Publications

who works in addictions treatment services? some results from an ontario survey.	this paper summarizes results from a survey of staff of specialized addiction treatment agencies in ontario and includes information on demographic characteristics, education and related issues for those working in different types of agencies. across all agencies 80% of staff had some sort of post secondary academic qualification and the majority reported taking professional development courses in the previous 12 months. however, only 20% of all respondents were "certified" as either an addictio ...	2001	11795581
minimal risk and its implications. proceedings of the ncehr national workshop on minimal risk, march 31-april 1, 2000 held in ottawa, ontario, canada.		2001	15540386
identifying and prioritizing gaming workers' health and safety concerns using mapping for data collection.	this research was prompted by the clinical presentation of workers from a variety of gaming occupations with injuries and illnesses and multiple health and safety concerns.	2001	11148014
elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario.	the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ...	2001	11272485
genes and environment in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in aboriginal canadians.	the incidence of coronary heart disease (chd) among aboriginal people in northern ontario has tripled over the past 20 years. this is inextricably linked to the remarkably high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these native communities. approximately 40% of the oji-cree of northern ontario have typical obesity-related type 2 diabetes, which represents a drastic increase from virtually unreportable levels 50 years ago. the oji-cree have a private mutation in the hnf1a gene, namely g319s, which is ...	2001	11286643
epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals.	patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive are predisposed to the development of infections including tinea pedis and onychomycosis. while smaller studies have been reported, there has been no large study evaluating the prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals, or comparing the development of onychomycosis in a typical temperate area with that in a typical tropical area.	2000	11095193
linkage of the dopamine d4 receptor gene and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.	there is considerable evidence supporting a genetic component in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd). because stimulant medications act primarily on the dopaminergic system, dopamine system genes are prime candidates for genetic susceptibility factors for adhd. previous studies by several groups have observed a significant association of adhd and an allele with 7 copies of the 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the dopamine d4 receptor.	2000	11128331
a quantitative ranking of canada's research output of original human studies for the decade 1989 to 1998.	since 1987 research articles have been catalogued with the author's affiliation address in the 40 databases of the medical literature analysis and retrieval system (medlars) of the national library of medicine, bethesda, md. the present study was conducted to examine the canadian entries in medlars to interpret past and future trends and to combine the medlars demographic data with data from other sources to rank canadian research output of human studies both nationally and internationally.	2000	11216196
polycystic ovary disease and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.	to compare the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in patients with and without polycystic ovary disease (pcod).	2000	11153260
knowledge about human papillomavirus among adolescents.	to assess knowledge of human papillomavirus (hpv) among high school-aged adolescents.	2000	11042295
predictors of owner response to companion animal death in 177 clients from 14 practices in ontario.	to identify predictors of grief and client desires and needs as they relate to pet death.	2000	11061379
zanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza a in a nursing home.	to describe the use of zanamivir during an influenza a outbreak.	2000	11089653
limbs found in water: investigation using anthropological analysis and the diatom test.	we report the investigation, using a multi-disciplinary approach, of five cases of dismembered limbs which were recovered from lake ontario, lake erie and the niagara river, and examined at the office of the chief coroner for ontario. in all cases, postmortem examination revealed that the limbs had been disarticulated in the postmortem period, by non-human taphonomic processes. in addition to routine gross examination, the femur and/or tibia were assessed using anthropological methods to give es ...	2000	10882826
an outbreak of human blastomycosis: the epidemiology of blastomycosis in the kenora catchment region of ontario, canada.		2000	10893821
planning for cardiac surgical services: advice from an ontario consensus panel. for the consensus panel on cardiac surgical services in ontario and the steering committee of the cardiac care network of ontario.	the cardiac care network of ontario (ccn) consensus panel on cardiac surgical services drew on the literature and its own expertise to recommend guidelines for expanding services. this report, which is not an official position paper of the canadian cardiovascular society, presents these recommendations. rates of surgery are linked to diagnostic capacity, requiring increases in interventional therapies to match increases in invasive diagnostic activity. for quality and efficiency, panel members r ...	2000	10863168
