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serological diagnosis of chronic chagas disease: is it time for a change?chagas disease has spread to areas that are nonendemic for the disease with human migration. since no single reference standard test is available, serological diagnosis of chronic chagas disease requires at least two tests. new-generation techniques have significantly improved the accuracy of chagas disease diagnosis by the use of a large mixture of recombinant antigens with different detection systems, such as chemiluminescence. the aim of the present study was to assess the overall accuracy of ...201627053668
pupillary light reflexes are associated with autonomic dysfunction in bolivian diabetics but not chagas disease patients.autonomic dysfunction is common in chagas disease and diabetes. patients with either condition complicated by cardiac autonomic dysfunction face increased mortality, but no clinical predictors of autonomic dysfunction exist. pupillary light reflexes (plrs) may identify such patients early, allowing for intensified treatment. to evaluate the significance of plrs, adults were recruited from the outpatient endocrine, cardiology, and surgical clinics at a bolivian teaching hospital. after testing fo ...201627044564
chagas disease. 201627037106
marking triatoma brasiliensis, triatoma pseudomaculata and rhodnius nasutus nymphs with trace elements: element persistence and effects of marking on insect mortality.field ecologists often rely on mark-release-recapture (mrr) experiments to estimate population dynamics parameters for a given species. in the case of a medically important taxon, i.e., a disease vector, inferences on species survival and dispersal rates are particularly important as they have the potential to provide insights into disease transmission dynamics in endemic areas. medical entomologists have traditionally used fluorescent dusts to externally mark the cuticle of insects. however, du ...201627027503
status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for chagas disease. 201627026146
value of cardiac mri for evaluation of chronic chagas disease cardiomyopathy.to determine whether cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cmri) is more sensitive than electrocardiogram (ecg) and echocardiogram (echo) for detecting myocardial involvement in a latin american migrant population with untreated chagas disease (cd) in the united states.201627017480
addressing the neglect: chagas disease in london, uk. 201627013306
kdr mutations in triatoma infestans from the gran chaco are distributed in two differentiated foci: implications for pyrethroid resistance management.point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, the primary target of pyrethroid insecticides, have been associated with the resistance in triatoma infestans, an important vector of chagas' disease. hence, the sustainability of vector control programs requires the implementation of resistance management strategies. we determined the sensitivity of the molecular assays previously designed for early resistance detection to be used in pooled samples from a wide area of the endemic region, and ...201626992297
regulation of rna binding proteins in trypanosomatid protozoan parasites.posttranscriptional mechanisms have a critical role in the overall outcome of gene expression. these mechanisms are especially relevant in protozoa from the genus trypanosoma, which is composed by death threatening parasites affecting people in sub-saharan africa or in the americas. in these parasites the classic view of regulation of transcription initiation to modulate the products of a given gene cannot be applied. this is due to the presence of transcription start sites that give rise to lon ...201626981203
knowledge and experiences of chagas disease in bolivian women living in spain: a qualitative study.in europe, spain has the highest number of people with chagas disease (cd). bolivian migrants account for 81% of the reported cases. one of the priorities in controlling the disease is prevention of mother-to-child transmission. despite under-diagnosis in spain being estimated at 90%, there are currently few studies that explore the social and cultural dimensions of this disease.201626976265
evaluation of parasiticide treatment with benznidazol in the electrocardiographic, clinical, and serological evolution of chagas disease.chagas disease is one of the most important endemic parasitic diseases in latin america. in its chronic phase, progression to cardiomyopathy has high morbidity and mortality. the persistence of a normal electrocardiogram (ecg) provides a similar prognosis to that of a non-diseased population. benznidazole (bnz) is the only drug with trypanocidal action available in brazil.201626974551
cardiac sympathetic denervation for intractable ventricular arrhythmias in chagas disease.autonomic modulation is a valuable therapeutic option for the management of ventricular arrhythmias. bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (bcsd) has shown promising results in the acute, intermediate, and long-term management of polymorphic and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (vt) in patients with structural heart disease. cardiomyopathy (cm) due to chagas disease (cd), and associated vt, is thought to be in part due to autonomic neuronal destruction and dysfunction.201626969783
myocardial infarction-associated transcript, a long noncoding rna, is overexpressed during dilated cardiomyopathy due to chronic chagas disease.long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) modulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. dysregulation of the lncrna known as myocardial infarction-associated transcript (miat) has been associated with myocardial infarction. chagas disease causes a severe inflammatory dilated chronic cardiomyopathy (ccc). we investigated the role of miat in ccc. a whole-transcriptome analysis of heart biopsy specimens and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples revealed that m ...201626951817
towards a toolkit for cross-neglected tropical disease morbidity and disability assessment.neglected tropical diseases (ntds) are a group of often chronic and disabling infectious conditions, closely related to poverty and inequities. while it is estimated that millions of people are affected, accurate and internationally comparable data about ntd-related morbidity and disability are lacking. therefore we aimed to develop and pilot a toolkit to assess and monitor morbidity and disability across ntds.201626940312
