Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [the biological activity of quaternary ammonium salts (qass)]. | quaternary ammonium salts (qass), especially those of cationic surfactant character, are applied as antibacterial and antifungal disinfectants. qass affect lipid-enveloped viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv), but not non-enveloped viruses. these compounds are extensively used in domestic (as ingredients of shampoos, hair conditioners), agricultural (as fungicides, pesticides, insecticides), healthcare (as medications), and industrial applications (as ... | 2010 | 20400784 |
| inhibition of hepatitis b virus replication by myd88 involves accelerated degradation of pregenomic rna and nuclear retention of pre-s/s rnas. | myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (myd88), which can be induced by alpha interferon (ifn-alpha), has an antiviral activity against the hepatitis b virus (hbv). the mechanism of this antiviral activity remains poorly understood. here, we report that myd88 inhibited hbv replication in hepg2.2.15 cells and in a mouse model. the knockdown of myd88 expression weakened the ifn-alpha-induced inhibition of hbv replication. furthermore, myd88 posttranscriptionally reduced the levels of ... | 2010 | 20410269 |
| tissue donation and virus safety: more nucleic acid amplification testing is needed. | in tissue and organ transplantation, it is of great importance to avoid the transmission of blood-borne viruses to the recipient. while serologic testing for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and -2, anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), anti-hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), and treponema pallidum infection is mandatory, there is until now in most countries no explicit demand for nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) to detect hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv), ... | 2010 | 20412535 |
| analysis of the epitope and neutralizing capacity of human monoclonal antibodies induced by hepatitis b vaccine. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is an infectious agent that is a significant worldwide public health issue. however, the mechanism by which vaccination-induced antibodies prevent hbv infection remains unclear. to investigate the mechanism by which antibodies induced by hepatitis b surface ag (hbsag)-vaccination prevent hbv infection in humans, we prepared human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hbsag using a novel cell-microarray system from peripheral blood b-lymphocytes from vaccinated individuals. ... | 2010 | 20412816 |
| ccnd2 polymorphisms associated with clearance of hbv infection. | cyclin d2s (ccnd2s) are members of the d-type cyclin family. they interact and construct complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)4 or 6. the cyclin d2/cdk4 or cdk6 complexes have key roles in controlling the progression of cell cycle from the gap 1 (g1) phase to the synthesis (s) phase. overexpression of cyclin d2 is associated with the development of tumors. in this study, we identified 16 sequence variants of ccnd2 polymorphisms through direct dna sequencing in 24 individuals, and 5 common ... | 2010 | 20414251 |
| hepatitis b virus x protein upregulates expression of calpain small subunit 1 via nuclear factor-kappab/p65 in hepatoma cells. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is closely correlated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), in which hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) plays crucial roles. hbx is believed to be a multifunctional oncoprotein. it has been reported that the calpain small subunit 1 (capn4) is upregulated in the hcc tissues and involved in the metastasis of hcc. therefore, we suppose that hbx may promote hepatoma cell migration through capn4. in the present study, we investigated the effect of hb ... | 2010 | 20419804 |
| vaccines to prevent infections by oncoviruses. | it has been estimated that viruses are etiological agents in approximately 12% of human cancers. most of these cancers can be attributed to infections by human papillomavirus (hpv), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). prophylactic vaccines against other pathogenic viruses have an excellent record as public health interventions in terms of safety, effectiveness, and ability to reach economically disadvanta ... | 2010 | 20420520 |
| b cell gene signature with massive intrahepatic production of antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen in hepatitis b virus-associated acute liver failure. | hepatitis b virus (hbv)-associated acute liver failure (alf) is a dramatic clinical syndrome due to a sudden loss of hepatic cells leading to multiorgan failure. the mechanisms whereby hbv induces alf are unknown. here, we show that liver tissue collected at the time of liver transplantation in two patients with hbv-associated alf is characterized by an overwhelming b cell response apparently centered in the liver with massive accumulation of plasma cells secreting igg and igm, accompanied by co ... | 2010 | 20421498 |
| cellular immunity in children with successful immunoprophylactic treatment for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis b virus. | the administration of hepatitis b immunoglobulin followed by hepatitis b vaccine can result in a protective efficacy of almost 90% in mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv). however, little is known about immunity against hbv infection in children after immunoprophylactic treatment. we tried to assess the association between t-cell responses and viremia in children after successful prophylactic treatment. | 2010 | 20423521 |
| clinical & molecular characterization of human tt virus in different liver diseases. | tt virus (ttv) is a newly discovered non-enveloped, single stranded dna virus of high genotypic variability, found frequently in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis of non a-g aetiology. this study was carried out to look for the presence of ttv and its genotypes in patients with different types of liver diseases from northern india. | 2010 | 20424306 |
