Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| functional amplification and preservation of human gut microbiota. | background: the availability of fresh stool samples is a prerequisite in most gut microbiota functional studies. objective: strategies for amplification and long-term gut microbiota preservation from fecal samples would favor sample sharing, help comparisons and reproducibility over time and between laboratories, and improve the safety and ethical issues surrounding fecal microbiota transplantations. design: taking advantage of in vitro gut-simulating systems, we amplified the microbial repertoi ... | 2017 | 28572754 |
| editorial: making fecal microbiota transplantation easier to swallow: freeze-dried preparation for recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) has emerged as an effective and increasingly popular therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infections in patients that have failed standard antimicrobial treatment. patient access to fmt is hampered by the logistics of manufacturing, storing, and delivering the inocula. an observational study describes the development and clinical efficacy of freeze-dried fmt capsules for oral administration. while awaiting the emergence of defined bacterial therapeutics f ... | 2017 | 28572645 |
| a protocol to characterize the morphological changes of clostridium difficile in response to antibiotic treatment. | assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. to gain insight into possible moa, morphologic changes associated with antibiotic exposure can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (sem). integrating sem imaging with traditional kill curves may improve our insight into drug action and advance the drug development process. to test this premise, kill curves and sem studies were conducted using drugs wi ... | 2017 | 28570548 |
| how chinese clinicians face ethical and social challenges in fecal microbiota transplantation: a questionnaire study. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is reportedly the most effective therapy for relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and a potential therapeutic option for many diseases. it also poses important ethical concerns. this study is an attempt to assess clinicians' perception and attitudes towards ethical and social challenges raised by fecal microbiota transplantation. | 2017 | 28569156 |
| a retrospective study of patient factors that indicate provider nonadherence to an institutional clostridium difficile treatment guideline. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is treated most often with metronidazole or vancomycin. both have been effective in treatment of mild to moderate infection. in more severe cases, vancomycin may be more effective. | 2017 | 28569127 |
| therapy of the postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: an update. | after acute infectious gastroenteritis, up to thirty percent of patients present prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms and a part of those affected patients can have the diagnostic criteria for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. treatment is symptom directed rather than curative and includes agents prescribed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in general. prophylaxis or early treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea may reduce the risk of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome devel ... | 2017 | 28559695 |
| incidence and risk factors for community and hospital acquisition of clostridium difficile infection in the tel aviv sourasky medical center. | objectives to estimate the incidence and identified risk factors for community-acquired (ca) and hospital-acquired (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) methods we conducted 2 parallel case-control studies at tel aviv sourasky medical center from january 1, 2011, to december 31, 2014. we identified persons with cdi, determined whether infection was community or hospital acquired, and calculated incidence rates from 2007 to 2014. we collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiological inform ... | 2017 | 28558856 |
| effects of a new hospital-wide surgical consultation protocol in patients with clostridium difficile colitis. | fulminant clostridium difficile colitis (fcdc) occurs in 2%-8% of patients with cdc and carries a high death rate. prompt operation may reduce death. our aim was to determine whether a standardized hospital-wide protocol for surgical referral in cdc would result in earlier surgical consultation, earlier identification of patients who could benefit from surgical therapy, and reduced deaths from fcdc. | 2017 | 28557651 |
| clostridium difficile infections in finland, 2008-2015: trends, diagnostics and ribotypes. | we evaluated clostridium difficile (cd) diagnostics in finnish clinical microbiology laboratories during 2006-2011, with an update in 2015, in relation to cd surveillance data of the national infectious disease register (nidr) and ribotyping data from the national reference laboratory during the years 2008-2015. in 2011, diagnostic activity varied regionally more than three-fold and the positivity rate ranged between 7 and 21%. nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) was implemented in the reg ... | 2017 | 28555402 |
| trends in the use of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection and association with incidence rates in quebec, canada, 2010-2014. | several clostridium difficile infection (cdi) surveillance programs do not specify laboratory strategies to use. we investigated the evolution in testing strategies used across quebec, canada, and its association with incidence rates. | 2017 | 28549882 |