social stigma towards neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review.people affected by neglected tropical diseases (ntds) are frequently the target of social stigmatization. to date not much attention has been given to stigma in relation to ntds. the objective of this review is to identify the extent of social stigma and the similarities and differences in the causes, manifestations, impact of stigma and interventions used between the ntds.201626940310
correction for mesquita et al., genome of rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection. 201626929356
impact of vectorborne parasitic neglected tropical diseases on child health.chagas disease, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are all vectorborne neglected tropical diseases (ntds) that are responsible for significant disease burden in impoverished children and adults worldwide. as vectorborne parasitic diseases, they can all be targeted for elimination through vector control strategies. examples of successful vector control programmes for these diseases over the past two decades have included the southern cone initiative against chagas disease, the ...201626921274
use of a chagas urine nanoparticle test (chunap) to correlate with parasitemia levels in t. cruzi/hiv co-infected patients.early diagnosis of reactivated chagas disease in hiv patients could be lifesaving. in latin america, the diagnosis is made by microscopical detection of the t. cruzi parasite in the blood; a diagnostic test that lacks sensitivity. this study evaluates if levels of t. cruzi antigens in urine, determined by chunap (chagas urine nanoparticle test), are correlated with parasitemia levels in t. cruzi/hiv co-infected patients.201626919324
total artificial heart as bridge to heart transplantation in chagas cardiomyopathy: case report.chagas disease (cd) is becoming an increasingly recognized cause of dilated cardiomyopathy outside of latin america, where it is endemic, due to population shifts and migration. heart transplantation (htx) is a therapeutic option for end-stage cardiomyopathy due to cd, but may be considered a relative contraindication due to potential reactivation of the causative organism with immunosuppression therapy. the total artificial heart (tah) can provide mechanical circulatory support in decompensated ...201626915885
symbiont-mediated rna interference in insects.rna interference (rnai) methods for insects are often limited by problems with double-stranded (ds) rna delivery, which restricts reverse genetics studies and the development of rnai-based biocides. we therefore delegated to insect symbiotic bacteria the task of: (i) constitutive dsrna synthesis and (ii) trauma-free delivery. rnaseiii-deficient, dsrna-expressing bacterial strains were created from the symbionts of two very diverse pest species: a long-lived blood-sucking bug, rhodnius prolixus, ...201626911963
mortality from neglected tropical diseases in brazil, 2000-2011.to describe mortality from neglected tropical diseases (ntds) in brazil, 2000-2011.201626908960
igg autoantibodies induced by t. cruzi during pregnancy: correlation with gravidity complications and early outcome assessment of the newborns.objective the aim of the present research was to evaluate the correlation of vertically transmitted igg antibodies induced by t. cruzi and newborn early outcome assessment, mainly birth weight and gestational age. methods we performed a cross-sectional study with 183 pregnant women (64 with asymptomatic chagas disease) and their newborns. both were subjected to complete clinical examination. peripheral parasitemia was assessed in mother and neonates by parasite detection through microscopic exam ...201627318490
serodiscordance in chronic chagas disease diagnosis: a real problem in non-endemic countries.according to the who, chronic chagas disease (cd) diagnosis is based on two serological techniques. to establish a definitive diagnosis, the results must be concordant. in cases of discordances, the who proposes repeating serology in a new sample, and if results remain inconclusive, a confirmatory test should be performed. this study, conducted at two tropical medicine units in europe over 4 years, aims to assess the diagnostic yield of tesa- (trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigens) blot as a ...201627317907
emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations: fungal, helminthic, protozoan and ectoparasitic infections.given increased international travel, immigration, changing climate conditions, and the increased incidence of iatrogenic immunosuppression, fungal, protozoan, helminthic, and ectoparasitic infections that were once uncommon are being seeing more frequently in the western hemisphere. however, the diagnosis and management of these infections is fraught with a lack of consistency because there is a dearth of dermatology literature on the cutaneous manifestations of these infections. in addition, d ...201627317513
[what is not searched, it is difficult to find: chagas' disease].a conservative estimation indicates that more than 400 000 latin american immigrants are living in italy. several studies have shown that among these, the prevalence of chagas disease is between 3.9% and 17%, so it is not unlikely to find a patient with this disease during a cardiology visit. how many patients from latin america are diagnosed with heart failure in italy and no one has ever thought about a possible chagas disease? this brief review describes the situation of the disease in italy, ...201627310907
knowledge of triatomine insects and of the chagas disease among people from localities which have different levels of vector infestations.community participation is the main strategy to sustainability of chagas disease entomological surveillance. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge on triatomine insects and chagas disease among the residents from eight localities of diamantina, in minas gerais, with a view to observing any associations between their knowledge and infestations by triatomines. in order to evaluate this knowledge, questionnaires were used containing both closed and open questions. they we ...201627383362
d2 region of the 28s rna gene: a too-conserved fragment for inferences on phylogeny of south american triatomines.the brasiliensis complex is composed of five triatomine species, and different approaches suggest that triatoma lenti and triatoma petrochiae may be the new members. therefore, this study sought to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within this complex by means of the d2 region of the 28s rna gene, and to analyze the degree of polymorphism and phylogenetic significance of this gene for south american triatomines. phylogenetic analysis by using sequence fragments of the d2 domain did not allo ...201627382073
