Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effect of water resource development and management on lymphatic filariasis, and estimates of populations at risk. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is a debilitating disease overwhelmingly caused by wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by various mosquito species. here, we present a systematic literature review with the following objectives: (i) to establish global and regional estimates of populations at risk of lf with particular consideration of water resource development projects, and (ii) to assess the effects of water resource development and management on the frequency and transmission dynamics of the ... | 2005 | 16172476 |
| cloning and expression of a 12 kda serospecific epitope of wuchereria bancrofti. | the immunoscreening of a microfilarial cdna library of wuchereria bancrofti with microfilaraemic sera revealed many positive clones expressing filarial antigens. one immunoreactive clone, designated pmr1, was shown to encode a protein of 114 amino acid residues. the cdna fragment was subcloned into an expression vector, pinpoint xat. the resulting recombinant (r)pmr1-biotin fusion protein was expressed in escherichia coli (bl21 [de3] plys) and was affinity purified on avidin resin. analysis of s ... | 2005 | 16174102 |
| distended thoracic duct and diffuse lymphangiectasia caused by bancroftian filariasis. | 2005 | 16177425 | |
| short communication: impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. | ivermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the african programme of onchocerciasis control. as programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (lf) caused by wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into lf programmes. this study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no w. bancrofti coul ... | 2005 | 16185234 |
| some morphological aspects of wuchereria bancrofti uterus after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | confocal and em analyses revealed that some female wuchereria bancrofti, obtained from volunteers that received recommended diethylcarbamazine dose regimens, showed few or no embryos. furthermore, inside the gravid uterus of female w. bancrofti treated with dec we observed a finely granular, electron-dense material organised as strings of pearls, approximately 70 nm in maximal length surrounding intra-uterine microfilariae and apparently secreted by the embryo. over the eggshells a similar mater ... | 2005 | 15582474 |
| the ultrastructure of infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. | although the large use of diethylcarbamazine (dec), as the major anti-filaricide drug, its mechanism of action remains a matter of controversy. several authors defend the hypothesis that dec has no direct effect on nematodes. this study demonstrated that infective larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti treated in vitro with dec presented several behaviour and morphological changes. the first alteration produced by treatment for 2 h with 3, 5, 10 microg/ml of dec was the reduction of motility. larva ... | 2005 | 15582480 |
| modeling analysis of gst (glutathione-s-transferases) from wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | gst (glutathione s-transferases) are a family of detoxification enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of reduced gsh (glutathione) to xenobiotic (endogenous electrophilic) compounds. gst from wb (wuchereria bancrofti) and bm (brugia malayi) are significantly different from human gst in sequence and structure. thus, wb-gst and bm-gst are potential chemotherapeutic targets for anti-filarial treatment. comparison of modeled wb and bm gst with human gst show structural difference between them. analy ... | 2005 | 17597848 |
| the evolution of brazilian studies on helminths and the escola tropicalista bahiana (bahia tropical school) (1866-1892). | in the mid nineteenth century, laboratory research in embryology, development, ecology and pathogeny of helminths unexpectedly resulted in a change in the explication of the etiology of some human pathology that was traditionally attributed to environmental factors. the new postulates of the parasitology of helminths put in question the traditional explications as well as the recognized authorities in the fields of clinical medicine, hygiene, and of medical geography, affecting not only the trad ... | 2005 | 16866032 |
| transmission potential of wuchereria bancrofti by culex quinquefasciatus in urban areas of malaysia. | laboratory strain of the malaysian culex quinquefasciatus was susceptible to wuchereria bancrofti. thirty three percent of the cx. quinquefasciatus that fed on w. bancrofti patient were infective after 12-14 days. there is a possibility for w. bancrofti to occur in the urban areas of the malaysia in the near future. | 2005 | 16880760 |
| lymphatic filariasis in bilaspur district, chhattisgarh. | as per earlier reports only ratanpur phc of the district bilaspur of chattisgarh was endemic for filariasis. during the present survey microfilaria infection and disease manifestations were detected in two more phcs namely bilha and bilaspur. 3426 night blood smears were collected from 24 randomly selected localities (13 rural and 11 urban) covering 25% known endemic areas and 75% reportedly non-endemic areas. sample size was calculated taking 12% prevalence rate using standard statistical formu ... | 2005 | 16749276 |
| intra-ocular nematode worms: rare but important. | 2005 | 16538906 | |
| a juvenile filarial worm, wuchereria bancrofti, extracted from the vitreous of the eye: the first report in the world literature. | a live worm was extracted from the vitreous of the eye of a patient in sri lanka. based on the details of its length, width, oesophagus and vulva it was identified as ajuvenile female wuchereria bancrofti. | 2005 | 16538913 |
| tolerability and efficacy of a three-age class dosage schedule of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in the treatment of microfilaria carriers of wuchereria bancrofti and its implications in mass drug administration (mda) strategy for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf). | a six-age class dosage schedule of diethylcarbamazine (dec) of 50mg (1-2 years), 100mg (3-4 years), 150mg (5-8 years), 200mg (9-11 years), 250mg (12-14 years) and 300mg for above 14 years is being adopted for annual single dose mda for lf elimination treat wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. in order to increase the community compliance as well as to make the distribution easier during mda, a revised 3 age class dosage schedule of 100mg (2-4 years), 200mg (5-14 years) and 300mg for above ... | 2005 | 16637395 |