| investigation of community carriage rates of clostridium difficile and hungatella hathewayi in healthy volunteers from four regions of england. | faecal samples from 1365 healthy asymptomatic volunteers from four regions in england were screened for the presence of clostridium difficile between december 2013 and july 2014. the carriage rate of c. difficile in healthy patients was 0.5%, which is lower than reported previously. this study demonstrates that the true community reservoir of c. difficile in the healthy uk population is very low and is, therefore, unlikely to be a reservoir for infections diagnosed in the hospital setting. | 2017 | 28549779 |
| synthesis of defined and functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid: a cell surface polysaccharide from clostridium difficile. | two structurally defined, functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid (lta, also known as ps-iii) from c. difficile, which have one or two repeating units of lta linked to the core trisaccharide, were efficiently synthesized via a convergent [2 + 3] or [2 + 2 + 3] strategy. the α-linkage of both n-acetylglucosamine residues in the repeating unit were constructed with glycosyl imidates of azidosugars as donors, while the phosphodiester bridges between the oligosaccharides were fashioned using h-p ... | 2017 | 28548838 |
| evidence-based approach to clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28546796 | |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: from clostridium difficile to inflammatory bowel disease. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has evolved from a case report in the medical literature to the basis of major innovations in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and, potentially, inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in the clinical setting, fmt was noted to significantly lower the risk of recurrent cdi, likely by increasing microbial diversity and altering the metabolic environment in the intestinal tract of recipients. in parallel, advances in the ability to quantify and ... | 2017 | 28546791 |
| clostridium difficile toxins a and b: receptors, pores, and translocation into cells. | the most potent toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria contain enzymatic moieties that must reach the cytosol of target cells to exert their full toxicity. toxins such as anthrax, diphtheria, and botulinum toxin all use three well-defined functional domains to intoxicate cells: a receptor-binding moiety that triggers endocytosis into acidified vesicles by binding to a specific host-cell receptor, a translocation domain that forms pores across the endosomal membrane in response to acidic ph, and ... | 2017 | 28545305 |
| a multicenter, retrospective, case-cohort study of the epidemiology and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection among cord blood transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of health-care associated infectious diarrhea. the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for cdi in the 100 days following umbilical cord blood transplantation (ucbt) at three boston hospitals. | 2017 | 28544102 |
| clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major healthcare-associated infection that causes significant morbidity and an economic impact in the united states. in this review, we provide an overview of clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients with an emphasis on recent literature. | 2017 | 28542111 |
| [intestinal microbiota in individualized therapies]. | during recent years, the analysis of the human microbiota has been receiving more and more scientific focus. deep sequencing analysis enables characterization of microbial communities in different environments without the need of culture-based methods. hereby, information about microbial communities is increasing enormously. numerous studies in humans and animal models revealed the important role of the microbiome in emergence and natural course of diseases such as autoimmune diseases and metabo ... | 2017 | 28540475 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation: where did it start? what have studies taught us? where is it going? | the composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, clostridium difficile infection. in canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant c. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and th ... | 2017 | 28540051 |
| bacteriophage transfer during faecal microbiota transplantation in clostridium difficile infection is associated with treatment outcome. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is effective for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). studies have shown bacterial colonisation after fmt, but data on viral alterations in cdi are scarce. we investigated enteric virome alterations in cdi and the association between viral transfer and clinical outcome in patients with cdi. | 2017 | 28539351 |
| less is more? antibiotic duration and outcomes in fournier's gangrene. | antibiotic management of fournier's gangrene (fg) is without evidence-based guidelines and is based on expert opinion. the effect of duration of antibiotic therapy on outcomes in fg is unknown. | 2017 | 28538648 |
| norovirus and clostridium difficile outbreaks: squelching the wildfire. | gastrointestinal outbreaks in the healthcare setting cause increased morbidity and mortality in an already vulnerable population. optimization of infection prevention measures can be a challenge in healthcare settings. this review describes new literature that may change the traditional infection prevention approach to such outbreaks. | 2017 | 28538249 |
| erratum for hong et al., "mucosal antibodies to the c terminus of toxin a prevent colonization of clostridium difficile". | 2017 | 28536258 | |
| clostridium difficile extraintestinal abscess: a rare complication. | extraintestinal clostridium difficile is rare. a 74-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis presented after a fall. trauma work-up showed liver cirrhosis. two days later he developed abdominal pain, distension, diarrhoea and leucocytosis. stool tested positive for c. difficile ct abdomen showed pancolitis with toxic megacolon. total abdominal colectomy and ileostomy with a rectal stump was performed. he was discharged, but was readmitted with sepsis. ct abdomen showed a 10.4×7.2 cm flu ... | 2017 | 28536228 |
