Publications

identification of snip1, a novel protein that interacts with snf1-related protein kinase (snrk1).	plant snf1-related protein kinase (snrk1) phosphorylates 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a, nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase in vitro, and is required for expression of sucrose synthase in potato tubers and excised leaves. in this study, a barley (hordeum vulgare) endosperm cdna, snip1, was isolated by two-hybrid screening with barley snrk1b, a seed-specific form of snrk1. the protein encoded by the snip1 cdna was found to interact with barley snrk1b protein in vitro. souther ...	2002	12008897
a plant gene up-regulated at rust infection sites.	expression of the fis1 gene from flax (linum usitatissimum) is induced by a compatible rust (melampsora lini) infection. infection of transgenic plants containing a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of the fis1 promoter showed that induction is highly localized to those leaf mesophyll cells within and immediately surrounding rust infection sites. the level of induction reflects the extent of fungal growth. in a strong resistance reaction, such as the hypersensitive fleck m ...	2002	12011348
antibacterial effect of a magnetic field on serratia marcescens and related virulence to hordeum vulgare and rubus fruticosus callus cells.	the exposure to a static magnetic field of 80+/-20 gauss (8+/-2 mt) resulted in the inhibition of serratia marcescens growth. callus cell suspensions from hordeum vulgare and rubus fruticosus were also examined and only the former was found to be affected by the magnetic field, which induced a decreased viability. s. marcescens was shown to be virulent only toward h. vulgare and this virulence was reduced by the presence of the magnetic field. the modification of glutathione peroxidase activity ...	2002	12031461
genomic regions determining resistance to leaf stripe (pyrenophora graminea) in barley.	leaf stripe is a seed-borne disease of barley (hordeum vulgare) caused by pyrenophora graminea. little is known about the genetics of resistance to this pathogen. in the present work, qtl analysis was applied on two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations derived from two- and six-rowed barley genotypes with different levels of partial resistance to barley leaf stripe. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance were identified using the composite interval mapping (cim) method of plabqtl so ...	2002	12033613
contribution of cytophaga-like bacteria to the potential of turnover of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus by bacteria in the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	the functional potential of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in may, july, and august and cultivated on nutrient-rich substrate (1/10 tsba) and nutrient-poor substrate (cold soil extract agar) was determined. there was no significant difference in numbers of cfu when counted on nutrient rich or poor substrate. bacterial numbers increased approximately 3-fold in the rhizosphere soil from may to august but was unchanged in bulk soil over the same period. a tota ...	2002	12037608
trypsin-like proteinase produced by fusarium culmorum grown on grain proteins.	the fungal disease fusarium head blight occurs on wheat (triticum spp.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and is one of the worldwide problems of agriculture. it can be caused by various fusarium species. we are characterizing the proteinases of f. culmorum to investigate how they may help the fungus to attack the grain. a trypsin-like proteinase has been purified from a gluten-containing culture medium of f. culmorum. the enzyme was maximally active at about ph 9 and 45 degrees c, but was not sta ...	2002	12059170
initial proteome analysis of mature barley seeds and malt.	several barley (hordeum vulgare) cultivars are used in the production of malt for brewing. the malt quality depends on the cultivar, its growth and storage conditions, and the industrial process. to enhance studies on malt quality, we embarked on a proteome analysis approach for barley seeds and malt. the proteome analysis includes two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics for identification of selected proteins. this project initially focused on proteins i ...	2002	12112856
the barley mlo modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stress stimuli.	lack of the barley (hordeum vulgare) seven-transmembrane domain mlo protein confers resistance against the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). to broaden the basis for mlo structure/function studies, we sequenced additional mlo resistance alleles, two of which confer only partial resistance. wild-type mlo dampens the cell wall-restricted hydrogen peroxide burst at points of attempted fungal penetration of the epidermal cell wall, and in subtending mesophyll cells, it suppresse ...	2002	12114562
proteome analysis of grain filling and seed maturation in barley.	in monocotyledonous plants, the process of seed development involves the deposition of reserves in the starchy endosperm and development of the embryo and aleurone layer. the final stages of seed development are accompanied by an increase in desiccation tolerance and drying out of the mature seed. we have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for a time-resolved study of the changes in proteins that occur during seed development in barley (hordeum vulgare). about 1,000 low-salt extractable pr ...	2002	12114584
nitric oxide acts as an antioxidant and delays programmed cell death in barley aleurone layers.	nitric oxide (no) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free radical and an important signaling molecule in animals. in plants, no influences aspects of growth and development, and can affect plant responses to stress. in some cases, the effects of no are the result of its interaction with reactive oxygen species (ros). these interactions can be cytotoxic or protective. because gibberellin (ga)-induced programmed cell death (pcd) in barley (hordeum vulgare cv himalaya) aleurone layers is mediated by r ...	2002	12177477
the search for qtl in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) using a new mapping population.	ninety-nine different lines of the doubled-haploid f2 winter barley population w766 ('angora' x 'w704/137') were genetically fingerprinted using aflp, microsatellite, morphological and resistance markers. a preliminary map consisting of seven linkage groups is presented. the map contains a highly distorted region on the long arm of chromosome 3h reflecting preselection of the genotypes for resistance against barley mild mosaic virus. qtl analysis of morphological and phenological traits yielded ...	2002	12378258
function of a plant stress-induced gene, hva22. synthetic enhancement screen with its yeast homolog reveals its role in vesicular traffic.	expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare) hva22 gene is induced by environmental stresses, such as dehydration, salinity, and extreme temperatures, and by a plant stress hormone, abscisic acid. genes sharing high level of sequence similarities with hva22 exist in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in any prokaryotic organisms. the yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) hva22 homolog, yop1p, has been shown to interact with the gtpase-interacting protein, yip1p. ...	2002	12427979
