Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| pathology departments are still holding human tissue, report says. | 2008 | 18799524 | |
| memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection cross-react with avian influenza a (h5n1) in healthy individuals. | the threat of avian influenza a (h5n1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. an alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection that could cross-react with h5n1 by targeting highly conserved internal proteins. to determine how common cro ... | 2008 | 18802496 |
| common variation in the wnk1 gene and blood pressure in childhood: the avon longitudinal study of parents and children. | wnk1 gene variants have been associated with adult blood pressure. we aimed to investigate relationships between wnk1 variants and blood pressure, as well as blood pressure change with age, in a longitudinal childhood study. associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in wnk1 and blood pressure and the rate of blood pressure change between 7 and 11 years were examined in the avon longitudinal study of parent and children study (n=5326 for systolic blood pressure at 11 years). we observe ... | 2008 | 18809789 |
| treatment of altered body composition in hiv-associated lipodystrophy: comparison of rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and recombinant human growth hormone. | treatment options for hiv-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (hals) remain limited. the objective of this randomized open-label study was to compare three emerging therapies, rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and growth hormone alone and together, in men and women with hals. | 2008 | 18753120 |
| preparing for disaster: response matrices in the usa and uk. | disasters, whether man-made or naturally occurring, require complex responses across multiple government agencies and private sector elements, including the media. these factors mandate that, for effective disaster management and because of the unpredictability of such events, response structures must be in place in advance, ready to be activated on short notice, with lines of responsibility clearly delineated and mechanisms for coordination of efforts already established. disaster response expe ... | 2008 | 18756376 |
| phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic modification of p102l inherited prion disease in an international series. | the largest kindred with inherited prion disease p102l, historically gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome, originates from central england, with émigrés now resident in various parts of the english-speaking world. we have collected data from 84 patients in the large uk kindred and numerous small unrelated pedigrees to investigate phenotypic heterogeneity and modifying factors. this collection represents by far the largest series of p102l patients so far reported. microsatellite and genealogic ... | 2008 | 18757886 |
| a novel scheme for graft allocation in non-heart beating donor renal transplantation. | patients waiting more than 3 years for a renal transplant were ranked according to our novel bristol and region allocation by non-heart beating donor score (brands). one kidney from 40 non-heart beating donors was allocated to the highest brands long-waiter and the other kidney allocated according to the uk national allocation scheme (nas). the scheme reduced the number of patients waiting more than 3 years by 20%. despite longer dialysis time, greater sensitization and more human leukocyte anti ... | 2008 | 18551076 |
| health and human rights in sandwell and abroad. | 2008 | 18771189 | |
| securing health and human rights: sandwell's community health network. | minority communities face discrimination and abuse. the main health problems they face are those of severe and early chronic disease and poor well-being due to inequality in jobs, education and access to health care. the sandwell community health network provides support workers to six major minority groups in sandwell, providing information and access to skilled health services. without securing health as a basic right for our minorities we perpetuate divisions in our society which cause mistru ... | 2008 | 18771200 |
| children, young people and poverty in sandwell. | the un convention on the rights of the child applies to all children around the world. here in sandwell hearing the voice of children and young people has been instrumental in developing appropriate services for them. | 2008 | 18771201 |
| characterization of the vasodilatory action of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation. | to assess for the first time the vasodilatory effect of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation utilizing both isolated human pulmonary arteries and isolated perfused human lungs. in addition, a secondary aim was to determine whether there was any difference in the response to testosterone dependent upon gender. | 2008 | 19337559 |
| a forensic str profiling system for the eurasian badger: a framework for developing profiling systems for wildlife species. | developing short tandem repeat (str) profiling systems for forensic identification is complicated in animal species. obtaining a representative number of individuals from populations, limited access to family groups and a lack of developed str markers can make adhering to human forensic guidelines difficult. furthermore, a lack of animal specific guidelines may explain why many wildlife forensic str profiling systems developed to date have not appropriately addressed areas such as marker validat ... | 2008 | 19083789 |
| animal eggs for stem cell research: a path not worth taking. | in january 2008, the human fertilisation and embryology authority (hfea) (london, uk) issued two 1-year licenses for cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research. this article situates the hfea's decision in its wider scientific and political context in which, until quite recently, the debate about human embryonic stem cell research has focused narrowly on the moral status of the developing human embryo. next, ethical arguments against crossing species boundaries with humans are canvassed. finally, a new ... | 2008 | 19085470 |
