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arteriolar oxygen reactivity: where is the sensor?the hypothesis that arterioles are intrinsically sensitive to oxygen was tested by comparing arteriolar diameter responses with local and global po2 changes in superfused hamster cheek pouch preparations. local po2 changes were produced by microapplication of fluid onto the surface of occluded or unoccluded aparenchymal arterioles or by cannulation and perfusion of arterioles in situ. global changes refer to po2 changes in the superfusate flowing over the entire preparation. local, effective po2 ...20123318502
the emergence of sick children's nursing. part 1. sick children's nursing before the turn of the century. 20123531803
the emergence of sick children's nursing. part 1. sick children's nursing before the turn of the century. 20123531803
monoreactive high affinity and polyreactive low affinity rheumatoid factors are produced by cd5+ b cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra), circulating cd5+ b lymphocytes, but not cd5- b lymphocytes, are increased in number and size, exist in an activated state, spontaneously proliferate, and secrete ig that binds to the fc fragment of igg. by constructing continuous mab-secreting cell lines from cd5+ b lymphocytes, the properties and dissociation constants (kd) of these antibodies were determined. two types of rheumatoid factors (rfs) with discrete reactivities were produced. the first ty ...20123264319
leads from the mmwr. use of supplements containing high-dose vitamin a--new york state, 1983-1984. 20123820435
[esophageal scintigraphy and ph measurement in asthmatic adults suspected of having gastroesophageal reflux].fifty-five adults with asthma were explored by gastroesophageal scintigraphy (ges) and ph monitoring (3 postprandial hours, 12 nocturnal hours). for their asthma, all patients received theophylline twice a day. associated digestive symptomatology led to investigations for gastroesophageal reflux (ger). twelve hours ph monitoring, the reference method, was validated in 13 normal volunteers. during 12 hr ph monitoring, 4 criteria were studied: number of ger, percentage of time at ph 4, number of g ...20123732745
determinisms of odontogenesis. 20123324212
measurement of monoclonal immunoglobulin concentrations in hybridoma cultures by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay. 20123523131
studies of cellular retinol-binding protein (crbp) in squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck region.cellular retinol-binding protein (crbp) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay in biopsies from normal mucosa and squamous-cell cancers of the head and neck region in 26 patients. the plasma concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein (rbp), prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid and alfa1-antitrypsin were also determined. in all patients the tumours contained significantly higher concentrations of crbp (median = 185 micrograms/g tissue protein; range: 27-1,017 micrograms/g) than norm ...20123484732
serum myoglobin levels in patients with ischemic myocardial insult.serum myoglobin levels were studied in 178 consecutive patients admitted for chest pain due to ischemic cardiac injury. serum myoglobin level was compared with the clinical condition, electrocardiographic changes, and serum creatine kinase levels. elevated serum myoglobin concentration was present in all patients with acute myocardial infarction, as defined by world health organization, geneva, criteria, and, in addition, in about 50% of patients with so-called acute coronary insufficiency. on t ...20123401097
effects of cost sharing on physiological health, health practices, and worry.in a randomized trial of the effects of medical insurance on spending and the health status of the nonaged, we previously reported that patients with limited cost sharing had approximately one-third less use of medical services, similar general self-assessed health, and worse blood pressure, functional far vision, and dental health than those with free care. of the 20 additional measures of physiological health studied here on 3,565 adults, people with cost sharing scored better on 12 measures a ...20113119520
delays in diagnosing and treating bladder cancer. 20113133024
cytogenetic abnormalities among spontaneously aborted previable fetuses.we have reviewed spontaneously aborted fetuses of 9 to 20 developmental weeks. all fetuses with either external or internal developmental defects and those with maternal history of repeated spontaneous abortion were studied cytogenetically. among 723 fetuses the cytogenetically proven prevalence of chromosome abnormalities was 5.8%. inclusion of suspected chromosome abnormality based on morphologic findings resulted in an overall prevalence of only 7.1%. this prevalence and restricted spectrum o ...20113130845
third molar eruption in a 12-year-old girl. 20113165662
direct observation of molecular motility by light microscopy.we used video-fluorescence microscopy to directly observe the sliding movement of single fluorescently labeled actin filaments along myosin fixed on a glass surface. single actin filaments labeled with phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine, which stabilizes the filament structure of actin, could be seen very clearly and continuously for at least 60 min in 02-free solution, and the sensitivity was high enough to see very short actin filaments less than 40 nm long that contained less than eight dye mol ...20113180250
