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immunotherapy for acne vulgaris: current status and future directions.there is a high unmet clinical need for new and better treatments in acne vulgaris. propionibacterium acnes has a strong proinflammatory activity and targets molecules involved in the innate cutaneous immunity, keratinocytes and sebaceous glands of the pilosebaceous follicle. the role of p. acnes in acne confers legitimacy on the possible benefits of immunization-based approaches, which may represent a solution for limiting the development of antibiotic-resistant p. acnes. various immunization-b ...201324019180
a small peptide with therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris.a designed peptide named lz1 with 15 amino acid residues containing strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria pathogens of acne vulgaris including propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus epidermidis and s. aureus. especially, it exerted strong anti-p. acnes ability. the minimal inhibitory concentration against three strains of p. acnes was only 0.6 µg/ml, which is 4 times lower than that of clindamycin. in experimental mice skin colonization model, lz1 significantly reduced the number of p. ...201324013774
prevalence of allograft contamination during intraoperative processing for spinal deformity correction surgery.prospective study.201327927391
bacterial epidemiology of osteoarticular infections in a referent center: 10-year study.management of osteoarticular infections combines surgical treatment with antibiotic therapy. for some teams the immediate postoperative regimen requires at least partly wide-spectrum probabilistic treatment while waiting for the microbiological results. this protocol exposes the patient to the selection of resistant bacteria and the hospital unit to a modification of its bacterial ecology. the objective of this study was to retrospectively describe the microbial epidemiology of the traumatology ...201323988422
tunel analysis of dna fragmentation in mouse unfertilized oocytes: the effect of microorganisms within human follicular fluid collected during ivf cycles.recently we reported the presence of bacteria within follicular fluid. previous studies have reported that dna fragmentation in human spermatozoa after in vivo or in vitro incubation with bacteria results in early embryo demise and a reduced rate of ongoing pregnancy, but the effect of bacteria on oocytes is unknown. this study examined the dna within mouse oocytes after 12 hours' incubation within human follicular fluids (n=5), which were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization ( ...201323972717
short communication: evidence that microbial translocation occurs in hiv-infected children in the united kingdom.microbial translocation (mt) from the gut is implicated in driving immune activation, increasing morbidity and mortality in hiv. we used bacterial 16s rdna pcr, sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing to identify microbial dna in the bloodstream of hiv-infected children in london, united kingdom. blood samples were collected from sequential children attending the hiv clinic at great ormond street hospital, london. dna extraction, broad range 16s rdna pcr, and standard sanger sequencing ...201323972017
different strains of propionibacterium acnes modulate differently the cutaneous innate immunity.acne is a chronic inflammatory illness of the pilosebaceous follicle where innate immunity plays a central role. in acne, the density of propionibacterium acnes is increased in the pilosebaceous unit. we hypothesized that the severity of acne is not only dependent on the proliferation of p. acnes but also dependent on the pro-inflammatory potential of p. acnes strains and consequently constitutes potential triggering factor for acne scarring. we investigated pro-inflammatory potential of five di ...201323947673
the role of the skin barrier in modulating the effects of common skin microbial species on the inflammation, differentiation and proliferation status of epidermal keratinocytes.skin resident microbial species are often thought of either as pathogenic or commensal. however, little is known about the role of the skin barrier in modulating their potential for causing disease. to investigate this question we measured the effects of three microbial species commonly found on the skin (staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, and propionibacterium acnes) on a reconstructed human epidermal model by either applying the bacteria on the model surface (intact barrier) or ...201324245826
antibacterial activity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus.new compounds are needed to treat acne and superficial infections caused by propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus due to the reduced effectiveness of agents used at present. long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufas) are attracting attention as potential new topical treatments for gram-positive infections due to their antimicrobial potency and anti-inflammatory properties. this present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of six lc-pufas against p. acnes and s. ...201324232668
functions of the skin microbiota in health and disease.the skin, the human body's largest organ, is home to a diverse and complex variety of innate and adaptive immune functions. despite this potent immune system present at the cutaneous barrier, the skin encourages colonization by microorganisms. characterization these microbial communities has enhanced our knowledge of the ecology of organisms present in normal skin; furthermore, studies have begun to bring to light the intimate relationships shared between host and resident microbes. in particula ...201324268438
evaluation of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of less polar ginsenosides produced from polar ginsenosides by heat-transformation.ginsenosides are the major active constituents in both white and red american ginseng (ag), and their pharmacological effects on central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems have been well elucidated. however, the anti-propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) activity of them is still unknown. in this study, 5 ginsenosides enriched fractions were obtained from the total ginsenosides extract of ag roots (tag) by resin adsorption and heat-transformation. resin purification decreased the total ...201324289140