| correction for cairns et al., "comparative genome analysis and global phylogeny of the toxin variant clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 017 reveals the evolution of two independent sublineages". | 2017 | 28536162 | |
| primary human polarized small intestinal epithelial barriers respond differently to a hazardous and an innocuous protein. | an experimental platform employing human derived intestinal epithelial cell (iec) line monolayers grown on permeable transwell(®) filters was previously investigated to differentiate between hazardous and innocuous proteins. this approach was effective at distinguishing these types of proteins and perturbation of monolayer integrity, particularly transepithelial electrical resistance (teer), was the most sensitive indicator. in the current report, in vitro indicators of monolayer integrity, cyto ... | 2017 | 28533127 |
| clinical, immunological and microbiological predictors of poor outcome in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) causes increased morbidity and mortality. clinical data cannot clearly predict poor cdi outcome. data on the value of microbiological predictors is scarce. | 2017 | 28533000 |
| methods and reporting studies assessing fecal microbiota transplantation: a systematic review. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) could be a novel treatment option for several chronic diseases associated with altered gut microbiota. | 2017 | 28531908 |
| management of bacteriuria in veterans affairs hospitals. | bacteriuria contributes to antibiotic overuse through treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) and long durations of therapy for symptomatic urinary tract infections (utis), yet large-scale evaluations of bacteriuria management among inpatients are lacking. | 2017 | 28531289 |
| how to: establish and run a stool bank. | since 2013, several stool banks have been developed following publications reporting on clinical success of 'faecal microbiota transplantation' (fmt) for recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi). however, protocols for donor screening, faecal suspension preparation, and transfer of the faecal suspension differ between countries and institutions. moreover, no european consensus exists regarding the legislative aspects of the faecal suspension product. internationally standardized recommen ... | 2017 | 28529025 |
| antimicrobial activity of fidaxomicin against clostridium difficile clinical isolates in aichi area in japan. | we evaluated the susceptibility of 100 japanese clostridium difficile isolates to fidaxomicin, a new macrocyclic antibiotic. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range of fidaxomicin was 0.03-0.5 μg/ml, with a mic for inhibition of 50% (mic50) of 0.12 μg/ml, and for inhibition of 90% (mic90) of 0.25 μg/ml. we also evaluated the susceptibilities of the same 100 c. difficile isolates to vancomycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, meropenem, and ampicillin. of all the antibiotics te ... | 2017 | 28527649 |
| [clinical and demographic profile and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection]. | clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. the increasing incidence added to a lower rate of response to the initial treatment and higher rates of relapse has generated a higher burden of the disease. | 2017 | 28527248 |
| efficacy of the world health organization-recommended handwashing technique and a modified washing technique to remove clostridium difficile from hands. | the efficacy of the world health organization (who)-recommended handwashing technique against clostridium difficile is uncertain, and whether it could be improved remains unknown. also, the benefit of using a structured technique instead of an unstructured technique remains unclear. | 2017 | 28526314 |
| dramatic effects of a new antimicrobial stewardship program in a rural community hospital. | new joint commission antimicrobial stewardship requirements took effect on january 1, 2017, promoted as a central strategy for coping with the emerging problems of antimicrobial resistance and clostridium difficile infection. our objective was to measure the effects of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) in a rural community hospital with no prior asp, in the context of having a new infectious disease specialist on staff. | 2017 | 28526311 |
| antimicrobial stewardship for hospitalized patients with viral respiratory tract infections. | the purpose of this study was to implement a targeted antimicrobial stewardship intervention for patients with a viral respiratory tract infection. | 2017 | 28526309 |
| draft genome sequences of five enterococcus species isolated from the gut of patients with suspected clostridium difficile infection. | we present draft genome sequences of five enterococcus species from patients suspected of clostridium difficile infection. genome completeness was confirmed by presence of bacterial orthologs (97%). gene searches using hidden-markov models revealed that the isolates harbor between seven and 11 genes involved in antibiotic resistance to tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and vancomycin. | 2017 | 28522725 |
| gut microbiota-mediated protection against diarrheal infections. | the mammalian gut microbiota is a highly abundant and diverse microbial community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract. one major benefit that the gut microbiota provides to its host is colonization resistance-the ability to prevent colonization by foreign microbes, including diarrheal pathogens such as clostridium difficile , salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and diarrheagenic escherichia coli . | 2017 | 28520994 |
| effects of short- and long-course antibiotics on the lower intestinal microbiome as they relate to traveller's diarrhea. | antibiotics have profound and lasting effects on the lower intestinal (gut) microbiome that can both promote resistance and increase susceptibility to colonization and infection; knowledge of these changes is important to the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. | 2017 | 28520993 |
