas in osmoconforming marine elasmobranchs it serves as the major tissue organic solute and is retained at relatively high concentrations ( approximately 400 mmol/l). we tested the hypothesis that urea transport across liver mitochondria is carrier mediated in both teleost and elasmobranch fishes. intact liver mitochondria in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) demonstrated two components of urea uptake, a linear com ... | 2008 | 18385468 |
| evaluation of bioavailable hydrocarbon sources and their induction potential in prince william sound, alaska. | to realistically evaluate the consequences of exposure to a complex mixture, we modified a passive sampler technology, the semipermeable membrane device (spmd), which absorbs the bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds present in an environment. these samplers were deployed in prince william sound (pws), alaska, at locations selected as potential sites of hydrocarbon deposition, as well as in random sites for regional assessment. some of these sites were affected by previous human activity, s ... | 2008 | 18403008 |
| cloning, binding properties, and tissue localization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ladderlectin. | the present paper describes the primary structure, expression and immunohistochemical localization of rainbow trout ladderlectin (rtll), a multimeric serum lectin that binds sepharose and lps of aeromonas salmonicida. two rainbow trout cdnas (504 and 546bp) and a genomic sequence (2kb) were amplified using ladderlectin-specific primers. the sequences were identified as group vii mannose-binding c-type lectins from predicted amino acid sequences and showed highest identity with the atlantic salmo ... | 2008 | 18407519 |
| [aquaporins in gametogenesis of vertebrate animals]. | a review of the data on the presence, localization, and supposed role of aquaporin water channels in oocytes of xenopus laevis, oogenesis and maturation of teleosts sparus auratus and oncorhynchus mykiss, oogenesis and oocyte maturation of rats and mice, and spermatogenesis of several mammalians. | 2008 | 18409379 |
| efficacy of in-feed probiotics against aeromonas bestiarum and ichthyophthirius multifiliis skin infections in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum). | the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of in-feed probiotics as a preventive measure against skin infections caused by aeromonas bestiarum and ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in rainbow trout. | 2008 | 18422955 |
| contaminant levels in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and their diets from missouri coldwater hatcheries. | organochlorine and metal contaminants often occur in commercial fish diets and can accumulate in fish to levels of concern for human consumption. contaminant levels were investigated in diet and rainbow trout fillets from missouri coldwater hatcheries used in "put and take" fisheries. the average fillet:diet ratio was <0.1 for lead and cadmium, 0.4-0.6 for organochlorine compounds, and about 0.8 for mercury. trout fillet concentrations for all contaminants were low (<50 ng/g) and below missouri' ... | 2008 | 18425399 |
| demonstrating freedom from gyrodactylus salaris (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | this paper describes an approach to demonstrate freedom of individual rainbow trout farms from gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957. the infection status of individual farms is relevant should g. salaris be introduced into a country or zone previously known to be free of the parasite. trade from farms where g. salaris may have been introduced would be restricted until freedom had been demonstrated. cage, fish and parasite sample sizes were calculated based on the minimum detectable prevalence (p* ... | 2008 | 18429441 |
| hemagglutinating activity of serovar reference strains of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. | in the present study, the hemagglutinating activity of 9 reference strains (serovars a-i) of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was investigated by using fresh erythrocytes from 15 different species: chicken (broiler, rooster, hen), turkey, pigeon, quail, duck, harris hawk (parabuteo unicinctus), house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), cow, sheep, horse, dog, rabbit, pig, human (groups a, b, ab, and o), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). all 9 strains agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. none of the ... | 2008 | 18460626 |
| innate immunomodulation with recombinant interferon-alpha enhances resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | we examined the in vivo immunostimulatory effects of a recombinant atlantic salmon (salmo salar) interferon-alpha2 (rsasaifn-alpha2). the mature rsasaifn-alpha2, expressed and purified from escherichia coli, was administered to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) via the oral, immersion, or intraperitoneal (ip) injection route. injection of rsasaifn-alpha2 at 0.1microg/g fish gave significantly greater protection than a phosphate buffered saline (pbs) injection against a lethal challenge of infe ... | 2008 | 18466972 |
| subcellular components of vibrio harveyi and probiotics induce immune responses in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against v. harveyi. | bacterial subcellular components and probiotics were successful for the stimulation of immunity and the prevention of vibrio harveyi infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). rainbow trout were immunized with whole inactivated cells of v. harveyi to obtain polyclonal antibodies against specific antigens. western blotting showed a unique reactive band (approximately 93 kda) between serum and bacterial proteins from outer membrane proteins (omp) and extracellular products (ecp). ... | 2008 | 18482381 |