the severity of ventricular arrhythmia correlates with the extent of myocardial sympathetic denervation, but not with myocardial fibrosis extent in chronic chagas cardiomyopathy : chagas disease, denervation and arrhythmia.to investigate the correlation between the extent of myocardial sympathetic denervation and fibrosis and the presence of degrees of severity of ventricular arrhythmias in chronic chagas cardiomyopathy (ccc).201627381340
phase transitions of isotropic to anisotropic biocompatible lipid-based drug delivery systems overcoming insoluble benznidazole loading.previous studies reported low benznidazole (bnz) loading in conventional emulsions due to the weak interaction of the drug with the most common oils used to produce foods or pharmaceuticals. in this study, we focused on how the type of surfactant, surfactant-to-oil ratio w/w (sor) and oil-to-water ratio w/w (owr) change the phase behavior of different lipid-based drug delivery systems (lbdds) produced by emulsion phase inversion. the surfactant mixture composed of soy phosphatidylcholine and sod ...201627376278
chagas disease has not been controlled in ecuador. 201627351178
clinical course after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: chagasic versus ischemic patients.the outcome of chagas disease patients after receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillator (icd) is still controversial.201627411097
the role of gender in chagas disease prevention and control in honduras: an analysis of communication and collaboration networks.in honduras, where chagas disease is a serious health and environmental concern, prevention measures face the challenge of achieving widespread and long-term sustainable adoption by communities. the article integrates social network analysis and a gender-sensitive approach to understand the role of men and women in the implementation of a community-level intervention, based on the adoption of housing improvements to reduce the presence of the insect vector. a total of 108 people in the community ...201627405994
pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in patients with chagas cardiomyopathy.chagas disease-related cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in latin america. despite the substantial burden to the healthcare system, there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in people with chagas disease. this is an update of a cochrane review published in 2012.201627388039
[screening of parasitic diseases in the asymptomatic immigrant population].parasitic diseases suppose an important health problem in people from high endemic areas, so these must be discarded properly. usually, these infections develop asymptomatically but, in propitious situations, are likely to reactivate themselves and can cause clinical symptoms and/or complications in the receiving country. moreover, in some cases it is possible local transmission. early diagnosis of these parasitic diseases made by appropriate parasitological techniques and its specific treatment ...201627474244
usefulness of microvolt t-wave alternans for predicting outcome in patients with chagas disease with implantable cardioverter defibrillators.chagas disease (chd) may lead to life-threatening heart disease, including malignant ventricular arrhythmias. the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (icds) has become the main therapeutic strategy for secondary prevention of scd in chagas disease (chd). microvolt t-wave alternans (mtwa) is a direct measure of ventricular repolarization instability and has emerged as a potentially useful way of determining arrhythmia vulnerability. however, this methodology has not been evaluated in p ...201627467316
identification of three cytochrome p450 genes in the chagas' disease vector triatoma infestans: expression analysis in deltamethrin susceptible and resistant populations.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases play a predominant role in the metabolism of insecticides. many insect p450 genes have frequently been associated with detoxification processes allowing the insect to become tolerant or resistant to insecticides. the increases of expression of p450 genes at transcriptional level are often consider responsible for increasing the metabolism of insecticides and seems to be a common phenomenon in the evolution of resistance development in insects. as pyrethroid resista ...201627461853
hypothesis testing clarifies the systematics of the main central american chagas disease vector, triatoma dimidiata (latreille, 1811), across its geographic range.the widespread and diverse triatoma dimidiata is the kissing bug species most important for chagas disease transmission in central america and a secondary vector in mexico and northern south america. its diversity may contribute to different chagas disease prevalence in different localities and has led to conflicting systematic hypotheses describing various populations as subspecies or cryptic species. to resolve these conflicting hypotheses, we sequenced a nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2 ...201627496718
the new incurable wound. 201627529365
scrutinizing the biomarkers for the neglected chagas disease: how remarkable!biomarkers or biosignature profiles have become accessible over time in population-based studies for chagas disease. thus, the identification of consistent and reliable indicators of the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with heart failure might facilitate the prioritization of therapeutic management to those with the highest chance of contracting this disease. the purpose of this paper is to review the recent state and the upcoming trends in biomarkers for human chagas disease. as an emerging ...201627563302
systematic review and meta-analysis of the pharmacokinetics of benznidazole in the treatment of chagas disease.chagas disease is a neglected parasitic illness affecting approximately 8 million people, predominantly in latin america. benznidazole is the drug of choice for treatment, although its availability has been limited. a paucity of knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of this drug has contributed to its limited availability in several jurisdictions. the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and a bayesian meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies to improve est ...201627550362