| evolving insights into the epidemiology and control of clostridium difficile in hospitals. | typing studies suggest most cases of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection are unrelated to other cases of active disease in the hospital. new cases may instead be due to transmissions from asymptomatic carriers or progression of latent c.difficile present-on-admission to active infection. direct exposure to antibiotics remains the primary risk factor for c.difficile infection but ward-level antibiotic use, antibiotic exposure of the prior room occupant, and c.difficile status of the pr ... | 2017 | 28520953 |
| determination of the in vitro sporulation frequency of clostridium difficile. | the anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen, clostridium difficile, persists within the environment and spreads from host-to-host via its infectious form, the spore. to effectively study spore formation, the physical differentiation of vegetative cells from spores is required to determine the proportion of spores within a population of c. difficile. this protocol describes a method to accurately enumerate both viable vegetative cells and spores separately and subsequently calculate a sporulation fr ... | 2017 | 28516125 |
| serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin as novel adjunct in complicated clostridium difficile colitis treatment. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a well-known complication of antibiotic therapy. it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost in the hospital setting. the main symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and distension, but cdi can also present as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation with peritonitis, sepsis and renal failure. therapy includes metronidazole and oral vancomycin, with rectal vancomycin and fecal transplant reserved for more complicated cases. adjun ... | 2017 | 28516109 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation outcomes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a single-center experience. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major infectious disease focus for which fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been used with success in various patient populations. | 2017 | 28513974 |
| can procalcitonin contribute to the diagnosis of clostridium difficile colitis? | it is a challenge to diagnosis clostridium difficile colitis. | 2017 | 28513121 |
| intrinsic toxin-derived peptides destabilize and inactivate clostridium difficile tcdb. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of hospital-associated, antibiotic-induced diarrhea, which is largely mediated by the production of two large multidomain clostridial toxins, tcda and tcdb. both toxins coordinate the action of specific domains to bind receptors, enter cells, and deliver a catalytic fragment into the cytosol. this results in gtpase inactivation, actin disassembly, and cytotoxicity. tcdb in particular has been shown to encode a region covering amino acids 175 ... | 2017 | 28512094 |
| emergence of microbial diversity due to cross-feeding interactions in a spatial model of gut microbial metabolism. | the human gut contains approximately 10(14) bacteria, belonging to hundreds of different species. together, these microbial species form a complex food web that can break down nutrient sources that our own digestive enzymes cannot handle, including complex polysaccharides, producing short chain fatty acids and additional metabolites, e.g., vitamin k. microbial diversity is important for colonic health: changes in the composition of the microbiota have been associated with inflammatory bowel dise ... | 2017 | 28511646 |
| enteric infection in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: the utility of stool microbial pcr testing. | the similar presentations in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and enteric infection pose substantial barriers to diagnosis and treatment. the objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, etiology, predictors, and treatment of enteric infection in patients with ibd. | 2017 | 28511200 |
| identification of novel risk factors for community-acquired clostridium difficile infection using spatial statistics and geographic information system analyses. | the rate of community-acquired clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) is increasing. while receipt of antibiotics remains an important risk factor for cdi, studies related to acquisition of c. difficile outside of hospitals are lacking. as a result, risk factors for exposure to c. difficile in community settings have been inadequately studied. | 2017 | 28510584 |
| changes in microbial ecology after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent c. difficile infection affected by underlying inflammatory bowel disease. | gut microbiota play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem predispose to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and gut inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from a healthy donor can restore gut microbial diversity and pathogen colonization resistance; consequently, it is now being investigated for its ability to improve inflammatory gut conditions such as ibd. in this stu ... | 2017 | 28506317 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a patient with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease. | the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection and coexistent inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. a 61-year-old man with ulcerative pancolitis was diagnosed with a third recurrence of clostridium difficile infection, previously treated with metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin. fecal microbiota transplantation of an unrelated healthy donor was performed by the lower route. after a twelve month follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic with ... | 2017 | 28506071 |
