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the finding of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats in new orleans.twenty of 94 (21.4%) rattus norvegicus trapped in new orleans, louisiana, between april 1986 and february 1987 were infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis (3-62 worms per rat). this is the first report of the parasite from north america. a carnivorous snail, euglandina rosea, was found experimentally to be able to serve as both an intermediate and a paratenic host. other locally occurring gastropods that were successfully infected experimentally included mesodon thyroidus, anguispira alternat ...19883275136
larvicidal effect of albendazole against angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.mice were infected with 50 third stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis and treated orally with albendazole (zentel) in dosages of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day begun 5, 10, or 15 days post-infection for 7, 14, or 21 consecutive days. the mice in each group were killed 3 days after cessation of treatment and the brains examined for parasites. worms were recovered from the brains of all mice treated for 7 days, but recoveries from treated mice were significantly lower than from controls. worm redu ...19883407839
ultrastructural and morphometric analyses of eosinophils from the cerebrospinal fluid of the mouse and guinea-pig infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.guinea-pigs infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis developed pleocytosis and eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) at day 12 post-infection (p.i.), showing a peak response at day 20 p.i., followed by a gradual reduction. ultrastructural observations on csf eosinophils from infected mice and guinea-pigs revealed various signs of eosinophil degranulation after day 14 p.i., suggesting the exocytosis of lysosomal material. morphometric analysis indicated that csf eosinophils after day 22 ...19883174173
local antibody production and immune complex formation in rats experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.the systemic humoral immune responses and tissue localization of worm-antigen, antibodies (igg), and complement (c3) were examined in rats experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. while the worms remained in the subarachnoid space, it was infiltrated with plasma cells and lymphoid cells containing igm and igg. when the infiltration of these cells became more pronounced, the serum antibody titer began to increase. at the same time, deposits of igm, igg, and c3 were found in the g ...19883056056
[study on intracranial migration of angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice]. 19883163009
[a case of eosinophilic meningitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 19883069945
[procurement and evaluation of antigens of excretion-secretion in adult females of angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 19883072606
t-cell-dependent eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid of the mouse infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis.eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in permissive (rats) and non-permissive (mice) hosts infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis, and the possible mechanism of the eosinophilia were studied. in three strains of thymic mice (icr, ddy and balb/c), the infection provoked a marked csf eosinophilia starting at around day 12, reaching a peak level at day 20 and maintaining significantly high levels until day 35. in contrast, in athymic nude mice of balb/c strain the infection failed to evo ...19883259688
1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopic study of the metabolites in young adult angiostrongylus cantonensis maintained in vitro.1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy were used to study metabolites excreted by young adult angiostrongylus cantonensis maintained aerobically in the presence of d-[13c6]glucose. end-products of glucose metabolism identified and quantitated by means of 1h-nmr were lactate, acetate and alanine, in the molar ratio of 1:0.13:0.05 for males and 1:0.07:0.04 for females. 13c-nmr analyses proved that all the three products originated from the glucose present in the medium.19883386682
ocular angiostrongyliasis in japan: a case report.a small motile worm was found in the posterior pole of the eye of a patient, producing a decrease in visual acuity. the patient had signs of meningitis and had cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. his serum was positive for antibodies to angiostrongylus cantonensis. without surgical intervention, the patient recovered and his visual acuity returned to normal.19883341516
eosinophilic meningitis and radiculomyelitis in thailand, caused by cns invasion of gnathostoma spinigerum and angiostrongylus cantonensis.during the 6 year period from january 1980 to december 1985 44 patients with infection of the central nervous system by gnathostoma spinigerum or angiostrongylus cantonensis were admitted to the division of neurology, ramathibodi hospital, bangkok, thailand. in 16 patients the diagnosis could be confirmed serologically by means of elisa techniques. in gnathostomiasis encephalitis, myelitis, radiculitis and subarachnoid haemorrhage formed the majority of clinical syndromes. intracerebral haematom ...19883351533
late development and fertility of adult worms derived from gamma-irradiated first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis.effects of gamma ray irradiation on the first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. compared to the non-treated controls, infection of rats with third-stage larvae which developed from irradiated first-stage larvae resulted in reduced recovery rates of adults. there was also a change in the male-female adult worm ratio and a reduction in larval output per female in relation to increasing irradiation dosage. morphological changes in the adults were noted.19873575290