biographical sketch of kenneth g. mckenzie (1892-1964).	this article is an expanded version of the opening address dr. morley delivered at a university of toronto symposium, "seventy-five years of neurosurgery in canada," celebrating the 75th anniversary of the appointment of kenneth g. mckenzie, canada's first career neurosurgeon, to the university of toronto and the toronto general hospital in 1923. kenneth g. mckenzie (1892-1964) was the first surgeon in canada to limit his practice to neurosurgery. this article contains a brief biographical study ...	2000	10969961
prevalence and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women in ontario, canada. survey of hpv in ontario women (show) group.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is thought to be the primary cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. we determined the age-specific prevalence of hpv infection and its risk factors in ontario women.	2000	11006760
income differences in persons seeking outpatient treatment for mental disorders: a comparison of the united states with ontario and the netherlands.	variations in the relationships among income, use of mental health services, and sector of care are examined by comparing data from 3 countries that differ in the organization and financing of mental health services.	2000	10768701
presentation to the standing committee on health, ottawa, december 7, 1999.		2000	15468469
court rejects appeal for safe supply of medical marijuana.	as previously reported, in a may 1999 decision in wakeford v canada, the ontario superior court of justice granted an hiv-positive man an "interim constitutional exemption" from the provisions in the controlled drugs and substances act that make it an offence to possess or to produce or cultivate marijuana.	2000	11833206
the economic value of a new insulin preparation, humalog mix 25. measured by a willingness-to-pay approach.	to measure the economic value of a new insulin formulation consisting of rapid-acting insulin lispro and intermediate-acting neutral protamine lispro in a 25:75 ratio (humalog mix 25).	2000	11147394
birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.	corticosteroids are first-line drugs for the treatment of a variety of conditions in women of childbearing age. information regarding human pregnancy outcome with corticosteroids is limited.	2000	11091360
familial resemblance for physique: heritabilities for somatotype components.	to examine familial resemblance in the heath-carter anthropometric somatotype in a sample of 328 participants from 103 nuclear families in northern ontario (canada).	2000	11023117
optimizing technologies in nurse practitioner education.	a provincial educational programme was launched in 1995 for primary-care nurse practitioners. a consortium of ontario university schools of nursing joined forces to provide a single, standardized educational programme at all 10 sites in both official languages. this demanding, clinically focused educational initiative required better access, support and efficiencies than could be provided by print copies and videoconferences alone. the development of a password-protected website allowed equal ac ...	2000	10975092
the application of ontario human rights legislation to the practice of occupational medicine.	although human rights legislation has important implications for occupational physicians, these implications may be overlooked in the practice of occupational medicine in other countries where human rights legislation may be different. the potential for significant oversights becomes greater as organizations continue to centralize international business support functions, such as occupational health services, operating from a single site. human rights legislation has important implications with ...	2000	10975134
influenza immunizations in the elderly: a continuous quality improvement project.	as part of the continuous quality improvement program at the toronto hospital's department of family & community medicine (tth-dfcm), it was considered necessary to examine the structures, processes and outcomes of influenza immunization for the elderly.	2000	10992747
measuring the impact of influenza on the hospital admission rates of the elderly in ontario: a five-year admission rate analysis, 1988-1993.	a retrospective study was conducted to compare age- and sex-specific rates of hospital admission of the elderly in ontario for five influenza seasons from 1988-1993 for pneumonia, congestive heart failure and chronic respiratory disease.	2000	10832182
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 p12a and type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	among the oji-cree of northern ontario, we previously identified a novel variant in the hnf1a gene, namely g319s, that was strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. however, the majority of subjects with diabetes did not have the hnf1a s319 variant, suggesting that there might be other genetic determinants of diabetes susceptibility. in the course of sequencing candidate genes in diabetic subjects who were homozygous for hnf1a g319/g319, we found that some of them had the pparg a12 variant. afte ...	2000	10843190
narratives of identity: re-presentation of self in people who are homeless.	the problem of homelessness is a pressing social and health concern ascribed to the interaction between personal, social, economic, and service system resources. the article is based on a qualitative study of the experiences of 29 homeless individuals. in-depth interviews were conducted with single adult shelter users. analysis revealed the self to be a process that was continually developing. participants tacitly locate their self-concepts in the past, present, and future. these time frames ref ...	2000	10724750
