Publications

update: influenza activity--united states, january 4-10, 2004.	the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 4-10, 2004. health departments in 20 states and new york city reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 24 states reported regional activity, three states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by two states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decrease i ...	2004	14724560
molecular characterization of enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle indicates that only some isolates have zoonotic potential.	in this study, 338 fecal samples were analyzed for enterocytozoon bieneusi from cattle farms in florida, maryland, michigan, new york, north carolina, pennsylvania, virginia, and portugal. the internal transcribed spacer region (392 bp) of the rrna gene of e. bieneusi was amplified using a nested pcr protocol. thirty-two e. bieneusi-pcr positive samples were sequenced. a high degree of genetic polymorphism, represented by five distinct genotypes (beb1-beb5), was found among the e. bieneusi isola ...	2004	14727187
assessment methods for concerns about contaminated sites.	the management and protection of environmental resources from anthropogenic stressors require public support. understanding the concerns of the public with respect to environmental problems allows policymakers and managers to make wise decisions. in this study, three methods of assessing public concerns about brookhaven national laboratory, a department of energy facility on long island, ny, were compared using (1) an open-ended question about concerns, (2) a rating of a list of concerns, and (3 ...	2004	14668110
update: influenza activity--united states, january 11-17, 2004.	the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 11-17, 2004. health departments in five states reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 31 states and new york city reported regional activity, eight states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by six states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decreas ...	2004	14737063
circulating enterolactone and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study in new york.	it has been proposed that phyto-oestrogens protect against breast cancer. lignans are the main class of phyto-oestrogens in western diets. we conducted a case-control study of breast cancer and serum levels of the main human lignan, enterolactone, nested within a prospective cohort study, the new york university women's health study. serum samples collected at enrollment and stored at -80 degrees c were used. among 14 275 participants, 417 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed a median of ...	2004	15226762
the west nile virus: a lesson in emerging infections.	since its identification in new york city in 1999, the west nile virus has spread to 45 states and caused human infections in at least 44 states. west nile virus is difficult to correctly diagnose without a high level of clinical suspicion and can cause severe debilitation or death in those with the most severe symptoms. this paper reviews the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this important emerging infection. lessons learned from west nile v ...	2004	15228065
fine mapping of 10q and 18q for familial alzheimer's disease in caribbean hispanics.	familial alzheimer's disease (ad [mim 104300]) has been a focus of intense investigation, primarily in caucasian families from europe and north america families. although the late-onset form of familial ad, beginning after age 65 years, has been linked to regions on chromosomes 10q and 12p, the specific genetic variants have not yet been consistently identified. using a unique cohort of families of caribbean hispanics ancestry, we screened the genome using 340 markers on 490 family members from ...	2004	15241431
deconstructing positive affect in later life: a differential functionalist analysis of joy and interest.	positive affect, an index of psychological well-being, is a known predictor of functionality and health in later life. measures typically studied include joy, happiness, and subjective well-being, but less often interest--a positive emotion with functional properties that differ from joy or happiness. following differential emotions theory, the present study measured trait joy and interest in a population-based sample of 1,118 adults aged 65-86 years. as predicted, trait joy was associated with ...	2004	15248472
west nile virus activity--united states, july 14-20, 2004.	during the week of july 14-20, a total of 74 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from seven states (arizona, california, florida, new mexico, new york, south dakota, and texas).	2004	15269701
distribution of listeria monocytogenes molecular subtypes among human and food isolates from new york state shows persistence of human disease--associated listeria monocytogenes strains in retail environments.	while there is considerable information available regarding listeria monocytogenes contamination patterns in food processing plants, our understanding of l. monocytogenes contamination and transmission in retail operations is limited. we characterized 125 food, 40 environmental, and 342 human clinical l. monocytogenes isolates collected in new york state from 1997 to 2002 using automated ribotyping and hly allelic variation. all environmental isolates were obtained from retail establishments and ...	2004	15270495
advax, new dna vaccine in human trial; hiv-negative volunteers needed in new york city or rochester, ny areas.	hiv-negative volunteers are needed for an important vaccine trial.	2004	15272461
increasing the use of formal services by caregivers of people with dementia.	this study evaluated the impact of an information and referral intervention designed to help family caregivers of people with dementia obtain needed health and human services. caregivers (n = 608) of community-residing people with dementia were surveyed about their need for and use of community services. of the 608 caregivers, 203 agreed to be referred to a staff member of an alzheimer's association chapter to get help finding needed health and community services. the results of a logistic regre ...	2004	15281699