larvicidal effect of perbendazole on experimental infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice.perbendazole was given orally and subcutaneously to mice infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis at different stages of infection. the subcutaneous route of administration was more effective than the oral one. on the 5th day after infection, the perbendazole had a higher efficacy than on the 10th day postinfection. this finding shows that perbendazole had complete larvicidal effect at early stages of infection.19873428011
experimental chemotherapy of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice with flubendazole, levamisole, and their combination.the efficacy of the drugs flubendazole, levamisole, and their combination was studied against angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice. the drugs were evaluated on day 15 post infection. the efficacy was assessed by using single-dose and 5-dose treatment schedules. flubendazole was effective at 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg when given each day for five days. levamisole at a dose rate of 200 mg/kg was completely effective in a single treatment. the combined therapy of levamisole ( ...19873583131
motility and drug susceptibility of angiostrongylus cantonensis developing from gamma-irradiated first-stage larvae.the effects of neuropharmacological agents on the motility of irradiated and non-irradiated angiostrongylus cantonensis adult females were studied. gaba induced complete paralysis in non-irradiated and 5,000 r-irradiated worms, but caused only slight paralysis on 10,000 r-irradiated worms. the paralytic effect of gaba was antagonised by picrotoxin. the reason for low susceptibility of heavily irradiated worms to gaba is not known. there was no difference in susceptibility of non-irradiated and i ...19873448779
studies on growth and distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in ampullarium canaliculatus.the intramolluscan development of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in ampullarium canaliculatus, a fresh-water migrant snail which multiplies in tremendous rate in taiwan, was followed for 28 consecutive days in this study. the snails were infected with first stage larvae of a. cantonensis and groups of three snails were sacrificed daily to study various larval stages in different organs. a. cantonensis larvae were found in all snails examined. during the first four days, they were obtained on ...19873672187
canine neural angiostrongylosis: the clinical and therapeutic features of 55 natural cases.the clinical features of 55 naturally occurring cases of neural angiostrongylosis caused by the parasite angiostrongylus cantonensis are described. the principal clinical feature is an ascending paresis of varying severity, mainly effecting the limbs and bladder. in severely affected animals the cranial nerves and central nervous system are affected. a distinguishing clinical sign is a variable severe lumbar hyperalgesia. for prognostic purposes the severity of the disease is divided into 3 grad ...19873675410
observations on the transmission of angiostrongylus cantonensis from snail to rodent.a survey of angiostrongylus cantonensis was carried out to investigate the mode of transmission from mollusc to rat in a fixed study area of yoron island from 1979 to 1982. rattus rattus was found to be infected with a small number of worms in spite of heavy infection with third-stage larvae in achatina fulica and an abundance of this snail in the area. natural infection and/or susceptibility with a. cantonensis were confirmed in three small snail species. bradybaena circulus, fruticicola despec ...19873668215
[immunologic findings in meningoencephalitis caused by neisseria meningitidis b 15, echo 4, and angiostrongylus cantonensis]. 19873125574
angiostrongylus cantonensis: immunoblot analysis of the antigens recognized by rats.following infection of rats with angiostrongylus cantonensis, occurrence of anti-parasite antibody in the serum was determined with special reference to the antigens recognized by host igg antibodies, using sds-page combined with an immunoblotting technique. three saline extracts of digestive organ, reproductive organ and body wall, isolated from adult female a. cantonensis, were used as crude antigenic solutions. then 7 to 49 days after infection, igg antibodies directed predominantly against a ...19873112770
effects of milbemycin d on adult angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.effects of milbemycin d against adult angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats were examined. the first-stage larval counts in rat faeces (larvae per gram of faeces per female worm recovered, lpg/female) were most conspicuously reduced in the group treated with nine consecutive weekly doses of 5.0 mg/kg. the effect was more marked in the group treated with five or ten successive daily doses of 5.0 mg/kg than the group treated with a single dose of 25.0 or 5.0 mg/kg. host lung-body weight ratio and nu ...19873615397
1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopic study of glucose metabolism in eggs of angiostrongylus cantonensis during their development.1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy was used to study aerobic glucose metabolism in eggs of angiostrongylus cantonensis in an nctc-109 medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. without any pretreatment of the spent medium, we were able to identify and quantitate, by nmr, the end-products of glucose metabolism in eggs after cultivation for 2, 4, and 8 days. we demonstrated that a. cantonensis eggs took up glucose rapidly; among the major end products were found lactic acid, ...19873626133
pathogenic factors in the later pulmonary phase of angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected rats.in rats infected with different worm burdens of angiostrongylus cantonensis, the loss of body weight was proportional to the increasing dose of infection. body weight was correlated inversely with female worm burden (r = -0.669), the sum of mean numbers of larvae per gram of faeces (lpg) (r = -0.527) and lung weight (r = -0.761). lung weight was positively correlated with female worm burden (r = 0.785) and the sum of mean numbers of lpg (r = 0.685). on the other hand, in rats infected with larva ...19873658975