isolation of fungal cell wall degrading proteins from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves infected with rhynchosporium secalis.	proteins with antifungal activity towards rhynchosporium secalis conidia were isolated from the intercellular washing fluid (iwf) of barley leaves. the active components were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography under conditions that maintained biological activity. five major barley iwf proteins deleterious to the cell wall of viable r. secalis conidia were isolated and identified by a combination of n-terminal amino acid sequencing, peptide mapping, and determination of mass and i ...	2002	12437301
impact of biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on rhizosphere bacteria isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) with special reference to cytophaga-like bacteria.	to assess the impact of the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 on a collection of barley rhizosphere bacteria using an agar plate inhibition assay and a plant microcosm, focusing on a cha0-sensitive member of the cytophaga-like bacteria (clb).	2002	12452964
heterogeneous geographic patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity between two alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild barley (hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum).	patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity in the predominantly self-fertilizing species hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum (wild barley) are compared between the putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3 locus (denoted "adh3") and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1), two related but unlinked loci. the data consist of a sequence sample of 1,873 bp of "adh3" drawn from 25 accessions that span the species range. there were 104 polymorphic sites in the sequenced region of "adh3." the data reveal a strong geogr ...	2001	11149938
sequence haplotypes revealed by sequence-tagged site fine mapping of the ror1 gene in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h.	we describe the development of polymerase chain reaction-based, sequence-tagged site (sts) markers for fine mapping of the barley (hordeum vulgare) ror1 gene required for broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). after locating ror1 to the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h using a combined amplified fragment length polymorphism/restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp) approach, sequences of rflp probes from this chromosome region of barley and ...	2001	11244105
the stress- and abscisic acid-induced barley gene hva22: developmental regulation and homologues in diverse organisms.	abscisic acid (aba) induces the expression of a battery of genes in mediating plant responses to environmental stresses. here we report one of the early aba-inducible genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), hva22, which shares little homology with other aba-responsive genes such as lea (late embryogenesis-abundant) and rab (responsive to aba) genes. in grains, the expression of hva22 gene appears to be correlated with the dormancy status. the level of hva22 mrna increases during grain development, ...	2001	11292078
antioxidant effects of water extracts from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) prepared under different roasting temperatures.	the antioxidant effects of water extracts of roasted barley (werb) were investigated under different roasting temperatures and compared with those of the water extracts of unroasted barley (weub). it was found that the maillard reaction products increased upon increasing the roasting temperatures. both werb and weub exhibited significant antioxidant activities in linoleic acid and liposome model systems. although werb and weub afforded considerable protection against the damage of deoxyribose an ...	2001	11312880
assessment of toxicity reduction after metal removal in bioleached sewage sludge.	sewage sludge can be applied to land to supply and recycle organic matter and nutrients. trace elements in sludge, however, may accumulate in the soil with repeated sludge applications. reducing metal content may therefore reduce the adverse effects of sludge application. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bioleaching technology in reducing metal content and toxicity as measured by a battery of terrestrial and liquid-phase bioassays. sludge-soil mixtures simulating the ...	2001	11317888
barley arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases: purification, characterization and determination of primary structures from cdna clones.	a family 51 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase, designated axah-i, has been purified from extracts of 7-day-old barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings by fractional precipitation with (nh(4))(2)so(4) and ion-exchange chromatography. the enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 65 kda and releases l-arabinose from cereal cell wall arabinoxylans with a ph optimum of 4.3, a catalytic rate constant (k(cat)) of 6.9 s(-1) and a catalytic efficiency factor (k(cat)/k(m)) of 0.76 (ml x s(-1) x mg(-1)). w ...	2001	11336650
in vivo evidence that ids3 from hordeum vulgare encodes a dioxygenase that converts 2'-deoxymugineic acid to mugineic acid in transgenic rice.	we proposed that an fe-deficiency-induced gene, ids3 (iron deficiency specific clone no. 3), from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots encodes a dioxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation step from 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) to mugineic acid (ma). to prove this hypothesis, we introduced the ids3 gene into rice (oryza sativa l.), which lacks ids3 homologues and secretes dma, but not ma. transgenic rice plants, carrying either ids3 cdna or a barley genomic dna fragment (20 kb) containing ids3, wer ...	2001	11346963
enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species are down-regulated prior to gibberellic acid-induced programmed cell death in barley aleurone.	gibberellins (gas) initiate a series of events that culminate in programmed cell death, whereas abscisic acid (aba) prevents this process. reactive oxygen species (ros) are key elements in aleurone programmed cell death. incubation of barley (hordeum vulgare) aleurone layers in h2o2 causes rapid death of all cells in ga- but not aba-treated layers. sensitivity to h2o2 in ga-treated aleurone cells results from a decreased ability to metabolize ros. the amounts and activities of ros scavenging enz ...	2001	11351079
expression of resistance to blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in 'chinese spring' wheat addition lines containing chromosomes from hordeum vulgare and h. chilense.	blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (syn. erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) causes an important disease of wheat (powdery mildew) to which hordeum vulgare and h. chilense are resistant. the study of chromosomal addition lines of h. vulgare and h. chilense in wheat showed that they possessed resistance to wheat powdery mildew. this was expressed as a reduction of disease severity but it was not associated with increased macroscopically visible necrosis. the resistance is of broad genetic basis, confer ...	2001	11525065
analysis of barley chloroplast psbd light-responsive promoter elements in transplastomic tobacco.	the plastid gene psbd encodes d2, a photosystem ii reaction center chlorophyll-binding protein. psbd is transcribed from a conserved chloroplast promoter that is activated by blue, white, or uv-a light. in this study, various forms of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) chloroplast psbd-lrp were fused to the uida reporter gene and introduced into the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plastid genome through homologous recombination. primer extension analysis of transcripts from the psbd-lrp-uida constru ...	2001	11587507