| homologs of the brugia malayi diagnostic antigen bmr1 are present in other filarial parasites but induce different humoral immune responses. | background: the recombinant antigen bmr1 has been extensively employed in both elisa and immunochromatographic rapid dipstick (brugia rapid) formats for the specific and sensitive detection of igg4 antibodies against the lymphatic filarial parasites brugia malayi and brugia timori. in sera of individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti the igg4 reactivity to bmr1 is variable, and cross-reactivity of sera from individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus or loa loa was observed only in single ... | 2004 | 15627400 |
| genetic determinism of parasitic circadian periodicity and subperiodicity in human lymphatic filariasis. | the larval parasites of the pantropical lymphatic filariasis exhibit two types of circadian behaviour. typically, they only appear in the human bloodstream at nighttime, synchronised with their mosquito vectors. in polynesia and parts of southeast asia, free of nocturnal vectors, they are found at all hours, and each population biorhythm differs. through a geometrical approach, we explain this circadian diversity by a single, dominant mutation: the clocks of individual parasites are set at midni ... | 2004 | 15656351 |
| bancroftian filariasis in 12 villages in kwale district, coast province, kenya - variation in clinical and parasitological patterns. | as part of a larger study on the effects of permethrin-impregnated bednets on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, subjects from 12 villages in the coastal province of kenya, south of mombasa, were investigated. the aims were to update the epidemiological data and elucidate the spatial distribution of w. bancrofti infection. samples of night blood from all the villagers aged i 1 year were checked for the parasite, and all the adult villagers (aged >/= 15 years) were clinically examined for ... | 2004 | 15667713 |
| bancroftian filariasis: spatial patterns, environmental correlates and landscape predictors of disease risk. | lymphatic filariasis has been identified as the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability. this article is an attempt to discuss the disease spatial context in light of current interest in gis and satellite remote sensing. field validation of outputs obtained through the application of these technologies in the nile delta, egypt is also summarized. | 2004 | 15287173 |
| rapid detection of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by lightcycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. | a lightcycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood-fed mosquitoes. the assay is based on fluorescence melting curve analysis of the pcr product generated from a family of repeated dna elements: the 182 bp sspi repeat, specific to the genus wuchereria. according to the melting temperature, w. bancrofti infected-mosquitoes were differentiated from brugia malayi-infected and non-infected mosquitoes as well as from genomic dna of d ... | 2004 | 15449180 |
| multisystem involvement of microfilaria in a hiv positive patient. | a 35-year-old hiv positive male presented with dyspnoea and chest pain was diagnosed having acute pericardial and pleural effusion. microfilaria was detected from blood as well as from the pericardial and pleural fluid and from urine. cd4 count was 123 cells microl. the patient was receiving treatment with antiretroviral therapy and cotrimoxazole for last 4 months. the patient had no opportunistic infection and no symptoms suggestive of filarial infection in the past. this is for the first time ... | 2004 | 15449660 |
| reliable and frequent detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti in ghanaian women by ultrasonography. | detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti by ultrasonography of the scrotal region in men is a suitable diagnostic tool for lymphatic filariasis, whereas there are only a few case reports of adult filariae observed by ultrasonography in women. we examined 35 microfilaraemic women ultrasonographically in sites of the body suspected as locations for worm nests. in 15 women the 'filaria dance sign' (fds) was detected in various locations, some being novel, such as adult worms within lymphatic vessels ... | 2004 | 15482404 |
| assessment of disease and infection of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern cambodia. | we assessed the filariasis disease burden in four northeastern provinces of cambodia by using and validating a key-informant questionnaire, consisting of four questions, with pictures of patients with leg elephantiasis and hydrocoele. the questionnaire was distributed and collected through the school, health and administrative systems. validation surveys included clinical examination, a card test for w. bancrofti (ict filariasis card test, amrad) and night blood finger prick examination of patie ... | 2004 | 15482405 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: a case series in a setting of nonendemicity. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is a rare but serious manifestation of infection with the lymphatic filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. although endemicity is limited to the tropical and subtropical regions of africa, south america, and asia, immigration and travel practices have led to the diagnosis of tpe in areas of nonendemicity. | 2004 | 15486834 |
| factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis, in leogane, haiti. | in october 2000, to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, an intense health-education campaign followed by a mass drug administration (mda) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole was undertaken in leogane, haiti. three months after the mda, which was the first in the study area, a knowledge-attitude-practice (kap) survey, with a cluster-sample design and probability sampling, was undertaken, to determine the existing knowledge of the local residents, their attitudes toward the mda, an ... | 2004 | 15509424 |
| duplex doppler sonographic assessment of the effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy on adult filarial worms and adjacent host tissues in bancroftian filariasis. | we used duplex doppler sonography to assess effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy (dec/alb) on adult wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. the study was performed in clinically normal egyptian adults with blood microfilaria counts > 80/ml. motile adult worms were observed before treatment in dilated scrotal lymphatic vessels in 28 of 36 men (78%) and over the proximal extremities in 5 of 22 women (23%). most worm nests were inactivated in the months following treatment (90% at 12 months) ... | 2004 | 15516645 |
| the man with "milk-shake" urine. | 2004 | 15519638 | |
