Publications

nematicidal activity of trigonella foenum-graecum l.	the aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of trigonella foenum-graecum caused significant (p < 0.05) mortality of meloidogyne javanica larvae. the methanol soluble fraction eluted from pure distilled water showed the highest (>92%) nematicidal activity compared with the fractions eluted from pure methanol and different ratios of chloroform and methanol indicate that the nematicidal compound was polar in nature.	2001	11536387
mi-1.2 transcripts accumulate ubiquitously in resistant lycopersicon esculentum.	the tomato mi-1.2 gene confers resistance against both root-knot nematodes and the potato aphid. plants are resistant to nematodes early in root development. however, plants as old as 4 weeks are susceptible to aphid infestation. we monitored mi-1.2 expression at the transcriptional level in resistant (mi/mi) and susceptible (mi/mi) tomato cultivars by means of rt-pcr. mi-1.2 transcripts accumulated in seeds, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and green fruits of uninfected 10-week-old resistant pla ...	2001	19266006
biological control of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica by trichoderma harzianum.	abstract the fungal biocontrol agent, trichoderma harzianum, was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica. in greenhouse experiments, root galling was reduced and top fresh weight increased in nematode-infected tomatoes following soil pretreatment with trichoderma peat-bran preparations. the use of a proteinase prb1-transformed line (p-2) that contains multiple copies of this gene improved biocontrol activity in the greenhouse experiments compared with t ...	2001	18942999
host status of thirteen acacia species to meloidogyne javanica.	thirteen indigenous and exotic acacia species grown in saudi arabia were evaluated for their host status for meloidogyne javanica in pot tests both in the growth chamber and under outdoor conditions. in both experiments, 21-day-old seedlings were transplanted individually into 15-cm-diam. plastic pots containing a steam-sterilized mixture of equal parts loam and sandy loam. seedlings were inoculated with 5,000 m. javanica eggs/plant 30 days later. after 120 days, fresh root weight, disease index ...	2000	19271016
plant parasitic nematodes: habitats, hormones, and horizontally-acquired genes.	plant parasitic nematodes are ubiquitous and cosmopolitan pathogens of vascular plants and exploit all parts of the roots and shoots, causing substantial crop damage. nematodes deploy a broad spectrum of feeding strategies, ranging from simple grazing to the establishment of complex cellular structures (including galls) in host tissues. various models of feeding site formation have been proposed, and a role for phytohormones has long been speculated, although whether they perform a primary or se ...	2000	11038227
identification of mariner-like elements from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne spp.	the meloidogyne species are agriculturally important pests widespread in the world. these polyphagous endoparasitic nematodes possess an astonishing ability to bypass the plant resistance genes in few generations. however, the genes and mechanisms involved in this molecular determinism are not yet known. except cytogenetic and cytotaxonomic studies, few data are available concerning their genome. there is therefore an important need of molecular tools for genetic investigation of their virulence ...	2000	10779595
nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode.	abstract nematicidal activity of essential oils extracted from 27 spices and aromatic plants were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. twelve of the twenty-seven essential oils immobilized more than 80% of juveniles of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica at a concentration of 1,000 mul/liter. at this concentration, most of these oils also inhibited nematode hatching. essential oils of carum carvi, foeniculum vulgare, mentha rotundifolia, and mentha spicata showed the highest nemati ...	2000	18944489
effects of meloidogyne incognita on growth and storage-root formation of cassava (manihot esculenta).	two-node cuttings of cassava cultivar ss4 were inoculated with 1,000 infective juveniles of meloidogyne incognita at 1, 14, 40, 70, 88, and 127 days after planting (dap). plant growth and root damage were assessed at 150 dap. meloidogyne incognita significantly reduced the number of storageroots formed in plants inoculated at 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap and the total weight of storage-roots in plants inoculated at 1, 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap, compared to uninoculated plants. individual storage-root wei ...	2000	19270997
effect of mulch surface color on root-knot of tomato grown in simulated planting beds.	the effect of different-colored polyethylene mulches on quantity and spectra of reflected light, plant morphology, and root-knot disease was studied in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) grown in simulated planting beds. tomato plants were inoculated with meloidogyne incognita at initial populations (pi) of 0, 1,000, 10,000, or 50,000 eggs/plant, and grown in a greenhouse for 50 days over white, red, or black mulch. soil temperature was kept constant among the mulch treatments by placing an insula ...	2000	19270954
heat stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in scotch bonnet peppers ( capsicum chinense jacq.).	stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid &white) chitwood was determined in pepper (capsicum chinense jacq. and c. annuum l.) at 24, 28, and 32 degrees c. reactions of the c. annuum cultivars charleston belle and keystone resistant giant and the c. chinense cultigens pa-426 and pa-350 to m. incognita were compared. charleston belle is homozygous for the n gene that confers resistance to m. incognita in c. annuum, and keystone resistant giant is the susceptible recurrent parent of ...	2000	19270989
using microwave irradiation to improve preservation of female nematodes and gall tissues for tem observations.	microwave irradiation of glutaraldehyde-immersed samples was evaluated for the chemical fixation of 3-week-old galls that resulted from the infection of tomato roots (lycopersicon esculentum) by a root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the best results were obtained when vials containing the intact galls were immersed in buffered glutaraldehyde and irradiated for 10 seconds then allowed to cool for 30 seconds; this procedure was ...	2000	19270984
variability in time and space of meloidogyne incognita fall population density in cotton fields.	three cotton fields infested with meloidogyne incognita were intensively sampled in the fall for 3 years (1996 to 1998) to determine if intensive sampling for m. incognita, for which spatial location is important, was necessary every year in a continuous cotton system. two composite soil samples (20 cores each), taken over an area covering one-third of the field length and two rows wide, were averaged to represent that area (row-location combination). each field (except one) had 24 areas assayed ...	2000	19270975
nematicidal constituents of the aerial parts of lantana camara.	two new constituents, lantanoside (1) and lantanone (2), and the known compounds linaroside (3) and camarinic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of lantana camara. compounds 1, 3, and 4 were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and showed 90, 85, and 100% mortality, respectively, at 1.0% concentration. the results were comparable to those obtained with the conventional nematicide furadan (100% mortality at 1.0% concentration). structures of t ...	2000	10869197