evidence for symplastic phloem unloading in sink leaves of barley.	the pathway of phloem unloading in sink barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves was studied using a combination of electron microscopy, carboxyfluorescein transport, and systemic movement of barley stripe mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein. studies of plasmodesmatal frequencies between the phloem and mesophyll indicated a symplastic sieve element- (se) unloading pathway involving thick-walled and thin-walled ses. phloem-translocated carboxyfluorescein was unloaded rapidly from major l ...	2001	11154330
phosphorus accumulation in cultivated soils from long-term annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.	historically, manure has been recognized as an excellent soil amendment that can improve soil quality and provide nutrients for crop production. in areas of high animal density, however, the potential for water pollution resulting from improper storage or disposal of manure may be significant. the objective of this study was to determine the p balance of cultivated soils under barley (hordeum vulgare l.) production that have received long-term annual manure amendments. nonirrigated soils at the ...	2001	11215658
gramine increase associated with rapid and transient systemic resistance in barley seedlings induced by mechanical and biological stresses.	systemic acquired resistance (sar) is one of the intriguing issues for studying the mechanism in signal transduction system in a whole plant. we found that sar and increase of an antifungal compound were induced rapidly and transiently in barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. goseshikoku) by mechanical and biological stresses. one of the major antifungal compounds was identified as an indole alkaloid, gramine (n,n-dimethyl-3-aminomethylindole), by mass spectrum and nmr analyses. gramine is well known a ...	2001	11673626
functional analysis of salt-inducible proline transporter of barley roots.	we cloned a cdna encoding hordeum vulgare proline transporter (hvprot) from salt-stressed barley roots by differential display. hvprot was 2,161 bp long and had an open reading frame encoding 450 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of hvprot was similar to those of proline transporter proteins of rice (65.7%), arabidopsis (57.7%) and tomato (42.0%). northern blot analysis showed that the transcript level of hvprot was induced in roots at 30 min after 200 mm nacl treatment and its peak w ...	2001	11726714
gamyb-like genes, flowering, and gibberellin signaling in arabidopsis.	we have identified three arabidopsis genes with gamyb-like activity, atmyb33, atmyb65, and atmyb101, which can substitute for barley (hordeum vulgare) gamyb in transactivating the barley alpha-amylase promoter. we have investigated the relationships between gibberellins (gas), these gamyb-like genes, and petiole elongation and flowering of arabidopsis. within 1 to 2 d of transferring plants from short- to long-day photoperiods, growth rate and erectness of petioles increased, and there were morp ...	2001	11743113
construction of a yac library from barley cultivar franka and identification of yac-derived markers linked to the rh2 gene conferring resistance to scald (rhynchosporium secalis).	the rh2 resistance gene of barley (hordeum vulgare) confers resistance against the scald pathogen (rhynchosporium secalis). a high-resolution genetic map of the rh2 region on chromosome i (7h) was established by the use of molecular markers. tightly linked markers from this region were used to screen existing and a newly constructed yeast artificial chromosome (yac) library of barley cv. franka composed of 45,000 clones representing approximately two genome equivalents. corresponding yac clones ...	2001	11768206
[localization of dna probes for human ribosomal genes on barley chromosomes].	to estimate the possibility of plant genome mapping using human genome probes, the probes fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) of human 18s-28s rdna (clon 22f9 from the la-13nco1 library) was carried out on chromosomes of the spring barley hordeum vulgare l. as a control, wheat rdna probe (clon pta71) was taken. hybridization of the wheat dna probe revealed two major labelling sites on mitotic barley chromosomes 5i (7h) and 6i (6h), as well as several minor sites. with the human dna probe, s ...	2001	11785302
freezing of barley studied by infrared video thermography.	freezing of barley (hordeum vulgare), hordeum murinum, and holcus lanatus was studied using infrared video thermography. in the field, ice could enter h. lanatus leaves through hydathodes. in laboratory tests with barley, initially 0.4% of the leaf water froze, spreading in alternate strips of high and low freezing intensity longitudinally at 1 to 4 cm s(-1), and simultaneously spreading laterally at 0.3 cm s(-1). similar results were obtained in the field with h. lanatus. a distinct second, mor ...	2001	11154332
the arabidopsis protein shi represses gibberellin responses in arabidopsis and barley.	the current model of gibberellin (ga) signal transduction is based on a derepressible system and a number of candidate negative regulators have been identified in arabidopsis. we previously have reported the identification of the arabidopsis gene short internodes (shi) that causes suppression of ga responses when constitutively activated. in this paper, we show by using reporter gene analysis that the shi gene is expressed in young organs, e.g. shoot apices and root tips. the model predicts a su ...	2001	11706176
transposon-mediated single-copy gene delivery leads to increased transgene expression stability in barley.	instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. based on maize transposable elements activator (ac) and dissociation (ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare var golden promise) plants, each carrying a single transgene copy at different locations. plants expressing ac transposase (actpase) were cros ...	2001	11244115
cloning of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene from barley and enhanced thermotolerance by overexpressing in arabidopsis thaliana.	a full-length cdna clone (hvapx1) encoding a peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haruna-nijyo) leaves by differential display. the deduced amino acid sequence of the hvapx1 gene had 75.3% homology to that from the gossypium hirsutum glyoxysomal apx gene and 72.1% homology to that from the arabidopsis thaliana peroxisomal apx gene, apx3. southern blot analysis indicated that a single-copy gene in the barley genome encoded hvapx1. northern blot analy ...	2001	11483357
multi-temperature effects on hill reaction activity of barley chloroplasts.	1. the relationship between temperature and hill reaction activity has been investigated in chloroplasts isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. abyssinian). 2. an arrhenius plot of the photoreduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (dcip) showed no change in slope over the temperature range 2--38degreesc. the apparent arrhenius activation energy (ea) for the reaction was 48.1 kj/mol. 3. in the presence of an uncoupler of photophosphorylation, methylamine, the ea for dcip photoreduction wen ...	2001	61041
