Publications

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antimicrobial activity of the manganese photoactivated carbon monoxide-releasing molecule [mn(co)3(tpa-κ(3)n)](+) against a pathogenic escherichia coli that causes urinary infections.we set out to investigate the antibacterial activity of a new mn-based photoactivated carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (photocorm, [mn(co)3(tpa-κ(3)n)](+)) against an antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic strain (ec958) of escherichia coli.201626842766
the impact of biosecurity and partial depopulation on campylobacter prevalence in irish broiler flocks with differing levels of hygiene and economic performance.campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial food-borne pathogen within the european union (eu), and poultry meat is the primary route for transmission to humans.201627171888
circadian control of antibacterial immunity: findings from animal models.most of the biological functions, including the immune system, are linked to circadian rhythms in living organisms. changes occurring to biological parameters as the result of these circadian rhythms can therefore affect the outcome of a disease. for decades, model organisms have proven to be a great tool to understanding biological mechanisms such as circadian cycle and immunity. in this review, we created an inventory of the use of model organisms in order to decipher the relation between circ ...201627242972
comparative analysis of prophage-like elements in helicobacter sp. genomes.prophages are regarded as one of the factors underlying bacterial virulence, genomic diversification, and fitness, and are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes. information on helicobacter sp. prophages remains scarce. in this study, sixteen prophages were identified and analyzed in detail. eight of them are described for the first time. based on a comparative genomic analysis, these sixteen prophages can be classified into four different clusters. phylogenetic relationships of cluster a helicobacter ...201627169002
draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in malaysia.campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of human bacterial gastrointestinal foodborne disease worldwide. antibiotic resistance in this species is of public health concern. the draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant c. jejuni strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in malaysia are presented here.201627151799
hostphinder: a phage host prediction tool.the current dramatic increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria has revitalised the interest in bacteriophages as alternative antibacterial treatment. meanwhile, the development of bioinformatics methods for analysing genomic data places high-throughput approaches for phage characterization within reach. here, we present hostphinder, a tool aimed at predicting the bacterial host of phages by examining the phage genome sequence. using a reference database of 2196 phages with known hosts, hostphind ...201627153081
virulence characterisation of salmonella enterica isolates of differing antimicrobial resistance recovered from uk livestock and imported meat samples.salmonella enterica is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen of significant public health concern. we have characterized the virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene content of 95 salmonella isolates from 11 serovars by dna microarray recovered from uk livestock or imported meat. genes encoding resistance to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracycline [tet(a), tet(b)], streptomycin (stra, strb), aminoglycoside (aada1, aada2), beta-lactam (bla tem), and trimethoprim (dfra17) were common. virulence gene c ...201627199965
diversity in rotavirus-host glycan interactions: a "sweet" spectrum.interaction with cellular glycans is a critical initial step in the pathogenesis of many infectious agents. technological advances in glycobiology have expanded the repertoire of studies delineating host glycan-pathogen interactions. for rotavirus, the vp8* domain of the outer capsid spike protein vp4 is known to interact with cellular glycans. sialic acid was considered the key cellular attachment factor for rotaviruses for decades. although this is true for many rotavirus strains causing infec ...201628090561
miller-fisher syndrome: are anti-gad antibodies implicated in its pathophysiology?miller-fisher syndrome (mfs) is considered as a variant of the guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and its characteristic clinical features are ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. typically, it is associated with anti-gq1b antibodies; however, a significant percentage (>10%) of these patients are seronegative. here, we report a 67-year-old female patient who presented with the typical clinical features of mfs. workup revealed antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) in relatively high ...201627239355
comparative study on immunoglobulin y transfer from breeding hens to egg yolk and progeny chicks in different breeds of poultry.this study was undertaken to compare the immunoglobulin y (igy) level and its efficacy in laying hens of four different breeds of poultry (viz., vanraja, gramapriya, blackrock, and kalingabrown) and its relative transfer in egg yolk and chick.201627182141
modulatory effects of gut microbiota on the central nervous system: how gut could play a role in neuropsychiatric health and diseases.gut microbiome is an integral part of the gut-brain axis. it is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. it was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potent ...201627032544
irritable bowel syndrome: new insights into symptom mechanisms and advances in treatment.despite being one of the most common conditions leading to gastroenterological referral, irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is poorly understood. however, recent years have seen major advances. these include new understanding of the role of both inflammation and altered microbiota as well as the impact of dietary intolerances as illuminated by magnetic resonance imaging (mri), which has thrown new light on ibs. this article will review new data on how excessive bile acid secretion mediates diarrhea ...201627158477
overview of zika virus (zikv) infection in regards to the brazilian epidemic.zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. zikv was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the zika forest, uganda. little clinical importance was attributed to zikv, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some african and southeast asiatic countries. this situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the yap island, micronesia, caused by the asian zikv lineage. between 2013 and 2014, zikv spr ...201627143174
complete genome sequence of uv-resistant campylobacter jejuni rm3194, including an 81.08-kilobase plasmid.campylobacter jejuni strain rm3194 was originally isolated from a human with enteritis and contains a novel 81,079-bp plasmid. rm3194 has exhibited superior survival compared to other campylobacter jejuni strains when challenged with uv light. the chromosome of rm3194 was determined to be 1,651,183 bp, with a g+c content of 30.5%.201627125483