| fatal reactivation of hbv and hdv during a long-lasting interruption of haart in a patient co-infected with hiv, hcv, hbv and hdv. | coinfection by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis viruses is a frequent condition in drug addicts. in the present study we report on the case of a patient with a history of drug and alcohol abuse who was sequentially infected with hiv, hcv, hbv and hdv. he died of an overwhelming reactivation of hbv and hdv in spite of a recent interferon treatment. hbv and hdv resumed their active replication after over 20 years of complete latency, that is after long-lasting viral undetectabi ... | 2010 | 20424526 |
| hepatitis b virus x protein upregulates transcriptional activation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. | it is well known that telomerase activation and virus infection are strongly associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) plays an important role in hcc pathogenesis. however, the mechanisms of hbx on telomerase activity are not well understood. to determine the potential roles of hbx in telomerase activity, both transfection and antisense assay were designed to examine the effects of hbx on telomerase in this report. results showed that hbx gene increa ... | 2010 | 20107884 |
| circulating cd4+cd25high regulatory t cells and expression of pd-1 and btla on cd4+ t cells in patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | the roles of regulatory t cells (tregs) and pd-1 in hepatitis b have not been clearly described. also, the role of b and t lymphocyte attenuator (btla), which serves as a negative regulator of t-cell activation, is still unknown in hepatitis b. in this study, we analyzed the frequency of circulating cd4(+)cd25(high) tregs in patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), and subsequently investigated expression of pd-1 and btla on cd4(+) t cells, as well as their relationships with the clinical index ... | 2010 | 20121403 |
| the level of connective tissue growth factor in sera of patients with hepatitis b virus strongly correlates with stage of hepatic fibrosis. | connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) plays a crucial role in the formation and development of hepatic fibrosis. the aim of this study was to establish a method for ctgf determination in order to investigate the level of ctgf in the sera of patients with hepatitis b virus, and to assess the correlation between ctgf concentration and stage of hepatic fibrosis. a ctgf c-terminal region gene was obtained by rt-pcr of human mesangial kidney cells and inserted into pet-32a((+)) vector. recombinant p ... | 2010 | 20121404 |
| desmoplastic nested spindle cell tumor of the liver in an adult. | desmoplastic spindle cell tumor of the liver is a recently described and extremely unusual neoplasm that affects children and young adults. we report 1 case in a 33-year-old man. the patient had abdominal pain and dyspepsia. abdominal examination showed that the liver was enlarged and palpable until umbilical region. laboratory studies demonstrated positive serologic markers to hepatitis b virus. all other analytical studies were irrelevant. computed tomography revealed a large tumor mass in lef ... | 2010 | 20123457 |
| epigenetic repression of e-cadherin by human papillomavirus 16 e7 protein. | a common feature shared between several human cancer-associated viruses, such as epstein-barr virus, hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus, and human papillomavirus (hpv) is the ability to reduce the expression of cellular e-cadherin. since e-cadherin is used by langerhans cells to move through the stratified epithelium, its reduction may affect the efficiency by which the immune system responds to hpv infection and the length of persistent hpv infections. we observed that the e7 protein of th ... | 2010 | 20123756 |
| a mutant of hepatitis b virus x protein (hbxdelta127) promotes cell growth through a positive feedback loop involving 5-lipoxygenase and fatty acid synthase. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) contributes to the development of hcc, whereas hbx with cooh-terminal deletion is a frequent event in the hcc tissues. previously, we identified a natural mutant of hbx-truncated 27 amino acids at the cooh-terminal (termed hbxdelta127), which strongly enhanced cell growth. in the present study, we focused on investigating the mechanism. accordingly, fatty acid synthase (fas) pla ... | 2010 | 20126469 |
| natural course of chronic hepatitis b is characterized by changing patterns of programmed death type-1 of cd8-positive t cells. | to investigate if and how programmed death type-1 (pd-1) expression affects the natural course of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. | 2010 | 20128032 |
| [expression profile of immune effector molecules in natural killer cells in patients with chronic hepatitis b]. | to investigate the expression profile of immune effector molecules in peripheral natural killer cells (nk) in patients with chronic hepatitis virus b. | 2010 | 20196946 |
| expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (pttg1)/securin in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-associated liver diseases: evidence for an hbv x protein-mediated inhibition of pttg1 ubiquitination and degradation. | chronic infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), and the viral hbx protein plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver tumors. because the protooncogene pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (pttg1) is overexpressed in hcc, we investigated the regulation of this protein by hbx. we analyzed pttg1 expression levels in liver biopsies from patients chronically infected with hbv, presenting different disease stages, and from hbx transgenic ... | 2010 | 20198633 |
| t-cell exhaustion: characteristics, causes and conversion. | t-cell exhaustion is characterized by the stepwise and progressive loss of t-cell functions and can culminate in the physical deletion of the responding cells. exhaustion is well-defined during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and commonly develops under conditions of antigen-persistence, which occur following many chronic infections that are of significant public health concern including hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections, as wel ... | 2010 | 20201977 |
| predictors of loss of hepatitis b surface antigen in hiv-infected patients. | to study factors associated with loss of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). | 2010 | 20205279 |