| influenza vaccination coverage in england, 2000-2008. | 2008 | 19094912 | |
| correlates of parents' reports of acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccination for their school-aged children. | routine human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccination for 12-13-year-old girls will be introduced in the uk from september 2008. the aim of the present study was to identify correlates of parents' anticipated uptake of hpv vaccination for their sons and daughters. | 2008 | 19061552 |
| analysis of germline gli1 variation implicates hedgehog signalling in the regulation of intestinal inflammatory pathways. | ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd) are polygenic chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) of high prevalence that are associated with considerable morbidity. the hedgehog (hh) signalling pathway, which includes the transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (gli1), plays vital roles in gastrointestinal tract development, homeostasis, and malignancy. we identified a germline variation in gli1 (within the ibd2 linkage region, 12q13) in patients with ibd. since this ib ... | 2008 | 19071955 |
| the inventor of the divided airway. | 2008 | 19032273 | |
| genetic variation in stromal proteins decorin and lumican with breast cancer: investigations in two case-control studies. | the stroma is the supportive framework of biologic tissue in the breast, consisting of various proteins such as the proteoglycans, decorin and lumican. altered expression of decorin and lumican is associated with breast tumors. we hypothesized that genetic variation in the decorin (dcn) and lumican (lum) genes may contribute to breast cancer. | 2008 | 19036156 |
| infections detected in english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimated risk of undetected hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus. | infections can be transmitted through donated tissue products, such as femoral heads. here we describe infections detected through microbiological testing of english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimate the residual risk of infection. | 2008 | 19138256 |
| bipartisan politics and practical knowledge: advertising of public science in two london newspapers, 1695-1720. | this article explores the enticement of consumers for natural philosophy (buyers of books, audiences at public lectures and purchasers of instruments) in london between 1695 and 1720 through advertisements placed in two political newspapers. this twenty-five-year period witnessed both the birth of public science and the rage of party politics. a consideration of public science adverts within the whig-leaning post man and the tory-leaning post boy reveals that members of both the whig and tory pa ... | 2008 | 19391417 |
| immunophenotyping of lymphosarcoma in south american camelids on six british premises. | six cases of lymphosarcoma (lsa) in south american camelids (sacs) were selected from submissions to a diagnostic laboratory network servicing england and wales. immunophenotyping was carried out using anti-human cd3 and anti-human cd5 for t-cells; and anti-human cd79a and anti-human cd79b for b-cells/plasma cells. on the basis of labelling with mainly anti-cd3, four of the tumours were classified as t-cell tumours. one case was labelled with anti-cd79a and anti-cd79b, and was classified as a b- ... | 2008 | 17307369 |
| protecting contacts of hepatitis a: what's the difference between vaccine and human normal immunoglobulin? | the efficacy of vaccine when time since exposure is prolonged (more than 1 week from onset of illness in the index case) is unknown, but is likely to be significantly lower than human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). we estimated the number of additional secondary cases that may occur through giving vaccine instead of hnig to contacts of cases of hepatitis a who are identified more than 1 week after onset in the index case. this was calculated for different levels of vaccine efficacy, assuming hnig ... | 2008 | 17352837 |
| cryptosporidiosis in two alpaca (lama pacos) holdings in the south-west of england. | cryptosporidiosis was investigated on two alpaca (lama pacos) holdings in the south-west of england. diagnosis was initially confirmed in a cria with diarrhoea from each holding. cohort faeces samples were subsequently collected and examined for presence of cryptosporidium oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy. on the first holding, 30 samples (24 adults, 6 crias) were tested, and oocysts were detected in three of the cria samples but in none of the adults. on the second holding, 14 floor fae ... | 2008 | 17374496 |
| dynamics of salmonella transmission on a british pig grower-finisher farm: a stochastic model. | previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. in response to this food safety threat the british pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. it is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving a uk food standards agency target for reducing salmonella levels in pigs at slaughter by 50% within 5 years. in order to better inform the monitoring programme, we have developed a ... | 2008 | 17475090 |
| il23r variation determines susceptibility but not disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease. | identification of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) susceptibility genes is key to understanding pathogenic mechanisms. recently, the north american ibd genetics consortium provided compelling evidence for an association between ileal crohn's disease (cd) and the il23r gene using genome-wide association scanning. external replication is a priority, both to confirm this finding in other populations and to validate this new technique. we tested for association between il23r and ibd in a large indep ... | 2007 | 17484863 |