species-dependent effects of border cell and root tip exudates on nematode behavior.	abstract effects of border cell and root tip exudates on root knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) behavior were examined. in whole-plant assays using pea, m. incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) accumulated rapidly around the 1- to 2-mm apical region ensheathed by border cells, but not in the region of elongation. within 15 to 30 min, j2 which had accumulated within detached clumps of border cells lost motility and entered into a quiescent state. when border cells (and associated root tip exu ...	2000	18944426
cloning and characterization of an extremely conserved satellite dna family from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria.	a new satellite dna family, named pmae, has been cloned from the genome of the phytoparasitic nematode, meloidogyne arenaria (nematoda: tylenchida). it is represented as tandemly repeated sequences with a monomeric unit of 172 bp. the monomers are present at approximately 15700 copies per haploid genome, and represent about 5.3% of the total genomic dna. twenty-seven independent monomers have been cloned and sequenced. the deduced consensus sequence is 70.9% a + t rich, with frequent stretches o ...	2000	10791824
rate response of 1,3-dichloropropene for nematode control in spring squash in deep sand soils.	the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) formulated with chloropicrin is viewed as a likely alternative for replacing methyl bromide in florida when the latter is phased out in 2005. therefore, it behooves us to learn more about using 1,3-d in deep, sand soils. two trials were conducted on spring squash to determine the most effective rate of 1,3-d for the control of meloidogyne spp. rates tested included 0, 56, 84, 112, and 168 liters/ha of 1,3-d applied broadcast with conventional chisels ...	2000	19271005
rapid identification of cyst (heterodera spp., globodera spp.) and root-knot (meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of its2 sequence variation detected by pcr-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) in cultures and field samples.	cyst and root-knot nematodes show high levels of gross morphological similarity. this presents difficulties for the study of their ecology in natural ecosystems. in this study, cyst and root-knot nematode species, as well as some ectoparasitic nematode species, were identified using the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) sequence variation detected by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp). the its2 region was sufficiently variable within the taxa i ...	2000	10972762
biochemical characterization of mi-eng1, a family 5 endoglucanase secreted by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	a beta-1,4-endoglucanase named mi-eng1, homologous to the family 5 glycoside hydrolases, was previously isolated from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. we describe here the detection of the enzyme in the nematode homogenate and secretion and its complete biochemical characterization. this study is the first comparison of the enzymatic properties of an animal glycoside hydrolase with plant and microbial enzymes. mi-eng1 shares many enzymatic properties with known endog ...	2000	10824111
phenotypic and genetic characterization of paecilomyces lilacinus strains with biocontrol activity against root-knot nematodes.	efficient selection of fungi for biological control of nematodes requires a series of screening assays. assessment of genetic diversity in the candidate species maximizes the variety of the isolates tested and permits the assignment of a particular genotype with high nematophagous potential using a rapid novel assay. molecular analyses also facilitate separation between isolates, allowing the identification of proprietary strains and trace biocontrol strains in the environment. the resistance of ...	2000	11006837
molecular cloning and characterisation of a venom allergen ag5-like cdna from meloidogyne incognita.	rna fingerprinting was used to identify rnas that were expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita, but absent from or reduced in preparasitic second-stage juveniles. a cdna encoding a putative secretory protein was cloned from a m. incognita second-stage juvenile cdna library by probing with a 0.5kb fragment derived from fingerprinting that was more strongly expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles. the cdna, named mi-msp-1, contained an open reading frame encodi ...	2000	10675748
the broad-spectrum tospovirus resistance gene sw-5 of tomato is a homolog of the root-knot nematode resistance gene mi.	we used a positional cloning approach to isolate the sw-5 disease resistance locus of tomato. complementation experiments with overlapping cosmid clones enabled us to demonstrate that sw-5 is a single gene locus capable of recognizing several tospovirus isolates and species. analysis of the predicted sw-5 protein suggests that it is a cytoplasmic protein, with a potential nucleotide binding site (nbs) domain and a c-terminal end consisting of leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). based on its structural ...	2000	11043474
population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria,and other nematodes and crop yields in rotations of cotton, peanut, and wheat under minimum tillage.	wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. the cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. the population densities of meloidogyne spp. and helicotylenchus dihystera w ...	2000	19270949
efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis, paecilomyces marquandii,and streptomyces costaricanus with and without organic amendments against meloidogyne hapla infecting lettuce.	chitin, wheat mash, or brewery compost were incorporated into unfumigated and methyl bromide-fumigated organic soils placed in microplots formed from cylindrical drainage tiles (0.25 m-diam. clay tile). after 3 weeks, meloidogyne hapla and cell or spore suspensions of bacillus thuringiensis, paecilomyces marquandii, and streptomyces costaricanus were individually added to the soils of designated microplots. a b. thuringiensis + s. costaricanus combination was also tested. lettuce seedlings, cv. ...	2000	19270951
extraction and purification of pasteuria spp. endospores.	pasteuria penetrans is an endospore-forming bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes that has potential as a biological control agent. biochemical investigations of p. penetrans are limited because of difficulty in obtaining large quantities of endospores free of plant debris and contaminating microorganisms. our objective was to develop a technique for extraction and purification of p. penetrans endospores from root-knot nematodes. tomato roots infected with meloidogyne arenaria that was paras ...	2000	19270952
hirsutella rhossiliensisand verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla on lettuce.	hirsutella rhossiliensis and verticillium chlamydosporium infected second-stage juveniles (j2) and eggs of meloidogyne hapla, respectively, in petri dishes and in organic soil in pots planted to lettuce in the greenhouse. in vitro, h. rhossiliensis produced 78 to 124 spores/infected j2 of m. hapla. the number of j2 in roots of lettuce seedlings decreased exponentially with increasing numbers of vegetative colonies of h. rhossiliensis in the soil. at an infestation of 8 m. hapla eggs/cm(3) soil, ...	2000	19270953