| is povidone iodine an alternative to silver nitrate for renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy in chyluria? | to compare the efficacy and toxicity of 1% silver nitrate, 0.2% povidone iodine and 50% dextrose in renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy (rpis) for chyluria. | 2004 | 15541132 |
| observations on false positive reactions in the rapid now filariasis card test. | the now filariasis card test is a useful tool for rapid field diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, based on detection of specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in the patients' blood. concern has been raised that a high proportion of infection negative individuals develop false positive reactions in these tests when the test cards are left for a prolonged period before being examined. we carried out a survey in an endemic tanzanian village to investigate this phenomenon. individuals ... | 2004 | 15548316 |
| meta-analysis of age-prevalence patterns in lymphatic filariasis: no decline in microfilaraemia prevalence in older age groups as predicted by models with acquired immunity. | the role of acquired immunity in lymphatic filariasis is uncertain. assuming that immunity against new infections develops gradually with accumulated experience of infection, models predict a decline in prevalence after teenage or early adulthood. a strong indication for acquired immunity was found in longitudinal data from pondicherry, india, where mf prevalence was highest around the age of 20 and declined thereafter. we reviewed published studies from india and subsaharan africa to investigat ... | 2004 | 15552405 |
| exogenous nucleosides are required for the morphogenesis of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a human disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. the parasites enter the human host from the mosquito as l3 or infective larvae and subsequently differentiate through 2 molts. in this communication, i report that b. malayi and b. pahangi depend on an exogenous source of at least 1 purine and 1 pyrimidine nucleoside to complete the l3 to l4 molt. the requirement ... | 2004 | 15562627 |
| [an unusual testicular torsion in a teenager]. | 2004 | 15567961 | |
| geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in haiti. | although lymphatic filariasis is known to have been endemic in haiti since at least the mid 1700s, a national filariasis survey has never been conducted. as a first step in the national program to eliminate filariasis, we collected blood in january-april 2001 from 50-250 school children (6-11 years old) in all 133 communes of the country using an adaptation of the lot quality assurance sampling method. of 22,365 children tested, 901 (4.0%) were positive for circulating wuchereria bancrofti antig ... | 2004 | 15569791 |
| presbytis entellus: a primate model for parasitic disease research. | 2004 | 15246317 | |
| vector competence, for wuchereria bancrofti, of the anopheles populations in the bongo district of ghana. | the ability of vector mosquitoes to transmit the microfilariae (mff) of wuchereria bancrofti, especially when the levels of microfilaraemia in the humans on which the mosquitoes are feeding are very low, is very important for understanding the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis. data on the correlation between vector competence and the microfilarial load in the human host are also relevant to those trying to improve transmission models for this disease. the majority of the relevant st ... | 2004 | 15257800 |
| [filaria of the lymphatic system: wuchereria, brugia]. | 2004 | 15264328 | |
| vector survival and parasite infection: the effect of wuchereria bancrofti on its vector culex quinquefasciatus. | this paper investigates a cohort of 2187 laboratory reared culex quinquefasciatus fed on 69 human volunteers, including 59 persons with different levels of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and 10 without microfilaria. mosquitoes were followed until death. mosquito survival was analysed in relation to the level of microfilaria in the human and larval count in the dead mosquito. vector mortality during the extrinsic incubation period (12 days post-engorgement) was significantly higher in mosquit ... | 2004 | 15267110 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid flow-through immuno filtration test using recombinant filarial antigen for diagnosis of brugian and bancroftian filariasis. | there is an imperative need to develop a rapid antibody test that can be used for diagnosis of clinical cases in travelers and expatriates, primary surveillance in areas of unknown endemicity, detection of early infection in childhood and for monitoring chemotherapeutic programs. a rapid-format, simple and qualitative flow through immuno filtration test has been developed for the identification of total igg antibodies to recombinant filarial antigen wbsxp-1. this test system employs colloidal go ... | 2004 | 15272197 |
| impairment of tetanus-specific cellular and humoral responses following tetanus vaccination in human lymphatic filariasis. | to investigate the consequences of the impaired parasite-specific immune response in lymphatic filariasis, the effect of concurrent wuchereria bancrofti infection on the immune response to tetanus toxoid (tt) following tetanus vaccination was studied in 20 asymptomatic microfilaremic (mf) patients, 20 patients with chronic lymphatic obstruction/elephantiasis (chronic pathology [cp]), and 10 endemic normal (en) control individuals at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after tt vaccination. peripheral ... | 2004 | 15102768 |
| contrasting wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria rates in two mangyan-populated philippine villages. | lymphatic filariasis caused by infection with wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi is endemic in 45 of 77 provinces in the philippines. to prepare the island of mindoro for mass treatment using diethylcarbamazine and albendazole, complete census data were collected in rural villages. a sample of individuals selected from each of two adjacent villages was examined for microfilaremia. microfilariae were detected from thin smears in 34 (13%) of 272 patients examined from the village of bayanan an ... | 2004 | 15238683 |
| relationship of anti-microbial activity of tetracyclines to their ability to block the l3 to l4 molt of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a human disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. these organisms are known to contain endosymbiotic bacteria (wolbachia) that are related to rickettsiae. it has been previously reported that tetracycline blocks the l3 to l4 molt of the filarial parasite b. malayi, and suggested that this was related to their known anti-rickettsial activity. however, this interp ... | 2004 | 15238684 |