| features of responding t cells in cancer and chronic infection. | ever since t cell exhaustion was initially characterized and thoroughly analyzed in the murine lcmv model, such a functional impairment has been validated in other chronic viral infections such as hiv, hcv, and hbv. in tumor immunology, it has always been postulated that tumor-reactive t cells could also become functionally exhausted owing to the high tumor-antigen load and accompanying inhibitory mechanisms. however, the empirical evidences for this hypothesis have not been as extensive as in c ... | 2010 | 20207527 |
| hbx protein is indispensable for development of viraemia in human hepatocyte chimeric mice. | the non-structural x protein, hbx, of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is assumed to play an important role in hbv replication. woodchuck hepatitis virus x protein is indispensable for virus replication, but the duck hepatitis b virus x protein is not. in this study, we investigated whether the hbx protein is indispensable for hbv replication in vivo using human hepatocyte chimeric mice. hbx-deficient (hbx-def) hbv was generated in hepg2 cells by transfection with an overlength hbv genome. human hepatocy ... | 2010 | 20219897 |
| subcellular proteome analysis unraveled annexin a2 related to immune liver fibrosis. | it is important to study the mechanism of liver fibrogenesis, and find new non-invasive biomarkers. in this study, we used subcellular proteomic technology to study the plasma membrane (pm) proteins related to immune liver fibrosis and search for new non-invasive biomarkers. a rat liver fibrosis model was induced by pig serum injection. the liver fibrogenesis from stage (s) s0-1, s2, s3-4, and s4 was detected by masson staining and he staining in this rat model after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of trea ... | 2010 | 20225235 |
| the combined use of viral transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory elements to improve baculovirus-mediated transient gene expression in human embryonic stem cells. | transient gene expression is one possible approach to manipulate the signaling pathways that control the proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic stem (hes) cells. we tested in hes cells a range of baculoviral vectors with a human elongation factor-1alpha promoter and various viral regulatory elements and observed the most dramatic augmenting effect on the transient expression when the promoter was used together with the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene enhancer and the woo ... | 2010 | 20129073 |
| the pre-s2 domain of the hepatitis b virus is dispensable for infectivity but serves a spacer function for l-protein-connected virus assembly. | the envelope of the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) contains three membrane proteins (l, m, and s). they accomplish different functions in hbv infectivity and nucleocapsid envelopment. infectivity determinants have been assigned to the n-terminal part of the pre-s1 domain of the l protein and the antigenic loop of the s domain in the l and/or s protein. nucleocapsid envelopment requires a c-terminal sequence within pre-s1, including the five n-terminal amino acids of pre-s2 as part of the l protei ... | 2010 | 20130049 |
| can hepatitis b virus infection predict tuberculosis treatment liver toxicity? development of a preliminary prediction rule. | liver toxicity due to tuberculosis (tb) treatment is a frequent cause of treatment interruption, and may sometimes lead to a change in therapy to a less potent regimen. | 2010 | 20132625 |
| t cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (tim-3) mediates natural killer cell suppression in chronic hepatitis b. | t cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (tim-3) has been shown to influence autoimmune diseases; however, its function in viral infection has not been well-defined. we therefore investigated the expression and regulatory function of tim-3 in natural killer (nk) cells in chronic hepatitis b (chb) infection. | 2010 | 20133006 |
| clinical management of hepatitis b virus infection correlated with liver transplantation. | as a radical cure for post-hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation has been applied in many medical centers. before the use of effective measures, hepatitis b recurrence and the existence of hbsag(+) donors, patients with hepatitis b-related diseases are contraindicated for liver transplantation. application of interferon, hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig), and nucleotide analogues (e.g., lamivudine) has made great progress in the clini ... | 2010 | 20133223 |
| toward elimination and eradication of hepatitis b. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) causes important human health problems. it has infected one-third of the world's population and approximately 360 million people are chronic carriers. worldwide, 0.5-1.2 million deaths are attributed to hbv infection annually. therefore, global control of hbv infection is important. hbv infection can be intervened by interrupting routes of transmission, treating the chronically infected, and preventing the susceptibles with immunoprophylaxis. all these measures are effect ... | 2010 | 20136972 |
| g to a hypermutation of tt virus. | apobec3 proteins function as part of innate antiviral immunity and induce g to a hypermutation in retroviruses and hepatitis b virus (hbv) genomes. whether apobec3 proteins affect viruses that replicate without a reverse transcription step is unknown. tt virus (ttv), known to present in serum of healthy individuals and hbv carriers, has a single-stranded circular dna genome and replicates without reverse transcription. in this study, we examined 67 blood samples obtained from healthy individuals ... | 2010 | 20138932 |
| enhancement of enteric adenovirus cultivation by viral transactivator proteins. | human enteric adenoviruses (hadvs; serotypes 40 and 41) are important waterborne and food-borne pathogens. however, hadvs are fastidious, are difficult to cultivate, and do not produce a clear cytopathic effect during cell culture within a reasonable time. thus, we examined whether the viral transactivator proteins cytomegalovirus (cmv) ie1 and hepatitis b virus (hbv) x promoted the multiplication of hadvs. additionally, we constructed a new 293 cell line expressing cmv ie1 protein for cultivati ... | 2010 | 20139315 |