interactions between intestinal pathogens, enteropathy and malnutrition in developing countries.this review focuses on recent data highlighting the interactions between intestinal pathogens, enteropathy and malnutrition in developing countries, which drive morbidity and mortality and hinder the long-term developmental potential of children.201626967147
structural model of feob, the iron transporter from pseudomonas aeruginosa, predicts a cysteine lined, gtp-gated pore.iron is essential for the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. the feob transporter allows the bacterial cell to acquire ferrous iron from its environment, making it an excellent drug target in intractable pathogens. the protein consists of an n-terminal gtp-binding domain and a c-terminal membrane domain. despite the availability of x-ray crystal structures of the n-terminal domain, many aspects of the structure and function of feob remain unclear, such as the structure of the membran ...201626934982
diagnosis of genus helicobacter through a hemi-nested pcr assay of 16s rrna.the present study aimed to establish a genus-specific pcr-based assay to detect helicobacters using 16s rrna gene as the target template. we designed the hemi-nested primers based on sequences of 16s rrna gene of 34 types of helicobacter species. the inclusivity, sensitivity, and specificity of the pcr assay using these primers were examined in three different models, comprising feces simulated samples, blab/c mice infection model and clinic patients samples. the detection sensitivity of helicob ...201627275113
two cases of heavy chain mgus.heavy chain diseases are rare variants of b-cell lymphomas that produce one of three classes of immunoglobulin heavy chains, without corresponding light chains. we describe two patients with asymptomatic heavy chain monoclonal gammopathy. the first patient is a 51-year-old woman with alpha paraprotein on serum immunofixation. the second case is a 46-year-old woman with gamma paraprotein on urine immunofixation. neither patient had corresponding monoclonal light chains. workup for multiple myelom ...201627213064
biosynthesis of conjugate vaccines using an o-linked glycosylation system.conjugate vaccines are known to be one of the most effective and safest types of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. previously, vaccine biosynthesis has been performed by using n-linked glycosylation systems. however, the structural specificity of these systems for sugar substrates has hindered their application. here, we report a novel protein glycosylation system (o-linked glycosylation via neisseria meningitidis) that can transfer virtually any glycan to produce a conjugate vaccine. we suc ...201627118590
biochar, bentonite and zeolite supplemented feeding of layer chickens alters intestinal microbiota and reduces campylobacter load.a range of feed supplements, including antibiotics, have been commonly used in poultry production to improve health and productivity. alternative methods are needed to suppress pathogen loads and maintain productivity. as an alternative to antibiotics use, we investigated the ability of biochar, bentonite and zeolite as separate 4% feed additives, to selectively remove pathogens without reducing microbial richness and diversity in the gut. neither biochar, bentonite nor zeolite made any signific ...201627116607
antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human campylobacter jejuni isolates and association with phylogenetic lineages.campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen and the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. with the increase of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, the drugs of choice for treatment, c. jejuni was recently classified as a serious antimicrobial resistant threat. here, we characterized 94 c. jejuni isolates collected from patients at four michigan hospitals in 2011 and 2012 to determine the frequency of resistance and association with phylogenetic lin ...201627199922
elucidation of the roles of adhe1 and adhe2 in the primary metabolism of clostridium acetobutylicum by combining in-frame gene deletion and a quantitative system-scale approach.clostridium acetobutylicum possesses two homologous adhe genes, adhe1 and adhe2, which have been proposed to be responsible for butanol production in solventogenic and alcohologenic cultures, respectively. to investigate their contributions in detail, in-frame deletion mutants of each gene were constructed and subjected to quantitative transcriptomic (mrna molecules/cell) and fluxomic analyses in acidogenic, solventogenic, and alcohologenic chemostat cultures.201627118994
colonic expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and gelatinases during campylobacter jejuni infection of conventional infant mice.within 1 week following peroral campylobacter jejuni infection, infant mice develop acute enteritis resolving thereafter. we here assessed colonic expression profiles of mediators belonging to the il-23/il-22/il-18 axis and of matrix-degrading gelatinases mmp-2 and mmp-9 at day 6 post c. jejuni strain 81-176 infection. whereas the pathogen readily colonized the intestines of infant il-18(-/-) mice only, colonic mucin-2 mrna, a pivotal mucus constituent, was downregulated in il-22(-/-) mice and a ...201627429796
the role of il-23, il-22, and il-18 in campylobacter jejuni infection of conventional infant mice.we have recently shown that, within 1 week following peroral campylobacter jejuni infection, conventional infant mice develop self-limiting enteritis. we here investigated the role of il-23, il-22, and il-18 during c. jejuni strain 81-176 infection of infant mice. the pathogen efficiently colonized the intestines of il-18(-/-) mice only, but did not translocate to extra-intestinal compartments. at day 13 postinfection (p.i.), il-22(-/-) mice displayed lower colonic epithelial apoptotic cell numb ...201627429795
dynamic duo-the salmonella cytolethal distending toxin combines adp-ribosyltransferase and nuclease activities in a novel form of the cytolethal distending toxin.the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a well characterized bacterial genotoxin encoded by several gram-negative bacteria, including salmonella enterica (s. enterica). the cdt produced by salmonella (s-cdt) differs from the cdt produced by other bacteria, as it utilizes subunits with homology to the pertussis and subtilase toxins, in place of the traditional cdta and cdtc subunits. previously, s-cdt was thought to be a unique virulence factor of s. enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhi, ...201627120620
guillain-barré syndrome occurring synchronously with systemic lupus erythematosus as initial manifestation treated successfully with low-dose cyclophosphamide.systemic lupus erythematous (sle) is frequently encountered in clinical practice; a widespread immunological response can involve any organ system, sometimes leading to rare and diagnostically challenging presentations. we describe a 38-year-old female who presented with symmetric numbness and tingling of the hands and feet, and cervical pain. imaging studies were not diagnostic of any serious underlying pathology. the patient developed ascending paresis involving lower extremities and cranial m ...201627124163