predoctoral dental school curriculum for catastrophe preparedness.	preparing for catastrophic events, both human-made and natural, is in the national interest and has become a priority since catastrophic events in oklahoma city, washington, dc, and new york city. dentists are a large source of non-physician health manpower that could contribute to the public welfare during catastrophic events that require additional public health human resources. dentists, by virtue of their education, understand biomedical concepts and have patient care skills that can be dire ...	2004	15286108
six-year intervention outcomes for adolescent children of parents with the human immunodeficiency virus.	having a parent with the human immunodeficiency virus has a significant negative impact on an adolescent child's adjustment.	2004	15289245
hartford hospital surgeons share publicity with robot 'assistants.'.	hartford hospital, hartford, conn. finds some patients gravitate to boston or new york city for high-tech procedures. being the first connecticut hospital with the davinci robotic surgery system, it developed an advertising campaign emphasizing high-tech surgery with the human touch. hartford also broadcast a robotic prostatectomy on its popular live webcast series.	2004	15291437
ethnic differences of polymorphisms in cytokine and innate immune system genes in pregnant women.	investigations of the possible role of polymorphic genes in pregnancy outcome may be influenced by ethnic variations in genotype or allele frequencies. differences in allelic carriage of immune system-related genes among white, black, and hispanic pregnant women living in new york city and boston were evaluated.	2004	15292002
west nile virus activity--united states, july 28-august 3, 2004.	during july 28-august 3, a total of 141 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 11 states (alabama, arizona, california, colorado, florida, illinois, nevada, new york, north dakota, south dakota, and texas). during 2004, a total of 20 states have reported a total of 406 cases of human wnv illness to cdc through arbonet. of these, 247 (61%) were reported from arizona. a total of 226 (57%) of the 406 cases occurred in males; the median age of patients was 51 years (range: 1 ...	2004	15295314
an evaluation of paramedics' ability to screen older adults during emergency responses.	this study evaluated the feasibility of using the emergency medical services (ems) system as a public health provider by having paramedics screen older adults (age >or= 65 years) for influenza immunization status during emergency responses. it also determined the proportion of older-adult ems patients who lacked an influenza vaccination.	2004	15295732
sand fly (lutzomyia vexator) (diptera: psychodidae) populations in upstate new york: abundance, microhabitat, and phenology.	visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic protozoal disease of humans and dogs in tropical and subtropical regions in asia, africa, southern europe, central america, and south america, where sand flies (genera phlebotomus and lutzomyia) act as vectors. an outbreak in a new york foxhound kennel and subsequent surveillance revealed widespread leishmania infantum infection of dogs in the united states, outside the known range of the vector sand flies. for this study, we conducted surveillance for sand f ...	2004	15311474
retroviruses 2004: review of the 2004 cold spring harbor retroviruses conference.	for the past several decades, retrovirologists from around the world have gathered in late may at the cold spring harbor laboratories in new york to present their studies in formal talks and posters, and to discuss their ongoing research informally at the bar or on the beach. as organizers of the 2004 cold spring harbor retroviruses conference, we have been asked by the editors of retrovirology to prepare a review of the meeting for publication on-line. our goal in this review is not to provide ...	2004	15357866
employment discrimination. hiv-positive man who quit his job loses bias claim.		2004	15359452
different chemokine expression in lethal and non-lethal murine west nile virus infection.	west nile (wn) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. the wn virus endemic in new york city (ny) in 1999 caused large-scale mortality of wild birds that was not evident in endemic areas in other parts of the world, and the pathogenesis of the wn virus strain isolated in ny (ny strain) appears to differ from that of previously isolated strains. however, the pathogenesis of ny strain infection remains unclear. this study examined cc (rantes/cc ...	2004	15368509
community-based, acute posttraumatic stress management: a description and evaluation of a psychosocial-intervention continuum.	much of today's psychological trauma can be identified as resulting from sudden and seemingly random events, and particularly from events that involve the loss of human life. this article presents a perspective on how behavioral health providers may approach the design, development, and implementation of community-based psychological trauma interventions. these interventions allow those community members most affected by the trauma to play a central role in the resolution of, and community adapt ...	2004	15371064
west nile virus activity--united states, september 8-14, 2004.	during september 8-14, a total of 195 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) illness were reported from 26 states (alabama, arizona, arkansas, california, colorado, florida, georgia, idaho, illinois, iowa, kansas, maryland, minnesota, missouri, nebraska, nevada, new mexico, new york, north dakota, oklahoma, oregon, pennsylvania, south dakota, tennessee, texas, and wisconsin).	2004	15371969
prevalence of giardia duodenalis genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves.	to determine the prevalence of giardia genotypes in pre-weaned dairy calves, fecal samples were collected from a minimum of 18, 1-7-week-old dairy calves per farm on two farms each in the states of vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. samples cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using cscl density gradient centrifugation were stained and examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and also subjected to pcr and gene sequence analysis. prevalence by p ...	2004	15381298