| identification of natural recombination in duck hepatitis b virus. | due to its high similarity to human hepatitis b virus (hbv), duck hbv (dhbv) is often used as an important model for hbv research. while inter-genotypic recombination of hbv is common, it has not been reported with dhbv. in this study, 32 non-redundant dhbv complete genomes were analyzed using phylogenetic methods and classified into two clusters, corresponding to the 'chinese' and 'western country' branches previously reported based on geographical distribution. one 'chinese' branch strain was ... | 2010 | 20144903 |
| hepatitis b virus replication induces methylation of both host and viral dna. | control of viral replication is a major therapeutic goal to reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. recently, methylation has been identified as a novel host defense mechanism, and methylation of viral dna leads to downregulation of hbv gene expression. to better understand the mechanisms of hbv methylation, cell lines were exposed to hbv using a model system that mimics natural infection and the expression of host dna methyltransferase genes (dnmts) was me ... | 2010 | 20147412 |
| hepatitis b virus activates deoxynucleotide synthesis in nondividing hepatocytes by targeting the r2 gene. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) causes liver diseases from acute hepatitis to cirrhosis and liver cancer. currently, more than 350 million people are chronic hbv carriers, with devastating prognosis. hbv is a small enveloped noncytopathic virus, containing a circular partially double-stranded dna genome, and exhibits strong tropism for human liver cells. infected individuals (acute and chronic) secrete about 10(7) to 10(11) virions per day to the bloodstream, with each infected cell releasing 50-300 vir ... | 2010 | 20155784 |
| geographical and genetic diversity of the human hepatitis b virus. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) is one of the most widely distributed viruses that infect humankind. distinct clinical and virological characteristics of the hbv-infection have been reported in different geographical parts of the world and are increasingly associated with genetic diversity of the infecting virus. hbv is classified into genotypes and subgenotypes that are associated with ethnicity and geography. the genetic diversity of hbv in its various aspects has been the subject of extensive investi ... | 2010 | 20156297 |
| fatal hepatitis b infection despite immunization in an hiv-infected infant: a possible case of vaccine failure and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. | we report a case of hepatitis b immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an 8-month-old girl with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co-infection. in resource-constrained countries, hiv-hepatitis b co-infections are often difficult to diagnose and to treat. we highlight on the importance of hepatitis b and hiv screening in pregnant women, to implement efficient preventive measures. | 2010 | 20159888 |
| giving tranexamic acid to reduce surgical bleeding in sub-saharan africa: an economic evaluation. | the identification of safe and effective alternatives to blood transfusion is a public health priority. in sub-saharan africa, blood shortage is a cause of mortality and morbidity. blood transfusion can also transmit viral infections. giving tranexamic acid (txa) to bleeding surgical patients has been shown to reduce both the number of blood transfusions and the volume of blood transfused. the objective of this study is to investigate whether routinely administering txa to bleeding elective surg ... | 2010 | 20163726 |
| hepatitis b virus protein x-induced expression of the cxc chemokine ip-10 is mediated through activation of nf-kappab and increases migration of leukocytes. | interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (ip-10) involves inflammatory cell recruitment and cellular immune damage during virus infection. although an increase of the peripheral ip-10 level is known in hbv-infected patients, the molecular basis of hbv infection inducing ip-10 expression has remained elusive. in the present study, we demonstrate that hepatitis b virus protein x (hbx) increases ip-10 expression in a dose-dependent manner. transfection of the hbx-expressing vector into hepg2 cells res ... | 2010 | 20164184 |
| hepatitis b virus x protein upregulates hsp90alpha expression via activation of c-myc in human hepatocarcinoma cell line, hepg2. | the hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) plays a major role in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) development, however, its contribution to tumor invasion and metastasis has not been established so far. heat shock protein 90 alpha (hsp90alpha) isoform is an atp-dependent molecular chaperone that maintains the active conformation of client oncoproteins in cancer cells, which is abundantly expressed in hcc, especially in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related tumors, might be involved in tumor progression. | 2010 | 20170530 |
| global burden of aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a risk assessment. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16-32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. aflatoxin, a contaminant produced by the fungi aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus in maize and nuts, is a known human liver carcinogen. | 2010 | 20172840 |
| a mutant of hbx (hbxdelta127) promotes hepatoma cell growth via sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c involving 5-lipoxygenase. | previously, we identified a natural mutant of hepatitis b virus x gene (hbx) with a deletion from 382 to 401 base pairs (termed hbxdelta127), which could potently enhance growth of hepatoma cells. in this study, we further investigated the mechanism of increased hepatoma cell growth that was mediated by hbxdelta127. | 2010 | 20173757 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic adenocarcinosarcoma in a patient with hepatitis b virus-related cirrhosis. | the authors present the case of a 48-year-old man with hepatitis b cirrhosis, who developed two primary malignant liver tumors that were morphologically distinct from each other. the first tumor was a hepatocellular carcinoma and the second tumor, detected 17 months later was a hepatic carcinosarcoma with cholangiocarcinomatous and sarcomatous components, without any hepatocellular carcinoma component. clonality studies using microsatellite-based loss of heterozygosity (loh) demonstrated differe ... | 2010 | 20175038 |