the biochemistry of endogenous organosulphur compounds.the role and metabolism of methionine and cysteine in mammals are described. an outline of the history of glutathione, of its function in maintaining the thiol status of the cell and of its protective action against oxidative stress, is given. the importance of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione-s-transferases in endogenous metabolism and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is described. the relationship between cysteine and glutathione is considered together with the inter- ...20113155361
[jaw movements in patients with full dentures]. 20113274600
[jaw movements in patients with full dentures]. 20113274600
[iridocyclectomy using a lamellar explorative technic. long-term studies].the question as to whether lamellar explorative iridocyclectomy always enables the spread of tumors of the iris base or ciliary body to be detected beyond doubt was verified in 11 patients who had been treated by this procedure more than four years previously. seven of the patients were available for reexamination. in two special cases it was found that this was not true. in the other patients neither histologic findings nor long-term follow-up revealed any tumor spread beyond the excision area, ...20113221658
teaching epidemiology in alfort veterinary school. 20113232672
[status quo in lipid diagnosis from the internal medicine viewpoint. discussion of the contribution of the same title by w. reuter in z. gesamte inn. med. 43 (1988) 71-74]. 20113213119
[a combination of an accessory large intestine and teratoid cysts of the intrapelvic tissue]. 20113210612
[central european study of the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls. i. axillary hair as the 4th secondary sex characteristic].as a part of the central european study a long-term study of the pubertal development of 687 hungarian girls was undertaken and the findings compared with those of a cross-sectional study of a group of girls from münster. in addition to assessment of the breast and pubic hair according to tanner's classification, the development of axillary hair was, for the first time, subdivided into five stages (a1 to a5). this pubertal feature was related to the characteristics already known and, because of ...20113234710
surgical management of palatally impacted cuspids. 20113155369
[endocrine function of the duodenum in patients with viral hepatitis a]. 20113188448
etiology of carbon dioxide retention at rest and during exercise in chronic airflow obstruction.the purpose of this project was to better define factors that influence the resting paco2 and the change in the paco2 from rest to exercise in patients with moderate to severe chronic airflow obstruction. pulmonary function testing, symptom-limited exercise tests using arterial catheter lines, and resting ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were obtained in 19 patients (mean fev1 = 1.07 +/- .50 l). the resting paco2 was closely related to the resting hyp ...20113133164
ultrasound in the diagnosis of splenic abscess. case report. 20113071730
pulmonary embolism. part ii. management. 20113278644
propofol and alfentanil infusion. a comparison with methohexitone and alfentanil for major surgery.in 42 patients undergoing major surgery, anaesthesia was induced by intravenous alfentanil 10 micrograms/kg together with methohexitone 1.5 mg/kg or propofol 2 mg/kg. an infusion of six times these doses per hour was then started; the rate was varied subsequently as indicated by the monitoring of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, eeg and frontalis electromyogram. the mean duration of infusion was 76.7 minutes for propofol and 74.5 minutes for methohexitone and the infusion was stopped about 1 ...20113089051
artificial feeding and hospitalization of infants in people's republic of china. 20113067138
[valve of the end-to-end intubation technic for the study of intestinal bacterial colonization in infants]. 20114921253
transplantation immunobiology in relation to neural grafting: lessons learned from immunologic privilege in the eye.the principles of transplantation immunobiology are described and discussed in terms of their applicability to neural grafting, a newly emerging field dedicated to the ultimate goal of reconstituting central nervous system deficits with normally functioning tissue replacements. unique anatomic and physiologic features of the eye, which are responsible for the phenomenon of immunologic privilege, are compared with the brain and considered in terms of their relationship to the principles of transp ...20113067548
surface charge of macrophages and their interaction with charged particles.the distribution and concentration of surface ionogenic groups on murine peritoneal macrophages and the responses of their plasmalemma to charged markers were investigated by electron microscopy. quantitation of the distribution of cationized ferritin (cf) as a marker for anionic groups on fixed cells revealed surface anions on invaginated parts of the plasmalemma to be fewer than those on flat or projecting segments. cationic groups on the surface membrane, however, could not be labeled with an ...20113164749