| combined evidence from three large british association studies rejects tucan/card8 as an ibd susceptibility gene. | 2007 | 17484911 | |
| mgmt inhibitors--the trinity college-paterson institute experience, a chemist's perception. | the dna repair protein, o(6)-alkylguanine-dna alkyltransferase (mgmt) can confer resistance to the cancer chemotherapeutic effects of the class of dna damaging drugs generally referred to as the o(6)-alkylating agents. inactivation of mgmt is thus a practical approach to improving the efficacy of such agents. an account is given of the collaboration between groups at trinity college, dublin and the paterson institute, manchester which led to the development of the mgmt inactivating drug, patrin ... | 2007 | 17485250 |
| british citizens in a regional community of southeastern spain with a pre-clinical organ xenotransplantation program. a study of attitude toward xenotransplantation. | it is important to find out about the social acceptance of xenotransplantation, especially in populations where there are pre-clinical xenotransplantation projects, and therefore the possibility of xenotransplantation to humans. in the native population of southeastern spain this situation is well-known, but in recent years there has been an important social change because of a considerable migrational flow into spain, especially from the british isles. | 2007 | 17489867 |
| the northwick park tragedy--protecting healthy volunteers in future first-in-man trials. | the development of potentially powerful drugs which may become effective in the treatment for disorders currently difficult to manage presents the pharmaceutical industry and the scientific community with a major challenge. such drugs with novel modes of action and the capacity to modify the body's immune system could also be very toxic. the possibility became a tragic reality on march 13th 2006 when tgn1412 was given to six healthy volunteers at northwick park hospital. all six became seriously ... | 2007 | 17489872 |
| microbial source tracking: a forensic technique for microbial source identification? | as the requirements of the water framework directive (wfd) and the us clean water act (uscwa) for the maintenance of microbiological water quality in 'protected areas' highlight, there is a growing recognition that integrated management of point and diffuse sources of microbial pollution is essential. new information on catchment microbial dynamics and, in particular, the sources of faecal indicator bacteria found in bathing and shellfish harvesting waters is a pre-requisite for the design of an ... | 2007 | 17492088 |
| childhood conditions influence adult progesterone levels. | average profiles of salivary progesterone in women vary significantly at the inter- and intrapopulation level as a function of age and acute energetic conditions related to energy intake, energy expenditure, or a combination of both. in addition to acute stressors, baseline progesterone levels differ among populations. the causes of such chronic differences are not well understood, but it has been hypothesised that they may result from varying tempos of growth and maturation and, by implication, ... | 2007 | 17503960 |
| cdkn2a and cdk4 variants in latvian melanoma patients: analysis of a clinic-based population. | germline mutations of the cdkn2a and cdk4 genes explain a significant proportion of familial melanoma. to date, there have been few published estimations of the prevalence of such mutations in sporadic melanoma patients. in this study, we investigated cdkn2a and cdk4 exon 2 for germline mutations in 125 consecutive cutaneous malignant melanoma patients recruited through the latvian oncological center, using amplicon melting analysis and sequencing. no disease-related cdkn2a germline mutations we ... | 2007 | 17505264 |
| brief report: british adolescents' views about the rights of asylum-seeking children. | the present study examined 60 (30 early-to-middle adolescents and 30 late adolescents) british adolescents' understanding of the rights of asylum-seeker children. participants completed semi-structured interviews designed to assess judgments and evaluations of hypothetical asylum-seeker children's nurturance and self-determination rights in conflict with the practices of authority. findings indicated that participants were more likely to endorse asylum-seeker children's nurturance rights over th ... | 2007 | 17507088 |
| evaluation of critical care space requirements for three frequent and high-risk tasks. | spatial requirements for clinical tasks have been recommended from many sources over the past 15 years, but little empiric evidence is offered to support recommendations. this article describes a series of functional space experiments using clinical scenarios to test the spatial requirements for a bed space in a critical care setting. the analysis found that an average of 23.26 m(2) was needed for a bed-to-bed transfer followed by 22.87 m(2) for a resuscitation task. the overall average space re ... | 2007 | 17512472 |
| impact of hiv and aids on surgical practice. | surgical intervention has become a common component in the management of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or suffering from the clinical consequences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we investigated the evolution of this involvement at a tertiary referral centre for this condition over a 16-year period. | 2007 | 17535610 |
| the physiologist and the neurosurgeon: the enduring influence of charles sherrington on the career of wilder penfield. | wilder penfield, a rhodes scholar from princeton university, new jersey, was a student in the first course on mammalian physiology given in 1915 at oxford university by charles sherrington, newly arrived from liverpool where, as holt professor of physiology for 20 years, he had become a leading authority on the physiology of the nervous system. the practical 'exercises' as well as graduate research on the golgi apparatus and the decerebrate preparation, carried out by penfield in sherrington's l ... | 2007 | 17535838 |