| the a/b domain of the teleost glucocorticoid receptors influences partial nuclear localization in the absence of hormone. | the glucocorticoid (gr) and mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) of extant jawed vertebrates emerged after duplication of an ancestral corticosteroid receptor. the ancestral corticosteroid receptor resembled extant mrs in hormone selectivity, and the different ligand specificity of extant grs is a secondary derived characteristic. an additional characteristic that distinguishes the mammalian gr from the mr is the cellular distribution pattern in the absence of hormone: the naïve gr resides in the cyt ... | 2008 | 18483153 |
| a soluble nonglycosylated recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) g-protein induces ifns in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | viral glycoproteins interact with cell-surface receptors to mediate virus entry and innate immune system activation. we found that a soluble recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus g-protein (rihnv-g) stimulated an early innate immune response mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, ifn1 and ifn-gamma in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. expression of both ifn1 and ifn-gamma mrna transcripts was an early event and was rihnv-g dose-dependent. in addition, preliminary evidence re ... | 2008 | 18499475 |
| transmission of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa: malacosporea) to fredericella sultana (bryozoa: phylactolaemata) by various fish species. | tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite of salmonids and freshwater bryozoans, which causes proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in the fish host. to test which fish species are able to transmit t. bryosalmonae to bryozoans, an infection experiment was conducted with 5 pkd-sensitive fish species from different genera. rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta, brook trout salvelinus fontinalis, grayling thymallus thymallus and northern pike esox lucius were cohabitat ... | 2008 | 18500029 |
| identification, cloning and tissue localization of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) intelectin-like protein that binds bacteria and chitin. | intelectins are a recently identified group of animal lectins involved in innate immune surveillance. this paper describes the primary structure, expression and immunohistochemical localization of a rainbow trout plasma intelectin (rtint). rtint exhibited calcium-dependent binding to n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and mannose conjugated toyopearl amino 650 m matrices. when glcnac eluates from chromatography matrices were analyzed by reducing 1d page and western blots, the lectin appeared as approx ... | 2008 | 18502147 |
| tollip, a negative regulator of tlr-signalling, is encoded by twin genes in salmonid fish. | the factor tollip is known to dampen tlr2- and tlr4-mediated signalling in mammals. no negative regulator of the piscine tlr-signalling cascade has been described so far, albeit a sizable collection of factors contributing to this ancient pathogen-sensing system are known from fish to date. we identified two closely related tollip-encoding genes in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and the respective ortholog mrna molecules in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the salmonid tollip genes are segmen ... | 2008 | 18502148 |
| analysis of the flavobacterium psychrophilum outer-membrane subproteome and identification of new antigenic targets for vaccine by immunomics. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is an important infectious gram-negative bacterium causing cold-water disease (cwd) and rainbow trout fry syndrome. outer-membrane proteins (omps) are key molecules with regard to the interface between the cell and its environment. therefore, we sought to define the outer-membrane (om) subproteome of f. psychrophilum in order to gain insight into the biology and pathogenesis of this bacterium and to identify the dominant antigens targeted by the rainbow trout (oncorh ... | 2008 | 18524934 |
| angler numerical response across landscapes and the collapse of freshwater fisheries. | recreational angling opportunities in lakes are distributed across landscapes and attract anglers based on the combination of angling quality, travel distance, and availability of facilities. the relationship between angler density and fishing quality, as measured by catch rate, represents a numerical response that is analogous to a predator numerical response to variability in prey abundance. we quantified this numerical response of anglers to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, populations dis ... | 2008 | 18536261 |
| purification and some kinetic properties of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and metal inhibition. | in the present study, carbonic anhydrase (ca) enzyme was purified from rainbow trout (rt) liver with a specific activity of 4318 euxmg(-1) and a yield of 38% using sepharose-4b-l tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. the overall purification was approximately 2260-fold. to check the purity and determine subunit molecular weight of enzyme, sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, which showed a single band and mw of approx. 29.4 kda. the molecular weight of native enzym ... | 2008 | 18537745 |
| xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): determination of trout hepatocellularity, optimization of cell concentrations and comparison of serum and serum-free incubations. | metabolism plays an important role in bioaccumulation of xenobiotics in fish. in vitro determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance (clint) in trout hepatocytes and subsequent extrapolation to in vivo hepatic clearance (clh) using the "well-stirred" liver model greatly improved our current practice of bioaccumulation assessment [han, x., nabb, d.l., mingoia, r.t., yang, c.h., 2007. determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus ... | 2008 | 18599132 |
| the partial pressure of oxygen affects biomarkers of oxidative stress in cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | oxidative stress, the imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and the cellular detoxification of these reactive compounds, is believed to be involved in the pathology of various diseases. several biomarkers for oxidative stress have been proposed to serve as tools in toxicological and ecotoxicological research. not only may exposure to various pro-oxidants create conditions of cellular oxidative stress, but hyperoxic conditions may also increase the production of reactive oxygen ... | 2008 | 18603400 |
| insulin regulates the expression of several metabolism-related genes in the liver and primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout have a limited ability to use dietary carbohydrates efficiently and are considered to be glucose intolerant. administration of carbohydrates results in persistent hyperglycemia and impairs post-prandial down regulation of gluconeogenesis despite normal insulin secretion. since gluconeogenic genes are mainly under insulin control, we put forward the hypothesis that the transcriptional function of insulin as a whole may be impaired in the trout liver. in order to test this hypothesis ... | 2008 | 18626086 |
| three isoforms of complement properdin factor p in trout: cloning, expression, gene organization and constrained modeling. | properdin is a plasma glycoprotein and the only known naturally occurring positive regulator of the complement system, stabilizing the alternative pathway convertase (c3bbb). in order to elucidate the molecular evolution of properdin factor p (pfc), here we report the cloning and characterization of three gene isoforms of properdin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the predicted polypeptide sequences of trout properdins pfc1, pfc2 and pfc3 (447, 449 and 447 amino acids, respectively) share ... | 2008 | 18638502 |
| regulation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-8 receptor (il-8r) gene transcription in response to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), dna vaccination and chemokines. | an interleukin-8 receptor (il-8r)-like sequence has been previously reported in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss); however, no further studies to confirm its biological activity or regulation of expression have been performed. in this report, we have studied the regulation of the transcription of this receptor in response to different stimuli both in vivo and in vitro. we found that in response to a viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infection, the levels of expression of il-8r are supp ... | 2008 | 18657446 |
| antioxidative role of selenium against the toxic effect of heavy metals (cd+2, cr+3) on liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum 1792). | the main purpose of this study is to discuss the effect of cd+2, cr+3 and se metals on biochemical parameters in liver tissue of oncorhynchus mykiss. the rainbow trout were exposed to heavy metal stress (cd+2, cr+3) at 2 ppm dosage. the present study was undertaken to determine the protective effect of selenium treatment at the same dosage (2 ppm) on some biochemical parameters. the activity of catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), superoxide dismutase (sod) and the changes in levels ... | 2008 | 18665459 |
| estimating naphthenic acids concentrations in laboratory-exposed fish and in fish from the wild. | naphthenic acids (nas) are the most water-soluble organic components found in the athabasca oil sands in alberta, canada, and these acids are released into aqueous tailing waters as a result of bitumen extraction. although the toxicity of nas to fish is well known, there has been no method available to estimate nas concentrations in fish. this paper describes a newly developed analytical method using single ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) to measure nas in fish, down ... | 2008 | 18667226 |
| contribution of food deprivation to the immune response in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vaccinated against cryptobia salmositica and aeromonas salmonicida. | the aims of the present study were to determine (a) the effectiveness of an attenuated live cryptobia salmositica vaccine; (b) the effects of food deprivation on the immune response and its duration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunised with a live c. salmositica vaccine or with a killed aeromonas salmonicida vaccine. the fish were divided into three groups (i, ii and iii; 14 fish per group), those in groups i and ii were under food deprivation (0.40% of body weight), while group iii ... | 2008 | 18669247 |
| the first report of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in the united kingdom. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (vhs) was diagnosed in rainbow trout in the uk in may 2006. vhs virus (vhsv) was isolated from fingerlings showing typical histopathological lesions at a single rainbow trout farm site experiencing high mortality. the virus was confirmed as vhsv by serological and molecular biological tests. phylogenetic analysis based on the complete glycoprotein gene sequence revealed that the isolate was closely related (99% nucleotide identity) to several danish isolates from 1 ... | 2008 | 18681899 |