[clinical and treatment characteristics of tertian malaria in viral hepatitis a]. 20113195076
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
efficient screening of a novel antimicrobial peptide from jatropha curcas by cell membrane affinity chromatography.a novel method named cell membrane affinity chromatography was used to screen antimicrobial peptides from jatropha curcas . a cationic antimicrobial peptide (kvflglk, jcpep7) was successfully isolated and identified. antimicrobial assays indicated that jcpep7 was active against the tested microorganisms ( salmonella typhimurium atcc 50013, shigella dysenteriae atcc 51302, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27553, staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, bacillus subtilis atcc 23631, and streptococcus pneumoni ...201121268582
isolation and partial characterisation of a novel lectin from aegle marmelos fruit and its effect on adherence and invasion of shigellae to ht29 cells.lectins are a class of ubiquitous proteins/glycoproteins that are abundantly found in nature. lectins have unique carbohydrate binding property and hence have been exploited as drugs against various infectious diseases. we have isolated one such novel lectin from the fruit pulp of aegle marmelos. the isolated lectin was partially characterised and its effect against shigella dysenteriae infection was evaluated. the isolated lectin was found to be a dimeric protein with n-acetylgalactosamine, man ...201121283697
treating erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease.the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of 117 patients with erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease was evaluated in terms of the necessity for retreatment and the prevention of the late manifestations of lyme disease. fifty-six patients with a minor form of the illness did not require retreatment and did not develop late manifestations following antibiotic treatment. three pregnant patients were included in this group. fourteen of sixty-one patients with a major form of the illness required re ...20113093544
shiga toxin and its use in targeted cancer therapy and imaging.shiga and the shiga-like toxins are related protein toxins produced by shigella dysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli. these toxins are composed of two non-covalently attached, modular parts: the a moiety (stxa) containing the enzymatically active a1 fragment, and the non-toxic, pentameric binding moiety (stxb). stx binds specifically to the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (gb3) at the surface of target cells and is then internalized by endocytosis. subsequently, in toxin-s ...201121255370
antibacterial characteristics and activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by the maillard reaction.the antibacterial activity of water-soluble chitosan derivatives prepared by maillard reactions against staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, and salmonella typhimurium was examined. relatively high antibacterial activity against various microorganisms was noted for the chitosan-glucosamine derivative as compared to the acid-soluble chitosan. in addition, it was found that the susceptibility of the test organisms to the water-solu ...201121989311
neurological manifestations of shigellosis in children in southwestern iran. 201122115119
live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine strains overexpressing shiga toxin b subunit.shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (s. dysenteriae 1) is unique among the shigella species and serotypes in the expression of shiga toxin which contributes to more severe disease sequelae and the ability to cause explosive outbreaks and pandemics. s. dysenteriae 1 shares characteristics with other shigella species, including the capability of causing clinical illness with a very low inoculum (10 to 100 cfu) and resistance to multiple antibiotics, underscoring the need for efficacious vaccines and t ...201121969003
The iron-responsive Fur/RyhB regulatory cascade modulates the Shigella outer membrane protease IcsP.Actin-based motility is central to the pathogenicity of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Shigella. Two Shigella outer membrane proteins, IcsA and IcsP, are required for efficient actin-based motility in the host cell cytoplasm, and the genes encoding both proteins are carried on the large virulence plasmid. IcsA triggers actin polymerization on the surface of the bacterium, leading to the formation of an actin tail that allows both intra- and intercellular spread. IcsP, an outer membrane pro ...201121859852
Exploration of in vitro time point quantitative evaluation of newly synthesized benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents.Present communication deals with the in vitro time point quantitative antibacterial evaluation of newly synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles (3a-p) and 2-substituted benzothiazoles (5a-h) against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. These compounds were synthesized under mild reaction conditions using Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) nanocrystals as heterogeneous catalyst. Bio-evaluation s ...201122047695