nat2 polymorphism associated with plasma glucose concentration in canadian oji-cree.	the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree of northern ontario is among the highest of any population in the world. we previously demonstrated that markers d8s264 and d22s683 were both linked and associated with type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree. among the possible candidate genes for type 2 diabetes and related traits on chromosomes 8p and 22q were nat2 and cyp2d6, respectively. we thus explored the possible association of nat2 and cyp2d6 alleles and diabetes-related traits in a sample of ...	2000	10803679
the private hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha g319s variant is associated with plasma lipoprotein variation in canadian oji-cree.	we previously showed an extremely strong association between type 2 diabetes and a private polymorphism, namely g319s, in the hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor (hnf)-1alpha. because hnf-1alpha is involved in the transcription of several apolipoprotein genes, we tested for an association between the private hnf1a g319s variant and plasma lipoproteins in a sample of 55 unrelated oji-cree subjects with type 2 diabetes and 175 unrelated oji-cree subjects without type 2 diabetes. in oji-cree su ...	2000	10634821
inherited predisposition to pancreatic adenocarcinoma: role of family history and germ-line p16, brca1, and brca2 mutations.	susceptibility to pancreatic adenocarcinoma appears to be linked to germ-line mutations in genes causing various familial cancer syndromes. the objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of unselected pancreatic cancer patients belonging to hereditary cancer syndrome families and to determine the frequency ofp16, brca1, brca2, hmsh2, and hmlh1 germ-line mutations in patients with a personal or family history of cancer. the study population consisted of 102 patients with histologica ...	2000	10667595
leukemia after exposure to benzene: temporal trends and implications for standards.	benzene is a human leukemogen. risk assessment, and the setting of occupational and environmental standards, has assumed that risk is constant in time after a unit of exposure. leukemia risk is known to vary with time after exposure to ionizing radiation.	2000	10861761
parental consumption of contaminated sport fish from lake ontario and predicted fecundability.	wildlife studies suggest that consumption of contaminated fish from the great lakes may expose humans to polychlorinated biphenyls and persistent chlorinated pesticides. to assess whether time to pregnancy or fecundability is affected, we conducted a telephone survey in 1993 with female members of the new york state angler cohort study who were considering pregnancy between 1991 and 1994 (n = 2,445). among the 1,234 (50%) women who became pregnant, 895 (73%) had a known time to pregnancy. upon e ...	2000	10874544
thrombolysis in the air. air-ambulance paramedics flying to remote communities treat patients before hospitalization.	first nations* communities in the north have a high prevalence of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes and face an increasing incidence of myocardial infarction (mi). many conditions delay timely administration of thrombolysis, including long times between when patients first experience symptoms and when they present to community nursing stations, delays in air transfers to treating hospitals, uncertainty about when planes are available, and poor flying conditions.	2000	10907571
gender, obesity, hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha g319s and the age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	among the oji-cree of northern ontario, women have both a higher prevalence and an earlier onset of type 2 diabetes compared to men. we studied the relationship between hnf1a s319 and both the presence of and the age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes in women and men separately. we found that: 1) in women, there was a significant difference in the mean age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes according to hnf1a genotype; and 2) in men, there was no difference in the mean age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes accordi ...	2000	10951547
between the laboratory, the school, and the community: the psychology of human development, toronto, 1916-1956.	in the twentieth century, canadian psychologists have been involved with the educational system and the community at several points in time. in this article, the psychology of human development as developed at the department of psychology at the university of toronto from 1916 to 1956 is investigated. in a variety of projects, the mental health of children was investigated in educational settings while measures were designed and tested to prevent maladjustment and to promote mental health. initi ...	2000	11381728
ontario adopts policy on discrimination based on gender identity.	on 30 march 2000, as a follow-up to a discussion/consultation paper on gender identity, the ontario human rights commission approved a "policy on discrimination and harassment because of gender identity."	2000	11833157
criminalization of assisted suicide challenged.	in september 1999, jim wakeford, a toronto man with hiv/aids, launched a civil action against the attorney general of canada, challenging the constitutionality of sections of the criminal code that criminalize assisted suicide.	1999	11868549