| [ivermectin]. | ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of a macrocyclic lactone. it causes paralysis in many nematodes and arthropodes because of its effect on ion-channels in cell membranes. ivermectin was first used in veterinary medicine. in man, it was shown to be microfilaricid against onchocerca volvulus. most of the adverse reactions following treatment were mild, without the systemic and ocular side effects usually complicating diethylcarbamazine therapy. in endemic areas after repeated administratio ... | 2004 | 15318139 |
| an inguinal mass with local vascular lesions induced by a lymphatic filaria. | a 47-year-old indian male presented with an inguinal mass clinically suspicious as a tumor. histological examination of the excised mass demonstrated tissue reaction to degenerating intravascular adult filarial worms. the worms have been identified as a lymphatic filariae, most probably wuchereria bancrofti. the case report underscores the need to maintain suspicion of genitourinary filarial lesions in non-endemic areas and describes atypical vascular lesions induced by lymphatic filariae. | 2004 | 15322608 |
| long-term effect of three different strategies for mass diethylcarbamazine administration in bancroftian filariasis: follow-up at 10 years after treatment. | the long-term effect of three different strategies for mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) administration in bancroftian filariasis was assessed 10 years after start of treatment in three endemic communities in tanzania. the strategies were the standard 12 day treatment (strategy i); a semi-annual single-dose treatment (strategy ii); and a monthly low-dose treatment (strategy iii). treatment was given only during the first year. following reductions immediately after treatment, overall community micro ... | 2004 | 15363642 |
| the preferential site of adult wuchereria bancrofti: an ultrasound study of male asymptomatic microfilaria carriers in pondicherry, india. | the traditional method of detection of microfilaria in night blood specimens for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection is being replaced with circulating filarial antigen in day blood specimens, which has a high sensitivity. however, both methods are indirect tests to detect the presence of adult worms in vivo. localization of adult worms in vivo in their natural habitat may help in understanding better the end-point of drug treatment, the adulticidal action of antifilarial drugs, and ... | 2004 | 15372761 |
| test strip detection of wuchereria bancrofti amplified dna in wild-caught culex pipiens and estimation of infection rate by a poolscreen algorithm. | bancroftian filariasis is targeted for elimination in the nile delta of egypt. improved simple methods are needed for monitoring wuchereria bancrofti infection in the mosquito vector and thereby the success of elimination programmes. we evaluated the performance of the sspi-pcr assay combined with a dna detection test striptm method and used the poolscreen algorithm method for estimating mosquito infection rates. a total of 769 indoor-resting culex pipiens were captured in 79 randomly selected h ... | 2004 | 14728620 |
| could it be lymphatic filariasis? | 2004 | 14769289 | |
| the effect of repeated half-yearly diethylcarbamazine mass treatment on wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in two east african communities with different levels of endemicity. | the effect of repeated half-yearly mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec, 6 mg/kg body weight) on infection and transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was assessed and compared in communities with high and low endemicity in eastern africa, with pretreatment microfilaria (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (cfa) prevalences of 29.4% and 53.2% in the high endemicity community and 3.1% and 18.7% in the low endemicity community, respectively. human infection was monitored by repeated cross-sec ... | 2004 | 14971700 |
| a randomized clinical trial comparing single- and multi-dose combination therapy with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | the global program for elimination of lymphatic filariasis calls for mass drug administration for endemic populations outside of sub-saharan africa with a single dose of diethylcarbamazine (dec) and albendazole (alb) annually for 4-6 years. single-dose dec/alb dramatically reduces blood microfilaria (mf) counts, but most treated subjects fail to completely clear mf after a single dose. a more effective regimen might reduce the number of years required for elimination programs. we performed a ran ... | 2004 | 14993632 |
| the effects of diethylcarbamazine on the ultrastructure of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in vivo and in vitro. | an ultrastructural study of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti was performed after treatment in vitro and in vivo with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec). the morphological alterations produced by treatment in vitro with 5 micro g/ml of dec were the loss of microfilarial sheaths and lysis of the cytoplasm, with the destruction of all organelles and the formation of several vacuoles, the contents of which presented various degrees of electron-density, or showed an empty appearance. some of these ... | 2004 | 15007641 |
| assessing density dependence in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis: uptake and development of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in the vector mosquitoes. | understanding density dependence in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis is essential for assessing the prospects of elimination. this study seeks to quantify the relationship between microfilaria (mf) density in human blood and the number of third stage (l3) larvae developing in the mosquito vectors aedes polynesiensis marks and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) after blood-feeding. two types of curves are fitted to previously published data. fitting a linearized power curve t ... | 2004 | 15009446 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: cloning and characterization of heat shock protein 70 from the human lymphatic filarial parasite. | heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was identified as an immunodominant antigen by screening a wuchereria bancrofti (wb) microfilarial cdna library with pooled wb-infected sera, with 28% of the immunopositive clones coding for wb-hsp70. the deduced amino acid sequence showed greater than 97 and 85% identity with hsp70 from filarial nematodes and humans, respectively. recombinant hsp70 (74 kda) and a recombinant protein from the c-terminal portion (43 kda) also reacted with pooled wb-infected sera, sug ... | 2004 | 15013783 |