| genetic diversity of flavobacterium psychrophilum recovered from commercially raised rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), and spawning coho salmon, o. kisutch (walbaum). | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold water disease. this study examined the genetic diversity of f. psychrophilum isolates retrieved from multiple epizootics at rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, rearing facilities and from spawning coho salmon, o. kisutch. a total of 139 isolates were confirmed as f. psychrophilum by pcr assay and were further typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). multiple epizootics at three pro ... | 2008 | 18681900 |
| phylogenetic analyses and molecular epidemiology of european salmonid alphaviruses (sav) based on partial e2 and nsp3 gene nucleotide sequences. | sequence data were generated for portions of the e2 and nsp3 genes of 48 salmonid alphaviruses from farmed atlantic salmon (as), salmo salar l., and rainbow trout (rt), oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), in marine and freshwater environments, respectively, from the republic of ireland, northern ireland, england, scotland, norway, france, italy and spain between 1991 and 2007. based on these sequences, and those of six previously published reference strains, phylogenetic trees were constructed using ... | 2008 | 18681902 |
| in vivo virus growth competition assays demonstrate equal fitness of fish rhabdovirus strains that co-circulate in aquaculture. | a novel virus growth competition assay for determining relative fitness of rna virus variants in vivo has been developed using the fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). we have conducted assays with ihnv isolates designated b, c, and d, representing the three most common genetic subtypes that co-circulate in idaho trout farm aquaculture. in each assay, groups of 30 fish were immersed in a 1:1 mixture of two genotypes of ... | 2008 | 18703096 |
| development of adaptive immunity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) surviving an infection with yersinia ruckeri. | development of adaptive immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) surviving a primary infection with 5x10(5)cfu yersinia ruckeri o1 (ld(50) dose) was investigated by transcriptome analysis of spleen tissue. these fish surviving a primary infection showed also a significantly increased survival following a secondary infection (same dose) when compared to naïve trout. the weight of the rainbow trout spleen doubled during the first 14 days of the primary infection but the affected organs subs ... | 2008 | 18706505 |
| isolation of rifampicin resistant flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. | previous studies have demonstrated that passage of pathogenic bacteria on increasing concentrations of the antibiotic rifampicin leads to the attenuation of virulence and these resistant strains may serve as live attenuated vaccines. two rifampicin resistant strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum, 259-93a.16 and 259-93b.17, were generated by passage on tyes plates containing increasing concentrations of rifampicin. electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell lysates prepared from the parent and resi ... | 2008 | 18708112 |
| recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis viruses induce protection for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) are rhabdoviruses that infect salmonids, producing serious economic losses. two recombinant ihn viruses were generated by reverse genetics. for one (rihnv gfp) the ihnv nv gene was replaced with the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene. in the other (rihnv-gvhsv gfp) the g gene was also exchanged for that of vhsv. no mortalities, external signs or histological lesions were observed in experimental infec ... | 2008 | 18717065 |
| development of a sensitive and controlled real-time rt-pcr assay for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in marine salmonid aquaculture. | a survey was undertaken to determine the potential distribution of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in marine cage-based salmonid farms in scotland. a rapid, accurate and sensitive quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay was developed, targeting a conserved region of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of the virus. the qrt-pcr assay was shown to be more sensitive than the conventional vhsv rt-pcr. a validation protocol included several different virus isolates as the target and confirme ... | 2008 | 18717066 |
| effect of starvation on transcriptomes of brain and liver in adult female zebrafish (danio rerio). | we used microarray and quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analyses in adult female zebrafish (danio rerio) to identify metabolic pathways regulated by starvation in the liver and brain. the transcriptome of whole zebrafish brain showed little response to 21 days of starvation. only agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1) significantly responded, with increased expression in brains of starved fish. in contrast, a 21-day period of starvation significantly downregulated 466 and upregulated 108 transcrip ... | 2008 | 18728227 |