| heat stress cognate 70 host protein as a potential drug target against drug resistance in hepatitis b virus. | heat stress cognate 70 (hsc70) is a host protein associated with hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication. the goal of this study was to investigate whether hsc70 could be an anti-hbv drug target. our results showed that introducing hsc70 increased hbv replication in hbv(+) human hepatocytes (hepg2.2.15 cells). the coiled-coil region on hsc70 (nucleotides 1533 to 1608; amino acids 511 to 536) was the key sequence for hbv replication. knockdown of hsc70 expression by rna interference (rnai) largely in ... | 2010 | 20176893 |
| epigenetic silence of ankyrin-repeat-containing, sh3-domain-containing, and proline-rich-region- containing protein 1 (aspp1) and aspp2 genes promotes tumor growth in hepatitis b virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. | the ankyrin-repeat-containing, sh3-domain-containing, and proline-rich-region-containing protein (aspp) family of proteins regulates apoptosis through interaction with p53 and its family members. this study evaluated the epigenetic regulation of aspp1 and aspp2 in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and explores the effects of down-regulation of aspp1 and aspp2 on the development of hcc. hcc cell lines and tissues from hcc patients were used to examine the expression ... | 2010 | 20034025 |
| improvement of dendritic-based vaccine efficacy against hepatitis b virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by two tumor-associated antigen gene-infected dendritic cells. | recently, studies on dendritic cell (dc) vaccine have focused on the development of more effective dc vaccine regimen, such as the application of multiple tumor-associated antigen-targeted dc vaccine. this approach could be used to enhance efficacy of dc-based vaccine against tumors and infectious diseases. in this study, we analyzed whether dc from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be infected with the alpha-fetoprotein (afp) gene and/or hbsag gene (hepatocellular carcinoma-related ant ... | 2010 | 20036295 |
| hbv x protein interacts with cytoskeletal signaling proteins through sh3 binding. | the aim of this study was to investigate interactions between cellular sh3-containing proteins and the proline-rich domain in hepatitis b virus (hbv) x protein (hbx) the proline-rich domain of hbx (amino acids 19-58) as well as the relevant site-directed mutagenesis (proline to alanine residues) were cloned into pgex-5x-1 and expressed as gst-pxxp and gst-axxa probes. panomics sh3 domain arrays were probed using both gst-pxxp and gst-axxa to identify potential interacting sh3 domain containing p ... | 2010 | 20036864 |
| primary and secondary prevention of liver cancer caused by hbv. | primary cancer of the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma, hcc) is one of the most common cancers worldwide; hbv is the major cause of hcc. a vaccine that protects against hbv infection was invented in 1969 and is now one of the most commonly used vaccines. national vaccination programs have dramatically reduced the prevalence of hbv infection and carriers, with a concomitant decrease in the incidence of hcc in the vaccine-impacted populations. hbv vaccine is the first widely used cancer prevention ... | 2010 | 20036981 |
| [recommendations of gesida/pns/aeeh for the management and treatment of the adult patient co-infected with hiv and hepatitis a, b and c virus]. | this review updates clinical guidelines on hiv+ and hepatitis a, b and c in coinfected adult patients. | 2010 | 20116629 |
| autologus dendritic cell vaccine for chronic hepatitis b carriers: a pilot, open label, clinical trial in human volunteers. | antigen-presenting autologous dendritic cells (adcs), primed with antigen, have been used in immunotherapy. we evaluated adcs for treatment of chronic hepatitis b (chb). adcs were administered to 380 chb patients. virological, biochemical, and serological responses were evaluated in each patient over the course of 48 weeks. undetectable levels of hbv dna were reported in 46.36% of patients negative for the hepatitis b "e" antigen (hbeag) and 3.13% hbeag-positive patients. normalization of alanin ... | 2010 | 20117267 |
| new horizons for studying human hepatotropic infections. | the liver serves as a target organ for several important pathogens, including hepatitis b and c viruses (hbv and hcv, respectively) and the human malaria parasites, all of which represent serious global health problems. because these pathogens are restricted to human hepatocytes, research in small animals has been compromised by the frailty of the current mouse xenotransplantation models. in this issue of the jci, bissig et al. demonstrate robust hbv and hcv infection in a novel xenotransplantat ... | 2010 | 20179350 |
| human liver chimeric mice provide a model for hepatitis b and c virus infection and treatment. | a paucity of versatile small animal models of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection has been an impediment to both furthering understanding of virus biology and testing antiviral therapies. we recently described a regulatable system for repopulating the liver of immunodeficient mice (specifically mice lacking fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase [fah], recombination activating gene 2 [rag2], and the gamma-chain of the receptor for il-2 [il-2rgamma]) with human hepatocytes. here ... | 2010 | 20179355 |
| progressive painless lower limbs weakness in a dialyzed patient: undiagnosed tertiary syphilis: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20180955 |
| viruses and arthritis: new challenges in diagnosis, therapy, and immunization. | although many viruses produce musculoskeletal symptoms during an acute infection, a long-term inflammatory arthritis remains an unusual consequence. when evaluating arthritis in a patient with a chronic or latent viral infection, serologic testing and therapeutic options are significantly altered. | 2010 | 20186043 |