multiple splenic nodules with fever: a case of splenic abscess due to propionibacterium acnes.a 64-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) presented in the hematology department due to remarkable leukocytosis and progressing anemia. ultrasound confirmed splenomegaly and plain computed tomography revealed multiple hypoattenuating areas in the large spleen. following a clinical diagnosis of relapse of cll, he underwent treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (fc-r). after five cycles of fc-r treatment, his leukocyte count and hemoglobin level w ...201326182133
propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated pathogen in implant-associated infections.the role of propionibacterium acnes in acne and in a wide range of inflammatory diseases is well established. however, p. acnes is also responsible for infections involving implants. prolonged aerobic and anaerobic agar cultures for 14 days and broth cultures increase the detection rate. in this paper, we review the pathogenic role of p. acnes in implant-associated infections such as prosthetic joints, cardiac devices, breast implants, intraocular lenses, neurosurgical devices, and spine implant ...201324308006
chronic propionibacterium acnes prosthesis joint infection manifesting as a large abscess with gas, without prosthesis loosening. 201324306630
draft genome sequences of two strains of propionibacterium acnes isolated from radical prostatectomy specimens.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that is closely associated with various parts of the human body, in particular with sebaceous follicles of the skin. it has also been frequently isolated from diseased human prostates. here, we report draft genome sequences of two p. acnes strains, p6 and pa2, isolated from radical prostatectomy specimens.201324356837
role of propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis.to evaluate the available molecular evidence on the possible role of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the development of sarcoidosis, the meta-analysis was performed.201324351617
5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol β-d-glucuronide, precursor of 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol in human sweat.5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (α-androstenol) is an important contributor to human axilla sweat odor. it is assumed that α-andostenol is excreted from the apocrine glands via a h2 o-soluble conjugate, and this precursor was formally characterized in this study for the first time in human sweat. the possible h2 o-soluble precursors, sulfate and glucuronide derivatives, were synthesized as analytical standards, i.e., α-androstenol, β-androstenol sulfates, 5α-androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol (β-androstadienol) su ...201324327440
viability reagent, prestoblue, in comparison with other available reagents, utilized in cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays.this study compared different commercially available viability reagents. the growth indicator reagents include p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (int), prestoblue, and alamar blue which were used for antimicrobial analysis against streptococcus mutans, prevotella intermedia, propionibacterium acnes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. prestoblue and alamar blue are resazurin based reagents that resulted in a quick and easily distinguishable colour change that allowed for visual readings. int and sodium ...201323653650
infected aortic stent graft with propionibacterium acnes.an infected aortic endograft is an uncommon event, and when it happens it can be of significant morbidity and mortality to the patient. we present here a case of a patient with an infected aortic endograft following percutaneous translumbar sac embolization for a type ii endoleak leading to sac expansion. the cultured pathogen was propionibacterium acnes, a commonly occurring skin bacterium that leads to the clinical condition "acne vulgaris." the patient underwent graft explantation and reconst ...201323632775
pan-genome and comparative genome analyses of propionibacterium acnes reveal its genomic diversity in the healthy and diseased human skin microbiome.propionibacterium acnes constitutes a major part of the skin microbiome and contributes to human health. however, it has also been implicated as a pathogenic factor in several diseases, including acne, one of the most common skin diseases. its pathogenic role, however, remains elusive. to better understand the genetic landscape and diversity of the organism and its role in human health and disease, we performed a comparative genome analysis of 82 p. acnes strains, 69 of which were sequenced by o ...201323631911
antimicrobial susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from shoulder surgery.orthopedic surgeons at our institution have noticed an increase in the number of infections due to propionibacterium acnes, especially following operations on the shoulder. we collected p. acnes isolates from our hospital microbiology laboratory for 1 year and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 28 strains from the shoulder. antibiotics with the lowest mic values against p. acnes (mic50 and mic90) included penicillin g (0.006, 0.125), cephalothin (0.047 and 0.094), and ceftriaxone ...201323629711
bacterial recolonization of the skin and wound contamination during cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial of the use of plastic adhesive drape compared with bare skin.sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery is a serious complication. various perioperative strategies, including plastic adhesive drapes, are used to reduce bacterial contamination of surgical wounds.201323623487
laser and light based treatments of acne.medical treatments for acne vulgaris include a variety of topical and oral medications. poor compliance, lack of durable remission, and potential side effects are common drawbacks to these treatments. therefore, there is a growing demand for a fast, safe, and side-effect-free novel therapy. acne often improves after exposure to sunlight, and this has led to the development of laser and other light therapies resulting in the overall ease of treatment, with minimal adverse effects. a variety of li ...201323619435