| comparison of the hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection risk of using proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists for prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | although proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcers in hospital settings, there are concerns that ppis increase the risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, little is known about the risk of cdi following ppi and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (h2ra) use. we evaluated the comparative hospital-acquired cdi occurrence risk associated with the concurrent use of ppis versus h2ras. | 2017 | 28506028 |
| predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year cohort study: authors' reply. | 2017 | 28502839 | |
| an outbreak of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027 in spain: risk factors for recurrence and a novel treatment strategy. | an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) caused by ribotype 027 (b1/nap1) began in our hospital in november 2014, and produced 141 episodes in the following months. the aim of this study is to describe this outbreak, assess risk factors for recurrence of cdi-027 and to analyze the implementation of a novel treatment strategy. this is a prospective study of all patients with cdi-027, from november 2014 to november 2015. the epidemiological data were collected daily for each patient. w ... | 2017 | 28501926 |
| molecular typing of clostridium difficile isolates cultured from patient stool samples and gastroenterological medical devices in a single iranian hospital. | this study aimed to characterize clostridium difficile isolates cultured from stool samples of patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) and swabs from a medical environment in a gastroenterology center in tehran, iran. a total of 158 samples (105 stool samples from hospitalized patients and 53 swabs from medical devices and the environment) were collected from january 2011 to august 2011 and investigated for the presence of c. difficile by direct anaerobic culture on a selective media for c. d ... | 2017 | 28501554 |
| comparative effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplant by route of administration. | the optimal route of delivery for faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is unknown. this observational single-centre study analysed the two-week cure rates for all patients who received fmt from 2013 to 2016 according to route of delivery. overall, nasogastric delivery of fmt was less effective than lower endoscopic delivery. when patients were stratified by illness severity, nasogastric delivery achieved similar cure rates in healthier individuals, whereas lower endoscopic delivery was preferred f ... | 2017 | 28501333 |
| carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140, a scaffold for lead antibacterial discovery. | mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. in particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and clostridium difficile a c-terminal s-[(z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (avicys) residue is derived from a decar ... | 2017 | 28500042 |
| protective factors in the intestinal microbiome against clostridium difficile infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent complication in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct), who receive intensive treatments that significantly disrupt the intestinal microbiota. in this study, we examined the microbiota composition of allo-hsct recipients to identify bacterial colonizers that confer protection against cdi after engraftment. | 2017 | 28498996 |
| assessing the risk and disease burden of clostridium difficile infection among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia at a university hospital in central china. | hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) remains one of the major hospital-acquired infections in china. antibiotic treatment of hap may lead to subsequent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). baseline data on the occurrence of cdi among hap patients in china are currently unavailable. this study examines the risk and disease burden of cdi among hap hospitalized patients (hap-cdi). | 2017 | 28497295 |
| inhibition of clostridium difficile in mice using a mixture of potential probiotic strains enterococcus faecalis nm815, e. faecalis nm915, and e. faecium nm1015: novel candidates to control c. difficile infection (cdi). | this study is aimed at the isolation, identification, and characterization of potential probiotic strains capable of inhibiting clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. twenty isolates were isolated from infant fecal samples and screened against c. difficile using their cell-free supernatant. only three isolates showed maximum inhibition from 56.05 to 60.60%, thus they were characterized for probiotic properties and safety. the results obtained approved their tolerance to the gastrointestinal ... | 2017 | 28497217 |
| lack of association between the clinical outcome of clostridium difficile infection and current steroids use. | the purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients on systemic steroids for various indications to patients not on steroids in term of disease severity, and associated morbidity and mortality. | 2017 | 28496532 |
| comparison of two environmental sampling tools for the detection of clostridium difficile spores on hard bathroom surfaces in the hospital setting. | 2017 | 28495188 | |
| filmarray™ gi panel performance for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea. | acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. the rapid and specific identification of infectious agents is crucial for correct patient management. however, diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis is usually performed with diagnostic panels that include only a few pathogens. in the present bicentric study, the diagnostic value of filmarray™ gi panels was assessed in unformed stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis and in a series of samples colle ... | 2017 | 28494766 |