| association of a variant in mir 196a2 with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in male chinese patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas with regulatory functions as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. recent studies have implicated that the rs11614913 snp in mir196a2 was associated with susceptibility of lung cancer, congenital heart disease, breast cancer and shortened survival time of nonsmall cell lung cancer. to assess whether this polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to and clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), ... | 2010 | 20188135 |
| risk factors and prevalence of tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus among prisoners in pakistan. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of sexual- and injection drug use-related infections in male prisoners in karachi, pakistan. | 2010 | 20189863 |
| membranous nephropathy associated with chronic hepatitis b occurring in a short period after acute hepatitis b virus infection. | we herein present a case of membranous nephropathy associated with chronic hepatitis b following acute hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. a 22-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of proteinuria, pitting edema on both legs, and increased body weight in december 2002. at the age of 18, he had suffered from acute hepatitis a and syphilis, and was found to be negative for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). furthermore, he suffered from acute hepatitis b (ah-b) at the age of 21 ... | 2010 | 20190469 |
| association of mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms and hbv outcome in a south indian population. | mannose binding lectin (mbl) is an important innate immune system pattern recognition molecule. the mbl gene polymorphisms are reported to play a crucial role in outcome of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in this study, we ascertained the association of mbl genotypes with hbv outcome in a south indian population. the mbl gene polymorphisms at codons 52, 54 and 57 of exon i, and promoter polymorphisms at -221 were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer in spontaneously rec ... | 2010 | 20193030 |
| inhibition of stat1 methylation is involved in the resistance of hepatitis b virus to interferon alpha. | as a major therapy for hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, interferon alpha (ifn-alpha) triggers intracellular signal transduction including jak-stat pathway to produce various antiviral effector mechanisms. however, patients with chronic hepatitis b usually show low response to ifn-alpha treatment and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. in the present study, hepg2 and hepg2.2.15 cells were used to examine the type i ifn receptors expression, phosphorylation and methylation of stat1. stat1- ... | 2010 | 19857525 |
| quartan malaria-associated childhood nephrotic syndrome: now a rare clinical entity in malaria endemic nigeria. | the study determined (i) whether or not quartan malaria nephropathy (qmn) is still a major cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome (cns) in nigeria, (ii) secondary causes other than qmn and their associated glomerular pathology and (iii) renal and patient outcome. | 2010 | 19861316 |
| occupational blood exposure accidents in the netherlands. | to make proper evaluation of prevention policies possible, data on the incidence and associated medical costs of occupational blood exposure accidents in the netherlands are needed. | 2010 | 19864365 |
| hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus replication upregulates serine protease inhibitor kazal, resulting in cellular resistance to serine protease-dependent apoptosis. | hepatitis b and c viruses (hbv and hcv, respectively) are different and distinct viruses, but there are striking similarities in their disease potential. infection by either virus can cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and ultimately, liver cancer, despite the fact that no pathogenetic mechanisms are known which are shared by the two viruses. our recent studies have suggested that replication of either of these viruses upregulates a cellular protein called serine protease inhibitor kazal ... | 2010 | 19864383 |
| mycotoxins and human disease: a largely ignored global health issue. | aflatoxins and fumonisins (fb) are mycotoxins contaminating a large fraction of the world's food, including maize, cereals, groundnuts and tree nuts. the toxins frequently co-occur in maize. where these commodities are dietary staples, for example, in parts of africa, asia and latin america, the contamination translates to high-level chronic exposure. this is particularly true in subsistence farming communities where regulations to control exposure are either non-existent or practically unenforc ... | 2010 | 19875698 |
| hbcag18-27 epitope fused to hiv-tat 49-57 adjuvanted with cpg odn induces immunotherapeutic effects in transgenic mice. | successful immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is expected to be characterized by enhanced activation of immune responses. combining the specificity of hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope, the cell-penetrating property of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv)-tat peptide, and the adjuvanticity of cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) may elicit strong immune responses and therapeutic effects in hbv infection. we synthesized a fusion peptide ... | 2010 | 19883689 |
| expression of contactin associated protein-like 2 in a subset of hepatic progenitor cell compartment identified by gene expression profiling in hepatitis b virus-positive cirrhosis. | hepatic progenitor cells (hpc), a cell compartment capable of differentiating into hepatocytic and biliary lineages, may give rise to the formation of intermediate hepatobiliary cells (ihbc) or ductular reactions (dr). | 2010 | 19889080 |
| activity of sulfotransferase 1a1 is dramatically upregulated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | the phase i metabolizing enzyme and phase ii metabolizing enzyme play vital roles in carcinogenesis, but little is known about the changes of their activities in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) secondary to chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. in this study phenacetin, a probe drug (1 g for men and 0.85 g for women orally), was applied for the detection of sulfotransferase 1a1 (sult1a1) and cytochrome p4501a2 (cyp1a2) activities in 82 healthy participants and 148 hcc, 106 cirr ... | 2010 | 19906068 |