sapho syndrome.sapho syndrome is a disorder characterized by synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. as the osteoarticular and skin manifestations often do not occur simultaneously and there are no validated diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis can be difficult. clinical and imaging investigation is necessary to establish the many differential diagnoses of sapho syndrome. the etiopathogenesis involves infectious (probably propionibacterium acnes), immunologic, and genetic factors. treatment is b ...201323597971
advancement in the routine identification of anaerobic bacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.we evaluated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) biotyper as a tool for the identification of anaerobic bacteria compared with 500 base-pair (bp) 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene sequencing analysis, which is considered to be the "gold standard" method. a total of 484 anaerobic bacteria were retrieved from the clinical specimens of 318 pediatric patients. molecular identification resulted in 18 genera and 51 species. the most prev ...201323584672
the oral cavity is not a primary source for implantable pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator infections.to test the hypothesis that the oral cavity is a potential source for implantable pacemaker and cardioverter defibrillators infections, the bacterial diversity on explanted rhythm heart management devices was investigated and compared to the oral microbiome.201323575037
special features of gram-positive bacterial eradication by photosensitizers.antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a major concern and presents a special challenge for development of alternative antibacterial modalities. one of these alternative approaches is based on using the photodynamic therapy (pdt) for eradicating bacteria. photosensitizer-induced pdt exhibits unique properties and demonstrates efficient microbe-killing effects. the efficient and irreversible antimicrobial effects of pdt are not dependent on the antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic ...201323550546
in vitro anti-propionibacterium activity by curcumin containing vesicle system.propionibacterium acnes acts a critical role in the development of inflammatory acne when it overgrows in pilosebaceous units. the spread of multiple drug resistance bacteria indicates a growing need for new antimicrobial agents. the objective of this study is to develop lipid vehicles to deliver curcumin and inhibit p. acnes in the skin. the inhibitory activities of the curcumin containing vehicles against p. acnes were studied by the bioluminescence assay. curcumin accumulation patterns in neo ...201323546001
nanocolloidal carriers of isotretinoin: antimicrobial activity against propionibacterium acnes and dermatokinetic modeling.acne, a common skin disease in teenagers, is caused by propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes). isotretinoin (itr) is though reported to have immense antiacne potential, yet there are hardly any reports vouching its antimicrobial activity. the present study, therefore, was undertaken to study the antimicrobial activity of itr and evaluate the effect of its encasement in nanocarriers on its minimum inhibitory concentration (mic). the nanocarriers were also evaluated for the skin transport characterist ...201323544848
renal sarcoidosis with limited lung manifestations expressing propionibacterium acnes antigens in the affected tubulointerstitium.sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystemic disorder of unknown origin that can affect the kidneys. previous reports from japan and europe have indicated a link between propionibacterium acnes infections and sarcoidosis. here, we present the case of a 68-year-old woman with hypercalcemia and renal failure. a kidney biopsy was performed, which showed granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis with a large nonnecrotic nodule that contained mononuclear inflammatory cells and multinucleated giant c ...201323531993
[uncommon acne-associated syndromes and their significance in understanding the pathogenesis of acne].acne is an intriguing model for the study of interactions between hormones, innate immunity, inflammation and wound healing (scarring). the manifestations and involvement of acne in different systemic diseases and some rare syndromes demonstrate its multifaceted nature. synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (sapho) and pyogenic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne (papa) syndromes, both regarded as autoinflammatory diseases, highlight the attributes of inflammation in acne. while sapho ...201323525534
rosmarinus officinalis extract suppresses propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory responses.propionibacterium acnes is a key pathogen involved in the progression of acne inflammation. the development of a new agent possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against p. acnes is therefore of interest. in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) extract on p. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. the results showed that ethanolic rosemary extract (ere) significantly suppressed the secretion and mrna expression of proinf ...201323514231
pustulotic arthro-osteitis associated with palmoplantar pustulosis.palmoplantar pustulosis (ppp) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by sterile pustules predominantly involving the palms and soles of middle-aged women. ppp frequently develops or exacerbates following focal infections, such as tonsillitis, odontogenic infection and sinusitis, either with or without arthralgia and/or extra-palmoplantar lesions. pustulotic arthro-osteitis (pao) is a joint comorbidity of ppp, most often affecting the anterior chest wall. pao is sometimes regarded as th ...201324127744
should we start treating chronic low back pain with antibiotics rather than with pain medications?for those of us who have read the 2 recently published articles by a danish - british research group, it might appear that we are observing an impending paradigm shift on the origins of chronic low back pain. the results of this research indicate, that chronic low back pain associated with bone marrow edema in vertebral endplates that are adjacent to herniated intervertebral discs may be caused by infections with anaerobic bacteria of low virulence. according to these articles, treatment with ce ...201324155998