| inactivated infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) vaccines. | the inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) by b-propiolactone (bpl), binary ethylenimine (bei), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. chemical treatment of ihnv with 2.7 mm bpl, 1.5 mm bei or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees c rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. the inactivated ihnv vaccines were recognized by rain ... | 2008 | 18752542 |
| immunization of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with a low molecular mass fraction isolated from flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome has become a widespread fish pathogen in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. in this study, a low molecular mass fraction (p25-33), with an approximate weight of 25-33 kda, was identified among f. psychrophilum strains in an immunoblotting analysis with anti-f. psychrophilum sera. the immunogenic efficacy of the isolated and extracted p25-33 was investigated in two intraperitoneal immunization trials with rainbow trout ... | 2008 | 18752545 |
| differences in virulence of marine and freshwater isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in vivo correlate with in vitro ability to infect gill epithelial cells and macrophages of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two strains of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) with known different virulence characteristics in vivo were studied (by a time course approach) for their abilities to infect and translocate across a primary culture of gill epithelial cells (gec) of rainbow trout (rbt; oncorhynchus mykiss). the strains included one low-virulence marine vhsv (ma-vhsv) strain, ma-1p8, and a highly pathogenic freshwater vhsv (fw-vhsv) strain, fw-dk-3592b. infectivities toward trout head kidney macrophages w ... | 2008 | 18753199 |
| protection of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from lactococcosis by probiotic bacteria. | we analysed the effect of probiotic supplementation on the control of lactococcosis in rainbow trout. probiotic strains leuconostoc mesenteroides clfp 196 and lactobacillus plantarum clfp 238 were administered orally to fish for 30 days at 10(7) cfu g(-1) feed. thirty days after the start of the probiotic feeding, fish were challenged with lactococcus garvieae. probiotic supplementation reduced fish mortality significantly, from 78% in the control group to 46-54% in the probiotic groups. | 2008 | 17532470 |
| expression and antiviral activity of a beta-defensin-like peptide identified in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) est sequences. | the in silico identification of a beta-defensin-like peptide sequence (ombd-1) in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchuss mykiss) database of salmonid est is reported here. we have studied the transcript expression of this beta-defensin-like sequence in different organs and expressed the recombinant peptide in a fish cell line. finally, we have demonstrated the in vitro antiviral activity of the recombinant trout beta-defensin-like peptide against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (vhsv), one ... | 2008 | 17692376 |
| binding of alkylphenols and alkylated non-phenolics to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic estrogen receptors. | alkylphenols are well-known endocrine disrupters, mediating effects through the estrogen receptor (er). in the present work, the interaction of alkylphenols and alkylated non-phenolics with hepatic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptors (rters) was determined. the role of alkyl chain length and branching, substituent position, number of alkylated groups, and the requirement of a phenolic ring structure was assessed. the results showed that the rters bound most alkylphenols, altho ... | 2008 | 17512592 |
| cloning and characterization of two clusterin isoforms in rainbow trout. | clusterin is a broadly distributed glycoprotein constitutively expressed by various tissues and cell types and has been shown to be associated with several physiological and pathological functions. in order to study the molecular evolution of clusterin, here we report the cloning and characterization of two clusterin genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the deduced amino acid sequences of clusterin-1 and a partial clusterin-2 clone are 89% identical to each other, showing 45, 42 and 38% ... | 2008 | 17669495 |
| effects of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte cell line rts-11. | the effect of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) was studied on the established rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte/macrophage-like cell line rts11. the virus was not able to complete its replication cycle as infectious viral particles were not released from the cells. however, in rts11, the virus was capable of producing mrna from at least its n and g genes. at the protein level, only n protein was detected 2 days post-infection, whereas a faint band corresponding to the g prote ... | 2008 | 17928055 |
| cadmium chloride-induced disruption of testicular steroidogenesis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | cadmium (cd) is a known endocrine disruptor with the ability to affect the production of hormones involved in the regulation of reproductive processes. in the present study, the effects of cdcl(2) on unstimulated and stimulated testicular steroidogenesis were examined with the intention of furthering the understanding of the potential site(s) of action in the signaling pathway for 11-kt synthesis in teleosts. in short-term (2-h) exposures, cdcl(2 )stimulated 11-kt production (29% and 28% over co ... | 2008 | 18040592 |