| increased killing of liver nk cells by fas/fas ligand and nkg2d/nkg2d ligand contributes to hepatocyte necrosis in virus-induced liver failure. | the role of liver nk cells in virus-induced severe viral hepatitis and, subsequently, hepatic failure is not well defined. in this study, we investigated the role of liver nk cells in the development of hepatocyte necrosis in fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) because of viral infection. a mouse model of fhf induced by murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (mhv-3) was used to study the role of liver nk cells. samples from patients with hepatitis b virus-related a ... | 2010 | 19949088 |
| role of the hbx oncoprotein in carbonic anhydrase 9 induction. | carbonic anhydrase 9 (ca9), as one of the most hypoxia-responsive genes, has been associated almost exclusively with hypoxic tumors. its principal role is in ph regulation which helps tumor cells overcome intracellular acidosis and survive extended periods of time with low oxygen. hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif-1) is the main transcriptional activator of ca9. hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx) has been shown to increase the transcriptional activity of hif-1. hbx is often expressed from the gene ... | 2010 | 19950233 |
| the hepatitis b viral x protein activates nf-kappab signaling pathway through the up-regulation of tbk1. | the hepatitis b viral x protein (hbx) is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in the activation of the nf-kappab signaling pathway. in this study, we demonstrate that hbx up-regulates expression of tank-binding kinase-1 (tbk1) at the transcriptional level. increased levels of tbk1 protein then induce the phosphorylation of nf-kappab p65 at serine 536. because tbk1 is up-regulated by hbx as part of its promotion of nf-kappab activation, it is possible that increased tbk1 levels play a role ... | 2010 | 19958770 |
| mitogenic regulation of p27(kip1) gene is mediated by ap-1 transcription factors. | the abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) during the cell cycle determines whether cells will proliferate or become quiescent. although the post-translational regulation of p27(kip1) is well established, its transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. here, we report that mitogenic stimulation of quiescent hek293 and huh7 cells showed a rapid decline in the levels of p27(kip1) transcript by 2.4 +/- 0.1-fold. inhibition of the p27(kip1) gene in response to mitogens involve ... | 2010 | 19959471 |
| routine hepatitis b virus dna testing in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with positive hepatitis b core antibody but negative hepatitis b surface antigen is not justified by current evidence. | 2010 | 19960553 | |
| effect of puberty onset on spontaneous hepatitis b virus e antigen seroconversion in men. | male predominance is a remarkable phenomenon in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related liver disease. this study elucidated the effects of puberty on spontaneous hepatitis b virus e antigen (hbeag) seroconversion in boys. | 2010 | 19962986 |
| a promiscuous alpha-helical motif anchors viral hijackers and substrate receptors to the cul4-ddb1 ubiquitin ligase machinery. | the cullin 4-dna-damage-binding protein 1 (cul4-ddb1) ubiquitin ligase machinery regulates diverse cellular functions and can be subverted by pathogenic viruses. here we report the crystal structure of ddb1 in complex with a central fragment of hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx), whose ddb1-binding activity is important for viral infection. the structure reveals that hbx binds ddb1 through an alpha-helical motif, which is also found in the unrelated paramyxovirus sv5-v protein despite their seque ... | 2010 | 19966799 |
| hepatitis b viral x protein alters the biological features and expressions of dna repair enzymes in lo2 cells. | this study aimed at examining the effects of hepatitis b viral x protein (hbx) on the biological features and the expression of dna repair enzymes in non-tumour human hepatic lo2 cells in vitro. | 2010 | 19968784 |
| hepatitis b virus: origin and evolution. | the pathogenesis of hepatitis b virus (hbv) is complex and it appears that molecular variants play a role in this process. hbv undergoes numerous rounds of error prone production within an infected host. the resulting quasispecies are heterogeneous and in the absence of archaeological records of past infection, the evolution of hbv can only be inferred indirectly from its epidemiology and by genetic analysis. this review gathered the controversies about the hbv origin and factors influencing its ... | 2010 | 20002567 |
| hepatitis b virus overexpresses suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (socs3) thereby contributing to severity of inflammation in the liver. | the mechanism by which hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection causes severe inflammatory liver diseases is multifactorial and related to interactions with cell signaling pathways and the ensuing inflammatory response. activation of jak/stat/socs signaling is essential for the induction of cellular antiviral responses, contributes to apoptosis and is negatively regulated by socs proteins. recent reports have shown that socs3 activation interferes with viral protein expression and treatment response an ... | 2010 | 20005910 |
| overexpression of toll-like receptor 2/4 on monocytes modulates the activities of cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells in chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | the significance of tlr expression and tregs in hbv infection has not been clearly described. in this report, flow cytometry was performed to assess tlr2/4 expression on monocytes and circulating cd4(+)cd25(+)cd127(low/-) tregs frequency of 16 acute hepatitis b (ahb), 42 chronic hepatitis b (chb), 22 asymptomatic hbv carriers (asc), and 20 normal controls (nc). we found that tlr2 and tlr4 were overexpressed on cd14(+) monocytes in hbv-infected patients as compared with ncs. upregulation of tlr2 ... | 2010 | 19945134 |
| nf-kappab signaling mediates the induction of mta1 by hepatitis b virus transactivator protein hbx. | metastasis-associated protein 1 (mta1), a master chromatin modifier, has been shown to regulate cancer progression and is widely upregulated in human cancer, including hepatitis b virus-associated hepatocellular carcinomas (hccs). here we provide evidence that hepatitis b virus transactivator protein hbx stimulates the expression of mta1 but not of mta2 or mta3. the underlying mechanism of hbx stimulation of mta1 involves hbx targeting of transcription factor nuclear factor (nf)-kappab and the r ... | 2010 | 20010875 |