effects of potato-cotton cropping systems and nematicides on plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields.	belonolaimus longicaudatus has been reported as damaging both potato (solanum tuberosum) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). these crops are not normally grown in cropping systems together in areas where the soil is infested with b. longicaudatus. during the 1990s cotton was grown in a potato production region that was a suitable habitat for b. longicaudatus. it was not known how integrating the production of these two crops by rotation or double-cropping would affect the population densities of b. ...	2000	19270980
control of meloidogyne chitwoodi in potato with fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides.	during 1993-94, several fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides were tested alone and in combination at various rates for control of columbia root-knot nematode (meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato. ethoprop, oxamyl, or metam sodium alone did not adequately reduce tuber infection. metam sodium plus ethoprop reduced culled tubers to 3%, and metam sodium plus 2 or 3 foliar applications of oxamyl reduced culls to </=10% in all but one instance. fosthiazate provided excellent control of tuber infection wi ...	2000	19271010
a pathotype system to describe intraspecific variation in pathogenicity of meloidogyne chitwoodi.	tests of eight dutch meloidogyne chitwoodi isolates to the differential set for host races 1 and 2 in m. chitwoodi provided no evidence for the existence of host race 2 in the netherlands. the data showed deviations from expected reactions on the differential hosts, which raised doubts of the usefulness of the host race classification in m. chitwoodi. the term ''pathotype'' is proposed for groups of isolates of one meloidogyne sp. that exhibit the same level of pathogenicity on genotypes of one ...	1999	19270911
host suitability of potential cover crops for root-knot nematodes.	several potential cover crops were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. incognita race 1, and m. javanica in a series of five greenhouse experiments. no galls or egg masses were observed on roots of castor (ricinus communis), cowpea (vigna unguiculata cv. iron clay), crotalaria (crotalaria spectabilis), or american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana). occasional egg masses (rating </=1.0 on 0-5 scale) were observed on marigold (tagetes minuta) in one test with m. ...	1999	19270926
genetics and mechanism of resistance to meloidogyne arenaria in peanut germplasm.	segregation of resistance to meloidogyne arenaria in six bcf peanut breeding populations was examined in greenhouse tests. chi-square analysis indicated that segregation of resistance was consistent with resistance being conditioned by a single gene in three breeding populations (tp259-3, tp262-3, and tp271-2), whereas two resistance genes may be present in the breeding populations tp259-2, tp263-2, and tp268-3. nematode development in clonally propagated lines of resistant individuals of tp262- ...	1999	19270898
bahiagrass, corn, cotton rotations, and pesticides for managing nematodes, diseases, and insects on peanut.	florunner peanut was grown after 1 and 2 years of tifton 9 bahiagrass, corn, cotton, and continuous peanut as whole-plots. pesticide treatments aldicarb (3.4 kg a.i./ha), flutolanil (1.7 kg a.i./ha), aldicarb + flutolanil, and untreated (control) were sub-plots. numbers of meloidogyne arenaria second-stage juveniles in the soil and root-gall indices of peanut at harvest were consistently lower in plots treated with aldicarb and aldicarb + flutolanil than in flutolanil-treated and untreated plots ...	1999	19270889
plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: effects on pratylenchus vulnus and meloidogyne javanica.	more than 500 plant species, used alone or in combination, are documented in chinese traditional medicine to have activity against helminth and micro-invertebrate pests of humans. we subjected 153 candidate medicines or their plant sources to multilevel screening for effectiveness against plant-parasitic nematodes. for extracts effective in preliminary screens, we determined time-course and concentration-response relationships. seventy-three of the aqueous extracts of medicines or their plant so ...	1999	19270895
effects of fluctuating temperatures and different host plants on development of pasteuria penetrans in meloidogyne javanica.	greenhouse and growth room experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of host plant in relation to different nematode inoculum levels, and temperature fluctuations on the development of pasteuria penetrans. host plant affected the development of p. penetrans indirectly through its effect on nematode development. endospores collected from meloidogyne javanica females reared on different hosts did not show any differences in subsequent attachment and infectivity. the numbers of endospore ...	1999	19270902
meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. (nemata: meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitic on petunia in brazil.	meloidogyne petuniae n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitic on petunia (petunia hybrida l.) in brasilia, brazil. the perineal pattern of the female is elongate to ovoid with a high, squarish arch and widely spaced, coarse striae. the stylet of the female is 12.9-16.5 microm long and has three small, rounded knobs that are distinctly set off from the shaft. each knob is marked by a deep longitudinal indentation posteriorly and anteriorly. in sem the base of the shaft appears ...	1999	19270879
in-vitro assays of meloidogyne incognita and heterodera glycines for detection of nematode-antagonistic fungal compounds.	in-vitro methods were developed to test fungi for production of metabolites affecting nematode egg hatch and mobility of second-stage juveniles. separate assays were developed for two nematodes: root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines). for egg hatch to be successfully assayed, eggs must first be surface-disinfested to avoid the confounding effects of incidental microbial growth facilitated by the fungal culture medium. sodium hypochlorite was mo ...	1999	19270887
phylogenetic analysis of pasteuria penetrans by 16s rrna gene cloning and sequencing.	pasteuria penetrans is an endospore-forming bacterial parasite of meloidogyne spp. this organism is among the most promising agents for the biological control of root-knot nematodes. in order to establish the phylogenetic position of this species relative to other endospore-forming bacteria, the 16s ribosomal genes from two isolates of p. penetrans, p-20, which preferentially infects m. arenaria race 1, and p-100, which preferentially infects m. incognita and m. javanica, were pcr-amplified from ...	1999	19270903
suppression of meloidogyne hapla and its damage to lettuce grown in a mineral soil amended with chitin and biocontrol organisms.	chitin was used as soil amendment in fiberglass field microplots, alone or with one or a combination of two to three species of hirsutella rhossiliensis, paecilomyces marquandii, verticillium chlamydosporium, bacillus thuringiensis, and streptomyces costaricanus. sudangrass and rapeseed were planted as cover crops and incorporated into soil as green manure amendments. chitin amendment alone increased the marketable yield of lettuce in 1995 and reduced root-galling ratings and the reproduction of ...	1999	19270942
fosthiazate controls meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita in flue-cured tobacco.	the nematicide fosthiazate was evaluated over a 3-year period for management of meloidogyne incognita race 3 (site 1) and m. arenaria race 2 (site 2) in flue-cured tobacco. fosthiazate was applied broadcast and incorporated at rates ranging from 22 to 88 g a.i./100 m(2), and compared with the nematicides fenamiphos (67 g a.i./100 m(2)), 1,3-d (56.1 l/ha, 670 ml/100-m row), and an untreated control. root-gall indices and leaf yields were averaged over the 3-year period. root galling was negativel ...	1999	19270938