four documented cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis in hong kong.4 cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in hong kong are described. the major clinical features of the patients, who were 2-60 years old, were low grade fever, headache, mild meningeal signs, right facial palsy or hemiplegia. eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and eosinophilic pleocytosis were prominent. computerized tomography scans of brain showed a small area of attenuation with surrounding hypodense area; the lesion was resolved 1-2 months after admission to hospital. electroencephalog ...19873450002
public health importance of angiostrongylus cantonensis and its relatives.species of angiostrongylus are fairly common nematode parasites of a variety of small mammals, but some species - particularly a. cantonensis and a. costaricensis - are increasingly seen as human infections. the worms make use of a range of aquatic, amphibious or terrestrial gastropod molluscs as intermediate hosts, which become infected by ingestion of eggs shed in the faeces of infected mammals. porotenic hosts, including crustaceans, amphibians and reptiles, are known for most angiostrongylus ...198715462892
[epidemiology of angiostrongylus cantonensis in guangzhou]. 19863521887
isolation of specific antigens from angiostrongylus cantonensis. 2. by affinity chromatography.the crude adult worm extract of angiostrongylus cantonensis was subjected to a series of affinity chromatography for selective removal of host antigens as well as cross-reactive components with other helminths. the purified fraction designated as ac(p) with molecular weights ranging from 10,000-42,000 was found to contain antigenic components specific to a. cantonensis as determined by immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.19862428179
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to angiostrongylus cantonensis.the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was employed for the sero-diagnosis of angiostrongylus cantonensis infections in rats and man. metabolic and 'purified' antigens of adult or juvenile a. cantonensis were evaluated by elisa and compared against toxocara canis antigen for sensitivity and specificity. sera and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from both rats and man gave higher elisa values against antigens of a. cantonensis than those obtained from negative control samples. the results showed ...19863798533
effect of uv-irradiation, spleen cells and mln cells on protective immunity against angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in mice.the uv-irradiated larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were used for inducing immunity in mice. a single oral dose of 100 infective uv-irradiated larvae exposed for 5 min or 15 min induced 91% and 97% protection against subsequent infection. adoptive protection against a. cantonensis could also be transferred by spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells obtained from vaccinated mice.19863705711
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to gnathostoma antigen in patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling.a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of immunoglobulin g antibody to gnathostoma antigen in the sera of patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling who were suspected of being infected by the tissue nematode gnathostoma spinigerum. the antigen used was a crude somatic aqueous extract of the third larval stage obtained from naturally infected eels. the 1:320 dilution of all sera from 46 patients gave enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay values abov ...19863711272
infectivity and development of the gamma-irradiated first stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis.effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the first-stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. there was a significant reduction in the infectivity of the 10,000 r-irradiated larvae to intermediate host snails compared to other groups. in the final host infection, both the worm populations and worm body length of irradiated groups differed markedly from those of the non-irradiated control.19863716541
first report of angiostrongylus cantonensis in puerto rico.from january to april 1984, 63 rattus rattus and 40 r. norvegicus were trapped in northeastern puerto rico and examined for angiostrongylus cantonensis adults. nineteen (47.5%) of the r. norvegicus and 10 (15.9%) of the r. rattus were infected, giving an overall infection rate of 28.2%. four species of terrestrial snails and one species of brown slug were examined for a. cantonensis larvae. two snail species, subulina octona and aquebana belutina, were found infected with third stage larvae of a ...19863953946
surface antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis developing in permissive and non-permissive hosts.the immunofluorescent antibody test and immunocytochemical method were employed to study the surface antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis obtained from infected rats, mice and guinea pigs. positive results with intense fluorescence and brownish peroxidase staining were observed on the cuticular surface of a. cantonensis recovered from rats 22 days (late cerebral phase) and 34 days (lung phase) post-infection when tested with antisera against host (normal rat serum) antigens as well as crude e ...19863529674
[technic for the collection of larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis from mollusca]. 19863299555