dipstick test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and its potential use on stool samples.we describe a test for rapid detection of s. dysenteriae 1 in bacterial cultures and in stools, at the bedside of patients.201121984895
antibacterial effect and cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1, 4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8.we studied the antibiotic activity and selective cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8.201122260051
phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of two bangladeshi medicinal plants.the objectives of the present study were to investigate phytochemical screening and to assay cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of leaves of two medicinal plants, aglaonema hookerianum schott (family: araceae) and lannea grandis engl. (family: anacardiaceae) available in bangladesh. the brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed that the ethanolic extracts of aglaonema hookerianum and lannea grandis possessed cytotoxic activities with lc50 5.25 (microg ml(-1)) and 5.75 ( ...201122518935
antidiarrheal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the musa sapientum seed.musa sapientum (m.sapientum) commonly known as 'banana' is widely used in bangladeshi folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea. hence, the present study was designed to investigate antidiarrheal, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the methanolic extract of m.sapientum seed (mmss). the extract was studied for antidiarrheal property using castor oil and magnesium sulfate induced diarrheal model and charcoal induced gastrointestinal motility test in mice. total ...201123407989
a comparison of disease caused by shigella and campylobacter species: 24 months community based surveillance in 4 slums of karachi, pakistan.despite the efforts of the international community diarrheal diseases still pose a major threat to children in children less than five years of age. bacterial diarrhea has also emerged as a public health concern due to the proliferation of drug resistant species in many parts of the world. there is a paucity of population-based data about the incidence of shigellosis and campylobacter infections in pakistan. we report country specific results for shigella diarrhea that were derived from a multic ...201121338955
rapid emergence of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in shigella sp. isolated in andaman and nicobar islands, india.shigellosis is a major cause of diarrheal diseases among children in andaman & nicobar islands, india, which have a population of 350,000 people, including settlers from mainland india and 6 indigenous tribes. from the last one-and-half decade, we have been monitoring the species distribution and emergence of antibiotic resistance among the isolates of shigella. the circulating shigella strains have been found rapidly acquiring resistance to a wide spectrum of antibiotics. the recent data indica ...201121352076
fabrication of silver nanoparticles doped in the zeolite framework and antibacterial activity.using the chemical reduction method, silver nanoparticles (ag nps) were effectively synthesized into the zeolite framework in the absence of any heat treatment. zeolite, silver nitrate, and sodium borohydride were used as an inorganic solid support, a silver precursor, and a chemical reduction agent, respectively. silver ions were introduced into the porous zeolite lattice by an ion-exchange path. after the reduction process, ag nps formed in the zeolite framework, with a mean diameter of about ...201121383858
antibacterial activity of the enniatin b, produced by fusarium tricinctum in liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on caco-2 cells.the enniatins (ens) are bioactive compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of fusarium sp. the en b was purified from extracts of fusarium tricinctum growth on liquid culture of potato dextrose broth (pdb), using a semipreparative liquid chromatography (lc) followed by an analytical lc. the purity and the structure of the isolated compound were confirmed by the determination of the extinction coefficient and with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) stud ...201121417626
antimicrobial susceptibilities of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated in kathmandu, nepal, during 2002-2004.the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial enteropathogens vibrio cholerae, salmonella species and shigella species were investigated.201121444984
genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance in shigella dysenteriae and shigella boydii strains isolated from children aged <5 years in egypt.summarydiversity within shigella dysenteriae (n=40) and shigella boydii (n=30) isolates from children living in egypt aged <5 years was investigated. shigella-associated diarrhoea occurred mainly in summer months and in children aged <3 years, it commonly presented with vomiting and fever. serotypes 7 (30%), 2 (28%), and 3 (23%) accounted for most of s. dysenteriae isolates; 50% of s. boydii isolates were serotype 2. s. dysenteriae and s. boydii isolates were often resistant to ampicillin, chlor ...201121470441