greenhouse studies on the effect of marigolds (tagetes spp.) on four meloidogyne species.	the effects of preplanted marigold on tomato root galling and multiplication of meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. arenaria, and m. hapla were studied. marigold cultivars of tagetes patula, t. erecta, t. signata, and a tagetes hybrid all reduced galling and numbers of second-stage juveniles in subsequent tomato compared to the tomato-tomato control. all four meloidogyne spp. reproduced on t. signata 'tangerine gem'. several cultivars of t. patula and t. erecta suppressed galling and reproduc ...	1999	19270876
specific diagnosis of two root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne chitwoodi and m. fallax, with satellite dna probes.	abstract meloidogyne chitwoodi and m. fallax are serious pests of potato, and both species have been recently designated as quarantine organisms in the european community and in canada. the sympatric and less damaging species m. hapla is often found associated with both of them under temperate climates. here, we describe the use of satellite dna (satdna) sequences previously isolated from these three root-knot nematode species for the development of specific diagnostic procedures. in dot-blot ex ...	1999	18944750
genetic analysis of resistance to meloidogyne chitwoodi introgressed from solanum hougasii into cultivated potato.	an accession of solanum hougasii, a wild tuber-bearing potato species native to mexico, was found to be resistant to races 1 and 2 of meloidogyne chitwoodi. a resistant selection was selfed and its progeny possessed the same combined resistance uniformly. a selected resistant seedling from the selfed progeny was crossed to cultivated tetraploid potato (s. tuberosum) to form an f hybrid, and was backcrossed to cultivated tetraploid potato to form a bc population in which resistance to the two rac ...	1999	19270896
effect of temperature on and histopathology of the interaction between meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola on cotton.	abstract controlled environments were used to study the relationship between the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and thielaviopsis basicola on cotton. temperature treatments were continuous 20, 24, and 28 degrees c or two cyclic linear regimes with ranges of 14 to 32 or 18 to 28 degrees c over 24 h. cotton seeds were planted in fumigated soil infested with t. basicola, m. incognita, or both. after 42 days, pathogen effects on plant growth and pathogen development were evaluated. histo ...	1999	18944671
carbon partitioning in soybean infected with meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica.	seven-day-old seedlings of two cultivars (cristalina and ufv itm1) of glycine max were inoculated with 0, 3,000, 9,000, or 27,000 eggs of meloidogyne incognita race 3 or m. javanica and maintained in a greenhouse. thirty days later, plants were exposed to (1)co for 4 hours. twenty hours after (1)co exposure, the root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, nematode eggs per gram of root, total and specific radioactivity of carbohydrates in roots, and root carbohydrate content were evaluated. meloidogyne ...	1999	19270907
reproduction and development of meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica on guardian peach rootstock.	guardian peach rootstock was evaluated for susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita race 3 (georgia-peach isolate) and m. javanica in the greenhouse. both commercial guardian seed sources produced plants that were poor hosts of m. incognita and m. javanica. reproduction as measured by number of egg masses and eggs per plant, eggs per egg mass, and eggs per gram of root were a better measure of host resistance than number of root galls per plant. penetration, development, and reproduction of m. in ...	1999	19270905
comparison of variable and single-rate applications of aldicarb on cotton yield in fields infested with meloidogyne incognita.	variable-rate applications of the nematicide aldicarb were compared to producer standard rates in eight field tests over 3 years. test areas (308 to 1,015 m long) were divided into eight or five blocks. each block contained two plots with a variable-rate treatment (vrt) of aldicarb and a producer standard treatment (pst) of aldicarb. each vrt plot was divided into three subunits and intensively sampled for meloidogyne incognita in either the fall or spring before planting. rates of aldicarb were ...	1999	19270939
evaluation of dry ice as a potential cryonematicide for meloidogyne incognita in soil.	solid co (dry ice) was added to pots containing soil that was infested either with eggs of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, or with tomato (lycopersicon esculentum 'rutgers') root fragments that were infected with various stages of the nematode. two hours after dry ice was added, thermocouples in the soil recorded temperatures ranging from -15 degrees c to -59 degrees c. one day after treatment with the dry ice, the temperature of the soil was allowed to equilibrate with that of th ...	1999	19270918
isolation of a cdna encoding a beta-1,4-endoglucanase in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and expression analysis during plant parasitism.	a beta-1,4-endoglucanase encoding cdna (egases, e.c. 3.2.1.4), named mi-eng-1, was cloned from meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (j2). the deduced amino acid sequence contains a catalytic domain and a cellulose-binding domain separated by a linker. in m. incognita, the gene is transcribed in the migratory j2, in males, and in the sedentary adult females. in pre-parasitic j2, endoglucanase transcripts are located in the cytoplasm of the subventral esophageal glands. the presence of bet ...	1999	10478479
effects of a resistant corn hybrid and fenamiphos on meloidogyne incognita in a corn-squash rotation.	the efficacy of a double-cross corn (zea mays) hybrid (old raccoon selection x t216) x (tebeau selection x mp 307) resistant to meloidogyne incognita as a rotational crop, and fenamiphos treatment for management of root-knot nematode (m. incognita race 1) in squash (cucurbita pepo var. melopepo) was evaluated in field tests during 1996 and 1997. numbers of m. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were lower on the resistant hybrid than on a commercial cultivar dekalb dk-683. treatment mean ...	1999	19270888
rhizosphere colonization and control of meloidogyne spp. by nematode-trapping fungi.	the ability of nematode-trapping fungi to colonize the rhizosphere of crop plants has been suggested to be an important factor in biological control of root-infecting nematodes. in this study, rhizosphere colonization was evaluated for 38 isolates of nematode-trapping fungi representing 11 species. in an initial screen, arthrobotrys dactyloides, a. superba, and monacrosporium ellipsosporum were most frequently detected in the tomato rhizosphere. in subsequent pot experiments these fungi and the ...	1999	19270886
molecular cloning of an acetylcholinesterase gene from the plant parasitic nematodes, meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica.	a gene encoding a protein with strong homology with caenorhabditis elegans and c. briggsae acetylcholinesterase ace-1 was cloned from meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica pre-parasitic juveniles. both cdnas have an orf of 1968 bp for a deduced translation product of 656 amino acid residues. the key residues essential to acetylcholinesterase (ache) structure and function are conserved in both sequences. m. incognita and m. javanica ache share a homology of 98.8% at the amino acid level and 97% a ...	1999	10340488