pioneers in our own lives: grounded theory of lesbians' midlife development.	historically, human development theorists made no mention of experiences unique to lesbians. to explore implications of differences associated with lesbian midlife development, this qualitative study compared the midlife experiences of 12 lesbians between the ages of 41 and 54 to descriptions of midlife development resulting from two prior studies using similar methods with groups whose members were nearly all heterosexual women, i.e., data collected in a series of focus group meetings and analy ...	2004	15778174
how many illnesses does one emergency department visit represent? using a population-based telephone survey to estimate the syndromic multiplier.	syndromic surveillance monitors trends in nonspecific health indicator data to detect disease outbreaks in a timely manner; however, only a limited percentage of persons with mild illness might exhibit behaviors that could be detected by syndromic surveillance.	2004	15714638
update: influenza activity--united states, january 18-24, 2004.	the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 18-24, 2004. one state health department reported widespread activity. a total of 20 states reported regional activity, 19 states and new york city reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by nine states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) remained the same during the week endi ...	2004	14749616
international clones of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in two hospitals in miami, florida.	a total of 202 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) single-patient isolates recovered between january and june 1998 in two hospitals in miami, florida, were characterized by a combination of several molecular typing techniques: multilocus sequence typing, spaa typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and determination of the structure of the sccmec element. the overwhelming majority of the isolates-187 of 202, or 93%-belonged to one of three internationally spread epidemic clones ...	2004	14766814
continued epidemic of bladder cancer in workers exposed to ortho-toluidine in a chemical factory.	ortho-toluidine (o-toluidine), an aromatic amine, is classified by the international agency for research on cancer as a probable human carcinogen. a cohort study published in 1991 reported a 6.5-fold excess incidence of bladder cancer in a chemical plant that used o-toluidine. we report 19 additional cases of bladder cancer among workers in this cohort, yielding a total of 34 cases of bladder cancer in the cohort to date. the number of bladder cancers diagnosed in the recent period has increased ...	2004	14767218
genetic influences on memory performance in familial alzheimer disease.	to investigate the heritability of memory and other cognitive measures in families with multiple individuals with alzheimer disease (ad) to determine if neuropsychological measures can be used to better understand genetic contributions to ad.	2004	14872023
human-cell mutagens in respirable airborne particles in the northeastern united states. 1. mutagenicity of fractionated samples.	few studies have characterized the regional scale (300-500 km) variability of the mutagenicity of respirable airborne particles (pm2.5). we previously collected 24-h pm2.5 samples for 1 year from background, suburban, and urban sites in massachusetts (ma) and rural and urban sites in upstate new york (ny) (n = 53-60 samples per site). bimonthly composites of these samples were mutagenic to human cells. the present report describes our effort to identify chemical classes responsible for the mutag ...	2004	14968851
laboratory confirmation of generalized vaccinia following smallpox vaccination.	the reinitiation of smallpox vaccination has renewed interest in implementing modern diagnostic methods to assess orthopoxvirus infection and adverse events following vaccination. we report here the laboratory confirmation of vaccinia virus in pustular lesions of a healthy adult vaccinee by use of a two-tier algorithm incorporating taqman pcr and electron microscopy.	2004	15004124
the role of children's lay theories about the malleability of human attributes in beliefs about and volunteering for disadvantaged groups.	two studies with 9- to 12-year-old children supported the hypothesis that lay theories about the malleability of human traits impact judgments of and behavior toward groups in need of volunteer help. the more children endorsed an incremental view (attributes can change), the more they reported liking, desiring social contact with, and perceiving similarity between themselves and a disadvantaged outgroup (homeless, unicef-funded children). moreover, children endorsing more of a malleable view rep ...	2004	15015687
the frequency of gjb2 and gjb6 mutations in the new york state newborn population: feasibility of genetic screening for hearing defects.	in the us, approximately one in every 1000 children has hearing loss sufficiently severe to interfere with the acquisition of normal speech [ann ny acad sci 630 (1991) 16]. the causes of non-syndromic hearing loss (nshl) are known to be heterogeneous, with genetic factors accounting for 50-75%[am j med genet 46 (1993) 486]. often individuals with nshl thought to be caused by mutations in gjb2 have only one detectable mutant allele [am j hum genet 62 (1998) 792, hum mol genet 6 (12) (1997) 2173]. ...	2004	15025729
einstein's institute for aging research: collaborative and programmatic approaches in the search for successful aging.	while aging research has been progressing rapidly recently, the involvement of multiple organs and systems in the aging process has hampered a comprehensive assessment of some of aging's basic features. in response to this problem, the institute for aging research at einstein did not emerge out of the traditional geriatric programs, but through enhanced collaborations between basic and clinical scientists who had successful careers in the research of a specific organ or system. the strength of t ...	2004	15036407
west nile virus: a primer for infection control professionals.	in 1999, an outbreak of human west nile encephalitis occurred in new york city. during the outbreak, 62 cases of human west nile virus (wnv) infection were diagnosed, with 7 deaths. this was the first time that human wnv infections were detected in the western hemisphere. by 2002, the total number of human cases of wnv that year alone reached 4156, with 284 fatalities. in addition, investigations have shown that wnv can be acquired through organ transplantation, blood transfusion, breast milk, t ...	2004	15057202