newman's theory of health applied in family caregiving in canada.	this study was conducted using an innovative mode of heuristic inquiry within the context of newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness. twelve caregiving families of persons who were diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the study. in accordance with newman's theory of health as praxis, the majority of the participants in the study recognized their patterns of the whole. as a result, they reported understanding and acceptance of their relative's mental illness.	1999	11847656
allegations of hiv infection raised in criminal trial of escort agency owner.	at the beginning of october 1999, a toronto man who owned an escort agency went to trial in the ontario superior court of justice on numerous charges of living off the avails of prostitution and procuring for the purpose of prostitution. on the first day of trial, the prosecutor indicated he would be introducing evidence suggesting that three of the women who worked as escorts for mark lucacko's agency may be hiv-positive.	1999	11868553
legal, ethical, and human rights issues facing east and southeast asian-canadians.	in the last issue of the newsletter, we reported about a project on hiv/aids and discrimination in south asian communities in canada, undertaken by the toronto-based alliance for south asian aids prevention (asap). in this issue, we report about another project focusing on issues of discrimination in ethnocultural communities in canada: a project on legal, ethical, and human rights issues facing east and southeast asian-canadians, undertaken by a toronto-based aids-service organization, the asia ...	1999	11868556
the economic consequences of smoking in ontario.	smoking causes health and social problems such as sickness, death, fire, injury, pain and suffering. this paper provides an estimate of the economic burden imposed by the adverse health and social consequences of smoking in ontario in 1992. the cost-of-illness method, in particular, the human-capital approach is used to estimate the prevalence-based economic costs of smoking. the direct and indirect components of smoking-related costs are estimated and the total cost in ontario is us$2.91 billio ...	1999	10094843
george fulford and victorian patent medicine men: quack mercenaries or smilesian entrepreneurs?	in the early twentieth century, a time when patent medicine men were stereotyped as evil and dishonest, g. t. fulford of brockville, ontario made his fortune from an iron pill called dr. williams' pink pills for pale people. once successful, fulford remained in brockville where he served on the town council and gave generously to charities. in 1900 he was appointed by laurier to the senate. when he died in 1905 he was remembered as a kind and ethical man. his story, like that of several other pr ...	1999	14531402
gender and income in pharmacy: human capital and gender stratification theories revisited.	this is a case study of gender and earnings in pharmacy--a profession characterized by its rapid recruitment of female practitioners. we try to account for disparities in earnings between male and female pharmacists in ontario with the aid of human capital theory and gender stratification theory. data is drawn from a random sample of 463 ontario pharmacists. we find a consistent sex gap in earnings regardless of occupational level of practitioners (i.e. owner, manager or employee) and net of suc ...	1999	15266676
determining ontario's supply and requirements for ophthalmologists in 2000 and 2005: 1. methods.	we performed a study to determine the supply of and requirements for ophthalmologists in ontario in 2000 and 2005. in this paper we describe our methods.	1999	10321317
morbidity and mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus in canadian men and women, 1987-94.	to assess the impact of hiv/aids on hospitalization and mortality patterns in canada.	1999	10349221
temporal and geographical distributions of reported cases of escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in ontario.	the distribution of 3001 cases of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) reported in the province of ontario, canada, were examined to describe the magnitude of this condition geographically and to evaluate the spatial relationship between livestock density and human vtec incidence using a geographical information system. incidence of vtec cases had a marked seasonal pattern with peaks in july. areas with a relatively high incidence of vtec cases were situated predominantly in areas of mixed ...	1999	10355782
the urology work force in ontario for the 21st century: feast or famine?	to address the issues of work-force planning and modelling in the 21st century for the specialty of urology in the province of ontario.	1999	10372014
the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma mansoni: case report and discussion.	a 26-year-old brazilian man was admitted to the toronto hospital with a headache and visual scintillation. his last travel to brazil was five years previously. a computed tomography (ct) scan of the head showed an occipital mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. occipital brain biopsy revealed schistosoma mansoni eggs. the patient was treated with two doses of praziquantel (20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (10 mg). his symptoms and occipital mass resolved. cerebral schistosomiasis is, in part, caused ...	1999	10432054