local and systemic induced resistance to the root-knot nematode in tomato by dl-beta-amino-n-butyric acid.	abstract chemical inducers of pathogenesis-related proteins and plant resistance were applied to tomato plants, with the aim of inducing resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica. relative to control plants, foliar spray and soil-drenching with dl-beta-amino-n-butyric acid (baba) reduced root-galling 7 days after inoculation, as well as the number of eggs 30 days after inoculation. other chemicals (alpha- and gamma-amino-n-butyric acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicy ...	1999	18944637
methylene group modifications of the n-(isothiazol-5-yl)phenylacetamides. synthesis and insecticidal activity.	it has been shown that oxidation at the alpha-carbon of n-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)-2-[p-[(alpha,alpha, alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]phenyl]acetamide (1) is conveniently brought about using dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to give n-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)-beta-(dimethylamino)-p-[(alpha, alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]atropamide (2), which has served as a common starting point for a variety of functional group transformations. these transformations were found to proceed in ...	1999	10552661
utility of mi gene resistance in tomato to manage meloidogyne javanica in north florida.	three field trials were conducted to determine response of meloidogyne javanica to tomato cultivars containing the mi gene for resistance in sequential tests. trials were conducted in spring and fall 1997 and spring 1998 on the same site. tomatoes were grown on polyethylene mulch at a site initially treated with methyl bromide and then infested with m. javanica via drip tubing. cultivars with the mi gene were 'psr 8991994' and 'sanibel', and susceptible cultivars were 'colonial' and 'agriset 761 ...	1999	19270941
cloning and characterization of an esophageal-gland-specific chorismate mutase from the phytoparasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica.	root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that alter plant cell growth and development by inducing the formation of giant feeder cells. it is thought that nematodes inject secretions from their esophageal glands into plant cells while feeding, and that these secretions cause giant cell formation. to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the formation of giant cells, a strategy was developed to clone esophageal gland genes from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica. one clone, shown to ...	1999	10188271
root-knot nematode resistance genes in tomato and their potential for future use.	the gene mi, which confers resistance to several species of root-knot nematode, is present in many modern tomato cultivars. recent cloning of this gene revealed that it encodes a member of the plant resistance protein family characterized by the presence of a putative nucleotide binding site and a leucine-rich repeat. analysis of transgenic plants revealed the unexpected result that mi also confers resistance to potato aphids. although highly effective in many conditions, mi fails to confer resi ...	1998	15012501
nematode-trapping fungi in organic and conventional cropping systems.	abstract nematode-trapping fungi, nematodes, and microbial biomass were quantified in conventionally and organically managed field plots in the sustainable agriculture farming systems project at the university of california at davis. there were four replicate plots (0.135 ha per plot) for each management system, and plots were sampled three times each year for 2 years. the hypothesis that nematode-trapping fungi would be more abundant in organically managed plots was partially supported: the num ...	1998	18944958
genetic and physical localization of the root-knot nematode resistance locus mi in tomato.	as part of a map-based cloning strategy designed to isolate the root-knot nematode resistance gene mi, tomato f2 populations were analyzed in order to identify recombination points close to this economically important gene. a total of 21,089 f2 progeny plants were screened using morphological markers. an additional 1887 f2 were screened using pcr-based flanking markers. fine-structure mapping of recombinants with newly developed aflp markers, and rflp markers derived from physically mapped cosmi ...	1998	9520273
evidence for a dosage effect of the mi gene on partially virulent isolates of meloidogyne javanica.	the reproduction of single egg-mass isolates of meloidogyne javanica from crete that differed in virulence were compared on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes homozygous or heterozygous for the mi gene. the reproduction of three isolates with partial virulence was much greater on tomato genotypes heterozygous for the mi gene (cultivars scala, bermuda, and 7353) than on two homozygous genotypes (f8 inbred lines derived from scala). the reproduction of a highly virulent isolate on the homo ...	1998	19274201
degradation of fenamiphos in agricultural production soil.	nematicides are used to control a wide variety of nematodes on many crops; unfortunately, oftentimes the control they provide is erratic. this erratic behavior is not always predictable and has been associated with chemical, physical, and biological degradation of nematicides. their accelerated degradation is an agricultural problem that has been observed in crop monocultures and in other crop production systems where a biodegradable compound is repeatedly applied to the same soil. the problem c ...	1998	19274197
reducing meloidogyne incognita injury to cucumber in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system.	the effects of a root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar and application of the nematicide ethoprop on root-knot nematode injury to cucumber were compared in a tomato-cucumber double-cropping system. a root-knot nematode-resistant tomato cultivar, celebrity, and a susceptible cultivar, heatwave, were grown in rotation with cucumber in 1995 and 1996. celebrity suppressed populations of meloidogyne incognita in the soil and resulted in a low root-gall rating on the subsequent cucumber crop. n ...	1998	19274214
potential of foliar, dip, and injection applications of avermectins for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.	studies were conducted to determine the potential of two avermectin compounds, abamectin and emamectin benzoate, for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes when applied by three methods: foliar spray, root dip, and pseudostem injection. experiments were conducted against meloidogyne incognita on tomato, m. javanica on banana, and radopholus similis on banana. foliar applications of both avermectins to banana and tomato were not effective for controlling any of the nematodes evaluated. root dips o ...	1998	19274200
the tomato mi-1 gene confers resistance to both root-knot nematodes and potato aphids.	mi-1, a lycopersicon peruvianum gene conferring resistance to the agricultural pests, root-knot nematodes, and introgressed into tomato, has been cloned using a selective restriction fragment amplification based strategy. complementation analysis of a susceptible tomato line with a 100 kb cosmid array yielded a single cosmid clone capable of conferring resistance both to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and to an unrelated pathogen, the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae. this resis ...	1998	9853621