host, pathogen and the environment: the case of macrobrachium rosenbergii, vibrio parahaemolyticus and magnesium.macrobrachium rosenbergii is well-known as the giant freshwater prawn, and is a commercially significant source of seafood. its production can be affected by various bacterial contaminations. among which, the genus vibrio shows a higher prevalence in aquatic organisms, especially m. rosenbergii, causing food-borne illnesses. vibrio parahaemolyticus, a species of vibrio is reported as the main causative of the early mortality syndrome. vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in m. rosenbergii was studi ...201627114742
the campylobacter jejuni ferric uptake regulator promotes acid survival and cross-protection against oxidative stress.campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. the mechanisms by which c. jejuni survives stomach acidity remain undefined. in the present study, we demonstrated that the c. jejuni ferric uptake regulator (fur) plays an important role in c. jejuni acid survival and acid-induced cross-protection against oxidative stress. a c. jejuni δfur mutant was more sensitive to acid than the wild-type strain. profiling of the acid stimulon of the c. jejuni δfur mu ...201626883589
neisseria meningitidis polynucleotide phosphorylase affects aggregation, adhesion, and virulence.neisseria meningitidis autoaggregation is an important step during attachment to human cells. aggregation is mediated by type iv pili and can be modulated by accessory pilus proteins, such as pilx, and posttranslational modifications of the major pilus subunit pile. the mechanisms underlying the regulation of aggregation remain poorly characterized. polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase) is a 3'-5' exonuclease that is involved in rna turnover and the regulation of small rnas. in this study, we bi ...201626930706
cytotoxic and inflammatory responses induced by outer membrane vesicle-associated biologically active proteases from vibrio cholerae.proteases in vibrio cholerae have been shown to play a role in its pathogenesis. v. cholerae secretes zn-dependent hemagglutinin protease (hap) and calcium-dependent trypsin-like serine protease (vesc) by using the type ii secretion system (tiiss). our present studies demonstrated that these proteases are also secreted in association with outer membrane vesicles (omvs) and transported to human intestinal epithelial cells in an active form. omv-associated hap induces dose-dependent apoptosis in i ...201626930702
antibacterial derivatives of marine algae: an overview of pharmacological mechanisms and applications.the marine environment is home to a taxonomically diverse ecosystem. organisms such as algae, molluscs, sponges, corals, and tunicates have evolved to survive the high concentrations of infectious and surface-fouling bacteria that are indigenous to ocean waters. both macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae (diatoms) contain pharmacologically active compounds such as phlorotannins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, peptides, and terpenes which combat bacterial invasion. the resistance of pathogenic bact ...201627110798
isolation of an aptamer that binds specifically to e. coli.escherichia coli is a bacterial species found ubiquitously in the intestinal flora of animals, although pathogenic variants cause major public health problems. aptamers are short oligonucleotides that bind to targets with high affinity and specificity, and have great potential for use in diagnostics and therapy. we used cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-selex) to isolate four single stranded dna (ssdna) aptamers that bind strongly to e. coli cells (atcc g ...201627104834
fluoroquinolone-resistant enteric bacteria in sub-saharan africa: clones, implications and research needs.fluoroquinolones came into widespread use in african countries in the early 2000s, after patents for the first generation of these drugs expired. by that time, quinolone antibacterial agents had been used intensively worldwide and resistant lineages of many bacterial species had evolved. we sought to understand which gram negative enteric pandemic lineages have been reported from africa, as well as the nature and transmission of any indigenous resistant clones. a systematic review of articles in ...201627148238
virb8-like protein trah is crucial for dna transfer in enterococcus faecalis.untreatable bacterial infections caused by a perpetual increase of antibiotic resistant strains represent a serious threat to human healthcare in the 21(st) century. conjugative dna transfer is the most important mechanism for antibiotic resistance and virulence gene dissemination among bacteria and is mediated by a protein complex, known as type iv secretion system (t4ss). the core of the t4ss is a multiprotein complex that spans the bacterial envelope as a channel for macromolecular secretion. ...201627103580
glycoengineered outer membrane vesicles: a novel platform for bacterial vaccines.the world health organization has indicated that we are entering into a post-antibiotic era in which infections that were routinely and successfully treated with antibiotics can now be lethal due to the global dissemination of multidrug resistant strains. conjugate vaccines are an effective way to create a long-lasting immune response against bacteria. however, these vaccines present many drawbacks such as slow development, high price, and batch-to-batch inconsistencies. alternate approaches for ...201627103188
impact of urban contamination of the la paz river basin on thermotolerant coliform density and occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric pathogens in river water, irrigated soil and fresh vegetables.la paz river in andean highlands is heavily polluted with urban run-off and further contaminates agricultural lowlands and downstream waters at the amazon watershed. agricultural produce at this region is the main source of vegetables for the major andean cities of la paz and el alto. we conducted a 1 year study, to evaluate microbial quality parameters and occurrence of multiple enteropathogenic bacteria (enterohemorrhagic e. coli-ehec, enteroinvasive e. coli or shigella-eiec/shigella, enteroag ...201627186463
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the small intestine mimicking acute appendicitis: a case report and review of the literature.inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare tumor of a borderline malignancy. although it is commonly seen in children, the number of childhood cases in the current literature is limited. the lung is the most commonly affected location. however, cases that have been documented in the mesentery-omentum have mostly been located in the mesentery of the small bowel and not in the antimesenteric edge as in our patient.201627094797
packaging of campylobacter jejuni into multilamellar bodies by the ciliate tetrahymena pyriformis.campylobacter jejuniis the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. transmission to humans occurs through consumption of contaminated food or water. the conditions affecting the persistence of c. jejuniin the environment are poorly understood. some protozoa package and excrete bacteria into multilamellar bodies (mlbs). packaged bacteria are protected from deleterious conditions, which increases their survival. we hypothesized that c. jejuni could be packaged under aerobic conditions ...201626921427
the genomic architecture of resistance to campylobacter jejuni intestinal colonisation in chickens.campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in humans and is mostly acquired from consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat. in the absence of effective licensed vaccines and inhibitors, selection for chickens with increased resistance to campylobacter could potentially reduce its subsequent entry into the food chain. campylobacter intestinal colonisation levels are influenced by the host genetics of the chicken. in the present study, two chicken populations wer ...201627090510