demonstration of carboxyl and thiol protease activities in adult schistosoma mansoni, dirofilaria immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum.evidence has been presented showing two kinds of acidic protease activities in adult schistosoma mansoni, dirofilaria immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum. a haemoglobinolytic activity without adding any sh-containing compounds was maximal at ph 3.5, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 in s. mansoni, d. immitis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris suum respectively. the inhibitor studies demonstrated that this activity is ascribable to carboxyl protease(s). in the presence of dithiothreitol, a ...19863517135
effects of diethylcarbamazine on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis.effects of piperazine derivatives, especially of diethylcarbamazine (dec) on adult angiostrongylus cantonensis and dirofilaria immitis were examined. piperazine (3 x 10(-5)-10(-4) m) paralyzed a. cantonensis and the action was antagonized by picrotoxin. 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (dmpp) (10(-5)-10(-4) m) caused contraction but little effect was produced by strychnine. an inhibitory effect on untreated preparations was caused by lower concentrations (3 x 10(-6)-10(-5) m) of diethylc ...19863716544
eosinophil responses of permissive and nonpermissive hosts to the young adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis.blood and bone marrow eosinophilia was assessed in nonpermissive (guinea pigs) and permissive (rats) hosts following the pulmonary arterial transfers of live or dead young adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis. guinea pigs showed a marked eosinophilic response to live worms but only a slight response to dead worms. neither ige nor haemagglutinating antibodies correlated with the induction of this eosinophilia. in contrast, the rat responded to neither form of the young adult worm. when the ...19863776318
studies on anthelmintic effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice and rats.flubendazole and mebendazole given orally at 10 mg/kg/day 5-7 days post-infection (total 30 mg/kg) were found to eliminate 93-100% of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in mice and rats. no significant difference was observed between the effects of the 2 drugs. the effectiveness of the drugs decreased with the increase in days post-infection on which medication was administered. it was found possible to treat a. cantonensis adults in rats by administering flubendazole or mebendazole at 10 mg/kg/ ...19863783345
angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in ampullarius canaliculatus (lamarck) in kyushu, japan.ampullarius canaliculatus is a large fresh-water snail of which the original habitat is said to be argentina. recently, the snail which grew wild has propagated in various parts of japan, and is causing damage to aquatic plants by feeding on them. the present study was performed to find out whether the snail can be a suitable intermediate host for angiostrongylus cantonensis. natural infection with a. cantonensis was confirmed in the snails collected from 5 different places in 4 hamlets in okina ...19863576290
elisa testing in cases of clinical angiostrongyliasis in thailand.the sera from 116 thais admitted to nakhon ratchasima hospital in northeastern thailand with eosinophilic meningitis were tested for antibodies to angiostrongylus cantonensis by elisa. ninety-six percent of the sera were considered positive with elisa values exceptionally high for most patients. the clinical aspects of the disease are also presented. the elisa test is considered to be of value in the diagnosis of the disease but tests for the antigen would provide a more definitive diagnosis.19854023800
[experimental infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae to ampullarium canaliculatus]. 19853858429
polyclonal b cell activation during the course of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.the numbers of igm antibody forming cells against various heterologous antigens: srbc, hrbc, tnp and fitc, were found to be elevated in the spleens of rats after infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis. in these rats, the number of splenic b cells and total igg and igm levels in serum also increased spontaneously about 2- to 3-fold of uninfected rats during the course of the infection. these results suggested that a. cantonensis infection may activate b cells polyclonally in the spleens of th ...19853876249
isolation of specific antigens from angiostrongylus cantonensis. 1. preparative flatbed isoelectric focusing.electrophoresis on sds gel and analytical isoelectric focusing showed that a crude extract of angiostrongylus cantonensis consisted of at least 40 protein components with molecular weights ranging from 13 000-70 000 and isoelectric points of pi values ranging from 3.7-10.0. crossed-immunoelectrophoresis with a hyperimmune antiserum to a. cantonensis showed at least 40 different antigenic components in the crude worm extract which were cross-reactive with those of ascaris suum, metastrongylus apr ...19852417425
induction of protective immunity against infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.attempts were made to induce acquired immunity against angiostrongylus cantonensis infection by immunizing rats with somatic (l3s) and metabolic (l3es) antigens from third-stage larvae and with somatic antigen from adult female worms (face) via either a combined intraperitoneal and oral (ip-or-or) or subcutaneous (sc-sc-sc) route. the most effective mean in inducing protection was the administration of l3s by the ip-or-or route, as judged from reduced mortality, prolonged survival periods and/or ...19854023814
larvicidal effect of flubendazole on angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice with various worm burdens.flubendazole given orally at 50 mg/kg to mice inoculated with 50, 250 or 500 larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis showed almost complete larvicidal effect, irrespective of the worm burden.19854093587
spread of angiostrongylus cantonensis in papua new guinea. 19853866437