leaf surfaces and the bioavailability of pesticide residues.	laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity to folsomia candida willem (collembola: isotomidae) of residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, and an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, on different leaf surfaces. the test leaves included a range of species and leaves of different ages. dose-response relationships were estimated for f candida walking over the various treated leaf substrates. probit analysis was used to estimate the means and standard deviations ...	2001	11374156
occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the tabriz plain of iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil.	the abundance and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) were evaluated in the tabriz plain, where soil salinity levels range from 7.3 to 92.0 ds/m. soil and root samples were collected from the rhizosphere of several glycophytes (allium cepa l., medicago sativa l., triticum aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l.) and halophytes (salicornia sp. and salsola sp.) and were analysed for spore number in soil, root colonization with amf and some physical and chemical soil properties. the numbe ...	2001	24595430
comparative genomic in situ hybridization (cgish) analysis on plant chromosomes revealed by labelled arabidopsis dna.	a new approach for comparative cytogenetic banding analysis of plant chromosomes has been established. the comparative gish (cgish) technique is universally applicable to various complex genomes of monocotyledonae (triticum aestivum, agropyron elongatum, secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, allium cepa, muscari armenaticum and lilium longiflorum) and dicotyledonae (vicia faba, beta vulgaris, arabidopsis thaliana). labelled total genomic dna of a. thaliana generates signals at conserved chromosome re ...	2001	11448038
oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) feeding.	the impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), feeding on d. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. after aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and p ...	2001	11425032
active retrotransposons are a common feature of grass genomes.	a large fraction of the genomes of grasses, members of the family graminae, is composed of retrotransposons. these elements resemble animal retroviruses in their structure and possess a life cycle similar to theirs that includes transcription, translation, and integration of daughter copies. we have investigated if retrotransposons are generally transcribed in the grasses and other plants, and whether the various families of elements are translationally and integrationally active in multiple gra ...	2001	11244109
constancy of nitrogen turnover kinetics in the plant cell: insights into the integration of subcellular n fluxes.	compartmental analysis with 13n was used to determine cytosolic nitrate (no3-) pools, and their turnover rates, in roots of intact barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv klondike) seedlings. influx, efflux, flux to the vacuole and assimilation, and flux to the xylem, varied as much as 300-fold over a wide range of external no3- conditions. by contrast, the kinetic constant kc describing cytosolic no3- turnover varied by less than 4% from a mean value of 0.0407 min(-1). accordingly, cytosolic no3- pools v ...	2001	11469581
the blast algorithms: practical application in molecular cloning, marker-assisted selection (mas) and introgression of wheat.	blast (basic local alignment search) analyses of hordeum chilense rapd markers have shown dna sequence similarities with several plant genes. biologically significant hits were scored for: plastocianin (hordeum vulgare), alpha-gliadin (triticum aestivum), grandel-6 retrotransposon (zea diploperennis), retrofit (gag/pol) copia-like, transposon-like element (oryza longistaminata), copia-like retrotransposon hopscotch polyprotein (gag/pol) (zea mays) and several retrotransposons/retroelements from ...	2000	11092750
antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions.	the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ...	2000	10888490
natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models.	a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ...	2000	10898656
aluminium triggers genotoxic adaptation to methyl mercuric chloride and ethyl methane sulfonate, but not to maleic hydrazide in plant cells in vivo.	non-toxic, conditioning doses of aluminium chloride were tested for induction of adaptive response to the genotoxic challenge doses of methyl mercuric chloride (mmcl), maleic hydrazide (mh) and ethyl methane sulfonate (ems). embryonic shoot cells of hordeum vulgare and root meristem cells of allium cepa were employed as the assay systems. plant tissues fixed at different recovery hours following the challenge treatments with or without prior al-conditioning were analyzed for cells with genotoxic ...	2000	10708964
rhizosphere microbial community structure in relation to root location and plant iron nutritional status.	root exudate composition and quantity vary in relation to plant nutritional status, but the impact of the differences on rhizosphere microbial communities is not known. to examine this question, we performed an experiment with barley (hordeum vulgare) plants under iron-limiting and iron-sufficient growth conditions. plants were grown in an iron-limiting soil in root box microcosms. one-half of the plants were treated with foliar iron every day to inhibit phytosiderophore production and to alter ...	2000	10618246
bacterial origin and community composition in the barley phytosphere as a function of habitat and presowing conditions.	an understanding of the factors influencing colonization of the rhizosphere is essential for improved establishment of biocontrol agents. the aim of this study was to determine the origin and composition of bacterial communities in the developing barley (hordeum vulgare) phytosphere, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of 16s rrna genes amplified from extracted dna. discrete community compositions were identified in the endorhizosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere soil ...	2000	11010885
purification and characterization of barley dipeptidyl peptidase iv.	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) storage proteins, which have a high content of proline (pro) and glutamine, are cleaved by cysteine endoproteases to yield peptides with a pro next to the n-terminal and/or c-terminal amino acid residues. a peptidase cleaving after xaa-pro- at the n terminus of peptides was purified from green barley malt. it was identified as a serine-type dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp), based on inhibitor studies, and the nature of the cleavage product. it is a monomeric glycoprotein wi ...	2000	10677435
brome mosaic virus, good for an rna virologist's basic needs.	abstract taxonomic relationship: type member of the bromovirus genus, family bromoviridae. a member of the alphavirus-like supergroup of positive-sense single-stranded rna viruses. physical properties: virions are nonenveloped icosahedrals made up of 180 coat protein subunits (fig. 1). the particles are 26 nm in diameter and contain 22% nucleic acid and 78% protein. the bmv genome is composed of three positive-sense, capped rnas: rna1 (3.2 kb), rna2 (2.9 kb), rna3 (2.1 kb) (fig. 2). viral protei ...	2000	20572956
mutations in ror1 and ror2 genes cause modification of hydrogen peroxide accumulation in mlo-barley under attack from the powdery mildew fungus.	abstract race nonspecific resistance of barley against the barley powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, speer, bgh) is mediated by recessive mlo alleles and is controlled by at least two additional genes 'required for ml o-specified disease resistance' (ror1 and ror2). the pathogenesis-related accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) was comparatively analysed in a susceptible barley line (hordeum vulgare l. cv ingrid, genotype mlo ror1, ror2), a resistant ingrid backcross l ...	2000	20572975