rpe, a plant gene involved in early developmental steps of nematode feeding cells.	sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are able to induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate nematode feeding sites (nfss). we have isolated by promoter trapping an arabidopsis thaliana gene that is essential for the early steps of nfs formation induced by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. its pattern of expression is similar to that of key regulators of the cell cycle, but it is not observed with the cyst nematode. later in nfs development, this gene is induced by b ...	1998	9843485
unusual and strongly structured sequence variation in a complex satellite dna family from the nematode meloidogyne chitwoodi.	an alui satellite dna family has been isolated in the genome of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne chitwoodi. this repeated sequence was shown to be present at approximately 11,400 copies per haploid genome, and represents about 3.5% of the total genomic dna. nineteen monomers were cloned and sequenced. their length ranged from 142 to 180 bp, and their a + t content was high (from 65.7 to 79.1%), with frequent runs of as and ts. an unexpected heterogeneity in primary structure was observed betwe ...	1998	9452524
fungi parasitic on juveniles and egg masses of meloidogyne hapla in organic soils from new york.	fungi associated with egg masses and juveniles of meloidogyne hapla were isolated from organic soil samples obtained from five fields planted to lettuce or onion in newyork. the soil samples were placed in sterilized clay pots, infested with m. hapla, and planted to lettuce. after 4 months, egg masses and juveniles were surface-disinfested, plated on water agar, and examined for fungal infection. depending on the soil sample, fungal isolates were recovered from 13% to 30%, and from 5% to 24% of ...	1998	19274258
a new alui satellite dna in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne fallax: relationships with satellites from the sympatric species m. hapla and m. chitwoodi.	a highly abundant satellite dna comprising 20% of the meloidogyne fallax (nematoda, tylenchida) genome was cloned and sequenced. the satellite monomer is 173 bp long and has a high a + t content of 72.3%, with frequent runs of a's and t's. the sequence variability of the monomers is 2.7%, mainly due to random distribution of single-point mutations. a search for evidence of internal repeated subunits in the monomer sequence revealed a 6-bp motif (aaattt) for which five degenerated repeats, differ ...	1998	9729876
a secretory cellulose-binding protein cdna cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita).	a cdna encoding a secretory cellulose-binding protein was cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) with rna fingerprinting. the putative full-length cdna, named mi-cpb-1, encoded a 203 amino acid protein containing an n-terminal secretion signal peptide. the c-terminal sequence of the putative mi-cbp-1 was similar to a bacterial-type cellulose-binding domain, whereas the n-terminal sequence did not show significant similarity to any proteins in data bases. recombinant mi-cbp-1 ...	1998	9768512
characterization of lemir, a root-knot nematode-induced gene in tomato with an encoded product secreted from the root.	a tomato gene that is induced early after infection of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) with root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne javanica) encodes a protein with 54% amino acid identity to miraculin, a flavorless protein that causes sour substances to be perceived as sweet. this gene was therefore named lemir (l. esculentum miraculin). sequence similarity places the encoded protein in the soybean trypsin-inhibitor family (kunitz). lemir mrna is found in root, hypocotyl, and flower tissues, wi ...	1998	9733543
the root knot nematode resistance gene mi from tomato is a member of the leucine zipper, nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat family of plant genes.	the mi locus of tomato confers resistance to root knot nematodes. tomato dna spanning the locus was isolated as bacterial artificial chromosome clones, and 52 kb of contiguous dna was sequenced. three open reading frames were identified with similarity to cloned plant disease resistance genes. two of them, mi-1.1 and mi-1.2, appear to be intact genes; the third is a pseudogene. a 4-kb mrna hybridizing with these genes is present in tomato roots. complementation studies using cloned copies of mi- ...	1998	9707531
pathogenicity of pratylenchus penetrans, heterodera glycines, and meloidogyne incognita on soybean genotypes.	the pathogenicity of heterodera glycines, meloidogyne incognita, and pratylenchus penetrans on h. glycines-resistant 'bryan,' tolerant-susceptible 'g88-20092,' and intolerant-susceptible 'tracy m' soybean cultivars was tested using plants grown in 800 cm(3) of soil in 15-cm-diam. clay pots in three greenhouse experiments. plants were inoculated with 0, 1,000, 3,000, or 9,000 h. glycines race 3 or m. incognita eggs, or vermiform stages of p. penetrans/pot. forty days after inoculation, nmnbers of ...	1998	19274203
peanut-cotton-rye rotations and soil chemical treatment for managing nematodes and thrips.	in the southeastern united states, a cotton-peanut rotation is attractive because of the high value and extensive planting of both crops in the region. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of cotton-peanut rotations, rye, and soil chemical treatments on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, thrips, and soilborne fungal diseases and on crop yield. peanut-cotton-rye rotations were conducted from 1988 to 1994 on tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) infested primarily ...	1998	19274213
review of pasteuria penetrans: biology, ecology, and biological control potential.	pasteuria penetrans is a mycelial, endospore-forming, bacterial parasite that has shown great potential as a biological control agent of root-knot nematodes. considerable progress has been made during the last 10 years in understanding its biology and importance as an agent capable of effectively suppressing root-knot nematodes in field soil. the objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the biology, ecology, and biological control potential of p. penetrans and other past ...	1998	19274225
crop yields and nematode population densities in triticale-cotton and triticale-soybean rotations.	triticale cv. beagle 82, cotton cv. mcnair 235, and soybean cv. twiggs were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage for 4 years. the cropping sequences were triticale (t)-cotton (c)-t-c, t-soybean (s)-t-s, and t-c-t-s. numbers of meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles declined on trificale but increased on cotton and soybean each year. root-gall indices of c ...	1998	19274228
resistance to root-knot, reniform, and soybean cyst nematodes in selected soybean breeding lines.	soybean breeding lines and reported sources of nematode resistance were evaluated in repeated greenhouse tests for resistance to north carolina populations of the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines, reniform nematode rotylenchulus reniformis, and the root-knot nematode species meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria, and m. arenaria. lines from the soybean breeding program in missouri that had 'hartwig' soybean as a parent were the most resistant to races 1-4 of the soybean cyst nematode and t ...	1998	19274243
velvetbean and bahiagrass as rotation crops for management of meloidogyne spp. and heterodera glycines in soybean.	soybean (glycine max) yield often is limited by the phytoparasitic nematodes meloidogyne spp. and heterodera glycines in the southeastern united states. we studied the effects of rotation with bahiagrass (paspalum notatum), velvetbean (mucuna pruiens), or continuous soybean, aldicarb, and soybean cultivar on yield and population densities in two fields infested with a mixture of meloidogyne spp. and h. glycines. velvetbean and bahiagrass reduced population levels of both nematode species to near ...	1998	19274247