| robert boyle's memoirs for the natural history of human blood (1684): print, manuscript and the impact of baconianism in seventeenth-century medical science. | 2007 | 17538692 | |
| commentary on cowin, i., emmett, p. and the alspac study team (2000) diet in a group of 18-month-old children in south west england, and comparison with the results of a national survey. journal of human nutrition and dietetics; 13, 87-100. | 2007 | 17539880 | |
| preferential association of serum amyloid p component with fibrillar deposits in familial british and danish dementias: similarities with alzheimer's disease. | two hereditary forms of cerebrovascular amyloidosis, familial british and danish dementias (fbd and fdd), share striking similarities with alzheimer's disease (ad) despite structural differences among their amyloid subunits (abri in fbd, adan in fdd, and abeta in ad). neuropathological lesions in these disorders include neurofibrillary tangles, parenchymal amyloid and pre-amyloid deposits and overwhelming cerebral amyloid angiopathy co-localizing with reactive microglia and multiple amyloid asso ... | 2007 | 17374542 |
| compliance with follow-up after occupational exposure to hepatitis c. | accidental percutaneous exposure to blood containing hepatitis c virus (hcv) is reported by health care workers more frequently than exposure to human immunodeficiency and hepatitis b virus. the transmission rate following such an exposure is approximately 1.9%. little is known about the attendance rate of such staff for follow-up testing following exposure to hcv. | 2007 | 17387161 |
| [shocking body art experience]. | 2007 | 17393872 | |
| social inequalities in self reported health in early old age: follow-up of prospective cohort study. | to describe differences in trajectories of self reported health in an ageing cohort according to occupational grade. | 2007 | 17468119 |
| insig2 gene polymorphism is not associated with obesity in caucasian, afro-caribbean and indian subjects. | a common polymorphism, rs7566605, 10 kb upstream of the insulin-induced gene 2 transcription start site has been associated with obesity in caucasian and african-american populations, with the hypothesis that an alteration in gene expression results in elevated plasma triglyceride levels. the goal of this study was to verify the findings in a cohort of 2721 healthy caucasian men (second northwick park heart study), and a separate study of 747 type 2 diabetic patients from caucasian, afro-caribbe ... | 2007 | 17471297 |
| does the taste matter? taste and medicinal perceptions associated with five selected herbal drugs among three ethnic groups in west yorkshire, northern england. | in recent years, diverse scholars have addressed the issue of the chemosensory perceptions associated with traditional medicines, nevertheless there is still a distinct lack of studies grounded in the social sciences and conducted from a cross-cultural, comparative perspective. in this urban ethnobotanical field study, 254 informants belonging to the gujarati, kashmiri and english ethnic groups and living in western yorkshire in northern england were interviewed about the relationship between ta ... | 2007 | 17475019 |
| uk biobank gets 10% response rate as it starts recruiting volunteers. | 2007 | 17395934 | |
| comparison of tissue distribution, persistence, and molecular epidemiology of parvovirus b19 and novel human parvoviruses parv4 and human bocavirus. | parv4 and human bocavirus (hbov) are newly discovered human parvoviruses with poorly understood epidemiologies and disease associations. we investigated the frequencies of persistence, tissue distribution, and influence of immunosuppression on replication of these viruses. | 2007 | 17397006 |
| quantifying distraction and interruption in urological surgery. | to enhance safety in surgery, it is necessary to develop a variety of tools for measuring and evaluating the system of work. one important consideration for safety in any high-risk work is the frequency and effect of distraction and interruption. | 2007 | 17403761 |
| the dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in great britain (2005/6). surveys co-ordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry. | this paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5-year-old children from across england, wales and scotland in 2005/6. these co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2007 | 17405473 |
| factors associated with dog ownership and contact with dogs in a uk community. | dogs are popular pets in many countries. identifying differences between those who own dogs or have contact with dogs, and those who do not, is useful to those interested in the human-animal bond, human health and for provision of veterinary services. this census-based, epidemiological study aimed to investigate factors associated with dog ownership and contact with dogs, in a semi-rural community of 1278 households in cheshire, uk. | 2007 | 17407583 |
| vzv infection in pregnancy: a retrospective review over 5 years in sheffield and discussion on the potential utilisation of varicella vaccine in prevention. | to study retrospectively the epidemiology, demography and clinical issues related to varicella in pregnancy in a uk city over a 5-year period and help inform the debate on the potential of varicella immunisation in prevention. | 2007 | 17418420 |
| concentrations and chiral signatures of polychlorinated biphenyls in outdoor and indoor air and soil in a major u.k. conurbation. | concentrations and chiral signatures of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were measured in outdoor air (using polyurethane foam (puf)--disk passive samplers) and surface soil samples taken at approximately monthly intervals over 1 year at 10 locations on a rural-urban transect across the west midlands of the u.k. in both air and soil, concentrations clearly decrease with increasing distance from the city center, supporting the existence of an urban "pulse", that indicate the west midlands conurba ... | 2007 | 17438756 |