| impact of two annual single-dose mass drug administrations with diethylcarbamazine alone or in combination with albendazole on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in south india. | a two-arm community-based lymphatic filariasis elimination trial is being carried out in tamil nadu state, india to assess the effect of 2 annual single-dose mass drug administrations of diethylcarbamazine + albendazole (dec + alb) on microfilaraemia and antigenaemia in one arm, and diethylcarbamazine(dec) alone in the other arm. in a cross-sectional survey at each time-point, 450-650 subjects in childhood (2-9 years old) and young adulthood (10-25 years old) were screened from each treatment ar ... | 2004 | 15024928 |
| community- and individual-level determinants of wuchereria bancrofti infection in leogane commune, haiti. | we conducted a school-based assessment of the geographic distribution of wuchereria bancrofti infection in leogane commune, haiti, using the immunochromatographic test. in multivariate analyses performed using generalized linear mixed models, children attending schools in the foothills and plains were 3.95 (95% confidence interval [ci] = 1.28-12.23) and 23.56 (95% ci = 8.99-61.79) times as likely to be infected, respectively, as children attending mountain schools. infection prevalence decreased ... | 2004 | 15031515 |
| a 26-year follow-up of bancroftian filariasis in two communities in north-eastern tanzania. | the results of surveys, for human bancroftian filariasis, carried out in 1975 and 1991 in endemic communities in north-eastern tanzania have already been reported. in 2001, all consenting individuals from two of these communities (tawalani and kwale) were re-surveyed, and many of the individuals examined in the earlier surveys were re-identified. the findings revealed an extraordinarily static pattern of infection and disease over the 26 years of follow-up. by 2001, despite brief interventions i ... | 2004 | 15035726 |
| mapping the presence of wolbachia pipientis on the phylogeny of filarial nematodes: evidence for symbiont loss during evolution. | wolbachia pipientis is a bacterial endosymbiont associated with arthropods and filarial nematodes. in filarial nematodes, w. pipientis has been shown to play an important role in the biology of the host and in the immuno-pathology of filariasis. several species of filariae, including the most important parasites of humans and animals (e.g. onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria immitis) have been shown to harbour these bacteria. other filarial species, including an important r ... | 2004 | 15037105 |
| [present status of bancroftian filariasis in maceió, state of alagoas, brazil]. | epidemiological and entomological surveys were carried out in the human and mosquito populations in maceió, alagoas, in order to assess the present status of bancroftian lymphatic filariasis. examination of thick blood smears of 10,450 students from different areas of the city revealed 0.66% wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. the distribution of filariasis is focal in the city, 80% of the individuals with patent infection living in two neighboring areas with 1.24% and 5.25% prevalence. ... | 2004 | 15042219 |
| mathematical modelling and the control of lymphatic filariasis. | the current global initiative to eliminate lymphatic filariasis represents one of the largest mass drug administration programmes ever conceived for the control of a parasitic disease. yet, it is still not known whether the who-recommended primary strategy of applying annual single-dose mass chemotherapy with a combination of two drugs for 4-6 years will effectively break parasite transmission from all endemic communities. here we review recent work on the development and application of a determ ... | 2004 | 15050941 |
| circulating filarial antigen in the hydrocele fluid from individuals living in a bancroftian filariasis area - recife, brazil: detected by the monoclonal antibody og4c3-assay. | the purpose of this study was to examine the circulating filarial antigen (cfa) detected by the monoclonal antibody (mab) og4c3-elisa in paired samples of serum and hydrocele fluid from 104 men with hydrocele, living in an endemic area of wuchereria bancrofti. nocturnal blood specimens were filtered and examined for microfilariae (mf) and ultrasound was used in order to identify the presence of adult worms (the filaria dance sign - fds) in the lymphatic vessels of the scrotal area. four groups w ... | 2004 | 15057356 |
| antibacterials for filarial infections. | 2004 | 15072067 | |
| spatial clustering of filarial transmission before and after a mass drug administration in a setting of low infection prevalence. | background: in the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) longitudinal assessment of the prevalence of microfilaremia and antigenemia is recommended to monitor the effect of mass treatment on transmission. additional monitoring tools such as entomologic and antibody methods may be useful in identifying residual foci of infection. in this study, we characterized serologic markers of infection and exposure spatially both before and after mass treatment, in an area of initi ... | 2004 | 15128461 |
| human toxocariasis: frequency of anti-toxocara antibodies in children and adolescents from an outpatient clinic for lymphatic filariasis in recife, northeast brazil. | in a transversal study on a sample of 386 children and adolescents from an outpatient clinic for filariasis in recife, northeast brazil, the frequency of anti-toxocara antibodies and its relation to age, gender, number of peripheral eosinophils, wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and intestinal helminths was determined. the total anti-toxocara igg antibody frequency was 39.4%, by elisa technique. the difference in frequency between males (40.1%) and females (37.6%) was not statistically signific ... | 2004 | 15141276 |
| discovery and clinical importance of the filariases. | macrofilariae have been recognized for many millennia. microfilariae were, however, not demonstrable until microscopy attained an advanced degree of perfection. demonstration of the mode of transmission of the various filariases (wuchereria bancrofti, onchocerca volvulus, and loa loa), dominated by manson's work on lymphatic filariasis, constitutes one of the most exciting phases inhuman parasitology. | 2004 | 15145377 |
| the dynamics of wuchereria bancrofti infection: a model-based analysis of longitudinal data from pondicherry, india. | this paper presents a model-based analysis of longitudinal data describing the impact of integrated vector management on the intensity of wuchereria bancrofti infection in pondicherry, india. the aims of this analysis were (1) to gain insight into the dynamics of infection, with emphasis on the possible role of immunity, and (2) to develop a model that can be used to predict the effects of control. using the lymfasim computer simulation program, two models with different types of immunity (anti- ... | 2004 | 15180315 |
