Publications

chronic bronchitis in foundry workers in vojvodina: ventilatory capacity in foundry workers.		2015	4422404
professionalism in medicine.		2015	4741338
[cold thoracic abscess due to histoplasma duboisii. treatment using rifampicin].		2015	4360126
parkinsonism.		2015	4399879
letter: fenfluramine and psychosis.		2015	4414230
pyloric channel ulcer with betazole-fast achlorhydria.		2015	4430437
formation of assimilatory nitrate reductase by in vitro inter-cistronic complementation in neurospora crassa.	in vitro complementation of the soluble assimilatory nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (nadph)-nitrate reductase was attained by mixing cell-free preparations of certain neurospora nitrate reductase mutants: induced nit-1 (uniquely possessing inducible nadph-cytochrome c reductase) with (a) uninduced or induced nit-2 or nit-3, or (b) uninduced wild type. the complementing activity of induced nit-1 is soluble while that of nit-2, nit-3, and wild type is particulate but not ...	2015	4391854
a modified baermann apparatus for the recovery of infective nematode larvae from herbage and manure.		2015	4411676
the acute effects of intravenous infusion of l-tryptophan in normal subjects.		2015	4416086
biological and immunological activity of exogenous hgh.		2015	4542152
management of spontaneous broncho-pleural fistula in children.		2015	4420535
[uterine metastasis from a colloid epithelioma of the appendix].		2015	4350561
[treatment of hypertrophic warts with gordeev-2 paste and solution].		2015	4386068
carcinoma of the gallbladder.		2015	4325325
[studies of work hygiene conditions on ore carriers (author's transl)].		2015	4445745
the effects of epinephrine and prostaglandin e-1 on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels in wi-38 fibroblasts.		2015	4364414
[theca-lutein cysts of the ovaries in normal pregnancy].		2015	4297229
[the cyclic adenylcyclase amp system as a modulator of thyroid homeostasis. physiopathological and clinical implications].		2015	4363426
deferring attention to institutions for the mentally retarded while emphasizing development of community resources.		2015	4322731
a case of renal dysplasia and relation to "bilateral nephroblastomatosis".		2015	4297414
keys.		2015	4481173
[acknowledgement of skeletal sequelae folowing leg amputation].		2015	4277090
burns in my lifetime.		2015	4898657
inactivation of peroxiredoxin 6 by the pla protease of yersinia pestis.	pneumonic plague represents the most severe form of disease caused by yersinia pestis due to its ease of transmission, rapid progression, and high mortality rate. the y. pestis outer membrane pla protease is essential for the development of pneumonic plague; however, the complete repertoire of substrates cleaved by pla in the lungs is not known. in this study, we describe a proteomic screen to identify host proteins contained within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice that are cleaved and/o ...	2015	26553463
susceptibility of select agents to predation by predatory bacteria.	select agents are microorganisms and toxins considered to be exploitable as biological weapons. although infections by many select agents can be treated by conventional antibiotics, the risk of an emerging or engineered drug resistant strain is of great concern. one group of microorganisms that is showing potential to control drug resistant gram-negative bacteria are the predatory bacteria from the genera bdellovibrio spp. and micavibrio spp. in this study, we have examined the ability of bdello ...	2015	27682124
investigation of yersinia pestis laboratory adaptation through a combined genomics and proteomics approach.	the bacterial pathogen yersinia pestis, the cause of plague in humans and animals, normally has a sylvatic lifestyle, cycling between fleas and mammals. in contrast, laboratory-grown y. pestis experiences a more constant environment and conditions that it would not normally encounter. the transition from the natural environment to the laboratory results in a vastly different set of selective pressures, and represents what could be considered domestication. understanding the kinds of adaptations ...	2015	26599979
development of a bead-based luminex assay using lipopolysaccharide specific monoclonal antibodies to detect biological threats from brucella species.	brucella, a gram-negative bacterium, is classified as a potential bioterrorism agent mainly due to the low dose needed to cause infection and the ability to transmit the bacteria via aerosols. goats/sheep, cattle, pigs, dogs, sheep and rodents are infected by b. melitensis, b. abortus, b. suis, b. canis, b. ovis and b. neotomae, respectively, the six classical brucella species. most human cases are caused by b. melitensis and b. abortus. our aim was to specifically detect brucellae with 'smooth' ...	2015	26438077
prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in lahore district of pakistan.	a multidisciplinary, collaborative project was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of soil-borne zoonotic pathogens in lahore district of pakistan and ascertain its public health significance. using a grid-based sampling strategy, soil samples (n = 145) were collected from villages (n = 29, 5 samples/village) and examined for bacillus anthracis, burkholderia mallei/pseudomallei, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis using real time pcr assays. chemical ...	2015	26441860
identification of highly pathogenic microorganisms by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: results of an interlaboratory ring trial.	in the case of a release of highly pathogenic bacteria (hpb), there is an urgent need for rapid, accurate, and reliable diagnostics. maldi-tof mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate, and relatively inexpensive technique that is becoming increasingly important in microbiological diagnostics to complement classical microbiology, pcr, and genotyping of hpb. in the present study, the results of a joint exercise with 11 partner institutions from nine european countries are presented. in this exercise ...	2015	26063856