comparison of methods to identify pathogens and associated virulence functional genes in biosolids from two different wastewater treatment facilities in canada.the use of treated municipal wastewater residues (biosolids) as fertilizers is an attractive, inexpensive option for growers and farmers. various regulatory bodies typically employ indicator organisms (fecal coliforms, e. coli and salmonella) to assess the adequacy and efficiency of the wastewater treatment process in reducing pathogen loads in the final product. molecular detection approaches can offer some advantages over culture-based methods as they can simultaneously detect a wider microbia ...201627089040
clostridium difficile enterocolitis and reactive arthritis: a case report and review of the literature.reactive arthritis is a rare complication of clostridium difficile enterocolitis, especially in children. we review the 6 pediatric cases published in the english and non-english literature and discuss their clinical presentation, outcome, treatment, and pathophysiology. we also report the seventh case of clostridium difficile reactive arthritis in a 6-year-old boy who was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate for 10 days because of an upper respiratory infection. after the antibiotic course, the ...201627190666
contributions of sinorhizobium meliloti transcriptional regulator dksa to bacterial growth and efficient symbiosis with medicago sativa.the stringent response, mediated by the (p)ppgpp synthetase rela and the rna polymerase-binding protein dksa, is triggered by limiting nutrient conditions. for some bacteria, it is involved in regulation of virulence. we investigated the role of two dksa-like proteins from the gram-negative nitrogen-fixing symbiont sinorhizobium meliloti in free-living culture and in interaction with its host plant medicago sativa the two paralogs, encoded by the genes smc00469 and smc00049, differ in the consti ...201626883825
draft genome sequence of lactobacillus crispatus jcm5810, which can reduce campylobacter jejuni colonization in chicken intestine.we present the 2.05-mb draft genome sequence oflactobacillus crispatusjcm5810, a chicken intestinal isolate with the ability to reducecampylobacter jejunicolonization in chickens. the genome sequence will provide insights on the probiotic mechanisms ofl. crispatusjcm5810.201627081134
recombinant expression of streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides in escherichia coli.currently, streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for over 14 million cases of pneumonia worldwide annually, and over 1 million deaths, the majority of them children. the major determinant for pathogenesis is a polysaccharide capsule that is variable and is used to distinguish strains based on their serotype. the capsule forms the basis of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppv23) that contains purified capsular polysaccharide from 23 serotypes, and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv ...201627110302
use of lactobacillus plantarum strains as a bio-control strategy against food-borne pathogenic microorganisms.lactobacillus plantarum is one of the most versatile species extensively used in the food industry both as microbial starters and probiotic microorganisms. several l. plantarum strains have been shown to produce different antimicrobial compounds such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and also bacteriocins and antimicrobial peptides, both denoted by a variable spectrum of action. in recent decades, the selection of microbial molecules and/or bacterial strains able to produce antagoni ...201627148172
superphy: predictive genomics for the bacterial pathogen escherichia coli.predictive genomics is the translation of raw genome sequence data into a phenotypic assessment of the organism. for bacterial pathogens, these phenotypes can range from environmental survivability, to the severity of human disease. significant progress has been made in the development of generic tools for genomic analyses that are broadly applicable to all microorganisms; however, a fundamental missing component is the ability to analyze genomic data in the context of organism-specific phenotyp ...201627067409
properties and phylogeny of 76 families of bacterial and eukaryotic organellar outer membrane pore-forming proteins.we here report statistical analyses of 76 families of integral outer membrane pore-forming proteins (ompps) found in bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. 47 of these families fall into one superfamily (sfi) which segregate into fifteen phylogenetic clusters. families with members of the same protein size, topology and substrate specificities often cluster together. virtually all ompp families include only proteins that form transmembrane pores. nine such families, all of which cluster together in ...201627064789
protist-bacteria associations: gammaproteobacteria and alphaproteobacteria are prevalent as digestion-resistant bacteria in ciliated protozoa.protistan bacterivory, a microbial process involving ingestion and digestion, is ecologically important in the microbial loop in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. while bacterial resistance to protistan ingestion has been relatively well understood, little is known about protistan digestion in which some ingested bacteria could not be digested in cells of major protistan grazers in the natural environment. here we report the phylogenetic identities of digestion-resistant bacteria (drb) that co ...201627148188
guillain-barré syndrome (42 cases) occurring during a zika virus outbreak in french polynesia.zika virus (transmitted by mosquitoes) reached french polynesia for the first time in 2013, leading to an epidemic affecting 10% of the total population. so far, it has not been known to induce any neurological complications, but, a few weeks after the outbreak, an unexpectedly high number of 42 patients presented with guillain-barré syndrome.we report the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of this series. males predominated with a sex ratio of 2.82 (mean age: 46). all patients (e ...201627057874
biocontrol and rapid detection of food-borne pathogens using bacteriophages and endolysins.bacteriophages have been suggested as natural food preservatives as well as rapid detection materials for food-borne pathogens in various foods. since listeria monocytogenes-targeting phage cocktail (listshield) was approved for applications in foods, numerous phages have been screened and experimentally characterized for phage applications in foods. a single phage and phage cocktail treatments to various foods contaminated with food-borne pathogens including e. coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica ...201627092128
epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infections in sweden, november 2011-october 2012: is the severity of infection associated with c. jejuni sequence type?campylobacter jejuni is among the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in europe. over 8,000 c. jejuni multilocus sequence typing sequence types (sts) have been described; st-21 and st-45 have been identified as the most frequent types in all human studies so far. in contrast to other sts, st-22 has been associated with the guillain-barré syndrome and st-677 was recently linked to severe systemic infections in finland. we investigated risk factors associated with hospitalisation in ...201627059819