zidovudine (azt) has a bactericidal effect on enterobacteria and induces genetic modifications in resistant strains.the spread of multiresistant bacteria increases the need for new antibiotics. the observation that some nucleoside analogues have antibacterial activity led us to further investigate the antimicrobial activity and resistance of zidovudine (azt). we determined the minimum inhibition concentration (mic), studied time-kill curves, induced resistant bacteria and sequenced the gene for thymidine kinase. we demonstrate that azt has a bactericidal effect on some enterobacteria. however, azt could induc ...201121494911
synthesis, antibacterial activity and quantum-chemical studies of novel 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole analogues.a new series of 2-arylidenehydrazinyl-4-arylthiazole derivatives (2a-k) was designed and synthesized through a rapid, simple, and efficient methodology in excellent isolated yield. these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria, e.g. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, escherichia coli, and three fungi e.g. aspergillus oryzae, candida albicans, a ...201121532194
development of a new guinea-pig model of shigellosis.shigellosis is a major form of bacillary dysentery caused by shigella spp. to date, there is no suitable animal model to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccine candidates against this pathogen. here, we describe a successful experimental shigellosis in the guinea-pig model, which has shown the characteristic features of human shigellosis. this model yielded reproducible results without any preparatory treatment besides cecal ligation. in this study, guinea-pigs were discretely infected with ...201121539623
genetic characteristics and changing antimicrobial resistance among shigella spp isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india.to study the prevalence pattern and trends in the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of shigellae, we tested 212 isolates isolated from diarrhoeal patients admitted at the infectious diseases hospital, kolkata, india from november 2007 to october 2009. prevalence of shigella spp was more in more than 5 years age group (69%) than the children >5 years age group (31%). serotypes 2a, 3a and untypable isolates of the subtype s. flexneri were frequently detected. increase in the isolation of s. s ...201121659504
analysis of distribution and significance of simple sequence repeats in enteric bacteria shigella dysenteriae sd197.we have explored the possible role of ssr density in genome to generate biological information. in our study, we have checked the ssr (simple sequence repeats) status in virulent and non virulent genes of enteric bacteria to see whether the ssrs distribution contributes to virulence. the genome, plasmid and virulent genes sequences in fasta format were downloaded from ncbi genbank and vfdb. the sequences were subjected to ssr analysis using software tool ssr.exe. the resulting data was pasted in ...201121814393
a live noninvasive shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model.a noninvasive live transconjugant shigella hybrid (ltsh?stx) strain was constructed from a shiga toxin gene deleted mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1 by introducing a plasmid vector ppr1347 that carried a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene (rfb and rfc) of salmonella typhimurium. in guinea pigs, four successive oral administrations of ltsh?stx showed complete protection against rectal challenge with wild type s. dysenteriae 1 strain. exponential increase of the serum igg and iga titer against l ...201121806676
pathogenic bacteria prime the induction of toll-like receptor signalling in human colonic cells by the gal/galnac lectin carbohydrate recognition domain of entamoebahistolytica.in mixed intestinal infections with entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and enteropathogenic bacteria, which are wide-spread in areas of endemic amebiasis, interaction between the pathogens could be an important factor in the occurrence of invasive disease. it has been reported that exposure of human colonic cells to enteropathogenic bacteria increased trophozoite adherence to the cells and their subsequent damage. we report here that the carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) of the amebic gal/ga ...201121787776
anti-enteric bacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the seed kernel extract of mangifera indica linnaeus against shigella dysenteriae (shiga, corrig.) castellani and chalmers.to evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial efficacy of the seed kernel extract of mangifera indica (m. indica) against the enteropathogen, shigella dysenteriae (s. dysenteriae), isolated from the diarrhoeal stool specimens.201121771473