natural products as a source for antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal agents.natural products are compounds extracted from plants, marine organisms, fungi or bacteria. many researches for new drugs are based on these natural molecules, mainly by beneficial effects on health, health, efficacy, and therapeutic safety. leishmaniosis, chagas disease and african sleeping sickness are neglected diseases caused by the leishmania and trypanosoma ssp. parasites. these infections mainly affect population of developing countries; they have different symptoms, and may often lead to ...201627682867
persistent infectious and tropical diseases in immigrant correctional populations.a number of infectious diseases amongst travelers and the immigrant populations are a major public health concern. some have a long incubation period or remain asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic for many years before leading to significant clinical manifestations and/or complications. hiv, hepatitis b and c, tuberculosis or latent syphilis are among the most significant persistent diseases in migrants. schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis, for instance, are persistent helminthic infections that ma ...201627637104
effect of physical exercise training in patients with chagas heart disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (peach study).the effects of exercise training on chagas heart disease are still unclear. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise training over functional capacity, cardiac function, quality of life, and biomarkers in chagas heart disease.201627590681
translational activities to enable ntd vaccines.there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines for tuberculosis, hiv/aids, and malaria, as well as for chronic and debilitating infections known as neglected tropical diseases (ntds). the term "ntd" emerged at the beginning of the new millennium to describe a set of diseases that are characterized as (1) poverty related, (2) endemic to the tropics and subtropics, (3) lacking public health attention and inadequate industrial investment, (4) having poor research funding and a weak research and de ...201627571699
chronic heart disease after treatment of oral acute chagas disease.we describe the recurrence of cardiac abnormalities in a patient treated during the acute phase of chagas disease after outpatient follow-up of 5 years.201627627643
ischemic stroke classification and risk of embolism in patients with chagas disease.ischemic stroke (is) and chagas disease are strongly related. nevertheless, little attention has been paid to this association and its natural history. the current guidelines concerning the management and secondary prevention of is are largely based on the incomplete information or extrapolation of knowledge from other stroke etiologies. we performed a retrospective study which compared stroke etiologies among a cohort of hospitalized patients with is and chagas disease. the instituto de pesquis ...201627624118
detection of igg anti-leishmania antigen by flow cytometry as a diagnostic test for cutaneous leishmaniasis.diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) relies on clinical presentation, parasite isolation, histopathologic evaluation and positive montenegro skin test. however, the low amounts of parasites in the lesion of these individuals make parasite isolation and histopatologic diagnosis unreliable, often leading to false-negative results. also, 15% of people living in endemic areas have sub-clinical infection characterized by positive montenegro skin test, which may contribute to misdiagnosis. althou ...201627622535
chagas disease prevalence in pregnant women: migration and risk of congenital transmission.argentina has been a preferential target for bolivian immigrants for decades. the relatively recent migratory flux includes germany, france, the united states, australia, japan, and some latin american countries. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of chagas disease in pregnant women, analyzing the bolivian-specific chagas prevalence as the main contributor of migratory populations from chagas disease-endemic areas to buenos aires city, argentina, and to evaluate ...201627694720
towards control of chagas disease: the contribution of the new brazilian consensus. 201627982291
combined analysis of cross-reacting antibodies anti-β1ar and anti-b13 in advanced stages of chagas heart disease.autoantibodies cross-reacting with the β1 adrenergic receptor (anti-β1ar and anti-p2β) and cardiac myosin antigens (anti-b13) have been related to the pathogenesis of chronic chagas heart disease (cchd). studies exploring their levels in different stages are scarce. we aimed to evaluate the relationship of these autoantibodies with the clinical profile of chronic patients, especially regarding their classificatory accuracy in severe presentation with heart failure.201627699992
a simple, biologically sound, and potentially useful working classification of chagas disease vectors.current working classifications of chagas disease vectors rely on a loose mix-up of biological and operational matters. they are therefore confusing and ineffective. i propose a very simple classification that makes biological sense and can be operationally useful. it considers a four-level hierarchy of species (which can be native or non-native); populations (either wild or non-wild); infestation foci (natural, domestic or peridomestic); and individual bugs (which can be solitary house-invaders ...201627759764
archaeosomes: an excellent carrier for drug and cell delivery.archaeosomes as liposomes made with one or more ether lipids that are unique to the domain of archaeobacteria, found in archaea constitute a novel family of liposome. achaean-type lipids consist of archaeol (diether) and/or caldarchaeol (tetraether) core structures. archaeosomes can be produced using standard procedures (hydrated film submitted to sonication, extrusion and detergent dialysis) at any temperature in the physiological range or lower, therefore making it possible to encapsulate ther ...201625777339
identification of potential inhibitor and enzyme-inhibitor complex on trypanothione reductase to control chagas disease.chagas is a parasitic disease with major threat to public health due to its resistance against commonly available drugs. trypanothione reductase (tryr) is the key enzyme to develop this disease. though this enzyme is well thought-out as potential drug target, the accurate structure of enzyme-inhibitor complex is required to design a potential inhibitor which is less available for tryr. in this research, we aimed to investigate the advanced drug over the available existing drugs by designing inhi ...201627744094