memento for rené favaloro.	rene g. favaloro moved to the cleveland clinic in 1962 and with him came a wind of change that was to reshape cardiac surgery forever. with his cherished colleagues, effler, sones, proudfit, groves, sheldon, and countless others, he contributed to the double internal mammary artery-myocardial implantation by the vineberg method, and, subsequently, in may 1967, he reconstructed the right coronary artery by saphenous vein graft interposition. these milestones set the stage for aortocoronary saphen ...	2004	15061628
custody plans among parents living with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	to describe and to examine predictors of making custody plans by parents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	2004	15066871
the power of the human heart: a story of trauma and recovery and its implications for rehabilitation and healing.	ms trisha meili revealed her identity as the central park jogger in a presentation at spaulding rehabilitation hospital in boston in may 2003. her co-presenter was dr jon kabat-zinn, whose teachings on mindfulness and meditation had been important in ms meili's rehabilitation process. this transcript of that conversation describes the various phases she underwent in her recovery, and documents the role of her self-discovered practice of mindfulness in restoring her emotional and physical functio ...	2004	15068105
older adults' reports of formal care hours and administrative records.	personal assistance care is a medicaid benefit in new york, but few data are available on its prevalence and contribution to home care. we examined these issues in a new york city sample by assessing older adults' reports of weekly home care hours and medicaid billing records.	2004	15075415
adenovirus type 7 genomic-type variant, new york city, 1999.	an outbreak of respiratory illness occurred in a long-term care facility in new york city. investigation of the outbreak identified confirmed or suspected adenoviral infection in 84% of the residents from october 19 to december 18, 1999. further identification by type-specific neutralization and restriction analysis identified a new genomic variant of adenovirus type 7.	2004	15078614
barriers to enrollment in drug abuse treatment and suggestions for reducing them: opinions of drug injecting street outreach clients and other system stakeholders.	alcohol and other drug abuse (aod) treatment is a major means of hiv/aids prevention, yet clients of street outreach programs (sop) who are injection drug users (idu), and outreach workers and staff as well, report various obstacles to enrolling clients in aod programs. this study assessed the barriers to aod enrollment facing high risk street outreach clients and obtained suggestions for reducing them. data were obtained from semistructured field interviews with: 1) idu outreach clients (n = 14 ...	2004	15083558
spinal cord neuropathology in human west nile virus infection.	during the 1999 new york city west nile virus (wnv) outbreak, 4 patients with profound muscle weakness, attributed to guillain-barré syndrome, were autopsied. these cases were the first deaths caused by wnv, a flavivirus, to be reported in the united states. the patients' brains had signs of mild viral encephalitis; spinal cords were not examined. during the 2002 national epidemic, several patients in mississippi had acute flaccid paralysis. electrophysiologic studies localized the lesions to th ...	2004	15086282
operational conditions affecting the vaccination of older adults.	the content and context of the process of vaccinating older adults against influenza in outpatient settings has not been adequately described. failure to appreciate the causal antecedents or precursors to the act of provider recommendation may explain why so many efficacious interventions identified by the u.s. task force on community preventive services fail to be routinely implemented and why influenza immunization rates have remained static over the past decade.	2004	15110051
no association of the asp298 variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene with preeclampsia.	preeclampsia, the most common serious complication of pregnancy, is characterized by vasoconstriction, dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, and hypertension. unidentified genetic factors and impaired nitric oxide (no)-mediated vasodilation are thought to contribute to the development of the syndrome. polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) gene affect no production and have been associated with hypertension and preeclampsia in a japanese population.	2004	15110896
factors associated with the successful implementation of a quality improvement project in human immunodeficiency virus ambulatory care clinics.	we examined a quality improvement (qi) program, offered to ambulatory care clinics (n = 82) serving human immunodeficiency virus-positive clients, to determine what factors predicted the clinic independently implementing qi processes without their program consultant's help. initial analyses examined clinics at 4 levels of involvement: withdrew from the project, initial qi proficiency, advanced qi proficiency, and consultant independent. the initial and advanced stages were collapsed into 1 group ...	2004	15115278
molecular determinants of virulence of west nile virus in north america.	west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that until very recently had not been found in the americas. in 1999, there was an outbreak of west nile encephalitis in new york and surrounding areas, involving 62 human cases, including 7 fatalities. the virus has subsequently become established in the united states of america (u.s.) with 4156 human cases, including 284 deaths, in 2002. the wnv strains found in the u.s. are members of "lineage i", a genetic grouping that includes viruses fr ...	2004	15119761
trends from an hiv seroprevalence study among childbearing women in new york state from 1988 through 2000: a valuable epidemiologic tool.	women in new york state are heavily affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. new york has had the largest number of births to hiv-infected pregnant women in the united states. data collected as part of the survey of childbearing women have been valuable for assessing the impact of the disease on the women of new york.	2004	15123476
ssi benefits denied man who could not return to work.		2004	15124600