molecular typing methods to investigate transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 from cattle to humans.	the utility of phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and plasmid profile analysis was compared, to differentiate between canadian escherichia coli o157:h7 strains of human (n = 27) and cattle (n = 24) origin. the diversity indices for phage typing, plasmid analysis and pfge were 0.85, 0.69 and 0.93, respectively. pfge and phage typing were also applied to study the role of direct transmission of e. coli o157:h7 from cattle to humans on isolates collected from two separate farm o ...	1999	10487637
environmental tobacco smoke exposure patterns: a subanalysis of the canadian human time-activity pattern survey.	this subanalysis of the canadian human activity pattern survey examines environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposure in non-smoking respondents relative to age, sex, socioeconomic status and prevalence of asthma. 2,381 respondents (response rate 64.5%) from toronto, vancouver, edmonton and saint john completed a 24-hour recall time-activity diary. for each activity and location, respondents were asked, "was there any smoking during the activity?" among non-smoking adults, youth, children and asthm ...	1999	10489721
toronto street youth and hiv/aids: prevalence, demographics, and risks.	the purposes of this study were: (a) to identify human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence in toronto street youth through paired blood and saliva specimens; (b) to identify the hiv risk and prevention behaviors of street involved youth; and (c) to identify demographic or other factors that may contribute to the risk of street youth becoming infected with hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the future.	1999	10551667
the hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha g319s variant is associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	mutations in the gene encoding hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha (hnf-1alpha) have been found in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. we identified a new variant in the hnf-1alpha gene, namely g319s, in ontario oji-cree with type 2 diabetes. g319s is within the proline ii-rich domain of the trans-activation site of hnf-1alpha and alters a glycine residue that is conserved throughout evolution. s319 was absent from 990 alleles taken from subjects representing six other ethnic groups, s ...	1999	10084598
relation of lake ontario fish consumption, lifetime lactation, and parity to breast milk polychlorobiphenyl and pesticide concentrations.	lactating female members and spouses of male members of the new york state angler cohort who agreed to provide breast milk samples were the subjects of this study. questionnaires were provided to participants focusing on lake ontario fish consumption, reproductive history, and lactation history. milk samples were analyzed for 77 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) congeners, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (dde), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), hexachlorobenzene ...	1999	10092430
an assessment of the environmental fate and exposure of benzene and the chlorobenzenes in canada.	systematic modelling of the fate of benzene and the chlorobenzenes is presented which follows a four-stage process of chemical classification, quantifying discharge rates and environmental concentrations, evaluative assessment of fate and regional mass balance modelling has been carried out for the southern ontario region. the eqc model was applied to determine the principal transport and transformation processes experienced by this group of chemicals, which vary considerably in volatility and h ...	1999	10101848
human resource issues: a comparison by region.		1999	10635151
genome-wide scanning for type 2 diabetes susceptibility in canadian oji-cree, using 190 microsatellite markers.	we undertook a genome-wide scan using 190 markers with an average separation of 20 cm in 49 canadian oji-cree sib pairs affected with type 2 diabetes. four of these markers, one each on chromosomes 6, 8, 16, and 22, showed both suggestive linkage and suggestive association with type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree. none of these markers corresponded to any chromosomal region or marker that has so far been linked with type 2 diabetes in other populations. thus, there might be several genetic loci that ...	1999	9929969
cold/flu knowledge, attitudes and health care practices: results of a two-city telephone survey.	the purpose of this paper is to describe knowledge, attitudes and practices of cold and flu self-care and health care utilization, and to identify the predictors of health care utilization for the cold and flu among residents of london and windsor. using a random digit dialing survey method, 417 residents were interviewed between november-december, 1993 and february-march, 1994. this survey revealed good knowledge about colds and flu and understanding of appropriate physician visits. only seven ...	1999	10401174
the add1 g460w polymorphism is not associated with variation in blood pressure in canadian oji-cree.	since adducin modulates cellular sodium retention, its follows that add1, which encodes the alpha-subunit of adducin, is an attractive candidate gene for blood pressure variation. association studies examining the relationship between polymorphism at add1 codon 460 (g460w) and both hypertension and blood pressure, which were performed in a variety of human population samples derived from different genetic backgrounds, have given inconsistent results. we examined the association between the add1 ...	1999	10429360
my aching back. the effects of system status management & ambulance design on ems personnel.		1999	10557811