| rapid synthesis of bicyclic lactones via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonizations. | a novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonization of amino propargylic alcohols has been developed to provide rapid access to various bicyclic lactones especially dihydropyrrole-fused furanones, which are novel structures and have not been explored in biological and medicinal settings. this method can also be used to access β-lactone products such as 16. preliminary biological evaluations revealed that compounds 13h and 13s demonstrated promising activity against clostri ... | 2017 | 28492641 |
| infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: results from the organ transplant infection project, a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. | infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct). our object was to better define the epidemiology and outcomes of infections after hct. | 2017 | 28491889 |
| current challenges in the treatment of severe clostridium difficile infection: early treatment potential of fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a very effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). less is known about the application of fmt as a curative treatment of severe or complicated cdi. in this review, we present and discuss evidence supporting the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. we performed a literature search in pubmed and embase for studies on the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. in addition, we describe a patient with sever ... | 2017 | 28491142 |
| antimicrobial activity of natural products against clostridium difficile in vitro. | to investigate the antimicrobial activity of various natural products against clostridium difficile in vitro. | 2017 | 28489336 |
| a clostridium difficile alanine racemase affects spore germination and accommodates serine as a substrate. | clostridium difficile has become one of the most common bacterial pathogens in hospital-acquired infections in the united states. although c. difficile is strictly anaerobic, it survives in aerobic environments and transmits between hosts via spores. c. difficile spore germination is triggered in response to certain bile acids and glycine. although glycine is the most effective co-germinant, other amino acids can substitute with varying efficiencies. of these, l-alanine is an effective co-germin ... | 2017 | 28487371 |
| thirty-day readmissions after hospitalization for clostridium difficile enteritis measures and predictors: a nationwide analysis. | 2017 | 28486996 | |
| optimal control of vaccination rate in an epidemiological model of clostridium difficile transmission. | the spore-forming, gram-negative bacteria clostridium difficile can cause severe intestinal illness. a striking increase in the number of cases of c. difficile infection (cdi) among hospitals has highlighted the need to better understand how to prevent the spread of cdi. in our paper, we modify and update a compartmental model of nosocomial c. difficile transmission to include vaccination. we then apply optimal control theory to determine the time-varying optimal vaccination rate that minimizes ... | 2017 | 28484801 |
| intraluminal administration of resiniferatoxin protects against clostridium difficile toxin a-induced colitis. | clostridium difficile toxin a is a colonic inflammatory agent that acts partially by activation of trpv1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1). resiniferatoxin (rtx) is an excitotoxin that activates trpv1 at low concentrations and defunctionalizes trpv1 at high concentrations. rtx at various doses was injected intraluminally into isolated ileal segments in anesthetized rats. after 3 hours, the treated segments were removed and inflammation was assessed. this acute treatment with rtx re ... | 2017 | 28484490 |
| protective effect of carvacrol against gut dysbiosis and clostridium difficile associated disease in a mouse model. | this study investigated the effect of carvacrol (cr), a phytophenolic compound on antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis and c. difficile infection in a mouse model. five to six-week-old c57bl/6 mice were randomly divided into seven treatment groups (challenge and control) of eight mice each. mice were fed with irradiated feed supplemented with cr (0, 0.05, and 0.1%); the challenge groups were made susceptible to c. difficile by orally administering an antibiotic cocktail in water and an intra-peri ... | 2017 | 28484429 |
| bezlotoxumab: could this be the answer for clostridium difficile recurrence? | to review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of bezlotoxumab (bez), a novel monoclonal antibody against clostridium difficile toxin b. | 2017 | 28480750 |
| community environmental contamination of toxigenic clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection is often considered to result from recent acquisition of a c difficile isolate in a healthcare setting. however, c difficile spores can persist for long periods of time, suggesting a potentially large community environmental reservoir. the objectives of this study were to assess community environmental contamination of toxigenic c difficile and to assess strain distribution in environmental versus clinical isolates. | 2017 | 28480289 |
| primary outcomes from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial of surotomycin in subjects with clostridium difficile infection. | although the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing, available cdi treatment options are limited in terms of sustained response after treatment. this phase 3 trial assessed the efficacy and safety of surotomycin, a novel bactericidal cyclic lipopeptide, versus oral vancomycin in subjects with cdi. | 2017 | 28480267 |