preliminary survey of ectoparasites and associated pathogens from norway rats in new york city.	the norway rat (rattus norvegicus) is a reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens and lives in close proximity to humans in urban environments. human infection with rodent-borne disease occurs either directly through contact with a rat or its excreta, or indirectly via arthropod vectors such as fleas and ticks. here, we report on the diversity and abundance of ectoparasitic arthropod species and associated pathogenic bacteria from 133 norway rats trapped over a 10-mo period in manhattan, new york, ny ...	2015	26336309
gene loss dominates as a source of genetic variation within clonal pathogenic bacterial species.	some of the most dangerous pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and yersinia pestis evolve clonally. this means that little or no recombination occurs between strains belonging to these species. paradoxically, although different members of these species show extreme sequence similarity of orthologous genes, some show considerable intraspecies phenotypic variation, the source of which remains elusive. to examine the possible sources of phenotypic variation within clonal pathogenic bacteri ...	2015	26163675
evaluation of the role of the opggh operon in yersinia pseudotuberculosis and its deletion during the emergence of yersinia pestis.	the opggh operon encodes glucosyltransferases that synthesize osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) from udp-glucose, using acyl carrier protein (acp) as a cofactor. opgs are required for motility, biofilm formation, and virulence in various bacteria. opgh also sequesters ftsz in order to regulate cell size according to nutrient availability. yersinia pestis (the agent of flea-borne plague) lost the opggh operon during its emergence from the enteropathogen yersinia pseudotuberculosis. when ex ...	2015	26150539
impact of the pla protease substrate α2-antiplasmin on the progression of primary pneumonic plague.	many pathogens usurp the host hemostatic system during infection to promote pathogenesis. yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, expresses the plasminogen activator protease pla, which has been shown in vitro to target and cleave multiple proteins within the fibrinolytic pathway, including the plasmin inhibitor α2-antiplasmin (a2ap). it is not known, however, if pla inactivates a2ap in vivo; the role of a2ap during respiratory y. pestis infection is not known either. here, we show that ...	2015	26438794
effects of land use on plague (yersinia pestis) activity in rodents in tanzania.	understanding the effects of land-use change on zoonotic disease risk is a pressing global health concern. here, we compare prevalence of yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, in rodents across two land-use types-agricultural and conserved-in northern tanzania. estimated abundance of seropositive rodents nearly doubled in agricultural sites compared with conserved sites. this relationship between land-use type and abundance of seropositive rodents is likely mediated by changes in roden ...	2015	25711606
the outer membrane protease pgte of salmonella enterica interferes with the alternative complement pathway by cleaving factors b and h.	the virulence factor pgte is an outer membrane protease (omptin) of the zoonotic pathogen salmonella enterica that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe enteric fever. it is surface exposed in bacteria that have a short-chain, i.e., rough lps, as observed e.g., in bacteria residing inside macrophages or just emerging from them. we investigated whether pgte cleaves the complement factors b (b) and h (h), key proteins controlling formation and inactivation of the complement protei ...	2015	25705210
flea-associated bacterial communities across an environmental transect in a plague-endemic region of uganda.	the vast majority of human plague cases currently occur in sub-saharan africa. the primary route of transmission of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is via flea bites. non-pathogenic flea-associated bacteria may interact with y. pestis within fleas and it is important to understand what factors govern flea-associated bacterial assemblages. six species of fleas were collected from nine rodent species from ten ugandan villages between october 2010 and march 2011. a total of 660,345 ...	2015	26485147
early divergent strains of yersinia pestis in eurasia 5,000 years ago.	the bacteria yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. how and when it originated remains contentious. here, we report the oldest direct evidence of yersinia pestis identified by ancient dna in human teeth from asia and europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. by sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known yersinia pestis. we find the origins of the yersinia pestis ...	2015	26496604
the pla gene, encoding plasminogen activator, is not specific to yersinia pestis.	here we present evidence to show that the pla gene, previously thought to be specific to yersinia pestis, occurs in some strains of citrobacter koseri and escherichia coli. this means that detection of this gene on its own can no longer be taken as evidence of detection of y. pestis.	2015	26438258
yersinia pestis uses the ail outer membrane protein to recruit vitronectin.	yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, requires the ail (attachment invasion locus) outer membrane protein to survive in the blood and tissues of its mammalian hosts. ail is important for both attachment to host cells and for resistance to complement-dependent bacteriolysis. previous studies have shown that ail interacts with components of the extracellular matrix, including fibronectin, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and with the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein. here, we dem ...	2015	26377177
host langerin (cd207) is a receptor for yersinia pestis phagocytosis and promotes dissemination.	yersinia pestis is a gram-negative bacterium that causes plague. after y. pestis overcomes the skin barrier, it encounters antigen-presenting cells (apcs), such as langerhans and dendritic cells. they transport the bacteria from the skin to the lymph nodes. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial transmission are unclear. langerhans cells (lcs) express langerin (cd207), a calcium-dependent (c-type) lectin. furthermore, y. pestis possesses exposed core oligosaccharides. in this st ...	2015	25829141