molecular identification of bacteria by total sequence screening: determining the cause of death in ancient human subjects.research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis of one essential historical or archaeological observation, permitting specific pathogens to be targeted. detection of ancient human pathogens without such evidence is more difficult, since the quantity and quality of ancient dna, as well as the environmental bacteria potentially present in the sample, limit the analyses possible. using human lung tissue and/or teeth samples from burials in eastern s ...201121765907
lipopolysaccharide core structures and their correlation with genetic groupings of shigella strains; a novel core variant in shigella boydii type 16.bacteria shigella, the cause of shigellosis, evolved from intestinal bacteria escherichia coli. based on structurally diverse o-specific polysaccharide chains of the lipopolysaccharides (o-antigens), three from four shigella species are subdivided into multiple serotypes. the central oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide called core is usually conserved within genus but five core types called r1-r4 and k-12 have been recognized in e. coli. structural data on the shigella core are limited to ...201121752864
shiga toxins induce autophagy leading to differential signalling pathways in toxin-sensitive and toxin-resistant human cells.the bacterial virulence factors shiga toxins (stxs) are expressed by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and certain escherichia coli strains. stxs are protein synthesis inhibitors and induce apoptosis in many cell types. stxs induce apoptosis via prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling to activate both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in human myeloid cells. studies have shown that autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, may be associated with activation of pro-survival or deat ...201121722286
the effect of quercus castaneifolia extract on pathogenic enteric bacteria.the family of enterobacteriaceae is a major group of gram negative bacteria, some of these microorganisms are pathogen and could cause disease mainly gastroenteritis. recently, due to drug resistant nature of these bacteria specially in developing countries treatment of the patient considered as important investigate. quercus castaneifolia is a native plant of yasuj province in iran, which the people who living in this area consume the fruit of this plant for treatment of enteric disease. hence, ...201121827865
viral-associated thrombotic microangiopathies.thrombotic microangiopathies encompass a group of disorders characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia associated with hyaline thrombi (comprised primarily of platelet aggregates in the microcirculation), and varying degrees of end-organ failure. many primary (genetic) and secondary etiological predisposing factors have been described-namely pregnancy, autoimmune disorders, cancer, drugs and antineoplastic therapy, bone marrow transplantation/solid organ transplantation ...201121727765
in vivo versus in vitro protein abundance analysis of shigella dysenteriae type 1 reveals changes in the expression of proteins involved in virulence, stress and energy metabolism.shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. quantitative proteome profiling of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) in vitro (derived from lb cell cultures) and in vivo (derived from gnotobiotic piglets) was performed by 2d-lc-ms/ms and apex, a label-free computationally modified spectral counting methodology.201121702961
differential response of the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line hk-2 to shiga toxin types 1 and 2.shiga toxins (stxs) are expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and certain serotypes of escherichia coli. stx-producing bacteria cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure. stxs are potent protein synthesis inhibitors and are the primary virulence factors responsible for renal damage that may follow diarrheal disease. we explored the use of the immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cell line hk-2 as an in vitro model of stx-ind ...201121708996
Differential host immune responses to epidemic and endemic strains of Shigella dysenteriae type I.Shigella dysenteriae type 1 causes devastating epidemics in developing countries with high case-fatality rates in all age-groups. The aim of the study was to compare host immune responses to epidemic (T2218) and endemic strains of S. dysenteriae type 1. Shigellacidal activity of serum from rabbits immunized with epidemic or endemic strains, S. dysenteriae type 1-infected patients, and healthy adult controls from Shigella-endemic and non-endemic regions was measured. Immunogenic cross-reactivity ...201122106748
recombinant shiga toxin b subunit elicits protection against shiga toxin via mixed th type immune response in mice.shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of the third commonest bacterial disease for childhood diarrhoea and responsible for millions of deaths per year. it produces potent toxin termed shiga toxin which is listed in category b biological warfare agent of cdc, usa. earlier we have reported production of recombinant shiga toxin b subunit that produced antibodies which neutralized shiga toxin toxicity in hela cells. in the present study, we have evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of rstx ...201121856355