new approaches to overcome transport related drug resistance in trypanosomatid parasites.leishmania and trypanosoma are members of the trypanosomatidae family that cause severe human infections such as leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and sleeping sickness affecting millions of people worldwide. despite efforts to eradicate them, migrations are expanding these infections to developing countries. there are no vaccines available and current treatments depend only on chemotherapy. drug resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of these diseases given that existing drugs are old an ...201627733833
parasites.parasites are an important cause of human disease worldwide. the clinical severity and outcome of parasitic disease is often dependent on the immune status of the host. specific parasitic diseases discussed in this chapter are amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, cystoisosporiasis, microsporidosis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, malaria, babesiosis, strongyloidiasis, and scabies.201627726821
demographic effects of deltamethrin resistance in the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans (heteroptera: reduviidae) klug is the main vector of chagas disease in latin america. resistance to deltamethrin was reported in argentina and recently associated with reproductive and longevity trade-offs. the objectives of the present study were to describe the demographic consequences of deltamethrin resistance in t. infestans and to establish possible target stages for chemical control in susceptible and resistant colonies. a stage-classified matrix model was constructed b ...201627677531
burden of heart failure in latin america: a systematic review and meta-analysis.heart failure is a major public health concern. the aim of this review was to estimate the burden of heart failure in latin america.201627553287
the potential of secondary metabolites from plants as drugs or leads against protozoan neglected diseases-part iii: in-silico molecular docking investigations.malaria, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and human african trypanosomiasis continue to cause considerable suffering and death in developing countries. current treatment options for these parasitic protozoal diseases generally have severe side effects, may be ineffective or unavailable, and resistance is emerging. there is a constant need to discover new chemotherapeutic agents for these parasitic infections, and natural products continue to serve as a potential source. this review presents molecu ...201627775577
estimating the burden of chagas disease in the united states.in recent years, there has been growing awareness of the significant burden of chagas disease in the united states (us). however, epidemiological data on both prevalence and access to care for this disease are limited. the objective of this study is to provide an updated national estimate of chagas disease prevalence, the first state-level estimates of cases of t. cruzi infection in the us and to analyze these estimates in the context of data on confirmed cases of infection in the us blood suppl ...201627820837
assessment of the housing improvement program for chagas disease control in the northwestern municipalities of rio grande do sul, brazil.the housing improvement program for chagas disease control (hipcdc) was established in 2001 in northwestern rio grande do sul state, aiming to improve the conditions of the domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments to make them resistant to triatomine colonization. this study aimed to assess the impact of the hipcdc on triatomine control by developing local population and authority awareness on the issue.201627812651
heart failure secondary to chagas disease: an emerging problem in non-endemic areas.chagas disease affects millions of people worldwide. though the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, approximately 30 % of patients progress to develop cardiac manifestations and eventual heart failure. while vectorial transmission occurs predominantly in south america, central america, and mexico, millions of people originally from these endemic regions immigrate to non-endemic countries in north america, europe, and asia. outside of rare specialized centers, health-care provid ...201627807757
nucleolar persistence: peculiar characteristic of spermatogenesis of the vectors of chagas disease (hemiptera, triatominae).all species of triatomines are considered potential vectors of chagas disease and the reproductive biology of these bugs has been studied by different approaches. in 1999, nucleolar persistence during meiosis was observed in the subfamily for the first time. recently, it has been observed that all species within the genus rhodnius exhibit the same phenomenon, suggesting that it may be a synapomorphy of the triatomines. thus, this article aims to analyze the nucleolar behavior during spermatogene ...201627645782
correction: molecular diagnosis of chagas disease in colombia: parasitic loads and discrete typing units in patients from acute and chronic phases.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004997.].201627792732
health care seeking behavior of persons with acute chagas disease in rural argentina: a qualitative view.chagas disease (cd) is a tropical parasitic disease largely underdiagnosed and mostly asymptomatic affecting marginalized rural populations. argentina regularly reports acute cases of cd, mostly young individuals under 14 years old. there is a void of knowledge of health care seeking behavior in subjects experiencing a cd acute condition. early treatment of the acute case is crucial to limit subsequent development of disease. the article explores how the health outcome of persons with acute cd m ...201627829843
[rural endemic diseases, health and development: emmanuel dias and the construction of a network of allies against chagas disease].the scope of this article is to analyze the trajectory of emmanuel dias (1908-1962), a researcher at the oswaldo cruz institute (oci) and director of the center for studies and prophylaxis of chagas disease (oci outpost established in 1943 in the city of bambuí, minas gerais), as a key actor in the acknowledgement of chagas disease as a public health problem in brazil and the americas. it seeks to show that the conquest of this acknowledgement, the cornerstone of which was the staging of the fir ...201627828594