| first evidence of the pore-forming properties of a keratin from skin mucus of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly salmo gairdneri). | the epidermis of fish is covered with a layer of mucus, which contributes to the defence of the species against parasites, bacteria and fungi. we have previously extracted glycoproteins from various mucus samples from fish and have shown that they present pore-forming activities well correlated with strong antibacterial properties [ebran, julien, orange, saglio, lemaitre and molle(2000) biochim. biophys. acta 1467, 271-280]. the present study focuses on the 65 kda glycoprotein, tr65, from the ra ... | 2008 | 18052924 |
| lipid peroxidative stress and antioxidant defence status during ontogeny of rainbow trout ( oncorhynchus mykiss). | the objective of the present study was to characterise some important antioxidant enzymes and their relationships with retinoids and lipid peroxidation during rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) early development. eggs were incubated at 7 degrees c until the swim-up stage whereupon fry were fed two semi-purified diets with 0% (co) and 8% (ox) oxidised lipid respectively for 2 months at 17 degrees c. the activities and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione ... | 2008 | 18062828 |
| the biological effects of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) recombinant interleukin-8. | in this report, recombinant interleukin-8 (ril-8) was produced and its activity tested for the first time in fish. the rainbow trout ril-8 was produced in escherichia coli and purified using a 6xhis tag at the n-terminus. the ril-8 induced a dose-dependent migration of head kidney leukocytes at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml, with a peak response at 1 ng/ml. trout ril-8 also had a significant effect on superoxide production by head kidney cells, with maximal activity at 0.1 and 1 ng/ml. whe ... | 2008 | 18068225 |
| effects of short-term growth hormone treatment on liver and muscle transcriptomes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | although studies have established that exogenous growth hormone (gh) treatment stimulates growth in fish, its effects on target tissue gene expression are not well characterized. we assessed the effects of posilac (monsanto, st. louis, mo), a recombinant bovine gh, on tissue transcript levels in rainbow trout selected from two high-growth rate and two low-growth rate families. transcript abundance was measured in liver and muscle with the genome research in atlantic salmon project (grasp) 16k cd ... | 2008 | 18073272 |
| in vitro leukocyte-encapsulation model in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we developed an in vitro model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of granulomatous inflammation in response to invading pathogens. ichthyophonus hoferi was used as a target for encapsulation by cultivated leukocytes from the kidney of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the encapsulation process was observed over 1 week. the leukocytes were identified as either macrophages in the inner layer, or neutrophils and lymphocytes in the outer layer. the encapsulation response was inhib ... | 2008 | 18093653 |
| transmission of the parasite ichthyophonus hoferi in cultured rainbow trout and comparison of epidemic models. | the epidemic process of the parasite ichthyophonus hoferi in cultured rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was quantitatively estimated by both the cohabitation experiment and two standard models (the kermarck-mckendrick model and the reed-frost model). for analysis of the parasite transmission by cohabitation, fish in two replicate tanks were exposed to 1, 5, or 10 infected fish, and daily mortality was counted for 102 d. despite simple experiments for artificial exposure to the pathogen, the dail ... | 2008 | 19306610 |
| comparison of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility in flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from rainbow trout fry. | the aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in the west aegean region of turkey and to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of f. psychrophilum (isolated from the fry of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss) to seven antimicrobial agents, as determined by the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. a total of 250 rainbow trout fry (weight = 2-5 g; total length = 3-6 cm) were examined, and 20 bacterial isolates were phenotypically identified. antimicrobial ... | 2008 | 19306614 |
| water recirculation and good management: potential methods to avoid disease outbreaks with flavobacterium psychrophilum. | flavobacterium psychrophilum infections cause high mortality among rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, fry in danish fish farms and hatcheries. hatcheries based entirely on bore-hole water recirculation systems have been suggested as a possibility for eliminating f. psychrophilum or at least keeping the amount of this bacterium low. the occurrence of the bacterium in a bore-hole water recirculation system was compared with a combined bore-hole water and stream water flow-through system in a hatc ... | 2008 | 19238756 |
| cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses--influence of cell line and temperature. | laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the cultural characteristics of salmonid alphaviruses (sav) from atlantic salmon (as, salmo salar) and rainbow trout (rt, oncorhynchus mykiss), particularly in relation to cell line and temperature. in an initial study, sav was isolated from 12 viraemic sera and passaged in chinook salmon embryo (chse-214) cells at 15 degrees c. geometric mean titres (gmt) after initial isolation were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) relative to those ... | 2008 | 19238759 |