comparison of hiv infection risk behaviors among injection drug users from east and west coast us cities.	this study assessed whether behavioral differences explained higher human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence among injection drug users (idus) in three east coast versus two west coast cities in the united states. sociodemographic, sexual, and injecting information were collected during semiannual face-to-face interviews. baseline data from new york city; baltimore, maryland; and new haven, connecticut, were compared with data from los angeles, california, and san jose, california. amon ...	2004	15136659
from the cover: diffusion-based method for producing density-equalizing maps.	map makers have for many years searched for a way to construct cartograms, maps in which the sizes of geographic regions such as countries or provinces appear in proportion to their population or some other analogous property. such maps are invaluable for the representation of census results, election returns, disease incidence, and many other kinds of human data. unfortunately, to scale regions and still have them fit together, one is normally forced to distort the regions' shapes, potentially ...	2004	15136719
a hox gene mutation in a family with isolated congenital vertical talus and charcot-marie-tooth disease.	congenital vertical talus (cvt), also known as "rocker-bottom foot" deformity, is a dislocation of the talonavicular joint, with rigid dorsal dislocation of the navicular over the neck of the talus. this condition is usually associated with multiple other congenital deformities and only rarely is an isolated deformity. the reported familial cases are consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. in contrast, charcot-marie-tooth disease (cmt) is thought to ...	2004	15146389
a nineteenth-century experiment in human selective breeding.		2004	15154000
effects of airborne world trade center dust on cytokine release by primary human lung cells in vitro.	there are continuing concerns regarding the respiratory health effects of airborne particulate matter (pm) after the destruction of the world trade centre (wtc). we examined cytokine (interleukin [il]-8, il-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) release by primary human lung alveolar macrophages (am) and type ii epithelial cells after exposure to wtc pm2.5 (indoor and outdoor), pm10-2.5 (indoor), and pm53-10 (outdoor), fractionated from settled dusts within 2 months of the incident. there was an increa ...	2004	15167388
a community-campus partnership: influenza prevention campaign.	service learning and community-campus partnerships foster the integration of educational goals and community need. the authors describe a school of nursing and a visiting nurse association partnership in which undergraduate and graduate students participated in an immunization campaign. preparation, orientation, and evaluation of students based on special course objectives is presented.	2004	15167581
prevalence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in post-weaned dairy calves in the eastern united states.	fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six states were found positive for enterocytozoon bieneusi by pcr and dna sequence analysis. based on gene sequence data this genotype of e. bieneusi found in post-weaned calves was 100% identical to that found ...	2004	15170566
population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses (piv) cause significant morbidity in young children. although only influenza virus infection and illness is currently vaccine-preventable, vaccines are under development for rsv and piv. we established a prospective, active population-based surveillance network to provide precise estimates of hospitalization rates for viral acute respiratory illness (ari) in young children and to measure the potential impact of enhance ...	2004	15173503
temporal dynamics of rabies in a wildlife host and the risk of cross-species transmission.	an epidemiological model was developed for rabies, linking the risk of disease in a secondary species (cats) to the temporal dynamics of disease in a wildlife reservoir (raccoons). data were obtained from cats, raccoons, and skunks tested for rabies in the northeastern united states during 1992-2000. an epizootic algorithm defined a time-series of successive intervals of epizootic and inter-epizootic raccoon rabies. the odds of diagnosing a rabid cat during the first epizootic of raccoon rabies ...	2004	15188720
pesticides in surface water runoff in south-eastern new york state, usa: seasonal and stormflow effects on concentrations.	samples from two streams (kisco river and the middle branch of the croton river) in the croton reservoir system in south-eastern new york state, usa were sampled from may 2000 through to february 2001 in order to document the effect of land use, streamflow and seasonal patterns of application on pesticide concentrations in runoff from developed watersheds. many of the pesticides detected most commonly in this study are generally used in developed areas, and particularly on turfgrass. pesticide c ...	2004	15198325
clostridium infections associated with musculoskeletal-tissue allografts.	allografts are commonly used in orthopedic reconstructive surgery. in 2001, approximately 875,000 musculoskeletal allografts were distributed by u.s. tissue banks. after the death from clostridium sordellii sepsis of a 23-year-old man who had received a contaminated allograft from a tissue bank (tissue bank a), the centers for disease control and prevention initiated an investigation, including enhanced case finding, of the methods used for the recovery, processing, and testing of tissue.	2004	15201413
exposure. order for hiv-positive man to wear spit hood in court upheld.		2004	15202400
qualitative needs assessment of hiv services among dominican, mexican and central american immigrant populations living in the new york city area.	this paper reports on research designed to assess access to care by latino immigrant populations in the new york area. a qualitative approach and methods were employed, involving focus groups with plwas (persons living with aids) and affected men and women from mexico, the dominican republic and central america to explore the perceptions, beliefs, experiences and knowledge of hiv care issues. a total of 57 men and women participated, ranging in age from 19-61. results included detailed informati ...	2004	15203412