up-regulation of muc2 and il-1β expression in human colonic epithelial cells by shigella and its interaction with mucins.the entire gastrointestinal tract is protected by a mucous layer, which contains complex glycoproteins called mucins. muc2 is one such mucin that protects the colonic mucosa from invading microbes. the initial interaction between microbes and mucins is an important step for microbial pathogenesis. hence, it was of interest to investigate the relationship between host (mucin) and pathogen interaction, including shigella induced expression of muc2 and il-1β during shigellosis.201122073249
changing species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of shigella over a 29-year period (1980-2008).we studied changes in species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella during 1980-2008, using the diarrhoeal diseases surveillance system of dhaka hospital of icddr,b. in hospitalized patients shigella prevalence decreased steadily from 8-12% in the 1980s to 3% in 2008. endemic s. flexneri was the most commonly isolated species (54%). epidemic s. dysenteriae type 1 had two peaks in 1984 and 1993, but was not found after 2000, except for one case in 2004. the therapeutic op ...201120478088
conflict and the friendship relations of young children.the purpose of this investigation was to compare conflicts occurring between young children and their friends to those occurring between nonfriends. 53 children with a median age of 4 years, 3 months were observed and interviewed to determine who were mutual friends, unilateral associates, or neutral associates. 146 conflicts were also observed. conflicts between mutual friends, as compared to those occurring between neutral associates: (a) did not occur less frequently, differ in length, or dif ...20113208570
[the young homeless of montreal: a longitudinal study].a transverse survey conducted in 142 young homeless (age: 18-30) shows that they mainly come from broken families where alcoholism, violence and mental illness hold an important place. regarding work, the majority of the surveyed homeless have not worked more than 24 months in all their life and have nearly continuously been on welfare; those who had jobs lost them much more because of their alcohol or drug use and their problems of interpersonal relationships than because of unemployment. on a ...20113203275
[the young homeless of montreal: a longitudinal study].a transverse survey conducted in 142 young homeless (age: 18-30) shows that they mainly come from broken families where alcoholism, violence and mental illness hold an important place. regarding work, the majority of the surveyed homeless have not worked more than 24 months in all their life and have nearly continuously been on welfare; those who had jobs lost them much more because of their alcohol or drug use and their problems of interpersonal relationships than because of unemployment. on a ...20113203275
revision of the grand mal epilepsy concept. 20113135582
anatomic basis for the construction of a musculotendinous flap derived from the pectoralis major muscle.the vascularization, innervation and termination of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle were studied by dissection of 7 adult subjects and 2 fetuses. the vascular and nervous autonomy of the clavicular portion was confirmed. blood-supply was effected by 2 arteries and innervation by an independent nerve. the exact distribution of the fibers composing the pectoralis major and their complex insertion are described. it is concluded that the clavicular portion can be employed as an ...20113145568
praziquantel in the acute porphyrias. 20113085239
electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality among middle-aged black men and white men of evans county, georgia.the distribution of electrocardiographic (ecg) abnormalities and the relationship between ecg abnormalities and mortality after 20 years of follow-up were examined among 40-64-year-old black men and white men enrolled in the evans county heart study. major or minor ecg abnormalities, as defined in the pooling project, were present at entry for 53% of blacks (164 of 308) and 31% of whites (159 of 511). for both races, the presence of ecg abnormalities was directly related to age, blood pressure, ...20113818868
[the central nervous system and stomach as target organ: the diencephalic-gastric axis].gastric functions are controlled by local and hormonal mediators as well as by viscero-afferent nerve fibers and by efferents from the central nervous system. experiments using lesions of specific brain regions and electrical stimulation demonstrated that distinct brain areas like parts of the hypothalamus, the amygdala and the nucleus ambiguous regulate gastric functions. apart from classic neurotransmitters, in recent years, neuropeptides have been initially identified in the gastrointestinal ...20113310434
on being moral, ethical, and polite. 20113184949
[periarthritis of the shoulder. symptomology and classification]. 20113187101
an unusual ventilator valve failure. 20113165607