prospective clinical evaluation of 1.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution in ophthalmic perioperative disinfection.gram-positive cocci and propionibacterium acnes are widely reported agents of infectious postoperative endophthalmitis. this multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the eradication effectiveness and safety profile of levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution (lvfx 1.5%) for use in perioperative disinfection.201324180629
prosthesis failure within 2 years of implantation is highly predictive of infection.the outcome of revision surgery depends on accurate determination of the cause of prosthesis failure because treatment differs profoundly among aseptic loosening, mechanical failure, and prosthetic joint infections (pji).201323904245
simultaneous visualization of propionibacterium acnes and propionibacterium granulosum with immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and propionibacterium granulosum (p. granulosum) are common skin colonizers that are implicated as possible contributing factors in acne vulgaris development. we have established direct visualization tools for the simultaneous detection of these closely related species with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). as proof of principle, we were able to distinguish p. acnes and p. granulosum bacteria in multi-species populations in ...201323896347
extended-release formulation of minocycline in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris in patients over the age of 12 years.oral antibiotics continue to play an important role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne. minocycline is widely used in moderate-to-severe acne. minocycline has anti-inflammatory properties, activity against propionibacterium acnes and lipophilicity. an extended-release formulation of minocycline has been introduced. extended-release minocycline is not bioequivalent to nonmodified release minocycline products and exhibits dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. food or dairy products did not ...201323882310
correlation between phylogroups and intracellular proteomes of propionibacterium acnes and differences in the protein expression profiles between anaerobically and aerobically grown cells.propionibacterium acnes is one of the dominant commensals on the human skin and also an opportunistic pathogen in relation to acne, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and various infections. recent investigations using housekeeping and virulence genes have revealed that the species consists of three major evolutionary clades (types i, ii, and iii). in order to investigate protein expression differences between these phylogroups, proteomic profiles of 21 strains of p. acnes were investigated. the prot ...201323878795
genetic engineering of yarrowia lipolytica for enhanced production of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid.conjugated linoleic acid (cla) has been extensively studied for decades because of its health benefits including cancer prevention, anti-atherogenic and anti-obesity effects, and modulation of the immune system. we previously described the production of trans-10, cis-12 cla in yarrowia lipolytica by expressing the gene coding for linoleic acid isomerase from propionibacterium acnes (pai). however the stable strain produced cla at about 0.08% of dry cell weight (dcw), a level of production which ...201323866108
clinical and radiographic outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty with bone graft for osteoarthritis with severe glenoid bone loss.glenohumeral osteoarthritis may be associated with severe posterior glenoid bone loss and glenoid retroversion. treatment with total shoulder arthroplasty and autologous bone graft obtained from the humeral head has been infrequently reported in the peer-reviewed literature.201323864177
deciphering the intracellular fate of propionibacterium acnes in macrophages.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that colonizes various niches of the human body, particularly the sebaceous follicles of the skin. over the last years a role of this common skin bacterium as an opportunistic pathogen has been explored. persistence of p. acnes in host tissue has been associated with chronic inflammation and disease development, for example, in prostate pathologies. this study investigated the intracellular fate of p. acnes in macrophages after phagocytosis. i ...201323862148
synthesis of novel isothiazolopyridines and their in vitro evaluation against mycobacterium and propionibacterium acnes.in this paper we describe synthesis, structures and some physicochemical properties of 20 isothiazolopyridines 8-13 substituted differently into an isothiazole ring as well as their in vitro antibacterial assays against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv, mycobacterium fortuitum pcm 672 and propionibacterium acnes pcm 2400. compound 13a was found to be the most active derivative against m. tuberculosis h37rv, demonstrating 100% growth inhibition of microorganisms in the primary screen (minimum inh ...201323850103
what does it take to satisfy koch's postulates two centuries later? microbial genomics and propionibacteria acnes.for two centuries, koch's postulates have set the gold standard for establishing the microbiological etiology of infection and disease. genomic sequencing now brings finer resolution to both bacterial strain variation and the host genetic state that may predispose to disease. in this issue of the jid, fitz-gibbons and colleagues present strain-based resolution of propionibacterium acnes and its association with the common teenage malady acne vulgaris. here i examine how koch's postulates were en ...201323842116
the role of benzoyl peroxide in the new treatment paradigm for acne.bacterial resistance became a true clinical concern for dermatologists in the 1980s, when the first reports emerged of the resistance of <i>propionibacterium acnes</i> to oral antibiotics. subsequent studies have documented acne treatment failure associated with resistance to topical antibiotics. beyond dermatology practice, antibiotic resistance has now become recognized as a worldwide health concern. in contrast to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of acne, benzoyl peroxide (bp)'s mec ...201323839205