an examination of the prepatent period and the absence of a crowding effect in angiostrongylus cantonensis in laboratory rats.the effects of the size of the infective inoculum on the prepatent period and the effect of crowding on body volume were examined in populations of angiostrongylus cantonensis (metastrongyloidea: angiostrongylidae) in the laboratory rat. groups of five rats were infected with 5, 10, 20 and 40 l3 of a. cantonensis, respectively. the prepatent period was determined by examination of faeces using a modified baermann technique. the prepatent period ranged from 37 to 45 days and was best described by ...19853836309
the presence of angiostrongylus cantonensis in viti levu, fiji.wild rats and molluscs were examined for angiostrongylus cantonensis infection on viti levu, fiji. a. cantonensis were recovered from 29.6% (16/54) of rattus rattus and 59.5% (25/42) of r. exulans. a. cantonensis-like larval nematodes were found in all of four slugs, laevicaulis alte, and ten of 20 unidentified land snails. the larvae developed to adult a. cantonensis in the pulmonary arteries of laboratory rats 40 to 42 days after ingestion. this is the first record of a. cantonensis in fiji.19846501855
studies of angiostrongylus cantonensis in two experimental hosts.lung infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis was established in experimentally infected indian soft-furred rats (millardia meltada) and indian spiny mice (mus platythrix). pulmonary arterial migration occurred earlier (at day 20 after infection) in m. meltada than in wistar rats. m. meltada and m. platythrix could serve as useful animal models for comparative studies of mechanisms determining host specificity of a. cantonensis.19846501859
parasite density and the fecundity of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.the larval output of angiostrongylus cantonensis at different initial densities in rats was examined throughout the reproductive life-span of the worms using a modified dilution technique. with an initial density of 2 worms the mean duration of larval output was 414.2 days. the output was at a level above 50000 larvae/female/day from 15 to 45 weeks after infection. the mean total output was 18.9 x 10(6) larvae/female. the larval output/female decreased with an increase in the worm burden and als ...19846504559
ultrastructural evidence for eosinophil-mediated destruction of angiostrongylus cantonensis transferred into the pulmonary artery of non-permissive hosts.ultrastructural and cytochemical analyses were carried out on cellular reactions to the young adult worms of angiostrongylus cantonensis surgically transferred into the pulmonary arteries of permissive (rat) and non-permissive (rabbit and guinea-pig) hosts. in permissive hosts, no appreciable cellular reactions could be found around worms throughout the course of the observations. by contrast, the infiltration of neutrophils along with eosinophils was observed around worms in non-permissive host ...19846718049
peripheral blood white cell responses during angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in rats. 19846735584
effects of temperature on the larval development of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata.the effects of temperature on the larval development of angiostrongylus cantonensis in biomphalaria glabrata were studied under controlled conditions. when b. glabrata were maintained at different, constant temperatures, the first-stage larvae developed to third-stage larvae between 20 degrees and 31 degrees c. the velocity of development to the third-stage in the snail depended on the relationship, y = -0.1281 + 0.0081 x (y velocity of development; x rearing temperature). the "threshold of deve ...19846741223
[the infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in definitive and intermediate hosts in guangzhou 1979-1982]. 19846509537
angiostrongylus cantonensis in east new britain, papua new guinea.the first case of angiostrongyliasis (eosinophilic meningitis) to be diagnosed in papua new guinea in 1977, led to a survey of adult melanesian residents of east new britain province where the case occurred, to assess the level of immunological responsiveness to angiostrongylus cantonensis. in 104 subjects tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody test, the serum antibody titres to a. cantonensis equalled or exceeded 1:16 in 50.7% and ranged from 1:32 to 1:64 in 17.3% of subjects. no individ ...19846533849
distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis in papua new guinea.examination of 97 rats trapped in port moresby and lae on the mainland of papua new guinea and in rabaul, east new britain province, showed that 12.4% were infected by angiostrongylus cantonensis. larval an. cantonensis were found in achatina fulica snails collected at these towns, from the ramu valley near madang on the mainland and at locations in west new britain, new ireland and bougainville island. the mollusc infection rates ranged from 12.7% at port moresby to 32.4% at kimbe in west new b ...19846533850
[a survey of angiostrongylus cantonensis in guangzhou]. 19846467537
[infestation by angiostrongylus cantonensis in the havana provinces]. 19846390581
angiostrongylus cantonensis: paralysis due to avermectin b1a and ivermectin.paralysis due to avermectin b1a and ivermectin of angiostrongylus cantonensis was compared to that of phenylephrine (an alpha-adrenergic agonist) and strychnine (a cholinergic inhibitor). the paralyzing action of ivermectin (2.5 x 10(-9) g/ml) was inhibited by the single, simultaneous addition of picrotoxin (3 x 10(-5) m), whereas the effect of the drug (2.5 x 10(-7) g/ml) was reversed only when picrotoxin was given with cholinergic spasmogens such as pyrantel and eserine. bicuculline (3 x 10(-5 ...19846143682
the chronic and severe forms of eosinophilic meningitis.two cases of chronic eosinophilic meningitis (presumed to be due to angiostrongylus cantonensis) and a third patient with a severe form of this disease are described. such cases are rare in the published literature. all patients developed their illness in western samoa, an area previously thought to be free of the disease. the need to consider eosinophilic meningitis in patients with chronic and severe neurological disease who live in, or have recently come from, endemic areas is emphasised.19846591910