| does adjunctive tigecycline improve outcomes in severe-complicated, nonoperative clostridium difficile infection? | severe clostridium difficile infection is associated with a high rate of mortality; however, the optimal treatment for severe- complicated infection remains uncertain for patients who are not candidates for surgical intervention. thus, we sought to evaluate the benefit of adjunctive tigecycline in this patient population using a retrospective cohort adjusted for propensity to receive tigecycline. we found that patients who received tigecycline had similar outcomes to those who did not, although ... | 2017 | 28480257 |
| outcomes associated with antimicrobial de-escalation of treatment for pneumonia within the veterans healthcare administration. | de-escalation, an antimicrobial stewardship concept, involves narrowing broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial therapy based on clinical data. current health outcomes evidence is lacking to support de-escalation. studying veterans healthcare administration pneumonia patients, de-escalation was associated with improved length of stay without affecting 30-day readmission or 30-day clostridium difficile infection rates. | 2017 | 28480242 |
| higher incidence of clostridium difficile infection among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. | studies of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) have used data from single centers or cdi administrative data codes of limited diagnostic accuracy. we determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes after cdi in a population-based cohort of patients with ibd and laboratory confirmation diagnoses of cdi. | 2017 | 28479377 |
| promoting appropriate urine culture management to improve health care outcomes and the accuracy of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. | published literature indicates that the unjustified ordering or improper collection of urine for urinalysis or culture from either catheterized patients or those without indwelling devices, or misinterpretation of positive results, often leads to adverse health care events, including increased financial burdens, overreporting of mandated catheter-associated urinary tract infection events, overtreatment of patients with antimicrobial agents, selection of multidrug-resistant organisms, and clostri ... | 2017 | 28476493 |
| tracking microbial colonization in fecal microbiota transplantation experiments via genome-resolved metagenomics. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection and shows promise for treating other medical conditions associated with intestinal dysbioses. however, we lack a sufficient understanding of which microbial populations successfully colonize the recipient gut, and the widely used approaches to study the microbial ecology of fmt experiments fail to provide enough resolution to identify populations that are likely responsible for fmt-deri ... | 2017 | 28473000 |
| microbicidal effects of weakly acidified chlorous acid water against feline calicivirus and clostridium difficile spores under protein-rich conditions. | sanitation of environmental surfaces with chlorine based-disinfectants is a principal measure to control outbreaks of norovirus or clostridium difficile. the microbicidal activity of chlorine-based disinfectants depends on the free available chlorine (fac), but their oxidative potential is rapidly eliminated by organic matter. in this study, the microbicidal activities of weakly acidified chlorous acid water (wacaw) and sodium hypochlorite solution (naclo) against feline calcivirus (fcv) and c. ... | 2017 | 28472060 |
| [bezlotoxumab for the secondary prevention of clostridium difficile infection : modify i and modify ii studies]. | 2017 | 28470456 | |
| proton pump inhibitors and clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28469228 | |
| a combination of the probiotic and prebiotic product can prevent the germination of clostridium difficile spores and infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most prevalent healthcare associated infections in hospitals and nursing homes. different approaches are used for prevention of cdi. absence of intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been associated with c. difficile colonization in hospitalized patients. our aim was to test a) the susceptibility of c. difficile strains of different origin and the intestinal probiotic lactobacillus plantarum inducia (dsm 21379) to various antimicrobial ... | 2017 | 28465256 |
| the emergence of clostridium difficile infection in asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common healthcare associated infection and is highly prevalent in europe and north america. limited data is available on the prevalence of cdi in asia. however, secular increases in prevalence of risk factors for cdi suggest that it may be emerging as a major cause of morbidity, highlighting the urgent need for a systematic study of the prevalence of cdi in asia. | 2017 | 28463987 |
| a multicenter randomized trial to determine the effect of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection. | objective to determine the impact of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (cdi). design a multicenter randomized trial. setting in total,16 acute-care hospitals in northeastern ohio participated in the study. intervention we conducted a 12-month randomized trial to compare standard cleaning to enhanced cleaning that included monitoring of environmental services (evs) personnel performance with feedback to evs and inf ... | 2017 | 28462761 |
| second generation cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis and clostridium difficile infection in hip and knee arthroplasty. | introduction the use of broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics has been discouraged by the department of health in england because of the link to increased clostridium difficile infection rates. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether a local protocol that included the use of second generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime) antibiotics as a prophylactic agent was associated with increased risk of c difficile in elective hip and knee arthroplasty patients. methods a retrospective intention-to ... | 2017 | 28462657 |