effect of castor and velvetbean organic amendments on meloidogyne arenaria in greenhouse experiments.	effectiveness of castor (ricinus communis) and velvetbean (mucuna deeringiana) amendments was tested for suppression of the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) and growth of okra (hibiscus esculentus) in three greenhouse experiments. regression analysis was used to relate nematode population data or plant growth responses to various rates (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 g/560 cm(3) soil pot) of each amendment in separate experiments. in general, plant growth parameters responded positively to the amendm ...	1998	19274257
effect of meloidogyne arenaria and mulch type on okra in microplot experiments.	the effects of perennial peanut (arachis glabrata) hay, an aged yard-waste compost (mainly woodchips), and a control treatment without amendment were determined on two population levels of root-knot (melaidogyne arenaria) nematode over three consecutive years in field microplots. okra (hibiscus esculentus, susceptible to the root-knot nematode) and a rye (secale cereale) cover crop (poor nematode host) were used in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. the organic amendment treatments aff ...	1998	19274256
resistance of interspecific arachis breeding lines to meloidogyne javanica and an undescribed meloidogyne species.	resistance to a peanut-parasitic population of meloidogyne javanica and an undescribed meloidogyne sp. in peanut breeding lines selected for resistance to meloidogyne javanica was examined in greenhouse tests. the interspecific hybrid txag-7 was resistant to reproduction of meloidogyne javanica, m. javanica, and meloidogyne sp. an meloidogyne javanica-resistant selection from the second backcross (bc) of txag-7 to the susceptible cultivar florunner also was resistant to m. javanica but appeared ...	1998	19274226
high-resolution dna fingerprinting of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes using aflp analysis.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis has been used to characterize 15 root-knot nematode populations belonging to the three parthenogenetic species meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita and m. javanica. sixteen primer combinations were used to generate aflp patterns, with a total number of amplified fragments ranging from 872 to 1087, depending on the population tested. two kinds of polymorphic dna fragments could be distinguished: bands amplified in a single genotype, and bands p ...	1998	9465419
damage functions for three meloidogyne species on arachis hypogaea in texas.	the yield response of florunner peanut to different initial population (pi) densities of meloidogyne arenaria, m. javanica, and an undescribed meloidogyne species (isolate 93-13a) was determined in microplots in 1995 and 1996. seven pi's (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 eggs and j2/500 cm(3) soil) were used for each meloidogyne species in both years. the three species reproduced abundantly on florunner in both years. in 1995, mean reproduction differed among the three species; mean rf values were ...	1997	19274184
effects of temperature on resistance in phaseolus vulgaris genotypes and on development of meloidogyne species.	phaseolus vulgaris lines with heat-stable resistance to meloidogyne spp. may be needed to manage root-knot nematodes in tropical regions. resistance expression before and during the process of nematode penetration and development in resistant genotypes were studied at pre- and postinoculation temperatures of 24 degrees c and 24 degrees c, 24 degrees c and 28 degrees c, 28 degrees c and 24 degrees c, and 28 degrees c and 28 degrees c. resistance was effective at all temperature regimes examined, ...	1997	19274137
comparison of sequences from the ribosomal dna intergenic region of meloidogyne mayaguensis and other major tropical root-knot nematodes.	the unusual arrangement of the 5s ribosomal gene within the intergenic sequence (igs) of the ribosomal cistron, previously reported for meloidogyne arenaria, was also found in the ribosomal dna of two other economically important species of tropical root-knot nematodes, m, incognita and m. javanica. this arrangement also was found in m. hapla, which is important in temperate regions, and m. mayaguensis, a virulent species of concern in west africa. amplification of the region between the 5s and ...	1997	19274129
resistance to both cyst and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin.	plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. the approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. a modified rice cystatin, oc-i delta d86, expressed as a transgene in arabidopsis thaliana, has a profound effect on the size and fecundity of females for both heterodera schachtii (beet-cyst nematode) and meloidogyne inco ...	1997	9301094
are pathogenesis-related proteins induced by meloidogne javanica or heterodera avenae lnvasion?	changes in root- and leaf-soluble proteins were investigated in tomato after invasion by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica, or in barley and wheat after invasion by the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae. infection of susceptible tomato plants by m. javanica did not cause any change in the soluble-protein composition of leaves or roots compared with uninoculated plants at an early infection stage. no pathogenesis-related proteins (chitinase, glucanase, or p-14) were induced in the ...	1997	19274187
phylogenetic analysis of nematodes of the genus pratylenchus using nuclear 26s rdna.	we used nucleotide sequences of the large subunit ribosomal genes (26s rdna) to examine evolutionary relationships among species of the genus pratylenchus (order: tylenchida, family: pratylenchidae), commonly known as root-lesion nematodes. ten species of pratylenchus were studied including, p. penetrans, p. crenatus, p. minyus, p. vulnus, p. thornei, p. musicola, p. coffeae, p. hexincisus, p. scribneri, and p. brachyurus. the species hirschmanniella belli, meloidogyne javanica, heterorhabditis ...	1997	9007024
extraction of root-associated meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis.	a technique based on physical maceration of root tissue was developed to extract vermiform and swollen stages of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis. experiments conducted on soybean and tomato evaluated the efficiency of method (stir, grind), naoc1 concentration (0%, 0.5%), and duration (lx, 2x) on extraction of nematodes and eggs from 60-day-old populations. root-associated populations of r. reniformis were considerably lower than those of m. incognita, so development of the met ...	1997	19274151
temperature-dependent development of pasteuria penetrans in meloidogyne arenaria.	pasteuria penetrans is a promising biological control agent of plant-parasitic nematodes. this study was conducted to determine effects of temperature on the bacterium's development in meloidogyne arenaria. developmental stages of p. penetrans were viewed with a compound microscope and verified with scanning electron microscopy within each nematode at 100 accumulated degree-day intervals by tracking accumulated degree-days at three temperatures (21, 28, and 35 degrees c). five predominant develo ...	1997	19274154
minimal growth temperature of pasteuria penetrans.	pasteuria penetrans is an obligate, mycelial, and endospore-forming bacterial parasite of meloidogyne spp. with promise for the management of root-knot nematodes. our objective was to use regression analysis of developmental time (days) to various temperatures to determine the minimal temperature for growth and development of p. penetrans in meloidogyne spp. the data set for regression originated from a previously published report. the data fit well to hyperbolic equations. for various developme ...	1997	19274263