draft genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni bf, an atypical strain able to grow under aerobiosis.in this study, we describe the draft genome sequence of acampylobacter jejuniclinical isolate issued from a french patient suffering from severe campylobacteriosis. this atypical strain is characterized by an unusual resistance to oxygen and the ability to grow under an aerobic atmosphere, a characteristic as-of-yet unique to this species.201627056213
novel anti-campylobacter compounds identified using high throughput screening of a pre-selected enriched small molecules library.campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and infections can be fatal. the emergence of antibiotic-resistant campylobacter spp. necessitates the development of new antimicrobials. we identified novel anti-campylobacter small molecule inhibitors using a high throughput growth inhibition assay. to expedite screening, we made use of a "bioactive" library of 4182 compounds that we have previously shown to be active against diverse microbes. screening for growt ...201627092106
can attention to the intestinal microbiota improve understanding and treatment of anorexia nervosa?anorexia nervosa (an) is characterized by severe dietary restriction or other weight loss behaviors and exhibits the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. therapeutic renourishment in an is founded primarily on clinical opinion and guidelines, with a weak evidence base. genetic factors do not fully account for the etiology of an, and non-genetic factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of this disease warrant investigation. compelling evidence that the intestinal microb ...201627003627
evaluation of flagellum-related proteins flid and fspa as subunit vaccines against campylobacter jejuni colonisation in chickens.campylobacter is the leading cause of food-borne diarrhoea in humans in the developed world and consumption of contaminated poultry meat is the main source of infection. vaccination of broilers could reduce carcass contamination and zoonotic infections. towards this aim, we evaluated recombinant anti-campylobacter subunit vaccines based on the flagellum-capping protein flid and the flagellum-secreted protein fspa as they are immunogenic in chickens and the flagellum is vital for colonisation. in ...201626921781
mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.emergence of resistance among the most important bacterial pathogens is recognized as a major public health threat affecting humans worldwide. multidrug-resistant organisms have not only emerged in the hospital environment but are now often identified in community settings, suggesting that reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are present outside the hospital. the bacterial response to the antibiotic "attack" is the prime example of bacterial adaptation and the pinnacle of evolution. "surv ...201627227291
aetiology of diarrhoeal disease and evaluation of viral-bacterial coinfection in children under 5 years old in china: a matched case-control study.globally, diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of death among children under 5 years old. few case-control studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea have been conducted in china. a case-control study on 922 children under 5 years old who presented with diarrhoea and individually matched controls was conducted in china between may 2011 and january 2013. quantitative pcr was used to analyze stool samples for 10 diarrhoeal pathogens. potential enteric pathogens were detected in 377 (81.8%) ...201626724990
gastrointestinal disorders associated with common variable immune deficiency (cvid) and chronic granulomatous disease (cgd).common variable immune deficiency (cvid) and chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) are two of the well-characterized primary immune deficiencies with distinct pathologic defects. while cvid is predominantly a disorder of the adaptive immune system, in cgd, innate immunity is impaired. in both syndromes, the clinical manifestations include an increased susceptibility to infections and a number of non-infectious, inflammatory conditions including systemic autoimmunity, as well as organ-specific path ...201626951230
vaxar: a web-based database of laboratory animal responses to vaccinations and its application in the meta-analysis of different animal responses to tuberculosis vaccinations.animal models are indispensable for vaccine research and development. however, choosing which species to use and designing a vaccine study that is optimized for that species is often challenging. vaxar (http://www.violinet.org/vaxar/) is a web-based database and analysis system that stores manually curated data regarding vaccine-induced responses in animals. to date, vaxar encompasses models from 35 animal species including rodents, rabbits, ferrets, primates, and birds. these 35 species have be ...201627053566
proteomics as a tool for studying bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance.proteomic studies have improved our understanding of the microbial world. the most recent advances in this field have helped us to explore aspects beyond genomics. for example, by studying proteins and their regulation, researchers now understand how some pathogenic bacteria have adapted to the lethal actions of antibiotics. proteomics has also advanced our knowledge of mechanisms of bacterial virulence and some important aspects of how bacteria interact with human cells and, thus, of the pathog ...201627065974
copper-containing anti-biofilm nanofiber scaffolds as a wound dressing material.copper particles were incorporated into nanofibers during the electrospinning of poly-d,l-lactide (pdlla) and poly(ethylene oxide) (peo). the ability of the nanofibers to prevent pseudomonas aeruginosa pa01 and staphylococcus aureus (strain xen 30) to form biofilms was tested. nanofibers containing copper particles (cu-f) were thinner (326 ± 149 nm in diameter), compared to nanofibers without copper (cf; 445 ± 93 nm in diameter). the crystalline structure of the copper particles in cu-f was conf ...201627028292
growth phase, oxygen, temperature, and starvation affect the development of viable but non-culturable state of vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae can enter into a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state in order to survive in unfavorable environments. in this study, we studied the roles of five physicochemical and microbiological factors or states, namely, different strains, growth phases, oxygen, temperature, and starvation, on the development of vbnc of v. cholerae in artificial sea water (asw). different strains of the organism, the growth phase, and oxygen levels affected the progress of vbnc development. it was found t ...201627065970
toll-like receptor-4 dependent intestinal gene expression during arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic il-10 deficient mice.we have previously shown that arcobacter butzleri infection induces toll-like receptor (tlr) -4 dependent immune responses in perorally infected gnotobiotic il-10(-/-) mice. here, we analyzed tlr-4-dependent expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading gelatinases mmp-2 and -9 in the small and large intestines of gnotobiotic tlr-4-deficient il-10(-/-) mice that were perorally infected with a. butzleri strains ccug 30485 or c1, of human and chicken origin, respectively ...201627141316