| the seroepidemiology of varicella zoster virus among pregnant bangladeshi and white british women in the london borough of tower hamlets, uk. | we investigated the comparative seroepidemiology of varicella zoster virus (vzv) in pregnant women of two ethnic groups, white british and bangladeshi, living in an inner city area of london, united kingdom. women aged 16-45 years were recruited from antenatal clinics of the royal london hospital in the borough of tower hamlets. complete data were obtained from 275 white british and 765 bangladeshi women. vzv antibody prevalence was 93.1% (95% ci 89.4-95.8) and 86.0% (95% ci 83.3-88.4) respectiv ... | 2007 | 17445317 |
| [charles bell "the nervous system of the human body" 1830]. | 2007 | 17447532 | |
| towards an understanding of british public attitudes concerning human cloning. | the ability of scientists to apply cloning technology to humans has provoked public discussion and media coverage. the present paper reports on a series of studies examining public attitudes to human cloning in the uk, bringing together a range of quantitative and qualitative methods to address this question. these included a nationally representative survey, an experimental vignette study, focus groups and analyses of media coverage. overall the research presents a complex picture of attitude t ... | 2007 | 17449156 |
| latitude-of-birth and season-of-birth effects on human color vision in the arctic. | extreme natural ambient light reduction, in both energy and range of wavelength spectrum, occurs during the winter season at very high latitudes (above the arctic circle or 66 degrees 32' north) that in turn results in increased exposure to artificial lighting. in contrast, during the summer months, the sun remains above the horizon and there is no darkness or night. little is known about these extreme changes in light exposure on human visual perception. measuring color discriminations with the ... | 2007 | 17451775 |
| clinical academies: innovative school-health services partnerships to deliver clinical education. | during the past five years (2001-2006), the university of bristol medical school has developed and implemented a new model for delivering clinical education: the clinical academy. the principal features of the model are (1) having both in-bristol and out-of-bristol campuses for clinical education, (2) innovative partnerships with local health care providers, (3) local leadership of educational delivery, and (4) the recruitment and training of new cadres of clinical teachers. the seven clinical a ... | 2007 | 17457061 |
| inquiry will study claims that sellafield workers' body parts were removed without families' consent. | 2007 | 17463437 | |
| pandemic in print: the spread of influenza in the fin de siècle. | the rapid spread of the 1889-1890 influenza epidemic was widely reported in the periodical press. as londoners read that another european capital had succumbed, they were struck that the illness was not only travelling as fast as the news, but was also moving along the same routes. although medical science quickly resolved that a germ was the cause of the illness, its mild nature but widespread social impact lead many to suspect that it was actually caused by newspaper hype. this link between th ... | 2007 | 17336384 |
| [drug trials in humans. risks in the light of the london catastrophe]. | london's first-in-man drug trial with the monoclonal anti-cd28 antibody tgn1412 used for the treatment of oncological and autoimmune diseases resulted in a disaster with life-threatening adverse events in the volunteers triggered by an unexpected cytokine storm. potential mistakes and consequences from this trial are highlighted in the general context of drug development and its risks. risks in drug testing are not only found for high risk substances, such as tgn1412, or in the critical first-in ... | 2007 | 17308913 |
| community children's nursing services in wales: will the nsf make a difference? | the 2006 edition of the rcn community children's nursing directory lists 239 services--16 of which are based in wales, 12 in northern ireland, two in the channel islands, one in the isle of man, 23 in scotland and 185 in england. this listing highlights the continued development and expansion of services across the uk, as well as the further developments that are needed to ensure equity of provision in many areas. the lack of uk or national strategies means that services continue to be developed ... | 2007 | 17326553 |
| new man at portsmouth. interview by james verrinder. | 2007 | 17355008 | |
| commercialisation of regenerative human tissue: regulation and reform in australia and england, wales and northern ireland. | the commercialisation of therapeutic products containing regenerative human tissue is regulated by the common law, statute and ethical guidelines in australia and england, wales and northern ireland. this article examines the regulatory regimes in these jurisdictions and considers whether reform is required to both support scientific research and ensure conformity with modern social views on medical research and the use of human tissue. the authors consider the crucial role of informed consent i ... | 2007 | 17355098 |
| george guthrie (1785-1856): surgeon to the duke of wellington, and a pioneer thoracic surgeon. | george guthrie had a distinguished career as a soldier, surgeon and medical reformer. he revolutionized military surgery following his active service during the peninsular war in spain and portugal. his book commentaries on the surgery of war was based on this experience and was updated continuously; it remained the standard military text for half a century. during this campaign, he also struggled to improve the poor administration of the army medical service. he had little respect for establish ... | 2007 | 17356728 |