assessment of c-myc expression in individual leukemic cells.the expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc was studied at the protein level in cells obtained from patients with aml and cml. in florid aml and during the blastic phase of cml the majority of cells contain c-myc protein with the amount of protein differing widely among the cells of individual patients. in contrast, during complete remission in aml and during the chronic phase of cml cells containing c-myc protein are rare. several studies demonstrated a discordance in the amount of c-myc transcr ...20113165487
difficult denture birds--new sightings.a unique insight into characteristics, motivation, and behavior of problem complete denture patients is colorfully presented.20113165462
analbuminaemia: a natural model of metabolic compensatory systems.important clinical signs are usually not present in analbuminaemia, a congenital condition inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but several biochemical alterations in proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids and plasma beta lipoproteins have been observed. we studied two sibs, r.u. and r.r., with this disease and observed a striking increase in the variables mentioned above as well as a high ldl fraction with concomitant increase in apo b; increases in hdl3 and apo a-i and a-ii levels were als ...20113126352
hematologic disorders following prolonged use of intravenous fat emulsions in children.abnormalities in hematologic parameters, associated with prolonged utilization of intravenous fat emulsion (ivfe), were observed in seven children on long-term cyclic total parenteral nutrition (tpn). all patients were receiving ivfe (intralipid 20%) 1 to 2 g/kg/24 hr as part of tpn, during 3 to 18 months. recurrent thrombocytopenia occurred in all seven patients. platelet lifespan, as measured with 111 indium was reduced. sea-blue histiocytes containing granulations and hemophagocytosis were se ...20113086587
two mutant low-density-lipoprotein receptors in afrikaners slowly processed to surface forms exhibiting rapid degradation or functional heterogeneity.two distinct mutant low-density-lipoprotein receptors in south african afrikaners exhibit retarded posttranslational processing to mature forms. one mutation gives rise to cell-surface receptors that are subject to abnormally rapid degradation, whereas the other is associated with a functionally heterogeneous surface population degraded at a normal rate.20113202825
termination of treatment. a legal update. 20113278647
[academic dissertations of military pharmacists on the history of pharmacy]. 20113067684
[first aid organization for cardiologic emergencies]. 20113244431
serum free thyroxine and free tri-iodothyronine in normal children.serum free thyroxine (ft4) and free tri-iodothyronine (ft3) were measured in 138 normal school children, adolescents and their younger siblings, whose ages ranged from 3 months to 18 years. mean ft4 concentration (16.8 pmol/l) was similar to the adult mean concentration of 17 pmol/l and all the values were within the adult reference range. at all ages the ft3 range was considerably higher than the adult reference range and the overall mean ft3 concentration (8.3 pmol/l) was at the upper limit of ...20113232955
[echographic and radiographic aspects of a case of burkitt's lymphoma]. 20113060909
using computers to take patient histories. 20113147730
characterization of regional left ventricular contraction by curvature difference analysis.a method which characterizes the contraction of the left ventricle (lv) by changes in the lv endocardial contour curvatures is presented. a normalized curvature difference function (ncdf) is defined by the difference between the (normalized) curvature functions of end diastolic (ed) and end systolic (es) contours. unlike wall-motion based procedures, ncdf is independent of any reference system and of the method used for ed-es shape alignment. normal and pathological diagnosis criteria were first ...20113233092
the ascertainment sampling problem and estimation of genetic parameters when parental haplotypes are known.comparisons of bias and standard errors of genetic parameter estimates arising from various estimation procedures are made by using contrived genetic data in which parental haplotypes are known in addition to the haplotypes of affected sibs. these comparisons show that knowledge of parental haplotypes can reduce standard errors of genetic parameter estimates by between 10% and 45% as compared to estimates when parental information is not available. the added information does not appear to change ...20113232696
detecting faking on the rorschach: computer versus expert clinical judgment.in a previous study of the ability of expert rorschach interpreters to detect faking that used true and malingered protocols, the experts faired very poorly. in this study, 50% of these same protocols were scored by the exner system and analyzed by exner's semantic computer interpretation program. the program indicated invalidity of protocols only on the basis of low r and designated the faked protocols high on psychotic descriptors, barely indicating psychosis for the true schizophrenic protoco ...20113210124
[surgery of cholesteatoma ears with good hearing]. 20113219644
[pedodontics and nutrition. i. the pregnant woman]. 20113240696
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