intestinal expression of genes encoding inflammatory mediators and gelatinases during arcobacter butzleri infection of gnotobiotic il-10 deficient mice.we have previously shown that arcobacter butzleri induces intestinal, extra-intestinal, and systemic immune responses in perorally infected gnotobiotic il-10(-/-) mice in a strain-dependent fashion. here, we present a comprehensive survey of small and large intestinal expression profiles of inflammatory and regulatory mediators as well as of the matrix-degrading gelatinases mmp-2 and mmp-9 following murine a. butzleri infection. gnotobiotic il-10(-/-) mice were infected with a. butzleri strains ...201627141315
anti-ganglioside antibodies are removed from circulation in mice by neuronal endocytosis.see van doorn and jacobs doi101093/brain/aww078 for a scientific commentary on this article  : in axonal forms of guillain-barré syndrome, anti-ganglioside antibodies bind gangliosides on nerve surfaces, thereby causing injury through complement activation and immune cell recruitment. why some nerve regions are more vulnerable than others is unknown. one reason may be that neuronal membranes with high endocytic activity, including nerve terminals involved in neurotransmitter recycling, are able ...201627017187
automated broad-range molecular detection of bacteria in clinical samples.molecular detection methods, such as quantitative pcr (qpcr), have found their way into clinical microbiology laboratories for the detection of an array of pathogens. most routinely used methods, however, are directed at specific species. thus, anything that is not explicitly searched for will be missed. this greatly limits the flexibility and universal application of these techniques. we investigated the application of a rapid universal bacterial molecular identification method, is-pro, to rout ...201626763956
pneumococcus with the "6e" cps locus produces serotype 6b capsular polysaccharide.genetic studies of serogroup 6 isolates ofstreptococcus pneumoniaeidentified putative serotype 6e. although its capsular polysaccharide structure has not been elucidated, putative serotype 6e is described in an increasing number of studies as a potentially new serotype. we show here that spec6b, which is widely used as a target strain for serotype 6b opsonophagocytosis assays, has the genetic features of the putative serotype 6e but produces capsular polysaccharide identical to 6b capsular polys ...201626818670
a highly macrolide-resistant campylobacter jejuni strain with rare a2074t mutations in 23s rrna genes. 201626810658
nitazoxanide inhibits pilus biogenesis by interfering with folding of the usher protein in the outer membrane.many bacterial pathogens assemble surface fibers termed pili or fimbriae that facilitate attachment to host cells and colonization of host tissues. the chaperone/usher (cu) pathway is a conserved secretion system that is responsible for the assembly of virulence-associated pili by many different gram-negative bacteria. pilus biogenesis by the cu pathway requires a dedicated periplasmic chaperone and an integral outer membrane (om) assembly and secretion platform termed the usher. nitazoxanide (n ...201626824945
unusual non-fluorescent broad spectrum siderophore activity (sid egyii) by pseudomonas aeruginosa strain egyii dsm 101801 and a new insight towards simple siderophore bioassay.present study highlights an unusual non-fluorescent hydroxamate broad spectrum siderophore (sid egyii) activity from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain egyii dsm 101801, a soil bacterial isolate, along with simple low cost effective siderophore bioassay. detection of sid egyii activity qualitatively was proved by masking this activity against erwinia amylovora strain egy1 dsm 101800, an indicator strain, in well-cut diffusion assay containing 100 µm fecl3. sid egyii activity was expressed quantitativ ...201627015845
acute tuberculous myopericarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: a case report and literature review.a number of cases of acute myopericarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction (ami) have previously been reported in the literature. however, to the best of our knowledge, such a case resulting from mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has not previously been described. the present study reports the case of a 21-year-old male patient presenting with acute chest pain, in whom focal st-segment elevation and elevated cardiac enzymes mimicked a diagnosis of ami. however, acute tuberculous myoperi ...201627284323
crystal structure of cota laccase complexed with 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) at a novel binding site.the cota laccase from bacillus subtilis is an abundant component of the spore outer coat and has been characterized as a typical laccase. the crystal structure of cota complexed with 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (abts) in a hole motif has been solved. the novel binding site was about 26 å away from the t1 binding pocket. comparison with known structures of other laccases revealed that the hole is a specific feature of cota. the key residues arg476 and ser360 were directly bo ...201627050268
escherichia coli o104 in feedlot cattle feces: prevalence, isolation and characterization.escherichia coli o104:h4, an hybrid pathotype of shiga toxigenic and enteroaggregative e. coli, involved in a major foodborne outbreak in germany in 2011, has not been detected in cattle feces. serogroup o104 with h type other than h4 has been reported to cause human illnesses, but their prevalence and characteristics in cattle have not been reported. our objectives were to determine the prevalence of e. coli o104 in feces of feedlot cattle, by culture and pcr detection methods, and characterize ...201627010226
survival capacity of arcobacter butzleri inoculated in poultry meat at two different refrigeration temperatures.arcobacter spp. are emerging enteropathogens and potential zoonotic agents that can be transmitted by food and water, being considered a public health risk. the high isolation rate of these bacteria from poultry products suggests that it may be a major source of human infections. one hallmark for differentiating the genus arcobacter from campylobacter includes their growing capacity at low temperatures (15-30 °c) under aerobic conditions. however, little is known about the population density var ...201627007565
molecular markers for tracking the origin and worldwide distribution of invasive strains of puccinia striiformis.investigating the origin and dispersal pathways is instrumental to mitigate threats and economic and environmental consequences of invasive crop pathogens. in the case of puccinia striiformis causing yellow rust on wheat, a number of economically important invasions have been reported, e.g., the spreading of two aggressive and high temperature adapted strains to three continents since 2000. the combination of sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) markers, which were developed from two s ...201627066253