laboratory medicine in ontario: its downsizing and the consequences on quality.	health care in ontario consumes 35% of provincial government annual revenues. fiscal constraint mandates restructuring of health services to maintain a fully, publicly-funded universally-accessible health system that is patient-focussed and health-outcome driven. acute-care hospital restructuring under the authority of the health services restructuring commission and primary health-care reform characterise present government initiatives. laboratory medicine services at about can $1 billion annua ...	1999	10585512
common colds. reported patterns of self-care and health care use.	to describe the self-reported prevalence and patterns of self-care and health care use for colds and flu.	1999	10587772
canadian case questions funding.		1999	9880270
time-series analysis of the relation between influenza virus and hospital admissions of the elderly in ontario, canada, for pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure.	this study examined the relation between the presence of circulating influenza virus and all hospital admissions of people over age 65 years in ontario, canada, for pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and chronic lung disease in 1988-1993. autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) transfer function models were used to perform a time-series analysis. these models were compared with simple cross correlations by using pearson's product moment correlation. the results showed statistically si ...	1999	9883797
a new model of advance care planning: observations from people with hiv.	although theoretical concepts from ethics and law have been applied, there is no conceptual model of advance care planning rooted in the perspective of individuals engaged in it.	1999	9892336
assessing environmental exposure to pcbs among mohawks at akwesasne through the use of geostatistical methods.	the mohawk nation at akwesasne is a native american community located along the st. lawrence river in new york state, ontario, and quebec. one component of a multiphase human health study was to assess the impact of different pathways of human exposure resulting from the off-site migration of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) contamination in this area. this paper illustrates how mapped residential information and environmental sampling data can be united to assist in exposure assessment for epidem ...	1999	10092433
independent review adds to controversy at sick kids.		1999	10065085
two quantitative methods for rib seriation in human skeletal remains.	accurate rib sequencing is of importance to both forensic anthropologists and human osteologists, but until recently there have been few traits used to aid in the seriation of ribs within a human burial. this study examines two measurements (head to tubercle length and superior costotransverse ligament crest height) for the purpose of aiding rib identification and seriation in human skeletal remains. a sample of 344 ribs from 43 individuals from the 19th century anglican church cemetery of st. t ...	1998	9456539
safe drinking water: a public health challenge.	disinfection of drinking water through processes including filtration and chlorination was one of the major achievements of public health, beginning in the late 1800s and the early 1900s. chloroform and other chlorination disinfection by-products (cbps) in drinking water were first reported in 1974. chloroform and several other cbps are known to cause cancer in experimental animals, and there is growing epidemiologic evidence of a causal role for cbps in human cancer, particularly for bladder ca ...	1998	9820833
survey of canadian human blood plasma for ochratoxin a.	blood plasma samples collected from 144 healthy volunteers in 16 locations across canada in 1994 were analysed for ochratoxin a (ota). the method of analysis included cleanup by c18 solid phase extraction and immunoaffinity columns followed by liquid chromatography (lc) with fluorescence detection, which gave 86.5% (s.d. = 9.7) recovery (n = 31) of ota (added at 2 ng/ml) with a detection limit of 0.15 ng/ml. the arithmetic mean concentration found in the plasma samples, corrected for volume of a ...	1998	9829040
caged amphibian tadpoles and in situ genotoxicity monitoring of aquatic environments with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay.	in previous studies we demonstrated that indigenous amphibian tadpoles are suitable organisms for monitoring small bodies of water (e.g., creeks, ponds, and drainage ditches) using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (scg) or 'comet' assay. this approach involves detection, under alkaline conditions, of cell dna fragments which on electrophoresis migrate from the nuclear core, resulting in a 'comet with tail' formation. however, although often plentiful, tadpoles are not present in all ...	1998	9651536
physicians' attire as perceived by young children and their parents: the myth of the white coat syndrome.	to determine if young children have a preference regarding whether physicians do or do not wear a white coat.	1998	9655662
an association between the common hereditary hemochromatosis mutation and the factor v leiden allele in a population with thrombosis.		1998	9694741
home care quality management. where are we now? where do we go from here?	this article is the first of a series of three focusing on key management processes in home care--quality management, financial and information management, and, service and human resource management. the articles examine the current state of practice in ontario and suggest a desirable future state. in this first article, home care is defined and a brief description is provided from a national and provincial perspective. quality is also defined and the drivers for quality in home care outlined. u ...	1998	9726177