decoding acne: genetic markers, molecules, and propionibacterium acnes. 201323839201
late-onset capsular block syndrome: unusually delayed presentation.capsular block syndrome (cbs) has been known to occur as a rare complication of cataract surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and a posterior-chamber lens implant. typically, it presents with reduced vision in the early postoperative period and is characterised by a forward displacement of the posterior-chamber intra-ocular lens and an accumulation of intra-capsular opaque material. management of cbs is usually by nd:yag laser capsulotomy. in this report, we describe a unique case o ...201324474932
propionibacterium acnes in human health and disease. 201324455697
inhibitory effect of chlorophyllin on the propionibacterium acnes-induced chemokine expression.chlorophyllin (chl), a chlorophyll-derivative, exhibits several beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. however, its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities against propionibacterium acnes have not been described. the antibacterial activity of this compound was evaluated in vitro using the broth microdilution method. chl had an inhibitory effect on the growth of p. acnes (mic = 100 μm). in a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain r ...201324385363
constrictive infectious pericarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes. 201324775828
analysis of distribution patterns of propionibacterium acnes phylotypes and peptostreptococcus species from acne lesions.the precise roles of propionibacterium acnes and other anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of acne are still unclear. recent studies have shown that p. acnes can be further classified into several phylotypes with distinct phenotypes and virulence. their distribution patterns in acne lesions have rarely been demonstrated.201323795647
etiologic link between sarcoidosis and propionibacterium acnes.propionibacterium acnes is the only microorganism isolated from sarcoid lesions by bacterial culture. numerous p. acnes genomes are found in lymph node samples from japanese and european patients with sarcoidosis, whereas a few genomes are found in some non-sarcoid samples. the high frequency and specificity of detecting p. acnes within sarcoid granulomas suggests that this indigenous bacterium causes granuloma formation in many patients with sarcoidosis. p. acnes is the most common commensal ba ...201323790733
response to the commentaries on the paper: propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne. 201323774528
analysis of complete genomes of propionibacterium acnes reveals a novel plasmid and increased pseudogenes in an acne associated strain.the human skin harbors a diverse community of bacteria, including the gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium propionibacterium acnes. p. acnes has historically been linked to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, a common skin disease affecting over 80% of all adolescents in the us. to gain insight into potential p. acnes pathogenic mechanisms, we previously sequenced the complete genome of a p. acnes strain hl096pa1 that is highly associated with acne. in this study, we compared its genome to the firs ...201323762865
a honey trap for the treatment of acne: manipulating the follicular microenvironment to control propionibacterium acnes.today, as 40 years ago, we still rely on a limited number of antibiotics and benzoyl peroxide to treat inflammatory acne. an alternative way of suppressing the growth of propionibacterium acnes is to target the environment in which it thrives. we conjecture that p. acnes colonises a relatively "extreme" habitat especially in relation to the availability of water and possibly related factors such as ionic strength and osmolarity. we hypothesise that the limiting "nutrient" within pilosebaceous fo ...201323762853
a novel topical ingredient derived from seaweed significantly reduces symptoms of acne vulgaris: a general literature review.currently, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and retinoids are the mainstay topical treatments for acne vulgaris. however, potential benefits may be offered by natural, marine-derived ingredients, such as those derived from brown seaweed (laminaria digitata). this article will review the available literature on two ingredients; "seaweed oligosaccharides," which are those derived from the polysaccharide membrane of laminaria digitata, and a novel seaweed oligosaccharide-zinc complex (sozc) (phycosac ...201323752036
cutaneous sarcoidosis with livedoid lesions: evidence of the involvement of propionibacterium acnes. 201323731481
clinical and bacteriological evaluation of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream versus adapalene 0.1% gel in patients with acne vulgaris.this multicenter, randomized parallel group study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream (combination therapy) compared with adapalene gel (monotherapy) during 12-week treatment of acne vulgaris. a total of 184 japanese patients aged above 12 years with moderate to severe acne as indicated by the japanese severity grading criteria were randomized to combination therapy (n = 84) and monotherapy (n = 100) groups, both having comparable demograph ...201323724808
what is the role of antimicrobial peptides (amp) in acne vulgaris?acne vulgaris is the most common disorder of the pilosebaceous unit leading to inflamed skin characterized by the formation of comedones, papules, pustules and scarring. there is increasing evidence that the abundance of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) in the inflamed acne lesions triggers inflammation. therefore, in addition to treatment with retinoids, the use of antimicrobial agents has been established as a treatment option for acne. this indicates that antimicrobial mechanisms to control ...201323711061