studies on the use of "slimax", a chinese herbal mixture, in the treatment of human obesity.	a phytochemical preparation known as "slimax" was administered orally to human volunteers for a six week period, using a double-blind experimental method. this preparation is an aqueous extract of the chinese medicinal plants hordeum vulgare , polygonatum multiflorum , dimocarpus longan , ligusticum sinense , lilium brownii and zingiber officinale . treatment with slimax resulted in a significant decrease in parameters such as body weight, waist and hip circumference, and body mass index (bmi), ...	2000	21214436
octadecanoid-derived alteration of gene expression and the "oxylipin signature" in stressed barley leaves. implications for different signaling pathways.	stress-induced gene expression in barley (hordeum vulgare cv salome) leaves has been correlated with temporally changing levels of octadecanoids and jasmonates, quantified by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-single ion monitoring. application of sorbitol-induced stress led to a low and transient rise of jasmonic acid (ja), its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda), and the methyl esters jame and opdame, respectively, followed by a large increase in their levels. ja and jame peake ...	2000	10806235
analyzing and modeling temporal disease progress of barley yellow dwarf virus serotypes in barley fields.	abstract population dynamics of padi avenae (pav), macrosiphum avenae (mav), and rhopalosiphum padi (rpv) virus serotypes of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) and of their main aphid vectors were studied in winter barley (hordeum vulgare) fields for three successive years in western france. an epidemiological model of the spread of viruses in the field was developed based on vector populations as forcing variables and the population dynamics of each virus serotype. this model accurately simulated ...	2000	18944507
characterization of a novel potyvirus isolated from maize in israel.	a potyvirus (proposed name of zea mosaic virus [zemv]) isolated from maize in israel was analyzed by serology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of capsid proteins, symptomatology, and sequencing. parts of the nuclear inclusion b, coat protein, and 3' regions were sequenced; the amino acid sequence of zemv capsid was determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (tofms). the results of these analyses were compared with those of similar analyses of the followin ...	2000	18944557
analogue-resistant mutants of azotobacter chroococcum derepressed for nitrogenase activity and early ammonia excretion having potential as inoculants for cereal crops.	spontaneous mutants resistant to methionine sulfoximine (msx), methyl alanine (mal) and methyl ammonium chloride (mac) were derived from a. chroococcum strain a103. msx and mal-resistant mutants expressed 1.73 to 10.98% of the fully derepressed nitrogenase activity when grown in burk's medium containing ammonium acetate. mac-resistant mutants did not express nitrogenase activity in ammonium acetate supplemented medium. the mutants excreted ammonia even after 2 days of growth and some mutants exc ...	2000	11218815
barley mla and rar mutants compromised in the hypersensitive cell death response against blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei are modified in their ability to accumulate reactive oxygen intermediates at sites of fungal invasion.	the pathogenesis-related accumulation of superoxide radical anions (o2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was comparatively analyzed in a barley line (hordeum vulgare l. cv sultan-5) carrying the powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, speer, bgh) resistance gene mla12, and in susceptible mutants defective in mla12 or in genes "required for mla12-specified disease resistance" (rar1 and rar2). in-situ localization of reactive oxygen intermediates was performed both by microscopic detection o ...	2000	11219579
inheritance and rapd tagging of multiple genes for resistance to net blotch in barley.	a doubled haploid barley (hordeum vulgare l.) population that was created from a cross between cultivars 'léger' and 'ci 9831' was characterized by rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers for resistance to isolate wrs857 of pyrenophora teres drechs. f. sp. maculata smedeg., the causal agent of the spot form of net blotch. resistance, which initially appeared to be conferred by a single gene from the approximate 1:1 (resistant : susceptible) segregation ratio of the doubled-haploid (dh) p ...	2000	10791809
haeiii induces position-dependent chromosomal breakage in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	the pattern of localized chromosomal breakage induced by the restriction endonuclease haeiii in reconstructed barley karyotypes t-1586 and t-21 was investigated. it was found that nucleolus organizing regions (nors) of chromosomes 6 and 7 (segments 46 and 38, respectively), containing actively transcribed ribosomal (r)dna, as well as segments 39 and 47, both containing condensed rdna repeats, are the most pronounced aberration hot-spots in t-1586. the number of aberrations observed in these segm ...	2000	10792023
disaccharide-mediated regulation of sucrose:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme of fructan synthesis in barley leaves.	previous work has indicated that sugar sensing may be important in the regulation of fructan biosynthesis in grasses. we used primary leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare cv baraka) to study the mechanisms involved. excised leaf blades were supplied in the dark with various carbohydrates. fructan pool sizes and two key enzymes of fructan biosynthesis, sucrose (suc):suc-1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst; ec 2. 4.1.99) and suc:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft; ec 2.4.1.10) were analyzed. upon supply ...	2000	10806243
purification, enzymatic characterization, and nucleotide sequence of a high-isoelectric-point alpha-glucosidase from barley malt.	high-isoelectric-point (pi) alpha-glucosidase was purified 7, 300-fold from an extract of barley (hordeum vulgare) malt by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange, and butyl-sepharose chromatography. the enzyme had high activity toward maltose (k(cat) = 25 s(-1)), with an optimum at ph 4.5, and catalyzed the hydrolysis by a retaining mechanism, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance. acarbose was a strong inhibitor (k(i) = 1.5 microm). molecular recognition revealed that all oh-groups in th ...	2000	10806244
high-affinity potassium transport in barley roots. ammonium-sensitive and -insensitive pathways.	in an attempt to understand the process mediating k(+) transport into roots, we examined the contribution of the nh(4)(+)-sensitive and nh(4)(+)-insensitive components of rb(+) transport to the uptake of rb(+) in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants grown in different ionic environments. we found that at low external rb(+) concentrations, an nh(4)(+)-sensitive component dominates rb(+) uptake in plants grown in the absence of nh(4)(+), while rb(+) uptake preferentially occurs through an nh(4)(+)-i ...	2000	10806246