north american liver fluke (metorchis conjunctus) in a canadian aboriginal population: a submerging human pathogen?		1998	9735521
halicephalobus gingivalis (stefanski, 1954) from a fatal infection in a horse in ontario, canada with comments on the validity of h. deletrix and a review of the genus.	although the original description given by stefanski (1954) was satisfactory, anderson & bemrick (1965), in describing h. deletrix (= micronema deletrix), claimed stefanski's description was "inadequate" and the species a "species inquirenda". thus, infections in horses and humans have been assigned to h. deletrix. we believe the species reported in horses and humans is h. gingivalis and that h. deletrix is its synonym. h. gingivalis is separated herein from forms found free-living. the genital ...	1998	9772725
human isolates of salmonella typhimurium dt104 in ontario.		1998	9553281
management of common musculoskeletal problems: a survey of ontario primary care physicians.	in canada, primary care physicians manage most musculoskeletal problems. however, their training in this area is limited, and some aspects of management may be suboptimal. this study was conducted to examine primary care physicians' management of 3 common musculoskeletal problems, ascertain the determinants of management and compare management with that recommended by a current practice panel.	1998	9580733
etiology of acute childhood encephalitis at the hospital for sick children, toronto, 1994-1995.	of 145 patients admitted to our hospital because of encephalitis-like illness, 50 patients hospitalized for > or =72 hours underwent standardized microbiological investigations. a confirmed or probable etiologic agent was identified in 20 cases (40%), including mycoplasma pneumoniae (9 cases). m. pneumoniae and enterovirus (2), herpes simplex virus (4), epstein-barr virus (1), human herpes-virus 6 (hhv-6) (1), hhv-6 and influenza virus type a (1), influenza virus type a (1), and powassan virus ( ...	1998	9502462
learning to support your work force in changing times.	this article looks at how one health care organization, the royal ottawa health care group, has taken a proactive approach to the human resource challenges associated with ongoing changes and transitions in the work place. the overriding objective has been to retain a stable, highly skilled and motivated work force, which is essential to providing quality care.	1998	10187661
the cost-effectiveness of routine pathology consultation in knee arthroscopy.	regulations in ontario, canada, as in most provinces and states in north america, require human tissues (with few exceptions) removed at surgery to be sent to a pathology laboratory for examination and report. we hypothesized that this practice is inconsistently followed and that routine pathological consultation is costly and rarely results in a change in treatment for patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. chiefs of pathology, orthopaedic surgeons, and orthopaedic operating room nurse managers ...	1998	9788364
prevalence of upper extremity symptoms and possible risk factors in workers handling paper currency.	the prevalence of upper extremity symptoms in the workforce is high, particularly in industries characterized by forceful, repetitive or awkward movements. a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of upper extremity symptoms in bank workers in a paper currency processing operation and to examine the role of possible risk factors for these complaints. thirty-nine workers of a total workforce of 47 were assessed with a questionnaire and physical examination. the questionnaire collected info ...	1998	9800421
g protein beta3 subunit gene variant and blood pressure variation in canadian oji-cree.	the subunits of the heterotrimeric g proteins are attractive candidate gene products for both susceptibility to essential hypertension and interindividual variation in blood pressure. there is alternative splicing of exon 9 of the gene encoding the beta3 subunit of heterotrimeric g proteins (gnb3) associated with a c-->t change at nucleotide 825, which activates a cryptic splice site. the 825t allele results in a gene product that is 41 amino acids smaller than the wild-type gene product. g prot ...	1998	9774364
twenty-five years of surveillance for contaminants in human breast milk.	to monitor the exposure of canadian populations, health canada has carried out six major surveys of breast milk contaminants, beginning in 1967. in these national surveys, breast milk was collected from nursing mothers at various times in their nursing period, and the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons were measured. there was a downward trend from 1967 to 1992, in the concentrations of organochlorine (oc) pesticides and polychorinated biphenyl hydrocarbons (pcbs). this regression was ob ...	1998	9776790
population genetic characteristics of the str loci d21s11 and fga in eight diverse human populations.	a highly polymorphic multiplex short tandem repeat (str) system composed of d21s11, fga, and the sex-typing system amelogenin (amg) has been used to investigate allele frequency distributions in two canadian caucasian samples (british columbia and alberta), three canadian aboriginal populations (coastal salishans from british columbia, ojibwa from northern ontario, and cree from saskatchewan), and three ethnic groups from singapore (chinese, malays, and asian indians). using the automated fluore ...	1998	9780514