neuropeptidomics in triatoma infestans. comparative transcriptomic analysis among triatomines.chagas' disease, affecting up to 6-7 million people worldwide, is transmitted to humans through the feces of triatomine kissing bugs. from these, rhodnius prolixus, triatoma dimidiata, triatoma infestans and triatoma pallidipennis are important vectors distributed throughout the latin american subcontinent. resistance to pyrethroids has been developed by some triatomine populations, especially t. infestans, obstructing their control. given their role in the regulation of physiological processes, ...201627993629
changes in the paradigm of clinical and therapeutic management of chagas' disease: progress and perspectives in the pursuit of comprehensive health. 201627869915
modeling the effects of palm-house proximity on the theoretical risk of chagas disease transmission in a rural locality of the orinoco basin, colombia.chagas disease is a major public health concern in latin america and it is transmitted by insects of the subfamily triatominae, including rhodnius spp. since palm trees are ubiquitous in colombia and a habitat for rhodnius spp., the presence of palms near villages could increase contact rates between vectors and humans. therefore, knowing whether a relationship exists between the proximity of palms to villages and the abundance and distribution of vectors therein, may be critical for chagas dise ...201627863520
benznidazole use among patients with chronic chagas' cardiomyopathy in an endemic region of brazil.chagas disease (cd) is a neglected tropical disease that affects individuals in almost every country in latin america. there are two available drugs with antiparasitic profiles; however, only benznidazole (bzn) has been approved for commercialization in brazil. the usefulness of prescribing bzn for patients with chronic chagas cardiomyopathy (ccc) is controversial. there are no studies in the literature describing the extent of bzn use at this stage or the profile of patients using this drug. th ...201627855177
prehistoric pathoecology as represented by parasites of a mummy from the peruaçu valley, brazil.paleopathologists have begun exploring the pathoecology of parasitic diseases in relation to diet and environment. we are summarizing the parasitological findings from a mummy in the site of lapa do boquete, a brazilian cave in the state of minas gerais. these findings in context of the archaeology of the site provided insights into the pathoecology of disease transmission in cave and rockshelter environments. we are presenting a description of the site followed by the evidence of hookworm, inte ...201627853115
bug smash, bug splash: a case report of an unusual transmission of american trypanosomiasis with a brief review of the literature.background chagas disease is a chronic parasitosis transmitted by the inoculation of infected triatomine feces into wounds or conjunctival sac, transfusion, congenitally, organ transplantation, and ingestion of contaminated food. the disease is classified into an acute and chronic phase; the latter is a life-long infection that can be asymptomatic or progress to cardiac or digestive complications. case report we report a case of acute-phase chagas disease, transmitted by the splash of gut conten ...201628031550
morphological and genetic differentiation within the southernmost vector of chagas disease: triatoma patagonica (hemiptera - reduviidae).the epidemiological importance of chagas disease vectors largely depends on their spreading ability and adaptation to domestic habitats. triatoma patagonica is a secondary vector of chagas disease endemic of argentina, and it has been found colonizing domiciles and most commonly peridomiciliary structures in several argentine provinces and morphological variation along its distribution range have been described. to asses if population differentiation represents geographic variants or true biolog ...201628005972
dipeptidyl nitroalkenes as potent reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases rhodesain and cruzain.dipeptidyl nitroalkenes are potent reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases. inhibitor 11 resulted to be the most potent one with ki values of 0.49 and 0.44 nm against rhodesain and cruzain, respectively. according to enzymatic dilution and dialysis experiments, as well as computational and nmr studies, dipeptidyl nitroalkenes are tightly binding covalent reversible inhibitors.201627994740
[history of the department of neurology at the university of buenos aires (1887-2007)].in 1887, only five years after jean-martin charcot was awarded the head of neurology at "la salpetrière" in paris, josé maría ramos mejía became the first professor of neurology in south america, at the school of medicine of the university of buenos aires. ramos mejía convoked three assistants, the neuropathologist christofredo jakob, the clinician josé a. esteves and josé ingenieros. hence it followed that neurology in argentina took a stand based on a clinical neurology-neuropathology approach ...201628282088
[social factors associated with use of prenatal care in ecuador].prenatal care is a pillar of public health, enabling access to interventions including prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hiv and congenital syphilis. this paper describes social factors related to use of prenatal care in ecuador.201628076583
knowledge and experiences of chagas disease in bolivian women living in spain: a qualitative study.background in europe, spain has the highest number of people with chagas disease (cd). bolivian migrants account for 81% of the reported cases. one of the priorities in controlling the disease is prevention of mother-to-child transmission. despite under-diagnosis in spain being estimated at 90%, there are currently few studies that explore the social and cultural dimensions of this disease. objective the aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and experiences of bolivian women with cd, in ...201628157048
the burden of infectious diseases in the brazilian southern state of santa catarina.infectious diseases are still significant causes of deaths in brazil. the objective of this study was to estimate the burden of selected infectious diseases in the brazilian southern state of santa catarina in 2011. an ecological study was conducted. the infectious diseases included were hiv/aids, tuberculosis, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, chagas disease, diarrheal diseases and other infectious diseases. data were collected from official health information systems. disability adjusted life years (d ...201626608780