induced activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) in iron-deficiency barley roots: a possible role for phytosiderophore production.	to isolate the genes involved in the response of graminaceous plants to fe-deficient stress, a protein induced by fe-deficiency treatment was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots. based on the partial amino acid sequence of this protein, a cdna (hvapt1) encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt: ec 2.4.2.7) was cloned from a cdna library prepared from fe-deficient barley roots. southern analysis suggested that there were at least two genes encoding aprt in barley. fe deficiency ...	2000	10937693
the barley scutellar peptide transporter: biochemical characterization and localization to the plasma membrane.	thiol-affinity labelling was used to identify and characterize components of the peptide transport system in the barley (hordeum vulgare) scutellar epithelium. sds-page and 2d-page in conjunction with fluorography were used to study derivatized proteins. membrane proteins of 42 kda and 66 kda were identified using a strategy devised to label substrate protectable protein with the thiol specific reagent [14c] n-ethylmaleimide (nem). the scutellar plasma membrane is the anticipated site of transpo ...	2000	10937695
early h(2)o(2) accumulation in mesophyll cells leads to induction of glutathione during the hyper-sensitive response in the barley-powdery mildew interaction.	h(2)o(2) production and changes in glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase were followed in whole-leaf extracts from the susceptible (algs [algerian/4* (f14) man.(s)]; ml-a1 allele) and resistant (algr [algerian/4* (f14) man.(r)]; ml-a1 allele) barley (hordeum vulgare) isolines between 12 and 24 h after inoculation with powdery mildew (blumeria graminis [dc]. speer [syn. erysiphe graminis dc] f.sp hordei marchal). localized papilla responses and cell death hypersensitive responses were not observe ...	2000	10938348
intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes.	in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ...	2000	10954603
starch-branching enzymes preferentially associated with a-type starch granules in wheat endosperm.	two starch granule-bound proteins (sgp), sgp-140 and sgp-145, were preferentially associated with a-type starch granules (>10 microm) in developing and mature wheat (triticum aestivum) kernels. immunoblotting and n-terminal sequencing suggested that the two proteins were different variants of sbeic, a 152-kd isoform of wheat starch-branching enzyme. both sgp-140 and sgp-145 were localized to the endosperm starch granules but were not found in the endosperm soluble fraction or pericarp starch gra ...	2000	10982441
quantitative study of the formation of endoproteolytic activities during malting and their stabilities to kilning.	the proteinases of germinating barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hydrolyze storage proteins into amino acids and small peptides that can be used by the growing plant or, during brewing, by yeast. they are critical for the malting and brewing processes because several aspects of brewing are affected by the amounts of protein, peptide, and amino acids that are in the wort. this study was carried out to quantitatively measure when endoproteinases form in green malt and whether they are inactivated at the ...	2000	10995288
an aldose reductase homolog from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker.	an aldose reductase homologue (aldrxv4) was cloned from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker using complementation by functional sufficiency in escherichia coli. a cdna library constructed from x. viscosa leaves dehydrated to 85%, 37% and 5% relative water contents (rwc) was converted into an infective phagemid library. escherichia coli (sr1::tn10) cells transformed with ds-pbluescript phagemids were selected on minimal medium plates supplemented with 1 mm isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactop ...	2000	11089682
evolutionary conservation of kinetochore protein sequences in plants.	the evolutionary conservation of structural/functional kinetochore proteins has been studied on isolated nuclei and pro-/metaphase chromosomes of mono- and dicot plants. the cross-reactivities of antibodies against human cenpc, cenpe and cenpf, and against maize cenpca with the centromeric regions of mitotic chromosomes of vicia faba and/or hordeum vulgare are shown. putative homologs of the kinetochore protein skp1 (suppressor of kinetochore protein 1p of yeast) were found in both species and o ...	2000	11151678
cloning of nicotianamine synthase genes, novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores.	nicotianamine synthase (nas), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores, catalyzes the trimerization of s-adenosylmethionine to form one molecule of nicotianamine. we purified nas protein and isolated the genes nas1, nas2, nas3, nas4, nas5-1, nas5-2, and nas6, which encode nas and nas-like proteins from fe-deficient barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv ehimehadaka no. 1) roots. escherichia coli expressing nas1 showed nas activity, confirming that this ...	1999	9952442
comparison of kinetic properties of amine oxidases from sainfoin and lentil and immunochemical characterization of copper/quinoprotein amine oxidases.	kinetic properties of novel amine oxidase isolated from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) were compared to those of typical plant amine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.6) from lentil (lens culinaris). the amine oxidase from sainfoin was active toward substrates, such as 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) with k(m) of 0.09 mm and 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) with k(m) of 0.24 mm. the maximum rate of oxidation for cadaverine at saturating concentration was 2.7 fold higher than that of putrescine. the amine oxidas ...	1999	10092944
hypersensitive cell death and papilla formation in barley attacked by the powdery mildew fungus are associated with hydrogen peroxide but not with salicylic acid accumulation	we analyzed the pathogenesis-related generation of h2o2 using the microscopic detection of 3,3-diaminobenzidine polymerization in near-isogenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.) lines carrying different powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) resistance genes, and in a line expressing chemically activated resistance after treatment with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (dcina). hypersensitive cell death in mla12 and mlg genotypes or after chemical activation by dcina was associated with h2o2 accu ...	1999	10198083
cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-induced rnase expressed in barley aleurone cells.	we cloned a cdna for a gibberellin-induced ribonuclease (rnase) expressed in barley (hordeum vulgare) aleurone and the gene for a second barley rnase expressed in leaf tissue. the protein encoded by the cdna is unique among rnases described to date in that it contains a novel 23-amino acid insert between the c2 and c3 conserved sequences. expression of the recombinant protein in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) suspension-cultured protoplasts gave an active rnase of the expected size, confirming the ...	1999	10198105
reference standards for determination of dna content of plant nuclei.	flow cytometry was used to compare 14 potential reference standards for plant dna content determination. both chicken and plant internal standards were used, as were propidium iodide (pi) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) as fluorochromes. means and standard errors of the means are presented for the 14 potential reference standards, and the means are compared to those obtained by feulgen densitometry. five species are recommended as an initial set of international standards for future pla ...	1999	10330063