| parasitic manifestation of testicular pain. | genital filariasis is common in endemic areas of the world. however, filariasis cannot be eliminated from the differential diagnosis of scrotal swellings, as international travel is more frequent. we report a case in a patient in london, uk. | 2004 | 15185823 |
| the effect of single dose ivermectin alone or in combination with albendazole on wuchereria bancrofti infection in primary school children in tanzania. | examination of 1829 children from 6 primary schools in coastal tanzania revealed overall wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (mf) and circulating filarial antigen (cfa) prevalences of 17.3% and 43.7%, respectively. a randomized double-blind field trial with a single dose of ivermectin (150-200 microg/kg body weight) alone or in combination with albendazole (400 mg) was subsequently carried out among these children. both treatment regimens resulted in a considerable decrease in mean mf intensities, ... | 2004 | 15186934 |
| evidence for the interruption of transmission of lymphatic filariasis among schoolchildren in trinidad and tobago. | this study was carried out to provide some evidence for the interruption of transmission of lymphatic filariasis (lf) among schoolchildren in trinidad and tobago. a cross-sectional survey for lf antigenaemia was performed among 63 (13.2%) of the 479 primary schools located in eight administrative (and geographical) regions of trinidad and tobago. from these communities, 2597 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years were sequentially selected for a survey of bancroftian antigenaemia. from each child, 100 m ... | 2004 | 15186935 |
| comparison of an immunochromatographic card test with night blood smear examination for detection of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. | at present, two diagnostic tests--og4c3 elisa and an immunochromatographic card test (ict)--are available to detect circulating filarial antigens of wuchereria bancrofti in serum/whole blood samples collected during the day. we aimed to assess the sensitivity of the new format card test 'now ict filariasis' in detecting microfilaria carriers of w. bancrofti in comparison with conventional microscopic techniques and og4c3 elisa. | 2004 | 15736550 |
| a baseline study of rural bancroftian filariasis in southern india. | night mass blood surveys were carried out for parasitological evidence of bancroftian filariasis in 45 rural areas belonging to 9 national filaria control program (nfcp) zones of east godavari and west godavari districts of andhra pradesh, india during the period 1998 to 2001. mf prevalence range between 2.9 to 10.2%, and mf intensities in 20 mm3 blood samples ranged from 1-281. the present study explains the trend of microfilaria dynamics in the rural population, where mass drug delivery has be ... | 2004 | 15689070 |
| evaluation of a single oral dose of diethylcarbamazine 300 mg as provocative test and simultaneous treatment in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection in thailand. | we assessed the efficiency of oral diethylcarbamazine (dec) 300 mg as a provocative test on blood examination 30 minutes after administration, while gauging the overall infection rate in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection who enrolled for work permits in thailand in 2002, using circulating filarial antigens (cfa) assays, the now ict filariasis card test and the og4c3 elisa as reference. overall infection rates of 0.3% (95% ci=0-0.7%), 4.2% (95% ci=1.8-6.5%) and 5.9% (95% ... | 2004 | 15689072 |
| rotational application of bioinsecticide with deltamethrin-an antilarval measure for the control of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus (culicidae: diptera). | a laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the cyclic usage of field recommended doses of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), bacillus sphaericus (bsp) and combination of bti and bsp (half the recommended dose of each) with deltamethrin 2.8 ec to attain better control of mosquito larvae. to understand the susceptibility status of the culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the field, early fourth instar field collected larvae were exposed to the above treatments of biopesticides and were ... | 2004 | 15907070 |
| a focus of lymphatic filariasis in a tea garden worker community of central assam. | a survey for lymphatic filariasis was conducted among tea garden workers of central assam. of the 656 night blood samples examined, 31 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti parasite (microfilaria rate 4.7%). microfilaria rate was higher in male (7.3%) than females (2.1%). culex quinquefasciatus was incriminated as vector mosquito. | 2004 | 15907073 |
| microfilaria in cervical smear. | 2004 | 15763820 | |
| the relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide and octenol in cdc- and evs-type light traps for sampling the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.), aedes polynesiensis marks, and culex quinquefasciatus say in moorea, french polynesia. | two dominant day-biting pests and vector species on the island of moorea in french polynesia are aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis marks, major vectors of dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively. their surveillance is hindered by a relative lack of attraction to light traps, necessitating the undesirable use of human bait collections with the inherent risks of pathogen transmission. the effectiveness of cdc- and evs-type light traps baited with olfa ... | 2004 | 15707289 |
| gravid adult filarial worm in fine needle breast aspirate masquerading as carcinoma. | 2004 | 16295411 | |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in cervicovaginal smear. | 2004 | 16295412 | |
| microfilaria in hydrocele fluid cytology. | filariasis, a parasitic infection endemic in parts of india, myanmar, islands of the south pacific, west and east africa and saudi arabia can be diagnosed from various types of cytopathological specimens. this case documents the detection of filarial infection from hydrocele fluid cytology in a 30-year-old myanmar migrant worker in malaysia. | 2004 | 16329565 |
| tolerability and efficacy of single dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) alone or co-administration with ivermectin in the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in pondicherry, south india. | the tolerability and efficacy of single dose dec (12mg/kg body weight) or co-administration of dec (6mg/kg body weight) with ivermectin (200 or 400 mcg/kg of body weight) was studied in 60 asymptomatic w. bancrofti microfilariae (mf) carriers following a double blind randomized design. the drugs were tolerated well. the incidence of adverse reactions of dec (85.0%), dec + ivermectin 200mcg (95.0%) and dec + ivermectin 400mcg (100%) did not vary significantly (p>0.05). the mean score of adverse r ... | 2004 | 16506546 |