development of a taqman array card for acute-febrile-illness outbreak investigation and surveillance of emerging pathogens, including ebola virus.	acute febrile illness (afi) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet an etiologic agent is often not identified. convalescent-phase serology is impractical, blood culture is slow, and many pathogens are fastidious or impossible to cultivate. we developed a real-time pcr-based taqman array card (tac) that can test six to eight samples within 2.5 h from sample to results and can simultaneously detect 26 afi-associated organisms, including 15 viruses (chikungunya, crime ...	2015	26491176
structural characterisation of fabg from yersinia pestis, a key component of bacterial fatty acid synthesis.	ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductases (fabg) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes that catalyse the reduction of acyl carrier protein (acp) linked thioesters within the bacterial type ii fatty acid synthesis (fasii) pathway. the products of these enzymes, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, are essential components of the bacterial cell envelope. the fasii reductase enoyl-acp reductase (fabi) has been the focus of numerous drug discovery efforts, some of which have led to clinical trials, ye ...	2015	26539719
structural characterisation of the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases, fabf and fabh, of yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic, pneumonic, and septicaemic plague, remains a major public health threat, with outbreaks of disease occurring in china, madagascar, and peru in the last five years. the existence of multidrug resistant y. pestis and the potential of this bacterium as a bioterrorism agent illustrates the need for new antimicrobials. the β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases, fabb, fabf, and fabh, catalyse the elongation of fatty acids as part of the type ii fatt ...	2015	26469877
role of tellurite resistance operon in filamentous growth of yersinia pestis in macrophages.	yersinia pestis initiates infection by parasitism of host macrophages. in response to macrophage infections, intracellular y. pestis can assume a filamentous cellular morphology which may mediate resistance to host cell innate immune responses. we previously observed the expression of y. pestis tellurite resistance proteins terd and tere from the terzabcde operon during macrophage infections. others have observed a filamentous response associated with expression of tellurite resistance operon in ...	2015	26536670
concordance and discordance of sequence survey methods for molecular epidemiology.	the post-genomic era is characterized by the direct acquisition and analysis of genomic data with many applications, including the enhancement of the understanding of microbial epidemiology and pathology. however, there are a number of molecular approaches to survey pathogen diversity, and the impact of these different approaches on parameter estimation and inference are not entirely clear. we sequenced whole genomes of bacterial pathogens, burkholderia pseudomallei, yersinia pestis, and brucell ...	2015	25737810
the role of transition metal transporters for iron, zinc, manganese, and copper in the pathogenesis of yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic, septicemic and pneumonic plague, encodes a multitude of fe transport systems. some of these are defective due to frameshift or is element insertions, while others are functional in vitro but have no established role in causing infections. indeed only 3 fe transporters (ybt, yfe and feo) have been shown to be important in at least one form of plague. the yersiniabactin (ybt) system is essential in the early dermal/lymphatic stages of bubonic plague ...	2015	25891079
high-throughput, signature-tagged mutagenic approach to identify novel virulence factors of yersinia pestis co92 in a mouse model of infection.	the identification of new virulence factors in yersinia pestis and understanding their molecular mechanisms during an infection process are necessary in designing a better vaccine or to formulate an appropriate therapeutic intervention. by using a high-throughput, signature-tagged mutagenic approach, we created 5,088 mutants of y. pestis strain co92 and screened them in a mouse model of pneumonic plague at a dose equivalent to 5 50% lethal doses (ld50) of wild-type (wt) co92. from this screen, w ...	2015	25754198
yersinia pestis requires host rab1b for survival in macrophages.	yersinia pestis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease known as plague. during infection of macrophages y. pestis actively evades the normal phagosomal maturation pathway to establish a replicative niche within the cell. however, the mechanisms used by y. pestis to subvert killing by the macrophage are unknown. host rab gtpases are central mediators of vesicular trafficking and are commonly targeted by bacterial pathogens to alter phagosome maturation and killing by macr ...	2015	26495854
circumventing y. pestis virulence by early recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs during pneumonic plague.	pneumonic plague is a fatal disease caused by yersinia pestis that is associated with a delayed immune response in the lungs. because neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to sites of infection, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for their delayed homing to the lung. during the first 24 hr after pulmonary infection with a fully virulent y. pestis strain, no significant changes were observed in the lungs in the levels of neutrophils infiltrate, expression of adhesion molecules, ...	2015	25974210