circumoval and circumlarval precipitate reactions of angiostrongylus cantonensis. 19846716749
the role of the spleen in protective immunity against angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats: splenectomy and passive spleen cell transfers. 19836853017
immunological regulation of angiostrongylus cantonensis infections in rats: modulation of population density and enhanced parasite growth following one or two superimposed infections.rats acquired a degree of protective immunity to reinfection with angiostrongylus cantonensis after a single infection with 50 infective larvae. infected rats resisted the establishment of most challenging larvae and protective immunity increased with subsequent reinfections. part of the primary infection was lost after a superimposed second and also following a superimposed third infection, but the total size of the concurrent adult worm populations remained the same as that from a primary infe ...19836875253
studies on the cryopreservation of eggs of angiostrongylus cantonensis.the possibility of cryopreserving the eggs of angiostrongylus cantonensis collected from the uterus of female worms was investigated. eggs were cultured in nctc 109 medium containing 50% rat serum, and various growth stages, from one-cell eggs to embryonated eggs, were used in this study. as a cryoprotective agent, dimethylsulphoxide (me2so) was added to the medium at a final concentration of 1 m. eggs suspended in 0.2 ml of the medium at 37 degrees c were cooled to 0 degrees c at a rate of 1 de ...19836686843
studies on eosinophilic meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis in japan.twenty cases of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis suspected of being angiostrongyliasis were recognized in japan, including 16 cases in okinawa prefecture. among the cases, there was only one proven case in okinawa. the disease evenly occurred throughout all seasons. both sexes were equally affected, but 17 cases (more than 80%) occurred among adults. intentional ingestion of various mollusks and fresh livers of toads for therapeutic reasons were interestingly responsible for 7 case ...19836424245
protection against pasteurella pneumotropica during infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis.lung infections of specific-pathogen-free rats were studied to determine cross-immunity between infections with pasteurella pneumotropica and angiostrongylus cantonensis. rats were found to have differences in mortality due to pneumonic infections with p pneumotropica and a cantonensis and to coinfections of p pneumotropica and a cantonensis. single infections of p pneumotropica were not dosage-dependent in their lethality for specific-pathogen-free rats. the mortality of coinfection with p pneu ...19836226222
[fatal infection of hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) with angiostrongylus cantonensis (chen, 1935)]. 19836379767
the freshwater ampullariid snail lanistes carinatus as a natural intermediate host of angiostrongylus cantonensis in egypt. 19836631087
analysis of antigens from different developmental stages of angiostrongylus cantonensis.protein profiles of somatic extracts from different developmental stages and excretory and secretory products of third-state larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis were analyzed and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate under both reduced and unreduced conditions. immunological identification of common and stage-specific antigens was determined by radioimmunoprecipitation using chronically infected rat serum and antisera from rats immunized with somatic ext ...19836635753
studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (xviii). mechanism of spastically paralyzing action of pyrantel in angiostrongylus cantonensis.pyrantel tartrate caused spastic paralysis through stimulating nicotinic cholinoceptors in angiostrongylus cantonensis.19836653728
a comparison of the effects of flubendazole and thiabendazole on the larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis, trichinella spiralis, diphyllobothrium erinacei and hymenolepis nana in mice.flubendazole or thiabendazole were administered orally to mice harbouring larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis, trichinella spiralis, diphyllobothrium erinacei or hymenolepis nana 5-10, 28-33, 21-26 and 1-6 days post-infection respectively. all the mice infected with a. cantonensis were completely cured after treatment with flubendazole at 5 mg/kg/day for 6 days. no noticeable damage was found in the cerebral hemispheres of the mice treated with flubendazole and examined under a dissecting micr ...19836657308
studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths: effects of avermectin b1a on angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats. 19836685712
the distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis (chen) in the central nervous system of laboratory rats.the distribution of preadult angiostrongylus cantonensis helminths in various regions of the central nervous system of rats, infected with varying doses of larvae, was studied. a dose of 10 000 larvae proved to be lethal; the rats showed paralytic symptoms and loss of vision prior to death. a very low dose of 15 larvae also proved to be infective to the central nervous system. incidence of eye involvement was observed in two rats receiving a dose of 500 larvae. maximum number of helminths were r ...19836629208
prevalence of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in commensal rats in bombay. 19827166636
antibody responses in rats infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis and the passive transfer of protective immunity with immune serum.little haemagglutinating antibody was detected in the serum of rats with primary angiostrongylus cantonensis infections until the juvenile worms left the brain and lodged in the lungs about 35 days after infection. antibody titres reached a peak 50 days after infection and were maintained for at least a further 95 days. increasing the infective dose of a. cantonensis larvae increased the peak antibody titres attained by the infected rats. re-infection temporarily reduced the serum antibody titre ...19827136191