the sos response master regulator lexa regulates the gene transfer agent of rhodobacter capsulatus and represses transcription of the signal transduction protein ccka.the gene transfer agent of rhodobacter capsulatus (rcgta) is a genetic exchange element that combines central aspects of bacteriophage-mediated transduction and natural transformation. rcgta particles resemble a small double-stranded dna bacteriophage, package random ∼4-kb fragments of the producing cell genome, and are released from a subpopulation (<1%) of cells in a stationary-phase culture. rcgta particles deliver this dna to surrounding r. capsulatus cells, and the dna is integrated into th ...201626833411
identification of e-cadherin signature motifs functioning as cleavage sites for helicobacter pylori htra.the cell adhesion protein and tumour suppressor e-cadherin exhibits important functions in the prevention of gastric cancer. as a class-i carcinogen, helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) has developed a unique strategy to interfere with e-cadherin functions. in previous studies, we have demonstrated that h. pylori secretes the protease high temperature requirement a (htra) which cleaves off the e-cadherin ectodomain (ntf) on epithelial cells. this opens cell-to-cell junctions, allowing bacterial tran ...201626983597
gut microbiota: the brain peacekeeper.gut microbiota regulates intestinal and extraintestinal homeostasis. accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may also regulate brain function and behavior. results from animal models indicate that disturbances in the composition and functionality of some microbiota members are associated with neurophysiological disorders, strengthening the idea of a microbiota-gut-brain axis and the role of microbiota as a "peacekeeper" in the brain health. here, we review recent discoveries on th ...201627014255
cytokine responses in birds challenged with the human food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni implies a th17 response.development of process orientated understanding of cytokine interactions within the gastrointestinal tract during an immune response to pathogens requires experimentation and statistical modelling. the immune response against pathogen challenge depends on the specific threat to the host. here, we show that broiler chickens mount a breed-dependent immune response to campylobacter jejuni infection in the caeca by analysing experimental data using frequentist and bayesian structural equation models ...201627069644
biofilm morphotypes and population structure among staphylococcus epidermidis from commensal and clinical samples.bacterial species comprise related genotypes that can display divergent phenotypes with important clinical implications. staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of nosocomial infections and, critical to its pathogenesis, is its ability to adhere and form biofilms on surfaces, thereby moderating the effect of the host's immune response and antibiotics. commensal s. epidermidis populations are thought to differ from those associated with disease in factors involved in adhesion and biofilm acc ...201626978068
diverse high-torque bacterial flagellar motors assemble wider stator rings using a conserved protein scaffold.although it is known that diverse bacterial flagellar motors produce different torques, the mechanism underlying torque variation is unknown. to understand this difference better, we combined genetic analyses with electron cryo-tomography subtomogram averaging to determine in situ structures of flagellar motors that produce different torques, from campylobacter and vibrio species. for the first time, to our knowledge, our results unambiguously locate the torque-generating stator complexes and sh ...201626976588
expanding the role of fura as essential global regulator in cyanobacteria.in the nitrogen-fixing heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium anabaena sp. pcc 7120, the ferric uptake regulator fura plays a global regulatory role. failures to eliminate wild-type copies of fura gene from the polyploid genome suggest essential functions. in the present study, we developed a selectively regulated fura expression system by the replacement of fura promoter in the anabaena sp. chromosomes with the co2+/zn2+ inducible coat promoter from synechocystis sp. pcc 6803. by removing co2+ and z ...201626967347
proton pump inhibitors and gastroenteritis.an association between proton pump inhibitor (ppi) therapy and bacterial gastroenteritis has been suggested as well as contradicted. the aim of this study was to examine the association between the use of ppis and occurrence of bacterial gastroenteritis in the prospective rotterdam study. the rotterdam study is a population-based cohort study among 14,926 subjects aged 45 years and older with up to 24 years of follow-up. analyses were performed with a generalized estimating equations method in p ...201626960438
atypical sensors for direct and rapid neuronal detection of bacterial pathogens.bacterial infection can threaten the normal biological functions of a host, often leading to a disease. hosts have developed complex immune systems to cope with the danger. preceding the elimination of pathogens, selective recognition of the non-self invaders is necessary. at the forefront of the body's defenses are the innate immune cells, which are equipped with particular sensor molecules that can detect common exterior patterns of invading pathogens and their secreting toxins as well as with ...201626960533
transcriptome landscape of lactococcus lactis reveals many novel rnas including a small regulatory rna involved in carbon uptake and metabolism.rna sequencing has revolutionized genome-wide transcriptome analyses, and the identification of non-coding regulatory rnas in bacteria has thus increased concurrently. here we reveal the transcriptome map of the lactic acid bacterial paradigm lactococcus lactis mg1363 by employing differential rna sequencing (drna-seq) and a combination of manual and automated transcriptome mining. this resulted in a high-resolution genome annotation of l. lactis and the identification of 60 cis-encoded antisens ...201626950529
discovery and dissection of metabolic oscillations in the microaerobic nitric oxide response network of escherichia coli.the virulence of many pathogens depends upon their ability to cope with immune-generated nitric oxide (no·). in escherichia coli, the major no· detoxification systems are hmp, an no· dioxygenase (nod), and norv, an no· reductase (nor). it is well established that hmp is the dominant system under aerobic conditions, whereas norv dominates anaerobic conditions; however, the quantitative contributions of these systems under the physiologically relevant microaerobic regime remain ill defined. here, ...201626951670
correction: updated campylobacter jejuni capsule pcr multiplex typing system and its application to clinical isolates from south and southeast asia. 201626950938
the efficacy of a commercial competitive exclusion product on campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens in a 5-week pilot-scale study.the efficacy of the commercial competitive exclusion product broilact against campylobacter jejuni was evaluated in broiler chickens in a 5-week pilot-scale study. newly-hatched broiler chicks were brought from a commercial hatchery. after arrival 50 seeder chicks were challenged orally with approximately 10(3) cfu of c. jejuni, wing marked, and placed back in a delivery box and moved to a separate room. the rest of the chicks (contact chicks) were placed in floor pens, 100 chicks per pen. birds ...201626944963