application of pyrosequencing® in food biodefense.	the perpetration of a bioterrorism attack poses a significant risk for public health with potential socioeconomic consequences. it is imperative that we possess reliable assays for the rapid and accurate identification of biothreat agents to make rapid risk-informed decisions on emergency response. the development of advanced methodologies for the detection of biothreat agents has been evolving rapidly since the release of the anthrax spores in the mail in 2001, and recent advances in detection ...	2015	26103911
curing both virulent mega-plasmids from bacillus anthracis wild-type strain a16 simultaneously using plasmid incompatibility.	plasmid-cured derivative strains of bacillus anthracis are frequently used in laboratory studies. plasmid incompatibility, which does not increase the risk of chromosomal mutation, is a useful method for plasmid curing. however, in bacteria containing multiple plasmids, it often requires the sequential introduction of multiple, specific incompatibility plasmids. this lengthy process renders the traditional plasmid incompatibility method inefficient and mutation-prone. in this study, we successfu ...	2015	26059513
monitoring biothreat agents (francisella tularensis, bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis) with a portable real-time pcr instrument.	in the event of suspected releases or natural outbreaks of contagious pathogens, rapid identification of the infectious agent is essential for appropriate medical intervention and disease containment. the purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a novel portable real-time pcr thermocycler, pikoreal™, to the standard real-time pcr thermocycler, applied biosystems® 7300 (abi 7300), for the detection of three high-risk biothreat bacterial pathogens: francisella tularensis, bacillus a ...	2015	26043838
[development and comparative evaluation of up-converting phosphor technology based lateral flow assay for rapid detection of yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis spore and brucella spp].	to develop an up-converting phosphor technology based lateral flow (upt-lf) assay for rapid and quantitative detection of yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis spore and brucella spp.and make the comparison with biothreat alert (bta) test strips (tetracore inc., usa).	2015	25876487
identification of bacillus anthracis pure inhibitors with antimicrobial activity.	n(5)-carboxy-amino-imidazole ribonucleotide (n(5)-cair) mutase (pure), a bacterial enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway, has been suggested to be a target for antimicrobial agent development. we have optimized a thermal shift method for high-throughput screening of compounds binding to bacillus anthracis pure. we used a low ionic strength buffer condition to accentuate the thermal shift stabilization induced by compound binding to bacillus anthracis pure. the compounds identified we ...	2015	25737087
comparison of eleven commercially available rapid tests for detection of bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis and yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis and francisella tularensis cause serious zoonotic diseases and have the potential to cause high morbidity and mortality in humans. in case of natural outbreaks and deliberate or accidental release of these pathogens rapid detection of the bacteria is crucial for limitation of negative effects of the release. in the present study, we evaluated 11 commercially available rapid test kits for the detection of y. pestis, b. anthracis and f. tularensis in terms of se ...	2015	25598285
demographic characteristics and infectious diseases of a population of american black bears in humboldt county, california.	american black bears (ursus americanus) are common, widely distributed, and broad-ranging omnivorous mammals in northern california forests. bears may be susceptible to pathogens infecting both domestic animals and humans. monitoring bear populations, particularly in changing ecosystems, is important to understanding ecological features that could affect bear population health and influence the likelihood that bears may cause adverse impacts on humans. in all, 321 bears were captured between may ...	2015	25700042
a lysr-type transcriptional regulator, rovm, senses nutritional cues suggesting that it is involved in metabolic adaptation of yersinia pestis to the flea gut.	yersinia pestis has evolved as a clonal variant of yersinia pseudotuberculosis to cause flea-borne biofilm-mediated transmission of the bubonic plague. the lysr-type transcriptional regulator, rovm, is highly induced only during y. pestis infection of the flea host. rovm homologs in other pathogens regulate biofilm formation, nutrient sensing, and virulence; including in y. pseudotuberculosis, where rovm represses the major virulence factor, rova. here the role that rovm plays during flea infect ...	2015	26348850
intrinsic plasmids influence micf-mediated translational repression of ompf in yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, which is the causative agent of plague, has acquired exceptional pathogenicity potential during its evolution from y. pseudotuberculosis. two laterally acquired plasmids, namely, pmt1 and ppcp1, are specific to y. pestis and are critical for pathogenesis and flea transmission. small regulatory rnas (srnas) commonly function as regulators of gene expression in bacteria. micf, is a paradigmatic srna that acts as a post-transcriptional repressor through imperfect base pairing with ...	2015	26347736
crp-mediated carbon catabolite regulation of yersinia pestis biofilm formation is enhanced by the carbon storage regulator protein, csra.	the natural transmission of yersinia pestis is reliant upon biofilm blockage of the flea vector. however, the environmentally-responsive adaptive regulators which facilitate y. pestis biofilm production in accordance with the flea midgut milieu are not well understood. we seek to establish the impact of available carbon source metabolism and storage upon y. pestis biofilm production. our findings demonstrate that y. pestis biofilm production is subject to carbon catabolite regulation in which th ...	2015	26305456