| 'tell brother regius...' clifford allbutt's correspondence with archibald malloch during osler's final illness. | a very close friendship developed between sir clifford allbutt (1836-1925) and sir william osler (1849-1919) after they became regius professors at the universities of cambridge and oxford, respectively. in 1919, osler contracted influenza during the 1918-19 pandemic. the disease developed into serious pneumonia and empyema and was the cause of his death. one of his attending physicians in his final illness was dr t archibald malloch (1887-1953) with whom allbutt began to correspond. allbutt's l ... | 2007 | 17356739 |
| 'life in the tropics for europeans', an unpublished lecture by william osler. | an unpublished lecture by william osler given in 1911 to young british administrators going to india gives glimpses of imperial history and travel medicine, and contains echoes of debates current at that time on a healthy tropical lifestyle and also the influence of race and climate on health. | 2007 | 17356745 |
| a genetic association study of chromosome 11q22-24 in two different samples implicates the fxyd6 gene, encoding phosphohippolin, in susceptibility to schizophrenia. | previous linkage analyses of families with multiple cases of schizophrenia by us and others have confirmed the involvement of the chromosome 11q22-24 region in the etiology of schizophrenia, with lod scores of 3.4 and 3.1. we now report fine mapping of a susceptibility gene in the 11q22-24 region, determined on the basis of a university college london (ucl) sample of 496 cases and 488 supernormal controls. confirmation was then performed by the study of an aberdeen sample consisting of 858 cases ... | 2007 | 17357072 |
| rickets: vitamin d and calcium deficiency. | 2007 | 17362137 | |
| analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the british isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades. | infections of the skin, hair and nails by dermatophyte fungi are common in developed and developing countries alike. however, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary both geographically and with time. we have surveyed 15,333 dermatophytes obtained from primary isolations at the mycology reference laboratory, bristol, uk from 1980 through 2005. several striking trends in dermatophyte prevalence were apparent over this period. the relative frequencies of isolations of microsp ... | 2007 | 17365649 |
| estimation of the duration of ventricular fibrillation using ecg single feature analysis. | the duration of untreated ventricular fibrillation (vf) is of paramount importance for cpr success. moreover, therapeutic interventions taking into account the interval between cardiac arrest onset and initiation of cpr improve outcome. this study was performed to investigate whether vf feature analysis could be used to estimate the duration of vf in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. demographic data recorded according to the utstein guidelines and ecg recordings of 376 cardiac arres ... | 2007 | 17368907 |
| an international case-control study of glutathione transferase and functionally related polymorphisms and risk of primary adult brain tumors. | glutathione transferases (gst) detoxify environmental and endogenous compounds and levels of two polymorphic gst proteins, gstm3 and gstp1, are high in the brain. previous studies of gstm3 and gstp1 polymorphisms and adult brain tumor risk have produced inconsistent results, whereas the gstm3 -63 variant is newly identified and, therefore, has not yet been studied in this context. we therefore examined associations between gstm3 -63, gstm3 *a/*b, gstp1 105, and gstp1 114 variants and adult brain ... | 2007 | 17372252 |
| comparison of clinical and environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila obtained in the uk over 19 years. | between january 1980 and december 1998, 3458 cases of legionnaires' disease were reported to the national surveillance scheme in england and wales. of these, 463 (13.4%) were reported as proven by culture and isolation of legionella spp., with 96.3% being legionella pneumophila. serogroup (sgp), monoclonal antibody (mab) subgrouping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis data were obtained for 321 (69.3%) of these, of which 284 were classified as being unrelated to any othe ... | 2007 | 17184291 |
| can current national surveillance systems in england and wales monitor sexual transmission of hepatitis c among hiv-infected men who have sex with men? | recent reports suggest an increase in sexually-transmitted hepatitis c infection among hiv-infected men who have sex with men (msm) in european cities. we investigated whether current national surveillance systems in england and wales (e&w) are able to monitor sexual transmission of hepatitis c infection among hiv-infected msm. | 2007 | 17233919 |
| public health responses to influenza in care homes: a questionnaire-based study of local health protection units. | influenza virus infection poses a major threat to the elderly people in residential care. we sought to describe the extent to which local public health services in england were positioned to detect and respond effectively to influenza-like illness (ili) in nursing homes. | 2007 | 17237477 |
| the resuscitation greats: douglas chamberlain cbe dsc (hon) frcp frca facc fesc--a man for all decades of his time. | 2007 | 17240511 | |
| uptake of influenza vaccination in patients on immunosuppressant agents for rheumatological diseases: a follow-up audit of the influence of secondary care. | 2007 | 17244667 | |
| africans in yorkshire? the deepest-rooting clade of the y phylogeny within an english genealogy. | the presence of africans in britain has been recorded since roman times, but has left no apparent genetic trace among modern inhabitants. y chromosomes belonging to the deepest-rooting clade of the y phylogeny, haplogroup (hg) a, are regarded as african-specific, and no examples have been reported from britain or elsewhere in western europe. we describe the presence of an hga1 chromosome in an indigenous british male; comparison with african examples suggests a western african origin. seven out ... | 2007 | 17245408 |
| people exposed to h5n1 in english turkey outbreak get antiviral and vaccination. | 2007 | 17289699 | |