passive immunity in rats infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis: interactions between syngeneic immune serum and sensitized lymph node cells.immune serum injected into the peritoneum of rats passively protected them against angiostrongylus cantonensis; this protection was greater than that conferred by passively transferred immune lymph node cells. when immune lymph node cells and serum were transferred together into the same rat, no enhanced protection was observed. the protective effect of serum was inhibited by the lymph node cells to levels commensurate with those conferred by immune lymph node cells alone. normal lymph node cell ...19827136196
[studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (iii). effects of tuberostemonine from stemona japonica on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)].effects of tuberostemonine (ts), an alkaloid from stemona japonica, on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated frog rectus and mouse ileum were studied. 1) ts (6.7 x 10(-6) approximately 2 x 10(-5) m) paralyzed the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis. 2) ts (6.7 x 10(-5) m) showed contractive effects on the motility of dipylidium caninum and fasciola hepatica. 3) treatment with ts (6.7 x 10(-5) approximately 4.8 x 10(-4) m) had little effect on the motility of schistosoma japonicum. ...19827200048
[angiostrongylus cantonensis in madagascar]. 19827186336
the biology of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in immune rats.rats acquired protective immunity to angiostrongylus cantonensis after a single infection with 50 infective larvae. immunity was stronger after subsequent infections. fewer worms were recovered which were shorter and produced fewer progeny after secondary and tertiary infections. however, the growth of a. cantonensis during the early developmental stages in the brain and the ability of the young adult parasites to migrate to the lungs was not affected in the immune host.19827147005
[studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (iv). effects of alkaloids from sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)].effects of n-methylcytisine (n-mc) and matrine (mat), alkaloids from sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated frog rectus and mouse ileum were studied. 1) the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis was affected spastically by n-mc (1.2 x 10(-6) approximately 1.2 x 10(-4) m), but paralytically by mat (10(-5) approximately 10(-4) m). 2) the motility of dipylidium caninum and fasciola hepatica was affected paralytically by n-mc (1.2 x 10(-4) approximately 1.2 x 10(-3) ...19827200047
eosinophilic radiculomyeloencephalitis: an angiostrongyliasis outbreak in american samoa related to ingestion of achatina fulica snails.for the first time in american samoa an outbreak of eosinophilic radiculomyeloencephalitis was related to eating giant african snails (achatina fulica) infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. among 24 korean fisherman sharing the same infective meal, 16 who ate raw or partially cooked snails became ill; five who ate boiled snails and three who ate none remained well. the ensuing illnesses began within 1-6 days, persisted up to 10 weeks, and were characterized by both peripheral blood and spin ...19827149098
angiostrongylus cantonensis: biogenic amines in the lungs of infected rats. 19827095071
elisa for the detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis antibodies in patients with eosinophilic meningitis.the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to examine sera from twelve taiwanese children with eosinophilic meningitis suspected to be induced by infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis. polystyrene tubes were coated with angiostrongylus cantonensis antigens (5 micrograms/ml protein) prepared from fourth-stage larvae recovered from the brains of experimentally infected rats. alkaline phosphatase labelled goat antihuman igg conjugate was used in a dilution of 1 to 500; sera were di ...19827051339
experimental light infection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.an experimental infection with a smaller number of angiostrongylus cantonensis, using rats as hosts, was carried out. when the rats were infected with one and two larvae of a. cantonensis, the infection rates were 45.5% and 73.3% and recovery rates of the adult worms were 45.5% and 66.7%, respectively. in cases when more than three larvae were given to rats, all rats were found to be infected and recovery rates were around 70%, which is the same as in the case of infection with many larvae. the ...19827086927
eosinophilic meningitis and hydrocephalus in an infant.central nervous system invasion by helminths is the most frequent cause of eosinophilic pleocytosis in the csf. although csf eosinophilia is an unusual finding in the continental united states, it is not an uncommon observation in cases of meningitis in hawaii and the south pacific. the rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis has been implicated as the causal agent responsible for cases of eosinophilic meningitis in these areas. the diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis secondary to a cantonens ...19827092618
studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (viii). effects of some possible neurotransmitters on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis.effects of some possible neurotransmitters such as gaba, adrenergic drugs, and 5-ht and their antagonists on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied. paralysis was caused by gaba, avermectin bia (av-bia), piperazine and alpha-adrenergic agonists such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine and methoxamine, but not by beta-adrenergic agonists such as isoproterenol. the paralysis by gaba or av-bia was antagonized by gaba antagonists such as picrotoxin and/or bicucul ...19826127426