| chemotherapy for lymphatic filariasis: progress but not perfection. | currently, only three drugs are used to control and treat the mosquito-borne parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis: diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin (mectizan) and albendazole (zentel). all interrupt transmission by eliminating microfilaria, the parasite stage that is responsible for transmission between hosts, but do not reliably kill the adult worms that are responsible for much of the pathology seen in the disease. there is an urgent need to develop drugs that will reliably kill adult worms an ... | 2003 | 15482154 |
| filariasis elimination in egypt: impact of low microfilaraemics as sources of infection for mosquitoes. | the elimination strategy for lymphatic filariasis aims at reducing blood microfilaraemia to levels at which vector transmission cannot be sustained. we aimed to determine whether patients with pre-treatment low or ultra-low microfilaria (mf) counts could be a reservoir of infection after mass drug administration (mda) with a combined regimen. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed on 30 volunteers after 2 rounds of mda. microfilaria uptake, infectivity rates and number of wuchereria bancrofti l3 ... | 2003 | 15748083 |
| comparative assessment of an og4c3 elisa and an ict filariasis test: a study of myanmar migrants in thailand. | detection of circulating filarial antigen has now emerged as an alternative method for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. we compared two antigen detection assays, an og4c3 elisa and an ict (immunochromatography) filariasis test, for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in migrant myanmar workers in tak province, western thailand. a total of 337 myanmars participated in this study. the microfilarial rate was 3.3%. the og4c3 elisa could detect 19.1% of bancroftian filariasis whi ... | 2003 | 15198343 |
| age-dependent prevalence of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of india. | the age-related prevalence of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics, apparently uninfected individuals, was determined in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of orissa, india during 2001. the prevalence of these uninfected individuals was highest in the younger age groups (aged < or = 15 years), decreased rapidly in those aged > 15 to 40 years, and then stabilized in those aged > 40 years. | 2003 | 15228245 |
| [prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in seven villages of the bonassama health district in the wouri estuary, littoral province of cameroon]. | lymphatic filariasis is one of the 6 diseases targeted for global eradication by the world health organization. in 2000 cameroon was selected for inclusion in the eradication program. as a prerequisite for the program, epidemiological mapping was undertaken to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti in 7 villages located in the mangrove area of the wouri estuary littoral province of cameroon. informed consent was obtained from each participant or from parents of minors. night blood spec ... | 2003 | 15077419 |
| presence of wolbachia endosymbionts in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae) from different geographical regions in india. | in view of the recent discovery of rickettsial endosymbionts, wolbachia in lymphatic filarial parasites, wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi and subsequently of their vital role in the survival and development of the latter, antibiotics such as tetracycline are being suggested for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis, by way of eliminating the endosymbiont. but, it is essential to assess their presence in parasites from areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis before such a new control tool is ... | 2003 | 15049082 |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis on the thai-myanmar border. | to achieve the goal of eliminating lymphatic filariasis by the year 2020, close monitoring systems and effective control strategies need to be implemented and the real disease burden needs to be assessed. bancroftian filariasis is endemic at the thai-myanmar border. however, there are only limited data on the prevalence of this disease in thailand available. we employed microscopic examination, together with elisa kits to detect w. bancrofti-specific og4c3 circulating antigen and specific anti-f ... | 2003 | 15032402 |
| aplastic anaemia following varicella infection with coexistent microfilaremia of wuchereria bancrofti--a case report. | filariasis is a common public health problem in various regions of indian subcontinent. there are many reports describing detection of microfilaria in different organ systems. there are limited number of reports available describing the presence of microfilaria in bone marrow. here we report a young patient who developed aplastic anaemia following varicella infection. peripheral blood and bone marrow showed many microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. there are no reports describing this unique c ... | 2003 | 15025373 |
| microfilaria in lung--diagnosis by fnac. | 2003 | 15022941 | |
| impact of long-term ivermectin (mectizan) on wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans infections in burkina faso: strategic and policy implications. | parasitological and clinical surveys were used to determine the long-term impact of ivermectin on the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans filarial infections, when the drug was given under community-directed-treatment strategies for onchocerciasis control. the study was undertaken in 11 communities in south-western burkina faso. six of the villages investigated had been treated with ivermectin at least once a year for five of 6 years, with a mean coverage of approximately ... | 2003 | 14754495 |
| treatment of microfilaraemics with dec and its effect on vector infection and infectivity in tribal and non-tribal areas of bankura district, west bengal, india. | single course dec treatment (6 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 days) was administered to 66 tribal and 442 non-tribal microfilaria (mf) carriers detected through a filariasis survey in bankura district, west bengal, india. all the mf carriers remained amicrofilaraemic on 22nd, 180th and 365th post-treatment day. as a result of dec treatment to the mf carriers, vector (culex quinquefasciatus) infection rate in tribal study areas reduced from 2.06% to 1.07%. infectivity rate was "nil" both before and ... | 2003 | 15239303 |
| wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia clearance among myanmar migrants after biannual mass treatments with diethylcarbamazine, 300 mg oral-dose filadec tablet, in southern thailand. | using qualitative ict filariasis and quantitative og4c3 elisa, we assessed a long-term macrofilaricidal effect of two-year biannual mass treatments with a 300 mg oral-dose filadec tablet, a reformulation of 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (dec), on clearance of the wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating filarial antigens (cfa) in myanmar migrants, at risk of emergence of imported bancroftian filariasis in southern thailand. of the 34 antigenemic myanmar index cases of varying initial cfa levels, ... | 2003 | 15115084 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in vanuatu. | a study on the relationship between the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and vector biting activity was carried out in penama province, vanuatu from february to april 1999, to enable the design of a more efficient strategy to control filariasis transmission. the microfilarial periodicities of 22 w. bancrofti antigen-positive volunteers were studied. microfilariae (mf) were counted every hour for 24 h for 6 volunteers and every hour for 12 h (from 18:00 to 06:00) for 16 volunteer ... | 2003 | 15307409 |
| pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. | although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in recife, brazil who were infected with w. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultra ... | 2003 | 15307427 |
| ctla-4 in filarial infections: implications for a role in diminished t cell reactivity. | to determine the role that ctla-4 might play in mediating the diminished parasite ag-specific t cell responsiveness that is characteristically seen in filaria-infected patients, several study populations and methods were used. first, quantitative assessment of mrna expression determined that pbmc from uninfected adolescents exposed in utero to microfilarial (mf) ag demonstrated a strong up-regulation of ctla-4 to the mf stage of the parasite in contrast to that observed in cells from children bo ... | 2003 | 12574361 |
| short communication: concomitant malaria and filariasis infections in georgetown, guyana. | lymphatic filariasis and malaria are endemic in guyana, south america. to determine the prevalence of concomitant infections, we conducted a 1-year survey of febrile patients attending the malaria (day) and filariasis (night) clinics in georgetown. in all, 1278 thick blood smears were collected: 769 for filariasis, of which 103 were positive for wuchereria bancrofti, and three for both w. bancrofti and malaria parasites; and 509 for malaria, 21 of which tested positive for malaria and 17 for bot ... | 2003 | 12581439 |
| setaria cervi: in vitro released collagenases and their inhibition by wuchereria bancrofti infected sera. | in vitro released products of adult setaria cervi females, microfilariae and extracts showed considerable amounts of collagenase activity. on the basis of per mg protein released in vitro, the products of both microfilariae and adult females exhibited comparable activity but this was much higher than that of extract of microfilariae and adult females. two collagenase enzymes with molecular masses of 50 kda and 70 kda were separated using deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100 column chromatograp ... | 2003 | 12590669 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of lymphatic filariasis. | pcr-based diagnostic assays are promising tools for the monitoring and evaluation of the global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis. sensitive and specific assays have been described for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, or brugia timori infection in blood, sputum, and vectors. these techniques can be most cost-effective when employed for pool screening, which is important in the later stages of control programs when infection rates of humans and vectors are low ... | 2003 | 12592557 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: prospects for elimination. | lymphatic filariasis is a significant public health problem in several pacific island countries. papua new guinea is one of the most populous countries in this region, and 39% of its residents are estimated to be infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the ministries of health of the 22 islands and territories in the pacific region are committed to taking action against lymphatic filariasis. accordingly, a regional collaborative effort aimed at the control of filariasis has been organized under the ... | 2003 | 12592558 |
| primed peritoneal b lymphocytes are sufficient to transfer protection against brugia pahangi infection in mice. | lymphatic filariasis is a tropical disease caused by the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. whereas the protective potential of t lymphocytes in filarial infection is well documented, investigation of the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity has been neglected. in this communication, we examine the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity, using brugia pahangi infections in the murine peritoneal cavity as a model. we find that b lymphocytes are required fo ... | 2003 | 12595454 |
| animated documentation of the filaria dance sign (fds) in bancroftian filariasis. | background: ultrasonography is able to detect adult wuchereria bancrofti worms in scrotal lymphatic vessels of infected men on account of the characteristic pattern of adult worm movements, known as the filarial dance sign. furthermore, the technique is able to delineate associated pathology, such as hydrocoele and lymphoedema, which can be diagnosed in early stages. ultrasonography is also useful in the assessment of macrofilaricidal effects of antifilarial medication.the purpose of this study ... | 2003 | 12636874 |
| mass treatment of filariasis in new guinea. | 2003 | 12646679 | |
| mass treatment of filariasis in new guinea. | 2003 | 12647730 | |
| doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of wolbachia endosymbionts from wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production. | chemotherapy of onchocerciasis by doxycycline, which targets symbiotic wolbachia endobacteria, has been shown to result in a long-term sterility of adult female worms and corresponding absence of microfilariae. it represents an additional chemotherapeutic approach. the aim of this study was to determine whether a similar regimen would also show efficacy against wuchereria bancrofti. ghanaian individuals ( n=93) with lymphatic filariasis and a minimum microfilaremia of 40 microfilariae/ml were in ... | 2003 | 12684759 |