psychological outcomes following maternal serum screening: a cohort study.	maternal serum screening is used to assist in the prenatal detection of congenital anomalies. its use is controversial, and one concern that has been expressed is its psychological effects on women. the authors examined whether this test leads to an increase in anxiety and depression among women who have a false-positive result as compared with those who have a true-negative result or do not undergo testing.	1998	9780964
the economic costs of alcohol abuse in ontario.	the abuse of alcohol causes health and social problems, such as sickness, death, injury, pain, suffering and crime. these harms impose an economic burden on society. resources are used or foregone as a consequence of alcohol abuse. this article provides an estimate of the economic cost of alcohol abuse in ontario in 1992. it uses the cost-of-illness method, in particular, the human-capital approach to estimate the prevalence-based economic costs of alcohol abuse. this methodology is consistent w ...	1998	9602474
elder abuse and one community's response.	elder abuse has come to be recognized as any act of both commission or omission that causes harm or loss to elderly people. this can include active or passive neglect, violence, sexual or emotional abuse, various kinds of theft, and deprivation of the person's human rights. elder abuse has many causes. the hastings and prince edward council on aging developed an elder abuse community response protocol to help address this problem.	1998	10185311
a single-primer pcr-based retroviral-related dna polymorphism shared by two distinct human populations.	almost 10% of the human genome consists of dna sequences that share homology with retroviruses. these sequences, which represent a stable component of the human genome (although some may retain the ability to transpose), remain poorly understood. we used degenerate primers specific to the two conserved regions (boxes 4 and 5) of the retroviral pol gene, common to all retroviruses, and pcr-amplified related sequences from individuals representing two distinct populations: caucasians and dogrib in ...	1998	9809437
variation in the au(at)-rich element within the 3'-untranslated region of ppp1r3 is associated with variation in plasma glucose in aboriginal canadians.	we are investigating associations between variations in candidate genes on chromosome 7q and diabetes-related phenotypes in canadian oji-cree. one of these genes encodes the skeletal muscle regulatory g subunit of the glycogen-associated form of protein phosphatase 1 (pppir3), which may play a key role in muscle glycogen metabolism. there is a common 5-bp insertion-deletion polymorphism in a messenger ribonucleic acid-stabilizing au(at)-rich element within the 3'-untranslated region (utr) of ppp ...	1998	9814479
provision of preventive care to unannounced standardized patients.	to examine the relation between physician, training and practice characteristics and the provision of preventive care as described in the guidelines of the canadian task force on the periodic health examination.	1998	9469139
empirical examination of the ability of children to consent to clinical research.	this study examined the quality of children's assent to a clinical trial. in subjects younger than 9 years of age, understanding of most aspects of the study was found to be poor to non-existent. understanding of procedures was poor in almost all subjects. in addition, voluntariness may have been compromised in many subjects by their belief that failure to complete the study would displease others. if the fact that a child's assent has been obtained is used to justify the exposure of that child ...	1998	9650109
evaluation of a cold/flu self-care public education campaign.	the purpose of the study was to evaluate an ontario ministry of health (moh) cold/flu self-care public education campaign to reduce unnecessary patient visits to doctors. the moh campaign consisted of an information booklet delivered to every household in an ontario city, newspaper ads and radio spots. the program ran during january-march 1994. the evaluation consisted of: (1) 2x2 telephone survey in london (experimental area) and windsor (comparison area), before and during the campaign; and (2 ...	1998	10178337
what factors influence primary care physicians' charges for their services? an exploratory study using standardized patients.	to determine the extent of variation in physicians' charges for health care encounters with unannounced standardized patients and factors associated with the variation.	1998	9469140
the economic costs of illicit drug use in ontario, 1992.	the use of illicit drugs causes health and social problems which imply economic costs to society. this paper uses the cost-of-illness method, in particular, the human-capital approach to estimate the prevalence-based economic costs of illicit drug use in ontario in 1992. this methodology is consistent with international guidelines formulated at the 1994 international symposium on economic and social costs of substance abuse. the economic cost of illicit drug use is estimated at $489.29 million ( ...	1998	9541086
absence of association between genetic variation of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and metabolic phenotypes in oji-cree.	to assess the association between the common missense variant, y64r, in the gene encoding the beta 3-adrenergic receptor, adrb3, and intermediate phenotypes related to obesity and niddm in canadian oji-cree.	1998	9589254
consensus-seeking roundtable on placebos in clinical research.		1998	15468464
canadian panel calls for review of drug-trial confidentiality agreements.		1998	11656958
trials sponsored by drug companies: review ordered.		1998	11645095