efficacy of ozone on microorganisms in the tooth root canal.the aim of this study was to examine the effect of ozone gas on the remaining bacteria after chemomechanical instrumentation of tooth root canal. the study was carried out at the department of endodontics and restorative dentistry, school of dental medicine, university of zagreb. a total of 37 tooth root canals from 23 teeth (10 incisors, 2 canines, 8 premolars and 3 molars) with a diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis (17 untreated teeth and 6 retreatments) from 20 adult patients (11 female ...201323697257
bacteriophages infecting propionibacterium acnes.viruses specifically infecting bacteria, or bacteriophages, are the most common biological entity in the biosphere. as such, they greatly influence bacteria, both in terms of enhancing their virulence and in terms of killing them. since the first identification of bacteriophages in the beginning of the 20th century, researchers have been fascinated by these microorganisms and their ability to eradicate bacteria. in this review, we will cover the history of the propionibacterium acnes bacteriopha ...201323691509
intracerebral abscess with dissecting pneumocephalus caused by a gas-producing gram-positive rod following craniotomy for glioblastoma multiforme resection.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), an indolent and slow-growing anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, has largely been known as a commensal organism of the normal skin flora. however, p. acnes is increasingly being recognized as the causative infectious organism complicating craniotomies and shunt insertions. to our knowledge, we present the first reported patient with an intracerebral abscess with dissecting pneumocephalus caused by p. acnes. a 58-year-old woman who was immunocompetent presented ...201323688444
surgery for abdominal wall pain caused by cutaneous nerve entrapment in children-a single institution experience in the last 5 years.chronic abdominal pain (cap) is a serious medical condition which needs to be approached with great attention. chronic abdominal pain may be caused by entrapment of cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves (acnes).201323682329
disordered toll-like receptor 2 responses in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.in this study, we hypothesized that the granulomatous disorder sarcoidosis is not caused by a single pathogen, but rather results from abnormal responses of toll-like receptors (tlrs) to conserved bacterial elements. unsorted bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cells from patients with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis and healthy non-smoking control subjects were stimulated with representative ligands of tlr-2 (in both tlr-2/1 and tlr-2/6 heterodimers) and tlr-4. responses were determined by assessing r ...201323668840
topical antimicrobial protection of postoperative surgical sites at risk of infection with propionibacterium acnes: an in-vitro study.propionibacterium acnes is an increasingly recognized pathogen in surgical site infections, particularly in relation to joint replacements and spinal procedures. due to its low virulence and slow-growing nature, clinical signs of infection may be prolonged, and diagnosis is often challenging. as a consequence, appropriate presurgical skin preparation and postsurgical protection of the wound using antimicrobial dressings are important considerations in the prevention of surgical site infections c ...201323375548
prevalence of intraoperative tissue bacterial contamination in posterior pediatric spinal deformity surgery.retrospective case control study.201323370682
percutaneous absorption and antibacterial activities of lipid nanocarriers loaded with dual drugs for acne treatment.the aim of this study was to develop lipid nanocarriers that combine tretinoin and tetracycline for the efficient topical delivery to treat acne vulgaris. two different nanocarriers, nanoemulsions (nes) and nanostructured lipid carriers (nlcs), were prepared, and we examined their average size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation percentage, and drug permeation via the skin. the antibacterial activities of the nanosystems against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and propionibacteriu ...201323370356
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis complicating propionibacterium acnes infection.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a common microbe of the skin and mucosal surfaces rarely considered a true pathogen. however, it has been reported to cause serious infections. subsequent ongoing low-grade antigenaemia may, in turn, lead to an immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with various renal histologies including that of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mpgn).201327818749
reply to "anaerobic thioglycolate broth culture for recovery of propionibacterium acnes from shoulder tissue and fluid specimens". 201323355725
anaerobic thioglycolate broth culture for recovery of propionibacterium acnes from shoulder tissue and fluid specimens. 201323355724
propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne.the human skin microbiome has important roles in skin health and disease. however, bacterial population structure and diversity at the strain level is poorly understood. we compared the skin microbiome at the strain level and genome level of propionibacterium acnes, a dominant skin commensal, between 49 acne patients and 52 healthy individuals by sampling the pilosebaceous units on their noses. metagenomic analysis demonstrated that although the relative abundances of p. acnes were similar, the ...201323337890
successful clinical use of daptomycin-impregnated bone cement in two-stage revision hip surgery for prosthetic joint infection.to describe the safe and successful use of daptomycin-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) bone cement in the treatment of a case of recurrent prosthetic joint infection in a patient with multiple antibiotic allergies and past colonization with multiply antibiotic-resistant organisms.201323324502
characteristics of infections associated with external ventricular drains of cerebrospinal fluid.manifestations of external ventricular drain (evd) - associated infections overlap with those of the underlying neurosurgical conditions. we analyzed characteristics of evd-associated infections.201323313468