sampling-dependent up-regulation of gene expression in sequential samples of human airway epithelial cells.	as part of a study of in vivo gene expression levels in the human airway epithelium in response to chronic cigarette smoking, we have identified a number of genes whose expression levels are altered in a time-dependent fashion resulting from the procedure used to sample epithelial cells. fiberoptic bronchoscopy and airway epithelium brushing were used to obtain independent samples from a single individual, 1st from the right lung, followed by sampling of the left lung. we observed that a specifi ...	2003	15208741
antibiotic susceptibilities of anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophilum strains from various geographic areas in the united states.	we tested the antibiotic susceptibilities of eight strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum (the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) collected in various geographic areas of the united states, including minnesota, wisconsin, california, and new york. the results are homogeneous and show that doxycycline, rifampin, and levofloxacin are the most active antibiotics against these strains in vitro.	2003	12499227
implementation of expedited human immunodeficiency virus testing of women delivering infants in a large new york city hospital.	since august 1999, new york has required expedited human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing of pregnant women in labor or their newborns, with results available within 48 hours if no intrapregnancy test result was available. we documented the frequency and circumstances of expedited hiv testing, the time required for a result to be available, and hospital factors associated with different intervals.	2003	12738161
first detection of microsporidia in dairy calves in north america.	fecal specimens were obtained from a total of 413 dairy calves from farms in vermont, new york, pennsylvania, maryland, virginia, north carolina, and florida. after removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, specimens were examined by fluorescence microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and dna sequencing analysis for the presence of microsporidia. microscopic examination revealed no spores. pcr using generic primers for microsporidia revealed 70 positive calves ...	2003	12739131
scirrhous changes in dysplastic nodules do not indicate high-grade status.	dysplastic nodules (dn) may be divided into high-grade and low-grade, and the former has been known as a precancerous or borderline lesion. recently many morphological characteristics concerning these types of dn have been reported. in the present study we attempted to evaluate the scirrhous change in dn as an indicative feature of high-grade dn, based on the morphological and cell-kinetic analyses using immunohistochemical stains for ki-67.	2003	12753147
complications of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in human immunodeficiency virus serodiscordant couples.	our experience with complications related to in vitro fertilization (ivf), particularly ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (ohss) and higher-order multiple gestations, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serodiscordant couples undergoing ivf with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) is presented.	2003	12756584
african american caregivers and hiv/aids formal resources.	the african american community continues to be disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) in many ways. in addition to the prevalence rates of the disease in the community, caregivers of people living with hiv/aids continue to be challenged as they strive to provide care and support to love ones. the purpose of this pilot study is to explore how african american caregivers of adults living with hiv/aids engage available formal r ...	2003	12760121
dead bird clusters as an early warning system for west nile virus activity.	an early warning system for west nile virus (wnv) outbreaks could provide a basis for targeted public education and surveillance activities as well as more timely larval and adult mosquito control. we adapted the spatial scan statistic for prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks, applied the results to data on dead birds reported from new york city in 2000, and reviewed its utility in providing an early warning of wnv activity in 2001. prospective geographic cluster analysis of dea ...	2003	12781002
molecular subtyping to detect human listeriosis clusters.	we analyzed the diversity (simpson's index, d) and distribution of listeria monocytogenes in human listeriosis cases in new york state (excluding new york city) from november 1996 to june 2000 by using automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we applied a scan statistic (p<or=0.05) to detect listeriosis clusters caused by a specific listeria monocytogenes subtype. among 131 human isolates, 34 (d=0.923) ribotypes and 74 (d=0.975) pfge types were found. nine (31% of cases) ...	2003	12781006
improving adolescent preventive services through state, managed care, and community partnerships.	to develop and evaluate a multipronged, guideline-based initiative to improve quality of adolescent preventive care.	2003	12782447
organochlorines, lead, and mercury in akwesasne mohawk youth.	most humans have detectable body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), hexachlorobenzene (hcb), and p,p'-dichlorophenyldichloroethylene p,p'-dde), a metabolite of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt). native american communities may be at increased risk of exposure through subsistence-based diets and greater physical contact with contaminated soil and water. in this article we describe the levels of toxicants (pcbs, p,p'-dde, hcb, mirex, lead, and mercury) among youth 10-17 years ol ...	2003	12782498
use of ambulance dispatch data as an early warning system for communitywide influenzalike illness, new york city.	in 1998, the new york city department of health and the mayor's office of emergency management began monitoring the volume of ambulance dispatch calls as a surveillance tool for biologic terrorism. we adapted statistical techniques designed to measure excess influenza mortality and applied them to outbreak detection using ambulance dispatch data. since 1999, we have been performing serial daily regressions to determine the alarm threshold for the current day. in this article, we evaluate this ap ...	2003	12791778