bacterial antisense rnas are mainly the product of transcriptional noise.cis-encoded antisense rnas (asrnas) are widespread along bacterial transcriptomes. however, the role of most of these rnas remains unknown, and there is an ongoing discussion as to what extent these transcripts are the result of transcriptional noise. we show, by comparative transcriptomics of 20 bacterial species and one chloroplast, that the number of asrnas is exponentially dependent on the genomic at content and that expression of asrna at low levels exerts little impact in terms of energy c ...201626973873
sialic acid-modified antigens impose tolerance via inhibition of t-cell proliferation and de novo induction of regulatory t cells.sialic acids are negatively charged nine-carbon carboxylated monosaccharides that often cap glycans on glycosylated proteins and lipids. because of their strategic location at the cell surface, sialic acids contribute to interactions that are critical for immune homeostasis via interactions with sialic acid-binding ig-type lectins (siglecs). in particular, these interactions may be of importance in cases where sialic acids may be overexpressed, such as on certain pathogens and tumors. we now dem ...201626941238
c1q-targeted inhibition of the classical complement pathway prevents injury in a novel mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an autoimmune disease that results in acute paralysis through inflammatory attack on peripheral nerves, and currently has limited, non-specific treatment options. the pathogenesis of the acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) variant is mediated by complement-fixing anti-ganglioside antibodies that directly bind and injure the axon at sites of vulnerability such as nodes of ranvier and nerve terminals. consequently, the complement cascade is an attractive target to ...201626936605
horizontal dna transfer mechanisms of bacteria as weapons of intragenomic conflict.horizontal dna transfer (hdt) is a pervasive mechanism of diversification in many microbial species, but its primary evolutionary role remains controversial. much recent research has emphasised the adaptive benefit of acquiring novel dna, but here we argue instead that intragenomic conflict provides a coherent framework for understanding the evolutionary origins of hdt. to test this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model of a clonally descended bacterial population undergoing hdt through ...201626934590
polynucleotide phosphorylase regulates multiple virulence factors and the stabilities of small rnas rsmy/z in pseudomonas aeruginosa.post-transcriptional regulation enables bacteria to quickly response to environmental stresses. polynucleotide phosphorylase (pnpase), which contains an n-terminal catalytic core and c-terminal rna binding kh-s1 domains, is involved in rna processing. here we demonstrate that in pseudomonas aeruginosa the kh-s1 domains of pnpase are required for the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and bacterial virulence. transcriptome analysis revealed a pleiotropic role of pnpase in gene regulation. particula ...201626973625
onset of ulcerative colitis after helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: a case report.in japan, helicobacter pylori eradication has been approved since 2013 for treatment of h pylori-induced chronic gastritis, in an attempt to reduce the prevalence of gastric cancer, a leading cancer in japan. h pylori infection affects more than 50% of the world's population. h pylori eradication therapy is generally safe. to our knowledge, no case of newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis occurring immediately after h pylori eradication therapy has previously been reported.a 63-year-old man receive ...201627043835
primary gastro intestinal lymphoma presenting as perforation peritonitis.primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is very rare compared to gastrointestinal tract lymphoma arising secondary to primary nodal disease. extra nodal lymphoma can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly being the stomach followed by small intestine and ileocecal region. they are indistinguishable from other benign and malignant conditions and clinically non-specific. here, we have an interesting case where a patient presented with peritonitis and was found to have a perforated ...201627134938
deletion of the entire interferon-γ receptor 1 gene causing complete deficiency in three related patients.complete interferon-γ receptor 1 (ifn-γr1) deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency causing predisposition to severe infection due to intracellular pathogens. only 36 cases have been reported worldwide. the purpose of this article is to describe a large novel deletion found in 3 related cases, which resulted in the complete removal of the ifngr1 gene.201626931784
assessment of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae component binding to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using bovine epithelial cells.since yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and its components are being used for the prevention and treatment of enteric diseases in different species, they may also be useful for preventing johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (map). this study aimed to identify potential yeast derivatives that may be used to help prevent map infection. the adherence of mcherry-labeled map to bovine mammary epithelial cell line (mac-t c ...201626932223
use of h-index and other bibliometric indicators to evaluate research productivity outcome on swine diseases.h-index is the most commonly applied tool to evaluate scientific productivity. in this study, the use of the h-index to evaluate scientific production in swine veterinary medicine was explored. a database of 137 pig infectious agents was constructed, including its taxonomic division, zoonotic potential, status as emerging pathogen and whether it was oie-listed. the h-index and the total number of citations were calculated for those pathogens, the location of the affiliation of the first author o ...201626930283
comparative genomic analysis of mannheimia haemolytica from bovine sources.bovine respiratory disease is a common health problem in beef production. the primary bacterial agent involved, mannheimia haemolytica, is a target for antimicrobial therapy and at risk for associated antimicrobial resistance development. the role of m. haemolytica in pathogenesis is linked to serotype with serotypes 1 (s1) and 6 (s6) isolated from pneumonic lesions and serotype 2 (s2) found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. here, we sequenced the genomes of 11 strains of m. hae ...201626926339
isothiocyanates as effective agents against enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli: insight to the mode of action.production of shiga toxins by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) which is responsible for the pathogenicity of these strains, is strictly correlated with induction of lambdoid bacteriophages present in the host's genome, replication of phage dna and expression of stx genes. antibiotic treatment of ehec infection may lead to induction of prophage into a lytic development, thus increasing the risk of severe complications. this, together with the spread of multi-drug resistance, increases th ...201626922906
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