total biosynthesis and diverse applications of the nonribosomal peptide-polyketide siderophore yersiniabactin.	yersiniabactin (ybt) is a mixed nonribosomal peptide-polyketide natural product natively produced by the pathogen yersinia pestis. the compound enables iron scavenging capabilities upon host infection and is biosynthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase featuring a polyketide synthase module. this pathway has been engineered for expression and biosynthesis using escherichia coli as a heterologous host. in the current work, the biosynthetic process for ybt formation was improved through the ...	2015	26025901
structural and functional characterization of tesb from yersinia pestis reveals a unique octameric arrangement of hotdog domains.	acyl-coa thioesterases catalyse the hydrolysis of the thioester bonds present within a wide range of acyl-coa substrates, releasing free coash and the corresponding fatty-acyl conjugate. the tesb-type thioesterases are members of the te4 thioesterase family, one of 25 thioesterase enzyme families characterized to date, and contain two fused hotdog domains in both prokaryote and eukaryote homologues. only two structures have been elucidated within this enzyme family, and much of the current under ...	2015	25849407
inhibition of zn(ii) binding type ia topoisomerases by organomercury compounds and hg(ii).	type ia topoisomerase activities are essential for resolving dna topological barriers via an enzyme-mediated transient single strand dna break. accumulation of topoisomerase dna cleavage product can lead to cell death or genomic rearrangement. many antibacterial and anticancer drugs act as topoisomerase poison inhibitors that form stabilized ternary complexes with the topoisomerase covalent intermediate, so it is desirable to identify such inhibitors for type ia topoisomerases. here we report th ...	2015	25798600
tyrr, the regulator of aromatic amino acid metabolism, is required for mice infection of yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, poses a serious health threat to rodents and human beings. tyrr is a transcriptional regulator (tyrr) that controls the metabolism of aromatic amino acids in escherichia coli. in this paper, tyrr played an important role in y. pestis virulence. inactivation of tyrr did not seem to affect the in vitro growth of this organism, but resulted in at least 10,000-fold attenuation compared with the wild-type (wt) strain upon subcutaneous infection to mice. ...	2015	25729381
adhesive properties of yapv and paralogous autotransporter proteins of yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. this bacterium evolved from an ancestral enteroinvasive yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain by gene loss and acquisition of new genes, allowing it to use fleas as transmission vectors. infection frequently leads to a rapidly lethal outcome in humans, a variety of rodents, and cats. this study focuses on the y. pestis kim yapv gene and its product, recognized as an autotransporter protein by its typical sequence, outer membrane localization, and am ...	2015	25690102
import and export of bacterial protein toxins.	the paper provides a short overview of three investigated bacterial protein toxins, colicin m (cma) of escherichia coli, pesticin (pst) of yersinia pestis and hemolysin (shlab) of serratia marcescens. cma and pst are exceptional among colicins in that they kill bacteria by degrading the murein (peptidoglycan). both are released into the medium and bind to specific receptor proteins in the outer membrane of sensitive e. coli cells. subsequently they are translocated into the periplasm by an energ ...	2015	25620353
effects of bacterial inactivation methods on downstream proteomic analysis.	inactivation of pathogenic microbial samples is often necessary for the protection of researchers and to comply with local and federal regulations. by its nature, biological inactivation causes changes to microbial samples, potentially affecting observed experimental results. while inactivation-induced damage to materials such as dna has been evaluated, the effect of various inactivation strategies on proteomic data, to our knowledge, has not been discussed. to this end, we inactivated samples o ...	2015	25620019
mining host-pathogen protein interactions to characterize burkholderia mallei infectivity mechanisms.	burkholderia pathogenicity relies on protein virulence factors to control and promote bacterial internalization, survival, and replication within eukaryotic host cells. we recently used yeast two-hybrid (y2h) screening to identify a small set of novel burkholderia proteins that were shown to attenuate disease progression in an aerosol infection animal model using the virulent burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 strain. here, we performed an extended analysis of primarily nine b. mallei virulence fact ...	2015	25738731
carrot cells: a pioneering platform for biopharmaceuticals production.	carrot (daucus carota l.) is of importance in the molecular farming field as it constitutes the first plant species approved to produce biopharmaceuticals for human use. in this review, features that make carrot an advantageous species in the molecular farming field are analyzed and a description of the developments achieved with this crop thus far is presented. a guide for genetic transformation procedures is also included. the state of the art comprises ten vaccine prototypes against measles v ...	2015	25572939
a new clade of african body and head lice infected by bartonella quintana and yersinia pestis-democratic republic of the congo.	the human body louse is known as a vector for the transmission of three serious diseases-specifically, epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever caused by rickettsia prowazekii, bartonella quintana, and borrelia recurrentis, respectively-that have killed millions of people. it is also suspected in the transmission of a fourth pathogen, yersinia pestis, which is the etiologic agent of plague. to date, human lice belonging to the genus pediculus have been classified into three mitochondri ...	2015	26392158
[optimization of labeling and localizing bacterial membrane and nucleus with fm4-64 and hoechst dyes].	to observe cell membrane and nucleus in bacteria for subcellular localization.	2015	26665605