chagas heart failure in patients from latin america.physicians working in europe and the united states should suspect chagas heart failure in every patient coming from latin america with chronic heart failure. diagnosis should be confirmed by positive serology. right bundle branch block and left anterior fascicular block on 12-lead electrocardiogram, enlarged cardiac silhouette with no pulmonary congestion on chest x-ray and left ventricular apical aneurysm on echocardiography are the distinctive features of this condition. the clinical course is ...201628785459
[role of autoantibodies against 1-adrenergic receptor in cardiovascular disease].according to current knowledge, autoantibodies against 1-adrenergic receptors may be involved in pathogenesis of different cardiovascular diseases and are mostly studied in patients with chagas disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart rhythm disorders. they may play an important role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alteration of their chrono- and inotropic effects and electrophysiological characteristics. their effects are transduced via 1-adrenergic receptors and depend on multiple factors as liga ...201628290809
tyrosine detoxification is an essential trait in the life history of blood-feeding arthropods.blood-feeding arthropods are vectors of infectious diseases such as dengue, zika, chagas disease, and malaria [1], and vector control is essential to limiting disease spread. because these arthropods ingest very large amounts of blood, a protein-rich meal, huge amounts of amino acids are produced during digestion. previous work on rhodnius prolixus, a vector of chagas disease, showed that, among all amino acids, only tyrosine degradation enzymes were overexpressed in the midgut compared to other ...201627476595
antiprotozoal activity of extracts of elaeodendron trichotomum (celastraceae).chagas disease, amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis represent a serious health problem in latin america. the drugs employed to treat these illnesses produce important side effects and resistant strains have appeared. the present study was aimed to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of leaves, stem bark and root bark of elaeodendron trichotomum, a celastraceus, that is used in mexico as an anti-infective in febrile-type diseases.201628852732
[challenges and inputs of the gender perspective to the study of vector borne diseases].the analysis of social determinants and gender within the health-disease-care process is an imperative to understand the variables that define the vulnerability of populations, their exposure risks, the determinants of their care, and the organization and participation in prevention and control programs. ecohealth incorporates the study of the social determinants and gender perspectives because the emergency of dengue, malaria and chagas disease are bound to unplanned urbanization, deficient san ...201625629281
morphology and physiology of the olfactory system of blood-feeding insects.several blood-feeding (hematophagous) insects are vectors of a number of diseases including dengue, chagas disease and leishmaniasis which persistently affect public health throughout latin america. the vectors of those diseases include mosquitoes, triatomine bugs and sandflies. as vector control is an efficient way to prevent these illnesses it is important to understand the sensory biology of those harmful insects. we study the physiology of the olfactory system of those insects and apply that ...201624836537
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in dengue, malaria, and acute chagas disease.extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is widely used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and myocarditis. severe vector-mediated diseases may be complicated by ards or myocarditis, which are both associated with a high mortality rate. we present six cases of severe dengue, malaria, and acute chagas disease that were treated with ecmo from september 2007 to september 2015. patients included two pediatric and four adults (ages 12 to 48). survival to decannulation was 83% and to disc ...201627922884
[scintigraphic study of gallbladder emptying in chronic chagas' disease].previous studies on gallbladder motility in chagas' disease, which is known to be associated with diffuse destruction of intramural neurons, have produced conflicting results. in the present study we reevaluated this question by submitting chronic chagasic patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 12) to a cholescintigraphic study of gallbladder emptying in response to a single intra-venous injection of 60 ng/kg cerulein 90 min after administration of 99mtc-hida. five min. before and immediately befor ...20163144963
could carlos chagas' assumption on the relationship between goiter and chronic chagas heart disease be correct? a historical reappraisal.in 1910, chagas divided the clinical manifestations of the chronic form of chagas disease according to heart, central nervous system, and thyroid involvement, particularly the presence of goiter. chagas emphasized the association of goiter with poor houses infested with kissing bugs, the similarity of the clinical picture with that of patients underwent partial thyroidectomy, and with the presence of thyroid sclerosis (inflammation) on histological examination. in addition, chagas observed that ...201626433162
transposition burst of mariner-like elements in the sequenced genome of rhodnius prolixus.transposable elements (tes) are widespread in insect's genomes. however, there are wide differences in the proportion of the total dna content occupied by these repetitive sequences in different species. we have analyzed the tes present in r. prolixus (vector of the chagas disease) and showed that 3.0% of this genome is occupied by class ii tes, belonging mainly to the tc1-mariner superfamily (1.65%) and mites (1.84%). interestingly, most of this genomic content is due to the expansion of two su ...201626363296
comparison of electrophysiological parameters of septal and apical endocardial cardiac stimulation.the conventional right ventricle (rv) endocardial pacing leads qrs widening and desynchronization myocardial compromising ventricular function. with the need for stimulation less deleterious, rv septal pacing has been used more. eventually have been reported higher thresholds and smaller r waves in the septal stimulation.201622996969