| expanding the armamentarium for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28461208 | |
| efficacy and safety of ridinilazole compared with vancomycin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority study. | clostridium difficile infection is the most common health-care-associated infection in the usa. we assessed the safety and efficacy of ridinilazole versus vancomycin for treatment of c difficile infection. | 2017 | 28461207 |
| probiotics for prevention of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients: is the jury still out? | 2017 | 28461190 | |
| withholding pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis. | a decreased frequency of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a possible association of proton pump inhibitor use with clostridium difficile and ventilator-associated pneumonia have raised concerns recently. the reevaluating the inhibition of stress erosions pilot trial determined the feasibility of undertaking a larger trial investigating the efficacy and safety of withholding proton pump inhibitors in critically ill patients. | 2017 | 28459708 |
| effect of liberal blood transfusion on clinical outcomes and cost in spine surgery patients. | blood transfusions in spine surgery are shown to be associated with increased patient morbidity. the association between transfusion performed using a liberal hemoglobin (hb) trigger-defined as an intraoperative hb level of ≥10 g/dl, a postoperative level of ≥8 g/dl, or a whole hospital nadir between 8 and 10 g/dl-and perioperative morbidity and cost in spine surgery patients is unknown and thus was investigated in this study. | 2017 | 28458067 |
| clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) have emerged as one of the principal threats to the health of hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. the importance of c difficile colonization is increasingly recognized not only as a source for false-positive clinical testing but also as a source of new infections within hospitals and other health care environments. in the last five years, several new treatment strategies that capitalize on the increasing understanding of the altered microbiome and ... | 2017 | 28457354 |
| comparison of the rates of clostridium difficile and bacteremia after delaying fluoroquinolone prophylaxis from day 0 to day +3 post autologous stem cell transplantation. | prophylactic fluoroquinolones are routinely administered after stem cell transplantation (sct) to prevent bacterial infection; however, fluoroquinolones may increase the risk of clostridium difficile infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. this study is designed to evaluate the effect of a delay by 3 days in fluoroquinolone prophylaxis after autologous sct (asct) on the rates of c. difficile infection and bacteremia. a single-center retrospective cohort study was performed in 118 ... | 2017 | 28456140 |
| collateral damage during antibiotic treatment of c. difficile infection in the aged host: insights into why recurrent disease happens. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections but an even bigger problem for the aging population. advanced age leads to higher incidence, higher mortality, and higher recurrences. in our study, recently published in the journal of infectious diseases, we investigated the effect of aging on cdi using a mouse model. we were able to demonstrate that aging leads to worse clinical outcomes, as well as lead to changes in microbiota composit ... | 2017 | 28453386 |
| leapfrog hospital safety score, magnet designation, and healthcare-associated infections in united states hospitals. | healthcare-associated infections (hais) pose a challenge to patient safety. although studies have explored individual level, few have focused on organizational factors such as a hospital's safety infrastructure (indicated by leapfrog hospital safety score) or workplace quality (magnet recognition). the aim of the study was to determine whether magnet and hospitals with better leapfrog hospital safety scores have fewer hais. | 2017 | 28452915 |
| efficacy and factors associated with treatment response of intravenous immunoglobulin in inpatients with refractory inflammatory bowel diseases. | the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) has demonstrated promise in the treatment of medically refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). we aimed to identify factors associated with ivig failures in the treatment of refractory ibd. | 2017 | 28452863 |
| outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has recently been shown to be a promising therapy for recurrent and refractory clostridium difficile infections (cdi) despite lack of protocol standardization. patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) present a particular challenge to cdi therapy as they are reported to have worse clinical outcomes, including higher colectomy rates and increased mortality. we aimed to assess the outcomes of fmt for recurrent cdi in patients with ibd at our healthcare ... | 2017 | 28451916 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory and recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a case series of nine patients. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a highly effective therapy for refractory and recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). despite its excellent efficacy and recent widespread use, fmt has not been widely used in south korea thus far. we describe our experience with fmt to treat refractory/recurrent cdi. | 2017 | 28449424 |
| clostridium difficile in england: can we stop washing our hands? | 2017 | 28447950 | |
| clostridium difficile in england: can we stop washing our hands? - authors' reply. | 2017 | 28447949 | |
| clostridium difficile: a bad bug goes into defensive mode. | 2017 | 28447375 |