inhibition of outer membrane proteases of the omptin family by aprotinin.	bacterial proteases are important virulence factors that inactivate host defense proteins and contribute to tissue destruction and bacterial dissemination. outer membrane proteases of the omptin family, exemplified by escherichia coli ompt, are found in some gram-negative bacteria. omptins cleave a variety of substrates at the host-pathogen interface, including plasminogen and antimicrobial peptides. multiple omptin substrates relevant to infection have been identified; nonetheless, an effective ...	2015	25824836
development and validation of an arthropod maceration protocol for zoonotic pathogen detection in mosquitoes and fleas.	arthropod-borne diseases remain a pressing international public health concern. while progress has been made in the rapid detection of arthropod-borne pathogens via quantitative real-time (qpcr), or even hand-held detection devices, a simple and robust maceration and nucleic acid extraction method is necessary to implement biosurveillance capabilities. in this study, a comparison of maceration techniques using five types of beads followed by nucleic acid extraction and detection were tested usin ...	2015	26047188
[maldi-tof ms analysis for yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis identification].	numerous studies showed that a new technology for the clinical microbiology laboratories, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization--time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms), allows fast, accurate, and effective identification of most clinically relevant microorganisms to be implemented. in the present review, we discuss applications of this approach for identification and typing of extremely dangerous pathogens--yersinia pestis, vibrio cholera, and francisella tularensis, including the ...	2015	26182660
[effect of serotonin on immune competent cells of biomodels under the conditions of vaccination against plague and tularemia].	comparative evaluation of the effect of exogenic serotonin on the development of apoptosis and proliferative activity of immune system cells of biomodels in vivo and in vitro in the dynamic of immunity forming against plague and tularemia.	2015	25842950
helicobacter himalayensis sp. nov. isolated from gastric mucosa of marmota himalayana.	a gram-stain-negative, microaerophilic strain, 80(ys1)t, with a spiral-shaped morphology and 1-2 sheathed flagella at each end of the cells was isolated from the gastric mucosa of marmota himalayana, the animal reservoir of yersinia pestis in china, on the qinghai-tibet plateau. the strain grew at 30, 35 and 42 °c, but not at 25 °c. growth was in the form of a thinly spreading film on brain heart infusion agar containing 8 % sheep blood under microaerobic conditions. the strain did not hydrolyse ...	2015	25736414
in vivo transcriptional profiling of yersinia pestis reveals a novel bacterial mediator of pulmonary inflammation.	inhalation of yersinia pestis results in primary pneumonic plague, a highly lethal and rapidly progressing necrotizing pneumonia. the disease begins with a period of extensive bacterial replication in the absence of disease symptoms, followed by the sudden onset of inflammatory responses that ultimately prove fatal. very little is known about the bacterial and host factors that contribute to the rapid biphasic progression of pneumonic plague. in this work, we analyzed the in vivo transcription k ...	2015	25691593
nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of the type iii secretion system tip chaperone protein pcrg of pseudomonas aeruginosa.	lung infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of death among cystic fibrosis patients. to initiate infection, p. aeruginosa assembles a protein nanomachine, the type iii secretion system (t3ss), to inject bacterial proteins directly into target host cells. an important regulator of the p. aeruginosa t3ss is the chaperone protein pcrg, which forms a complex with the tip protein, pcrv. in addition to its role as a chaperone to the tip protein, pcrg also regulates protein secretio ...	2015	26451841
mesaconase activity of class i fumarase contributes to mesaconate utilization by burkholderia xenovorans.	pseudomonas aeruginosa, yersinia pestis, and many other bacteria are able to utilize the c5-dicarboxylic acid itaconate (methylenesuccinate). itaconate degradation starts with its activation to itaconyl coenzyme a (itaconyl-coa), which is further hydrated to (s)-citramalyl-coa, and citramalyl-coa is finally cleaved into acetyl-coa and pyruvate. the xenobiotic-degrading betaproteobacterium burkholderia xenovorans possesses a p. aeruginosa-like itaconate degradation gene cluster and is able to gro ...	2015	26070669
the n terminus of type iii secretion needle protein yscf from yersinia pestis functions to modulate innate immune responses.	the type iii secretion system is employed by many pathogens, including the genera yersinia, shigella, pseudomonas, and salmonella, to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. the injectisome needle is formed by the polymerization of a single protein, e.g., yscf (yersinia pestis), pscf (pseudomonas aeruginosa), prgi (salmonella enterica spi-1), ssag (salmonella enterica spi-2), or mxih (shigella flexneri). in this study, we demonstrated that the n termini of some needle proteins, particul ...	2015	25644012
[application of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing of causative agents of especially dangerous infections].	the macro-restriction analysis of the microorganism dna with the use of gel electrophoresis in pulsed field (pfge typing, pulse electrophoresis) is applied in molecular biology to study the clonal structure and typing of causative agents of infectious diseases. determining the degree of the relationship and definition of epidemiological interrelations of studied isolates, as well as studying the evolutionary history of pathogens, is performed by comparing dna restriction patterns. this review pr ...	2015	26665739
fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica.	pla of the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and pgte of the enteropathogen salmonella enterica are surface-exposed, transmembrane β-barrel proteases of the omptin family that exhibit a complex array of interactions with the hemostatic systems in vitro, and both proteases are established virulence factors. pla favors fibrinolysis by direct activation of plasminogen, inactivation of the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and α2-antiplasmin, inactivation of the thrombin-activable fibrinolysi ...	2015	26149012
a bivalent typhoid live vector vaccine expressing both chromosome- and plasmid-encoded yersinia pestis antigens fully protects against murine lethal pulmonary plague infection.	live attenuated bacteria hold great promise as multivalent mucosal vaccines against a variety of pathogens. a major challenge of this approach has been the successful delivery of sufficient amounts of vaccine antigens to adequately prime the immune system without overattenuating the live vaccine. here we used a live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain to create a bivalent mucosal plague vaccine that produces both the protective f1 capsular antigen of yersinia pestis and the lcrv ...	2015	25332120
outbreak of human pneumonic plague with dog-to-human and possible human-to-human transmission--colorado, june-july 2014.	on july 8, 2014, the colorado department of public health and environment (cdphe) laboratory identified yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, in a blood specimen collected from a man (patient a) hospitalized with pneumonia. the organism had been previously misidentified as pseudomonas luteola by an automated system in the hospital laboratory. an investigation led by tri-county health department (tchd) revealed that patient a's dog had died recently with hemoptysis. three other perso ...	2015	25928467
comparative proteomic studies of yersinia pestis strains isolated from natural foci in the republic of georgia.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for millions of human deaths throughout history. in the last decade, two natural plague foci have been described in the republic of georgia from which dozens of y. pestis strains have been isolated. analyses indicate that there are genetic differences between these strains, but it is not known if these differences are also reflected in protein expression. we chose four strains of y. pestis (1390, 1853, 294 ...	2015	26528469
kinetic epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies raised against the yersinia pestis virulence factor lcrv.	five monoclonal antibodies, mab7.3, mab29.3, mab46.3, mab12.3 and mab36.3, raised to the lcrv virulence factor from yersinia pestis were characterised for their fab affinity against the purified protein and their fc affinity to protein a/g as a proxy for the fcγr receptor. kinetic measurements were performed label-free in a localised particle plasmon array reader. the fc-proteina/g complex first-order half-life was determined for each antibody and fell in the range of 0.8-3.8h. the fab first-ord ...	2015	25461137
primary case of human pneumonic plague occurring in a himalayan marmot natural focus area gansu province, china.	a case of primary pneumonic plague (ppp) caused by yersinia pestis is reported. this case occurred in the largest plague area in china. the patient died after contact with a dog that had captured an infected marmot. three of 151 contacts were shown to be positive for antibody against f1 antigen by indirect hemagglutination assay, but none had clinical symptoms. there was no secondary case.	2015	25555623
using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy and electrochemically driven melting to discriminate yersinia pestis from y. pseudotuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms within unpurified polymerase chain reaction amplicons.	the development of sensors for the detection of pathogen-specific dna, including relevant species/strain level discrimination, is critical in molecular diagnostics with major impacts in areas such as bioterrorism and food safety. herein, we use electrochemically driven denaturation assays monitored by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) to target single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) that distinguish dna amplicons generated from yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, from the cl ...	2015	25551670
the trophic responses of two different rodent-vector-plague systems to climate change.	plague, the causative agent of three devastating pandemics in history, is currently a re-emerging disease, probably due to climate change and other anthropogenic changes. without understanding the response of plague systems to anthropogenic or climate changes in their trophic web, it is unfeasible to effectively predict years with high risks of plague outbreak, hampering our ability for effective prevention and control of the disease. here, by using surveillance data, we apply structural equatio ...	2015	25540277
lps modification promotes maintenance of yersinia pestis in fleas.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, can be transmitted by fleas by two different mechanisms: by early-phase transmission (ept), which occurs shortly after flea infection, or by blocked fleas following long-term infection. efficient flea-borne transmission is predicated upon the ability of y. pestis to be maintained within the flea. signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) was used to identify genes required for y. pestis maintenance in a genuine plague vector, xenopsylla cheopis. the stm s ...	2015	25533446
pneumonic plague outbreak, northern madagascar, 2011.	yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic to madagascar, particularly to the central highlands. although plague has not been previously reported in northern madagascar, an outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred in this remote area in 2011. over a 27-day period, 17 suspected, 2 presumptive, and 3 confirmed human cases were identified, and all 15 untreated 20 patients died. molecular typing of y. pestis isolated from 2 survivors and 5 rattus rattus rat samples identified the madaga ...	2015	25530466