[josé lima pedreira de freitas and the redefinition and control of chagas disease].a brief overview of the evolution of knowledge about chagas disease since its discovery by carlos chagas in 1909 until the mid-1940s is presented. the trajectory of physician pedreira de freitas and his growing involvement in research in the area led to his contributions to laboratory diagnosis - which lent consistency and security to epidemiological surveys of chagas disease - and the redefinition of the scale of the disease in brazil and the americas with its terrible social and economic impac ...201627557035
aortic counterpulsation therapy in patients with advanced heart failure: analysis of the tbridge registry.the use of aortic counterpulsation therapy in advanced heart failure is controversial.201626690691
comprehensive left ventricular mechanics analysis by speckle tracking echocardiography in chagas disease.chagas disease (cd) is a frequent cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (cmp) in developing countries, leading to clinical heart failure and worse prognosis. therefore, the development and evolution of this cmp has always been a major topic in numbers of previous studies. a comprehensive echocardiographic study of left ventricular (lv) mechanics, fully assessing myocardial contraction, has never been done before. this could help characterize and improve the understanding of the evolution of this preva ...201627229468
carlos chagas discoveries as a drop back to scientific construction of chronic chagas heart disease.the scientific construction of chronic chagas heart disease (cchd) started in 1910 when carlos chagas highlighted the presence of cardiac arrhythmia during physical examination of patients with chronic chagas disease, and described a case of heart failure associated with myocardial inflammation and nests of parasites at autopsy. he described sudden cardiac death associated with arrhythmias in 1911, and its association with complete av block detected by jacquet's polygraph as chagas reported in 1 ...201627223644
presence of chromatoid bodies in the rhodnius genus detected by cytochemical analysis.in addition to the epidemiological importance regarding the transmission of chagas disease, triatomines are also important biological models for cellular studies, because they have holocentric chromosomes, post-reductional meiosis for sex chromosomes, and nucleolar persistence. although the nucleolus is present during spermiogenesis, it was suggested that it is inactivated and all transcriptional activity necessary for cell differentiation is supported by the chromatoid body (cb). thus, consider ...201627173249
histone epigenetic marks in heterochromatin and euchromatin of the chagas' disease vector, triatoma infestans.triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease, shows several particular cell biology characteristics, including the presence of conspicuous heterochromatic bodies (chromocenters) where dna methylation has not been previously detected. whether histone modifications contribute to the condensed state of these bodies has not yet been studied. here, we investigated epigenetic modifications of histones h3 and h4 and presence of the non-histone heterochromatin protein (hp1-α) in the chromocenters and ...201627079857
scaffold proteins lack and track as potential drug targets in kinetoplastid parasites: development of inhibitors.parasitic diseases cause ∼ 500,000 deaths annually and remain a major challenge for therapeutic development. using a rational design based approach, we developed peptide inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity that were derived from the sequences of parasite scaffold proteins lack (leishmania's receptor for activated c-kinase) and track (trypanosoma receptor for activated c-kinase). we hypothesized that sequences in lack and track that are conserved in the parasites, but not in the mammalian ort ...201627054066
2 nd brazilian consensus on chagas disease, 2015.chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. it has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. the disease represents a significant public health issue in brazil, with different regional patterns. this document presents the evidence that resulted in the brazilian consensus on chagas disease. the objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of chagas disease in the country, bas ...201627982292
cardiac magnetic resonance-verified myocardial fibrosis in chagas disease: clinical correlates and risk stratification.chagas disease (cd) is an important cause of heart failure and mortality, mainly in latin america. this study evaluated the morphological and functional characteristics of the heart as well the extent of myocardial fibrosis (mf) in patients with cd by cardiac magnetic resonance (cmr). the prognostic value of mf evaluated by myocardial-delayed enhancement (mde) was compared with that via rassi score.201627982271
chagas' heart disease: gender differences in myocardial damage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.since a male-related higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chagas' heart disease has been reported, we aimed to investigate gender differences in myocardial damage assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (cmr).201627890014
[brazilian consensus on chagas disease, 2015].chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition that presents high morbidity and mortality burden, with considerable psychological, social, and economic impact. the disease represents a significant public health issue in brazil, with different regional patterns. this document presents the evidence that resulted in the brazilian consensus on chagas disease. the objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of chagas disease in the country, ba ...201627869914
heterochromatin base pair composition and diversification in holocentric chromosomes of kissing bugs (hemiptera, reduviidae).the subfamily triatominae (hemiptera, reduviidae) includes 150 species of blood-sucking insects, vectors of chagas disease or american trypanosomiasis. karyotypic information reveals a striking stability in the number of autosomes. however, this group shows substantial variability in genome size, the amount and distribution of c-heterochromatin, and the chromosome positions of 45s rdna clusters. here, we analysed the karyotypes of 41 species from six different genera with c-fluorescence banding ...201627759763
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