host range and distribution of the clover root-knot nematode, meloidogyne trifoliophila.	the ability of meloidogyne trifoliophila to gall 230 species and cultivars of plants was determined in a greenhouse. all clovers (trifolium spp.) were severely galled regardless of species or cultivar. most soybean cultivars were moderately to severely galled. among other legumes, broad bean, garden pea, korean lespedeza, sweetclover, and common vetch were good hosts, but alfalfa, bird's-foot trefoil, peanut, and pole bean were poor or nonhosts. among other plant families, most apiaceae (umbelli ...	1997	19274266
evaluation of 15 trifolium spp. and of medicago sativa as hosts of four meloidogyne spp. found in new zealand.	the predominant root-knot nematode in new zealand pastures is meloidogyne trifoliophila, identified until recently as m. hapla. clarification was needed on the host range of these two species on legumes found in new zealand pastures and on clover species closely related to trifolium repens. in a greenhouse test, 15 trifolium spp. and medicago sativa were inoculated with eggs of m. trifoliophila, m. hapla, m. incognita, or m. javanica. all legumes tested were hosts to some degree to each of the r ...	1997	19274267
nematicidal activity of fatty acid esters on soybean cyst and root-knot nematodes.	researchers have indicated that the c fatty acid, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), has considerable nematicidal activity that could be increased by derivitization and improved emulsification. microemulsions of methyl and ethylene glycol esters of pelargonic acid developed by mycogen corporation (san diego, ca) were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes. all treamaents were compared to a deionized water control and a microemulsion "blank" (minus active ingre ...	1997	19274268
coastal bermudagrass rotation and fallow for management of nematodes and soilborne fungi on vegetable crops.	the efficacy of clean fallow, bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) as a rotational crop, and fenamiphos for control of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (hibiscus esculentus), snapbean (phaseolus vulgaris), and pepper (capsicum annuum) production was evaluated in field tests from 1993 to 1995. numbers of m. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra than on snapbean or pepper. application of fenamiphos at 6.7 kg a.i./ha did not suppres ...	1997	19274273
response of meloidogyne spp., heterodera glycines, and radopholus similis to tannic acid.	tannins, which are water-soluble polyphenols, are toxic to numerous fungi, bacteria, and yeasts. our objectives were to study the efficacy of tannic acid in control of meloidogyne arenaria on tomato and its effects on the behavior of m. arenaria, m. incognita, heterodera glycines, and radopholus similis. three concentrations of tannic acid, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 g/500 cm(3) of soil, were applied preplant (powder) and at-plant (powder and drench) into soil infested with m. arenaria. tannic acid at the ...	1997	19274278
differential response to root-knot nematodes in prunus species and correlative genetic implications.	responses of 17 prunus rootstocks or accessions (11 from the subgenus amygdalus and 6 from the subgenus prunophora) were evaluated against 11 isolates of meloidogyne spp. including one m. arenaria, four m. incognita, four m. javanica, one m. hispanica, and an unclassified population from florida. characterization of plant response to root-knot nematodes was based on a gall index rating. numbers of females and juveniles plus eggs in the roots were determined for 10 of the rootstocks evaluated aga ...	1997	19274170
relationship between meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis as influenced by soybean genotype.	the effect of soybean genotype on competition between meloidogyne incognita race 2 (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) was evaluated in greenhouse and microplot replacement series experiments. soil in pots containing seedlings of 'davis' (susceptible to mi) or 'buckshot 66' (resistant to mi) was infested with 1,000 vermiform individuals in the following mi:rr ratios: 0:0, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, or 0:100. after 91 days, the relative nematode yields (number of nematodes in mixed culture di ...	1997	19274173
temperature effects on the attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne arenaria race 1.	pasteuria penetrans is a gram positive bacterium that prevents meloidogyne spp. from reproducing and diminishes their ability to penetrate roots. the attachment of the endospores to the cuticle of the nematodes is the first step in the life cycle of the bacterium and is essential for its reproduction. as a preliminary study to a field solarization test, the effects of temperature on the attachment of p. penetrans on meloidogyne arenaria race 1 were investigated. preexposing second-stage juvenile ...	1997	19274192
effects of monoclonal antibodies, cationized ferritin, and other organic molecules on adhesion of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne incognita.	the incidence of adhesion of pasteuria penetrans endospores to meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) was studied after pretreatment of the latter with monoclonal antibodies (mab), cationized ferritin, and other organic molecules in replicated trials. monoclonal antibodies developed to a cuticular epitope of m. incognita second-stage juveniles gave significant reductions in attachment of p. penetrans endospores to treated nematodes. mab bound to the entire length of j2 except for the ...	1997	19274193
suppression mechanisms of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 by pasteuria penetrans.	the biological control of meloidogyne arenaria on peanut (arachis hypogaea) by pasteuria penetrans was evaluated using a six x six factorial experiment in field microplots over 2 years. the main factors were six inoculum levels of second-stage juveniles (j2) of m. arenaria race 1 (0, 40, 200, 1,000, 5,000, and 25,000 j2/microplot, except that the highest level was 20,000 j2/microplot in 1995) and six infestation levels of p. penetrans as percentages of j2 with endospores attached (0, 20, 40, 60, ...	1997	19274127
replacement series: a tool for characterizing competition between phytoparasitic nematodes.	the replacement series approach was used to detect and define competition between meloidogyne incognita (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) on soybean. in three greenhouse tests, soybean cv. davis seedlings were inoculated with 1,000 vermiform nematodes in the following mi:rr ratios: 0:0, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. after 86 days, relative nematode-yield values (number of each species in mixed culture divided by number in nonmixed culture) were calculated based on nematodes in soil ...	1997	19274132
antibodies from chicken eggs as probes for antigens from pasteuria penetrans endospores.	the bacteria pasteuria spp. have been identified as among the most promising of several microbial organisms currently under investigation as biological control agents of plant-parasitic nematodes. as part of our goal to develop methods to discriminate isolates of pasteuria penetrans with different host preferences, we investigated the potential of developing antibody probes to identify endospores of different isolates of p. penetrans. polyclonal igy antibodies were raised in chickens against end ...	1997	19274158