clinical evaluation of the emergency medical services (ems) ambulance dispatch-based syndromic surveillance system, new york city.	since 1998, the new york city department of health has used new york city emergency medical services (ems) ambulance dispatch data to monitor for a communitywide rise in influenzalike illness (ili) as an early detection system for bioterrorism. a clinical validation study was conducted during peak influenza season at six new york city emergency departments (eds) to compare patients with ili brought in by ambulance with other patients to examine potential biases associated with ambulance dispatch ...	2003	12791779
from dust to dust: ethical and practical issues involved in the location, exhumation, and identification of bodies from mass graves.	there are many potential purposes served by the investigation of human remains: criminal fact-finding, archaeological exploration, forensic research, and others. this paper focuses on the identification of remains from mass graves to find missing persons. the primary goal of such efforts is to honor the memory of the dead by bringing closure to living family members, thus supporting the human rights of both the living and the deceased. cultures, customs, political, and interpersonal specifics wi ...	2003	12808715
world trade center human identification project: experiences with individual body identification cases.	to present individual body identification efforts, as part of the world trade center (wtc) mass disaster identification project.	2003	12808716
molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in north america and asia.	potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the pacific, atlantic, and gulf coasts of the united states and from clinical sources in asia. the food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using dna probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. the clinical isolates from the ...	2003	12839774
cognitive processes underlying human mate choice: the relationship between self-perception and mate preference in western society.	this study tested two hypotheses concerning the cognitive processes underlying human mate choice in western society: (i) mate preference is conditional in that the selectivity of individuals' mate preference is based on their perception of themselves as long-term partners, and (ii) the decision rule governing such conditional mate preference is based on translating perception of oneself on a given attribute into a comparable selectivity of preference for the same attribute in a mate. both hypoth ...	2003	12843405
hiv sexual risk behavior among puerto rican women.	we examined the association of primary or nonprimary sexual partner relationship status on sexual risk behaviors, including condom use, among latina women who are at self-disclosed increased heterosexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. data were collected via structured interviews of 187 puerto rican women, aged 18-35, who attended a health clinic in the bronx, new york. approximately 13% of participants reported sexual activities with both primary and nonprimary sexual pa ...	2003	12851172
detection of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) tax sequences in new york city blood donors seronegative for htlv types 1 and 2.	a potential public health concern is the reported detection of the human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) tax gene in the lymphocytes of up to 11% of a low-risk group of new york city blood donors (nybd). this study aimed to independently confirm the prevalence of htlv tax sequences in 293 nybd. all nybd tested negative for antibodies to htlv types 1 and 2 and htlv tax. htlv tax sequences were not detected in the nybd lymphocytes. these data demonstrate the lack of htlv-1 tax in this group of nybd at ...	2003	12853410
persistence of a highly resistant strain of tuberculosis in new york city during 1990-1999.	one multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mdrtb) strain, strain w, caused several nosocomial outbreaks in new york city (nyc) during 1 january 1990-31 july 1993. we reviewed all mdrtb cases verified during 1 august 1993-31 december 1999 that had isolates with either this dna pattern or a variant of this strain, and we compared them to the outbreak cases. of 427 dna-confirmed cases from 1990-1999, 161 (37%) were from 1 august 1993-31 december 1999; these 161 cases, from 56 hospitals and ...	2003	12870116
frequency of and outcome of acute coronary syndromes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	fifty-one patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acute coronary syndromes were identified. nearly all patients (98%) had traditional coronary risk factors. revascularization procedures were performed safely with low in-hospital mortality.	2003	12888138
discrimination of west nile virus and japanese encephalitis virus strains using rt-pcr rflp analysis.	west nile (wn) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that induces lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. since an outbreak of wn encephalitis in humans and horses occurred in new york city in late august 1999, the possibility exists that wn virus will invade regions that have close links with the united states, such as japan. we developed a genetic diagnostic method that discriminates between strains of wn virus and japanese encephalitis (je) virus. the method involves rt-pcr restriction fragm ...	2003	12906104
the education and medical practice of dr. james mccune smith (1813-1865), first black american to hold a medical degree.	james mccune smith (1813-1865)--first black american to obtain a medical degree, prominent abolitionist and suffragist, compassionate physician, prolific writer, and public intellectual--has been relatively neglected by historians of medicine. no biography of smith exists to this day, though he has been the subject of several essays. born, in his own words, "the son of a self-emancipated bond-woman," and denied admission to colleges in the united states, his native land, smith earned medical, ma ...	2003	12911258
[antonio hernández. human profile of the activist. interview by josé maría medellín].		2003	12929676