| a semi-qualitative study of attitudes to vaccinating adolescents against human papillomavirus without parental consent. | the first vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical cancer has been licensed, and in future, vaccination may be routinely offered to 10-14 year old girls. hpv is a sexually transmitted virus and some parents may refuse consent for vaccination. under-16s in the uk have a right to confidential sexual health care without parental consent. we investigated parents' views on making available hpv vaccination to adolescent minors at sexual health clinics without parental consent. | 2007 | 17291343 |
| the burden of parvovirus b19 infection in women of childbearing age in england and wales. | a serological survey has been used to investigate the epidemiology of parvovirus b19 infection in england and wales. a total of 2835 sera representing the complete age range were selected from a convenience collection obtained in 1996 that reflects the general population and screened for parvovirus b19-specific igg. antibody prevalence rose nonlinearly with age from 21% in those aged 1-4 years to >75% in adults aged > or = 45 years. force-of-infection estimates were similar to those previously m ... | 2007 | 17291377 |
| morbidity profiles of patients consulting during influenza and respiratory syncytial virus active periods. | we compared the burden of illness due to a spectrum of respiratory diagnostic categories among persons presenting in a sentinel general practice network in england and wales during periods of influenza and of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activity. during all periods of viral activity, incidence rates of influenza-like illness, bronchitis and common cold were elevated compared to those in baseline periods. excess rates per 100,000 of acute bronchitis were greater in children aged <1 year (me ... | 2007 | 17291381 |
| stable isotope evidence for 1500 years of human diet at the city of york, uk. | we present here the results of a large-scale diachronic palaeodietary (carbon and nitrogen isotopic measurements of bone collagen) study of humans and animals from a single site, the city of york (u.k.), dating from the roman period to the early 19th century. the human sample comprises 313 burials from the cemeteries of trentholme drive and blossom street (roman), belle vue house (anglo-saxon), fishergate (high and later medieval), and all saints, pavement (later and post-medieval). in addition, ... | 2007 | 17295296 |
| life-course influences on health in british adults: effects of socio-economic position in childhood and adulthood. | little evidence exists on the role of socio-economic position (sep) in early life on adult disease other than for cardiovascular mortality; data is often retrospective. we assess whether childhood sep influences disease risk in mid-life, separately from the effect of adult position, and establish how associations vary across multiple measures of disease risk. | 2007 | 17255345 |
| a diary of epilepsy in the early 1800s. | this article describes the diary of a man from 19th-century england (1829-1834) that documents the onset and course of his wife's epilepsy after a stroke. her stroke produced aphasia and right hemiparesis, but her epilepsy was the diary's focus and caused the greatest concern. the diary documents the history of her epilepsy in detail. in addition to tonic-clonic seizures, she experienced frequent bouts of status epilepticus and complex partial seizures. the diary contains some of the earliest re ... | 2007 | 17267288 |
| hyperglycemia and cystic fibrosis alter respiratory fluid glucose concentrations estimated by breath condensate analysis. | in animals, glucose concentrations are 3-20 times lower in lung lining fluid than in plasma. in humans, glucose concentrations are normally low (<1 mmol/l) in nasal and bronchial fluid, but they are elevated by inflammation or hyperglycemia. furthermore, elevated bronchial glucose is associated with increased respiratory infection in intensive care patients. our aims were to estimate normal glucose concentrations in fluid from distal human lung sampled noninvasively and to determine effects of h ... | 2007 | 17303703 |
| workers at uk turkey farm with symptoms of bird flu test negative for h5n1. | 2007 | 17303867 | |
| a crisis of governance? | contemporary legislative and constitutional developments in the united kingdom for public health. this article explores these implications. | 2007 | 16870992 |
| investigation of association of the dlg5 gene with phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease in the british population. | mutations in the dlg5 gene are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in some european populations. initial investigation of a british ibd population showed evidence of association of one of three dlg5 variants, r30q, in a family-based collection but not in a case-control cohort. we have now examined the association of the r30q polymorphism in a large cohort of british ibd cases, tested for interaction between the dlg5 and card15 genes and assessed possible associa ... | 2007 | 16944184 |
| vitamin d status and bone mass in uk south asian women. | low vitamin d status is prevalent among south asians living in the uk. the relationship, however, between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d level (25ohd), serum parathyroid level (pth) and bone mass in this group of women is unknown. the aim of this study was to determine the association between serum pth, 25ohd and bone mass in a population based sample of young uk south asian women. | 2007 | 16950669 |
| did the lateral enamel of neandertal anterior teeth grow differently from that of modern humans? | the formation of lateral enamel in neandertal anterior teeth has been the subject of recent studies. when compared to the anterior teeth of modern humans from diverse regions (point hope, alaska; newcastle upon tyne, england; southern africa), neandertal anterior teeth appear to fall within the modern human range of variation for lateral enamel formation time. however, the lateral enamel growth curves of neandertals are more linear than those of these modern human samples. other researchers have ... | 2007 | 16965802 |