in vivo treatment of propionibacterium acnes infection with liposomal lauric acids.propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is a gram-positive bacterium strongly associated with acne infection. while many antimicrobial agents have been used in clinic to treat acne infection by targeting p. acnes, these existing anti-acne agents usually produce considerable side effects. herein, the development and evaluation of liposomal lauric acids (lipola) is reported as a new, effective and safe therapeutic agent for the treatment of acne infection. by incorporating lauric acids into the lipid b ...201323495239
dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp.the bacterial and fungal communities associated with dandruff were investigated using culture-independent methodologies in the french subjects. the major bacterial and fungal species inhabiting the scalp subject's were identified by cloning and sequencing of the conserved ribosomal unit regions (16s for bacterial and 28s-its for fungal) and were further quantified by quantitative pcr. the two main bacterial species found on the scalp surface were propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epider ...201323483996
a systematic review of the immune-modulators parapoxvirus ovis and propionibacterium acnes for the prevention of respiratory disease and other infections in the horse.inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ippvo) and propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) are currently used in equine medicine as immune-modulators for prophylactic treatment or adjunct to conventional therapy in order to improve immune defences, to prevent or treat infectious diseases. their mode of action relies on a non-antigen specific interaction with the innate and/or adaptive immune responses. ippvo stimulates and regulates cytokine secretion by leucocytes, while p. acnes acts primarily through the a ...201323481655
shooting at skin propionibacterium acnes: to be or not to be on target. 201323474945
cyanoacrylate microbial sealant may reduce the prevalence of positive cultures in revision shoulder arthroplasty.cyanoacrylate-based, microbial sealant is an adhesive skin barrier designed to prevent bacterial contamination in surgical wounds. this type of adhesive barrier could have use in decreasing the incidence of positive cultures and subsequent infection in shoulder arthroplasty.201323471553
bacterial biofilms and capsular contracture in patients with breast implants.it has been hypothesized that bacterial biofilms on breast implants may cause chronic inflammation leading to capsular contracture. the association between bacterial biofilms of removed implants and capsular contracture was investigated.201323468161
microbial contamination of hematopoietic progenitor and other regenerative cells used in transplantation and regenerative medicine.microbial contamination of hematopoietic progenitor cells (hpcs) and other regenerative cells used in transplantation and regenerative medicine can occur during collection and after in vitro manipulation, including purging, cryopreservation, thawing, and infusion.201323461309
antimicrobial susceptibility of propionibacterium acnes isolates from acne patients in colombia.the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in propionibacterium acnes poses a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in acne patients. although p. acnes resistance has been demonstrated throughout the world, no previous data regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of p. acnes in colombia are available.201323451873
single-stage revision for peri-prosthetic shoulder infection: outcomes and results.there have been only a few small studies of patients with an infected shoulder replacement treated with a single-stage exchange procedure. we retrospectively reviewed 35 patients (19 men and 16 women) with a peri-prosthetic infection of the shoulder who were treated in this way. a total of 26 were available for clinical examination; three had died, two were lost to follow-up and four patients had undergone revision surgery. the mean follow-up time was 4.7 years (1.1 to 13.25), with an infection- ...201323450026
enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide reduces the number of acne lesions in acne vulgaris.a major component to the etiology of acne is the growth and invasion by propionibacterium acnes. hydrogen peroxide is an excellent antimicrobial agent but is unstable in most formulations. we have developed a hydrogen peroxide generation system using the enzyme glucose oxidase and glucose. this system is stable in a simple formulation and nonirritating. in a short-term clinical study (4 days), this formulation was effective in reducing the individual lesion size and total number of inflammatory ...201323449126
comparative evaluation of uniplex, nested, semi-nested, multiplex and nested multiplex pcr methods in the identification of microbial etiology of clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis.this study is aimed to determine the utility of various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods in vitreous fluids (vfs) for detecting the infectious genomes in the diagnosis of infectious endophthalmitis in terms of sensitivity and specificity.201323448514
antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne.propionibacterium acnes is an important target in acne management. antibiotic resistance has increased, reducing its clinical efficiency.201323432195
[endocarditis caused by propionibacterium acnes -- a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].a 77-year-old man suffered from recurrent peripheral cerebral embolisms five months after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis (sjm epic 25 mm).201323423937
complete genome sequence of a propionibacterium acnes isolate from a sarcoidosis patient.propionibacterium acnes is a human skin commensal that resides preferentially within sebaceous follicles and is the only microorganism that has been isolated from sarcoid lesions. we report the complete genome sequence of p. acnes, which was isolated from a japanese patient with sarcoidosis.201323405284
fermentation of propionibacterium acnes, a commensal bacterium in the human skin microbiome, as skin probiotics against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.bacterial interference creates an ecological competition between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. through fermentation of milk with gut-friendly bacteria, yogurt is an excellent aid to balance the bacteriological ecosystem in the human intestine. here, we demonstrate that fermentation of glycerol with propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), a skin commensal bacterium, can function as a skin probiotic for in vitro and in vivo growth suppression of usa300, the most prevalent community-acquired methi ...201323405142