preventing hiv in injection drug users: choosing the best mix of interventions for the population.	injection drug users (idus) transmit the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) via both needle sharing and sex. this analysis explores the effects of population risk behaviors, intervention effectiveness, intervention costs, and budget and capacity constraints when allocating funds between two prevention programs to maximize effectiveness. the two interventions, methadone maintenance and street outreach, address different types of risk behavior. we developed a model of the spread of hiv and divided ...	2003	12930884
attitudes about combination hiv therapies: the next generation of gay men at risk.	this study examined awareness of and attitudes about highly active antiretroviral therapies (haarts) among adolescent and young men who have sex with men (msm). as part of the multisite young men's survey, 813 msm aged 15-22 years who attended public venues in two cities were questioned about haart in 1997-1998. overall, 45.1% had heard of haart, 61.6% in seattle, washington, and 35.0% in new york city. msm in new york city who were the youngest, men of color, men who were human immunodeficiency ...	2003	12930887
living donor liver transplantation--overview after 178 cases.		2003	12947822
west nile virus in the united states: an update on an emerging infectious disease.	west nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus and human neuropathogen. since the virus was recognized in new york city in 1999, it has spread rapidly across the united states, with human disease documented in 39 states and the district of columbia. west nile virus can cause a broad range of clinical syndromes, including fever, meningitis, encephalitis, and a flaccid paralysis characteristic of a poliomyelitis-like syndrome. approximately one in 150 infections results in severe neurologic illnes ...	2003	12952382
terrorism and the international classification of functioning, disability and health: a speculative case study based on the terrorist attacks on new york and washington.	to argue that there is a need for a standard classification of functional status to track the consequences of large scale human disasters, such as the terrorist attacks on new york and washington on september 11, 2001; and that the world health organization's international classification of functioning, disability, and health (icf) can meet that need.	2003	12959338
west nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention.	west nile virus was recognized in the united states for the first time in 1999, when it caused an epidemic of encephalitis and meningitis in new york city, ny. since then, the disease has been steadily moving westward, and human cases were recognized in 39 states and the district of columbia in 2002. the infection is caused by a flavivirus that is transmitted from birds to humans through the bite of culicine mosquitoes. most infections are mild, with symptoms primarily being fever, headache, and ...	2003	12962168
a 'perfect day' in ambulatory care. case study: a work redesign method to improve access.	a nationwide network of community-owned health systems and their physicians invited several health care practices in new york to participate in a collaborative effort to explore advanced-access scheduling to improve same-day appointment availability. roswell park cancer institute, buffalo, accepted.	2003	12602197
development under extreme conditions: forensic bioinformatics in the wake of the world trade center disaster.	the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001 resulted in death and devastation in three locations, and extraordinary efforts have been exerted to identify the remains of all victims. as mass fatalities go, this one has been unusual at a policy level because the goal has been not merely to identify remains for every decedent, but to identify every bit of remains found so that even small pieces of tissue can be returned to families for burial. while the human impact at the pentagon and shanksville, ...	2003	12603064
teaching holistic child health promotion using watson's theory of human science and human care.	"preservation and advancement of human care is a critical issue for nursing today in our increasingly depersonalized society. the mandate for nursing within science as well as within society is a demand for cherishing of the wholeness of human personality" (watson, 1999, p. 29). children today are being faced with having to deal with this societal "depersonalization." how children grow up to perceive themselves and others is crucial in developing future adults who genuinely care about themselves ...	2003	12610790
adherence to hiv medications in a cohort of men who have sex with men: impact of september 11th.	adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) regimens remains a challenge for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). severe traumas like that of september 11, 2001, can exacerbate the difficulties already associated with adherence. a community-based sample of 68 hiv-seropositive men who have sex with men (msm) living in new york city who were on protease inhibitor haart regimens completed quantitative assessments to examine adherence in the aftermath of september 11t ...	2003	12612105
variability in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus infection among young injecting drug users in new york city.	cohort studies of young (aged 18-30 years) injecting drug users recruited in 1997-1999 in the harlem and lower east side areas of new york city, new york, were used to assess the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). the authors found that hiv incidence was low at both sites: 0.8/100 person-years at the harlem site and 0/100 person-years at the lower east side site. in contrast, hbv incidence was moderate (12.2/100 person-years) at ...	2003	12615611
incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: risk factors and severity.	to examine risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	2003	12636961
migratory birds and west nile virus.	west nile virus was first recorded in the new world during august 1999 in new york city. aetiology of the disease in the old world indicated birds as the likely introductory and amplifying hosts with ornithophilous mosquitoes, e.g. culex pipiens, as the principal vectors. speculation regarding likely agents for movement of the virus in its new environment focused on migratory birds, but evidence to date is equivocal. while spread of the disease has been fairly rapid, at a rate of roughly 70 km a ...	2003	12675936