| an investigation of skeletal indicators of vitamin d deficiency in adults: effective markers for interpreting past living conditions and pollution levels in 18th and 19th century birmingham, england. | vitamin d deficiency in adults is referred to as osteomalacia, and this condition has multiple causes related to factors such as environment, living conditions and cultural practices. therefore, understanding the types and range of expression of osteomalacia in archaeological bone, using a number of investigative techniques, will have significant implications for interpretations made about past communities. this study aimed to understand the expression of vitamin d deficiency in the skeletons of ... | 2007 | 17078033 |
| assessing the burden of influenza and other respiratory infections in england and wales. | to estimate the burden of influenza in england and wales, in terms of general practice consultations, hospital admissions and deaths. | 2007 | 17097147 |
| the association between knowledge of hpv and feelings of stigma, shame and anxiety. | to test the hypotheses that (1) women who know that human papillomavirus (hpv) is sexually transmitted will expect to experience higher levels of stigma, shame and anxiety if they test positive for the virus than women who are not aware of the mode of transmission and (2) women who are aware of the high prevalence of hpv infection will expect to experience lower levels of stigma, shame and anxiety than women who underestimate its prevalence. | 2007 | 17098767 |
| interleukin-1r antagonist gene and pre-natal smoke exposure are associated with childhood asthma. | the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il1rn) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. in the present study, association of the human il1rn gene polymorphisms with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio was tested and the data was stratified by environmental tobacco smoke exposure in order to investigate a gene-smoking interaction. in an unselected subset (n = 921) of the isle of wight birth (uk) cohort, which has previously be ... | 2007 | 17107994 |
| richard wiseman and the medical practitioners of restoration london. | the case histories used to illustrate richard wiseman's several chirurgicall treatises (1676) reveal not only pathological and therapeutic detail but much information about the range of occupational relationships between wiseman and the many london physicians with whom he collaborated on cases (more than forty are identified in an appendix to this article). his interaction with the two physicians with whom he had most to do, francis prujean and walter needham, exemplifies the extremes of such re ... | 2007 | 17108018 |
| paul polani and the development of medical genetics. | paul polani (1914-2006) was one of the key figures internationally in the beginnings and development of medical genetics. best remembered scientifically for his highly original work on the basis of human sex chromosome disorders, notably turner syndrome, he pioneered the application of basic biological research to clinical genetic problems. the unit that he founded in 1960, at guys hospital, london, provided an unparalleled model for combined research and service in medical genetics across a wid ... | 2007 | 17066298 |
| the prevalence of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 genomes in the blood of uk blood donors. | a lesser-recognized form of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) persistence is integration of the viral genome in a host chromosome and high viral copy numbers in blood or sera are characteristic of this phenomenon. a cross-sectional study was performed to determine the frequency of high hhv-6 viral loads in whole blood (>6 log(10) copies/ml) in a population of blood donors in london, uk. blood samples from 500 anonymized blood donors were collected from one donation center, dna extracted, and quantitat ... | 2007 | 17133548 |
| compression force-depth relationship during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | recent clinical studies reporting the high frequency of inadequate chest compression depth (<38 mm) during cpr, have prompted the question if adult human chest characteristics render it difficult to attain the recommended compression depth in certain patients. | 2007 | 17141936 |
| lymphogranuloma venereum in the united kingdom. | over the past 2 years, lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv), caused by l serovars of chlamydia trachomatis, has emerged as a significant problem among men who have sex with men (msm). we report on, to our knowledge, the largest case series of lgv to date, with detailed epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the epidemic in the united kingdom. | 2007 | 17143811 |
| the radiological management of bomb blast injury. | a need to understand the nature and patterns of bomb blast injury, particularly in confined spaces, has come to the fore with the current worldwide threat from terrorism. the purpose of this review article is to familiarize the radiologist with the imaging they might expect to see in a mass casualty terrorist event, illustrated by examples from two of the main institutions receiving patients from the london underground tube blasts of 7 july 2005. we present examples of injuries that are typical ... | 2007 | 17145257 |
| issues of human rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine: policy versus practice. | a retrospective audit was conducted of all issues of rabies vaccine or human rabies immunoglobulin (hrig) from the clinical microbiology department at university hospital aintree for post-exposure prophylaxis. the appropriateness of management was reviewed by a blinded panel, which used guidelines issued by the health protection agency (hpa) as a standard. thirty-six enquiries, on average 9 days following exposure, led to issues of hrig, rabies vaccine or both. dog bites accounted for the majori ... | 2007 | 17148554 |