does nuclear tissue infected with bacteria following disc herniations lead to modic changes in the adjacent vertebrae?to investigate the prevalence of infected herniated nucleus material in lumbar disc herniations and to determine if patients with an anaerobic infected disc are more likely to develop modic change (mc) (bone oedema) in the adjacent vertebrae after the disc herniation. mcs (bone oedema) in vertebrae are observed in 6 % of the general population and in 35-40 % of people with low back pain. these changes are strongly associated with low back pain. there are probably a mechanical cause and an infect ...201323397187
bacterial infection as a likely cause of adverse reactions to polyacrylamide hydrogel fillers in cosmetic surgery.the etiology of long-lasting adverse reactions to gel fillers used in cosmetic surgery is not known. bacterial infection and immunological reaction to the product have been suggested.201323392390
a mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of propionibacterium acnes.prostatic inflammation has been linked to a number of prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), prostatitis syndromes, and prostate cancer. major unanswered questions include what pathogenic mechanisms, such as bacterial infections, may drive the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the human prostate, and how inflammation might contribute to disease. to study this potential link in an in vivo system, we developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic in ...201323389852
microbial flora of cochlear implants by gene pyrosequencing.to describe the microbial flora associated with cochlear implants (cis) removed for infectious and noninfectious indications.201323921938
periprosthetic shoulder infection.shoulder arthroplasty is considered the most effective surgical procedure for endstage shoulder pain from different causes including osteoarthritis, cuff-tear arthropathy, trauma, and tumors. although uncommon and less frequent than knee or hip periprosthetic infection, periprosthetic shoulder infection represents a devastating complication and, despite treatment, is associated with unsatisfactory results. the most commonly identified microorganisms in periprosthetic shoulder infections are stap ...201323919098
chitosan against cutaneous pathogens.propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus aureus are cutaneous pathogens that have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. we sought to determine if chitosan, a polymer of deacetylated chitin, could be used as a potential treatment against these bacteria. we found that higher molecular weight chitosan had superior antimicrobial properties compared to lower molecular weights, and that this activity occurred in a ph dependent manner. electron and fluorescence microscopy revealed that chitos ...201323829873
propionibacterium acnes-killed attenuates the inflammatory response and protects mice from sepsis by modulating inflammatory factors.sepsis is a systemic inflammation associated with infection caused by pathogenic micro-organisms with high mortality rates.201323290472
primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving small veins with a granulomatous leukoencephalitis-like lesion in the cerebrum.we have reported an autopsy case of primary granulomatous angiitis of the cns preferentially involving the small veins with a granulomatous leukoencepalitis-like lesion in the cerebral white matter of a 48-year-old man. the latter lesion was ischemic necrosis due to circumferential multiple perivenous granulomas in the adjacent virchow-robin space. multifocal progressive involvement of venular adventitia by granulomas, leaving behind mural fibrosis and luminal stenosis, was related clinically to ...201323279573
in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients: an egyptian university hospital-based study.antibiotics have been used for more than 40 years against propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes), the most common agent of acne. antibiotic resistance to this bacterium becomes a worldwide problem in recent years. no studies are available on antibiotic susceptibility patterns of p. acnes among egyptian acne patients.201323279041
propionibacterium acnes activates caspase-1 in human neutrophils.propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive, slow-growing, anaerobic bacillus, predominantly found as a commensal on the skin and mucous membranes of adults. it is, however, also considered an opportunistic pathogen; mostly associated with acne vulgaris, but rarely also with severe infections such as infective endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, and deep sternal wound infections following cardiothoracic surgery. in addition, p. acnes has recently been found in high frequency in prostate ti ...201323278288
trends of sapho therapy: should we be content?the interventional studies with bone biopsy of the sapho lesions and microbiological investigation are a significant addition to a long range of publications showing an association of sapho with propionibacterium acnes. infectious agents isolated from sapho patients have merited special attention for many years. their possible etiological role is supported by the pathogen isolation from different sites: anterior chest wall, spine, synovial fluid, bone tissue, and skin pustules. a range of pathog ...201325198365
the immune response in sapho syndrome: deficiency, hyper- responsiveness, or both?the pathophysiology of sapho syndrome still remains to be determined. however, like in other forms of spondylarthritides, this rare condition seems to result from the combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. surely, sapho syndrome cannot be simply regarded as the adult form of the 'caricatural' dira (deficiency in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) syndrome, although this purely genetic disease also causes multiple osteomyelitis and pustular rashes. an initial bacterial t ...201325198361
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