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase from germinating barley.	the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase, ld, from barley (hordeum vulgare), was isolated from a genomic phage library using a barley cdna clone as probe. the gene encodes a protein of 904 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 98.6 kda. this is in agreement with a value of 105 kda estimated by sds-page. the coding sequence is interrupted by 26 introns varying in length from 93 bp to 825 bp. the 27 exons vary in length from 53 bp to 197 bp. southern blot ...	1999	10350630
barley coleoptile peroxidases. purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens.	a cdna clone encoding the prx7 peroxidase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) predicted a 341-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 36,515. n- and c-terminal putative signal peptides were present, suggesting a vacuolar location of the peroxidase. immunoblotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the prx7 protein and mrna accumulated abundantly in barley coleoptiles and in leaf epidermis inoculated with powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis). two isoperoxidase ...	1999	10364401
subunit c of the vacuolar h+-atpase of hordeum vulgare.	the molecular cloning of the first subunit c of the plant vacuolar h+-atpase is reported. tonoplast vesicles were purified from barley leaves by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the tonoplast polypeptides were separated by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. using an anti-atpase holoenzyme antibody, a polypeptide was recognized in the molecular mass range of 40 kda with an isoelectric point of about 6.0, and tentatively identified as subunit c. the polypeptide spot was excised from ab ...	1999	10452532
regulation of the hvst1 gene encoding a high-affinity sulfate transporter from hordeum vulgare.	a cdna, hvst1, was isolated from hordeum vulgare by heterologous complementation in escherichia coli. this cdna encodes a high-affinity sulfate transporter that is 2442 bp in length and consists of 660 amino acids. under steady-state conditions of sulfate supply during culture, sulfate influx (measured at 100 microm external sulfate concentration) and hvst1 transcript level were inversely correlated with sulfate concentrations in the culture solution. glutathione (gsh) concentrations increased a ...	1999	10487222
genetic diversity of old french six-rowed winter barley varieties assessed with molecular, biochemical and morphological markers and its relation to bammv resistance	twenty-six old french six-rowed winter barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties were characterized for their reaction against barley mild mosaic virus (bammv). the genetic diversity of these varieties and two recent barley varieties was assessed using molecular, biochemical and morphological data. seven old varieties were fully resistant to bammv. a higher differentiation level between varieties was observed by using dna molecular markers compared to biochemical and morphological ones. corresponden ...	1999	10620029
the interaction between cold and light controls the expression of the cold-regulated barley gene cor14b and the accumulation of the corresponding protein.	we report the expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cor (cold-regulated) gene cor14b (formerly pt59) and the accumulation of its chloroplast-localized protein product. a polyclonal antibody raised against the cor14b-encoded protein detected two chloroplast cor proteins: cor14a and cor14b. n-terminal sequencing of cor14a and expression of cor14b in arabidopsis plants showed that cor14a is not encoded by the cor14b sequence, but it shared homology with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wcs1 ...	1999	9952464
rflp mapping of baymv resistance gene rym3 in barley (hordeum vulgare).	the rym3 (formerly designated ym3) gene conferring resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (baymv) is effective against all strains of the virus but up to now has not been mapped to any chromosome. we performed a linkage analysis, using dna extracted from individually harvested mature leaves of 153 f(2) plants derived from a cross between baymv-resistant cv 'ishuku shirazu' carrying rym3 and susceptible cv 'ko a'. additionally, the f(3) lines derived from f(2) plants were grown in the baymv-inf ...	1999	22665211
a photoperiod-insensitive barley line contains a light-labile phytochrome b	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a long-day plant whose flowering is enhanced when the photoperiod is supplemented with far-red light, and this promotion is mediated by phytochrome. a chemically mutagenized dwarf cultivar of barley was selected for early flowering time (barley maturity daylength response [bmdr]-1) and was made isogenic with the cultivar shabet (bmdr-8) by backcrossing. bmdr-1 was found to contain higher levels of both phytochrome a and phytochrome b in the dark on immunoblots with ...	1999	10069841
identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit.	studies were conducted to identify a 64-kd thylakoid membrane protein of unknown function. the protein was extracted from chloroplast thylakoids under low ionic strength conditions and purified to homogeneity by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four peptides generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the wheat 64-kd protein were sequenced and found to be identical to internal sequences of the chloroplast-coupling factor (cf1) alpha-subunit. antibodies for th ...	1998	9489017
the photosystem ii subunit cp29 can be phosphorylated in both c3 and c4 plants as suggested by sequence analysis.	the cp29 subunit of photosystem ii is reversibly phosphorylated in zea mays upon exposure to high light in the cold (bergantino et al., j biol chem 270 (1995) 8474-8481). this phenomenon was previously proposed to be restricted to c4 plants. we present the complete sequence of the cp29 protein, deduced from a maize lhcb4 cdna clone, and its comparison with the previously known lhcb4 sequences of two c3 plants: hordeum vulgare and arabidopsis thaliana. despite the relatively low degree of homolog ...	1998	9484458
localization of a myosin-like protein to plasmodesmata.	myosin has been localized to plasmodesmata in root tissues of allium cepa, zea mays and hordeum vulgare using a polyclonal antibody to animal myosin in both fluorescence and electron microscopy. labelling was also observed throughout the cytoplasm, mainly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. on western blots, bands of 180 and 110 kda were consistently labelled in all three species. these bands were also labelled when the blot was incubated in actin prior to staining wit ...	1998	9681037
association of ferredoxin-nadp oxidoreductase with the chloroplastic pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex in barley leaves	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were used to isolate and characterize the chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex. the stroma fraction and the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxycholate were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzymes detected with nadh and nitroblue tetrazolium were electroeluted. the enzymes electroeluted from band s from the stroma fraction and from bands t1 (et1) and t2 from the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxychol ...	1998	9576793
characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.	we have used arabidopsis calmodulin (cam) covalently coupled to horseradish peroxidase to screen a barley aleurone cdna expression library for cam binding proteins. the deduced amino acid sequence of one cdna obtained by this screen was shown to be a unique protein of 702 amino acids with cam and cyclic nucleotide binding domains at the carboxyl terminus and high similarity to olfactory and k+ channels. this cdna was designated hvcbt1 (hordeum vulgare cam binding transporter). hydropathy plots o ...	1998	9465122
an epidermis/papilla-specific oxalate oxidase-like protein in the defence response of barley attacked by the powdery mildew fungus.	a cdna clone of a defence response transcript was isolated from a library prepared from barley leaves expressing papilla resistance towards the powdery mildew fungus, blumeria (syn. erysiphe) graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). the 904 bp sequence encodes a 229 amino acid polypeptide with a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids. after cleavage, the protein has a mass of 22.3 kda and exhibits up to 60% amino acid identity to certain dicot proteins, and 46% amino acid identity to barley oxalate oxida ...	1998	9484466
characterization of a methyljasmonate-inducible lipoxygenase from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. salome) leaves.	we found three methyl jasmonate-induced lipoxygenases with molecular masses of 92 kda, 98 kda, and 100 kda (lox-92, -98 and -100) [feussner, i., hause, b., vörös, k., parthier, b. & wasternack, c. (1995) plant j. 7, 949-957]. at least two of them (lox-92 and lox-100), were shown to be localized within chloroplasts of barley leaves. here, we describe the isolation of a cdna (3073 bp) coding for lox-100, a protein of 936 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 106 kda. by sequence comparison t ...	1998	9492266
herbicide safener-binding protein of maize. purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cdna.	dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (zea mays l.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3h](r,s)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazol-idine ([3h]saf), and this safener-binding activity (safba) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. the safener-binding protein (safbp), purified to homogeneity, has a relative molecular weight of 39,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl ...	1998	9501141
molecular characterization of the oxalate oxidase involved in the response of barley to the powdery mildew fungus.	previously we reported that oxalate oxidase activity increases in extracts of barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves in response to the powdery mildew fungus (blumeria [syn. erysiphe] graminis f.sp. hordei) and proposed this as a source of h2o2 during plant-pathogen interactions. in this paper we show that the n terminus of the major pathogen-response oxalate oxidase has a high degree of sequence identity to previously characterized germin-like oxalate oxidases. two cdnas were isolated, phvoxoa, which ...	1998	9576772
analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants.	a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ...	1998	9615455
structure, expression and localization of a germin-like protein in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) that is insolubilized in stressed leaves.	the primary leaves of young barley seedlings contain two major, extracellular, acid-soluble proteins of ca. 22 and 23 kda apparent molecular mass. these proteins disappeared from the intercellular washing fluid upon stress treatments that enhanced h2o2 levels and that induced resistance to subsequent challenge by the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. a partial peptide sequence of the 22 kda protein was determined, and a cdna clone was isolated. the 22 kda protein belongs the ...	1998	9617802
allele-dependent barley grain beta-amylase activity.	the wild ancestor of cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (k. koch) a. & gr. (h. spontaneum), is a source of wide genetic diversity, including traits that are important for malting quality. a high beta-amylase trait was previously identified in h. spontaneum strains from israel, and transferred into the backcross progeny of a cross with the domesticated barley cv adorra. we have used southern-blot analysis and beta-amy1 gene characterization to demonstrate that the high beta-amyl ...	1998	9625721
molecular size and net charge of pathogenesis-related enzymes from barley (hordeum vulgare l., v. karat) infected with drechslera teres f. teres (sacch.) shoem.	molecular size and net charge of isoforms of pathogenesis-related (pr) chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase were studied in uninfected barley (hordeum vulgare l., v. karat) leaves and in barley leaves infected with the pathogenic fungus drechslera teres f. teres (sacch.) shoem. molecular characteristics were determined by time-dependent polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis under native conditions and by applying an extended version of the computer program mol-mass (rothe, g. m., w ...	1998	9629909
in vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5' terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus rnas.	the tenuivirus maize stripe virus (mstv) shares many properties with viruses in the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant- and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mrnas containing nonviral 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences. the 5'-terminal nucleotides are believed to be derived from host mrna sequences as a result of "cap-snatching." we investigated wh ...	1998	9653182
pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the apoplast in barley leaves	leaves of two barley (hordeum vulgare l.) isolines, alg-r, which has the dominant mla1 allele conferring hypersensitive race-specific resistance to avirulent races of blumeria graminis, and alg-s, which has the recessive mla1 allele for susceptibility to attack, were inoculated with b. graminis f. sp. hordei. total leaf and apoplastic antioxidants were measured 24 h after inoculation when maximum numbers of attacked cells showed hypersensitive death in alg-r. cytoplasmic contamination of the apo ...	1998	9662553
expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation in maize (zea mays l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 (kn1) in maize (zea mays l.) and their cross-reacting proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was studied using immunolocalization during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation. expression of cdc2zm, a protein involved in cell division, roughly correlated with in-vitro cell proliferation and in the meristematic domes cdc2zm expression was triggered during in-vitro proliferation. analysis of the expression of kn1, ...	1998	9684373
cloning and expression of a new cdna from monocotyledonous plants coding for a diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate hydrolase from barley (hordeum vulgare).	from a cdna library generated from mrna of white leaf tissues of the ribosome-deficient mutant 'albostrians' of barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haisa) a cdna was isolated carrying 54.2% identity to a recently published cdna which codes for the diadenosine-5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate (ap4a) hydrolase of lupinus angustifolius (maksel et al. (1998) biochem. j. 329, 313-319), and 69% identity to four partial peptide sequences of ap4a hydrolase of tomato. overexpression in escherichia coli revealed a pr ...	1998	9714569