a probable case of ocular angiostrongyliasis in new britain, papua new guinea.unilateral iritis, keratitis and episcleritis presented in a 45-year-old female melanesian from new britain, papua new guinea. a motile nematode was seen in the anterior vitreous but was not recovered. inflammation resolved with topical corticosteroid and antibiotic treatment, but visual impairment persisted. she failed to return for repeat serology after discharge, and measurement of serum antibody levels to angiostrongylus cantonensis in the single specimen obtained, using the direct and indir ...19826926775
[eosinophil response in albino rats to infection with angiostrongylus cantonensis (author's transl)].five male wistar rats (200 grams each) were infected with 100 third stage larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis by gastric intubation. after 42 days of infection, a large number of first stage larvae was found in the feces of all infected rats. blood examination revealed that the number of eosinophil increased substantially, when compared to controls, at 6, 36, and 46 days after infection. the percentages of eosinophils in blood obtained at day 6, 36, and 46 was about 4 to 6-fold of control grou ...19827094683
glycolytic enzymes in juvenile and adult angiostrongylus cantonensis.in extracts of adult angiostrongylus cantonensis, the activities of enzymes including glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triosepho sphate isomerase, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerokinase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were demonstrated. the present of signi ...19827112211
studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (vii). effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis.effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied to define the neuropharmacological properties of this worm. stimulation of the motility and/or contraction were shown by eserine, ach, carbachol, nicotine, dmpp, pyrantel, and ba2+, but not by pilocarpine and mcn-a-343. contraction was similarly observed by these agents in the preparations paralyzed with praziquantel. paralysis was caused remarkably by d-tubocurarine and slightly by succinylcholine, ...19827131950
the course of angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in athymic nude and neonatally thymectomized mice.balb/c athymic nude and thymus-reconstituted nude mice and neonatally thymectomized balb/c mice were infected with stage 3 larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis and the worm burdens of the mice were determined at various times after infection. when the nude and thymectomized mice were exposed to the parasite, some worms were found to migrate from the brain to lungs but died there without reaching maturity. this pulmonary arterial migration of the worms in the nude did not occur following thymic ...19826981266
population dynamics of angiostrongylus cantonensis during primary infections in rats.about 35% of angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae became patent adults irrespective of the dose used to establish primary infections in laboratory rats. worm growth and fecundity was depressed in infections from high compared with low doses of infective larvae. rats infected with up to 50 a. cantonensis larvae survived infection better than rats given greater numbers of larvae. the biology of a. cantonensis surviving in laboratory rats from single infections with 50 larvae for over a year was stud ...19827145479
localized distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis among wild rat populations in brisbane, australia. 19817344114
host-parasite relationship of angiostrongylus cantonensis. 2. angiotropic behaviour and abnormal site development.migratory young fifth-stage angiostrongylus cantonensis transplanted intracranially into recipient rats were found to reach the lungs 3-4 days later by randomly entering cerebral veins. however, worms which were transplanted close to extracranial veins such as the jugular and femoral veins, or into the pleural and peritoneal cavities failed to enter these blood vessels. third-stage larvae were capable of infecting rats via skin wounds. protease activity was not detected around young fifth and th ...19817210820
angiostrongylus cantonensis: rejection of pulmonary arterial transfers of lung stage worms. 19817461084
[finding of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the cerebrospinal fluid of a boy with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis]. 19817034073
[angiostrongylus cantonensis. intermediate hosts in the 2 havana provinces]. 19817038791
[bradybaena similaris (ferussac): intermediate host of angiostrongylus cantonensis in cuba]. 19817038796
immunodiagnosis of parasitic zoonoses: sensitivity and specificity of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness using nematode antigens purified by affinity chromatography.the sensitivity of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness using antigens purified by affinity chromatography, was greater than that of three serological tests and allowed the specific identification of dirofilaria immitis, toxocara canis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris lumbricoides in animals sensitized with parasite antigens, and the diagnosis of natural (d. immitis, t. canis and angiostrongylus cantonensis) and zoonotic nematode infections. lymphocytes remained viable in who ...19816168047
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in cuba, caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis.five cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis presumed to be caused by the rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis, are reported from localities in or near havana, cuba. the first typical case occurred in 1973. lungworms identified as a. cantonensis were found in rats from the same localities. the clinical picture in the cuban cases, as in cases from other countries, is that of a self-limiting disease without apparent sequelae.19817283014
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