influence of the lipid membrane environment on structure and activity of the outer membrane protein ail from yersinia pestis.	the surrounding environment has significant consequences for the structural and functional properties of membrane proteins. while native structure and function can be reconstituted in lipid bilayer membranes, the detergents used for protein solubilization are not always compatible with biological activity and, hence, not always appropriate for direct detection of ligand binding by nmr spectroscopy. here we describe how the sample environment affects the activity of the outer membrane protein ail ...	2015	25433311
purification and biochemical characterisation of glmu from yersinia pestis.	antibiotic resistance has emerged as a real threat to mankind, rendering many compounds ineffective in the fight against bacterial infection, including for significant diseases such as plague caused by yersinia pestis. essential genes have been identified as promising targets for inhibiting with new classes of compounds. previously, the gene encoding the bifunctional udp-n-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase/glucosamine-1-phosphate n-acetyltransferase enzyme glmu was confirmed as an essential ge ...	2015	25417006
crp acts as a transcriptional repressor of the ypo1635-phopq-ypo1632 operon in yersinia pestis.	yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. both cyclic amp receptor protein (crp) and phop are involved in regulating virulence-related genes in y. pestis. the phopq loci are transcribed as two distinct operons, ypo1635-phopq-ypo1632 and phopq-ypo1632. in the present work, the regulation of the first operon by crp was investigated using primer extension, lacz fusion, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dnase i footprinting assays. the results showed that crp bound to a dna region ov ...	2015	25413606
protein markers for identification of yersinia pestis and their variation related to culture.	the detection of high consequence pathogens, such as yersinia pestis, is well established in biodefense laboratories for bioterror situations. laboratory protocols are well established using specified culture media and a growth temperature of 37 °c for expression of specific antigens. direct detection of y. pestis protein markers, without prior culture, depends on their expression. unfortunately protein expression can be impacted by the culture medium which cannot be predicted ahead of time. fur ...	2015	24333237
[on the origin of yersinia pestis, a causative agent of the plague: a concept of population-genetic macroevolution in transitive environment].	an ecological scenario is proposed for the origin of causative agent of the plague (the bacterium yersenia pestis) from the clone of pseudotuberculous microbe of the first serotype y. pseudotuberculosis o:1b. disclosed are the conditions of gradual intrusion of psychrophile saprozoonosis ancestor into the blood of the primary host, mongolian tarbagan marmot marmota sibirica. as an inductor of speciation acted the sartan cooling that occurred in the end of late pleistocene under conditions of ari ...	2015	26353398
the role of early-phase transmission in the spread of yersinia pestis.	early-phase transmission (ept) of yersinia pestis by unblocked fleas is a well-documented, replicable phenomenon with poorly defined mechanisms. we review evidence demonstrating ept and current knowledge on its biological and biomechanical processes. we discuss the importance of ept in the epizootic spread of y. pestis and its role in the maintenance of plague bacteria in nature. we further address the role of ept in the epidemiology of plague.	2015	26336267
the perfect burrow, but for what? identifying local habitat conditions promoting the presence of the host and vector species in the kazakh plague system.	the wildlife plague system in the pre-balkhash desert of kazakhstan has been a subject of study for many years. much progress has been made in generating a method of predicting outbreaks of the disease (infection by the gram negative bacterium yersinia pestis) but existing methods are not yet accurate enough to inform public health planning. the present study aimed to identify characteristics of individual mammalian host (rhombomys opimus) burrows related to and potentially predictive of the pre ...	2015	26325073
climate-driven introduction of the black death and successive plague reintroductions into europe.	the black death, originating in asia, arrived in the mediterranean harbors of europe in 1347 ce, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient silk road system. this epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in europe until the early 19th century. this pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in european rodents over four centuries. to locate these putative plague r ...	2015	25713390
generation of a crispr database for yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex and role of crispr-based immunity in conjugation.	the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat - crispr-associated genes (crispr-cas) system is used by bacteria and archaea against invading conjugative plasmids or bacteriophages. central to this immunity system are genomic crispr loci that contain fragments of invading dna. these are maintained as spacers in the crispr loci between direct repeats and the spacer composition in any bacterium reflects its evolutionary history. we analysed the crispr locus sequences of 335 yersinia ...	2015	25712141
further characterization of a highly attenuated yersinia pestis co92 mutant deleted for the genes encoding braun lipoprotein and plasminogen activator protease in murine alveolar and primary human macrophages.	we recently characterized the δlpp δpla double in-frame deletion mutant of yersinia pestis co92 molecularly, biologically, and immunologically. while braun lipoprotein (lpp) activates toll-like receptor-2 to initiate an inflammatory cascade, plasminogen activator (pla) protease facilitates bacterial dissemination in the host. the δlpp δpla double mutant was highly attenuated in evoking bubonic and pneumonic plague, was rapidly cleared from mouse organs, and generated humoral and cell-mediated im ...	2015	25697665