| stimulation of inducible nitric oxide by hepatitis b virus transactivator protein hbx requires mta1 coregulator. | nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, including hepatitis b virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. transactivator protein hbx, a major regulator of cellular responses of hepatitis b virus, is known to induce the expression of mta1 (metastasis-associated protein 1) coregulator via nf-kappab signaling in hepatic cells. however, the underlying mechanism of hbx regulation of the inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) pathway remains unknown. here we prov ... | 2010 | 20022949 |
| acute urinary retention due to viral coinfections (hiv, hbv, vzv). | we report a case of acute urinary retention with meningoradiculoneuritis resulting from coinfection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv), hiv, and hepatitis b virus (hbv). the case is discussed in the context of other neurological syndromes associated with vzv and hiv infections, and of other viral causes of acute retention of urine. | 2010 | 20023052 |
| cooperation of tumor-derived hbx mutants and p53-249(ser) mutant in regulating cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and aneuploidy in a telomerase-immortalized normal human hepatocyte-derived cell line. | hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a common cancer, and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major etiological agent. convincing epidemiological and experimental evidence also links hcc to aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that produces a signature p53-249(ser) mutation. recently, we have reported that tumor-derived hbx variants encoded by hbv exhibited attenuated transactivation and proapoptotic functions but retained their ability to block p53-mediated apoptosis. these results indicate that mu ... | 2010 | 20017137 |
| occult hepatitis b infection in patients infected with hiv: report of two cases of hepatitis b reactivation and prevalence in a hospital cohort. | patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are particularly at risk of hepatitis b reactivation. two cases of patients infected with hiv with isolated anti-hbc antibodies who had experienced an hbv reactivation are described. in the two cases hbv reactivation occurred after withdrawal of anti-retroviral treatment with anti-hbv activity from the patients' highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), in accordance with hiv genotypic resistance profile ... | 2010 | 20029819 |
| hepatitis b and hepatitis c seroprevalence in children receiving antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in china, 2005-2009. | coinfection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) may compromise pediatric antiretroviral therapy (art) in china. in this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of hbv and hcv in children receiving art and associated factors. | 2010 | 20032784 |
| cost-effective control of chronic viral diseases: finding the optimal level of screening and contact tracing. | chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) afflict millions of people worldwide. a key public health challenge in managing such diseases is identifying infected, asymptomatic individuals so that they can receive antiviral treatment. such treatment can benefit both the treated individual (by improving quality and length of life) and the population as a whole (through reduced transmission). we develop a compartmental model of a chronic, treatable ... | 2010 | 20043926 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis b virus infection in a us cohort of hiv-infected individuals during the past 20 years. | the epidemiologic trends of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients over the past 20 years are largely unknown. | 2010 | 20047484 |
| the hepatitis b virus x protein modulates hepatocyte proliferation pathways to stimulate viral replication. | worldwide, there are over 350 million people who are chronically infected with the human hepatitis b virus (hbv); chronic hbv infections are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the results of various studies suggest that the hbv x protein (hbx) has a role in the development of hbv-associated hcc. hbx can regulate numerous cellular signal transduction pathways, including those that modulate cell proliferation. many previous studies that analyzed the impact of hbx on ... | 2010 | 20053744 |
| synthesis and the biological evaluation of arylnaphthalene lignans as anti-hepatitis b virus agents. | we have previously shown that helioxanthin can suppress human hepatitis b virus gene expression. a series of helioxanthin analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-hepatitis b virus activity. modifications at the lactone rings and methylenedioxy unit of helioxanthin can modulate the antiviral activity. among them, compound 32 is the most effective anti-hbv agent. compound 32 can suppress the secretion of viral surface antigen and e antigen in hepa2 cells with ec(50) values of 0.06 ... | 2010 | 20061158 |
| interventions to reduce needle stick injuries at a tertiary care centre. | occupational exposure to blood/body fluids is associated with risk of infection with blood borne pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv). | 2010 | 20061757 |
| single lysophosphatidylcholine components exhibit adjuvant activities in vitro and in vivo. | improving vaccine immunogenicity by developing new adjuvant formulations has long been a goal of vaccinologists. it has previously been shown that a natural mix of lysophosphatidylcholine (lpc) from chicken eggs promotes mature dendritic cell (dc) generation in vitro and primes antigen-specific immune responses in mice. in the present study, we dissected the adjuvant potentials of five individual lpc components found in the chicken egg mixture. in vitro analyses of the impact of the individual c ... | 2010 | 20071492 |
| the effect of human immunodeficiency virus on hepatitis b virus serologic status in co-infected adults. | factors associated with serologic hepatitis b virus (hbv) outcomes in hiv-infected individuals remain incompletely understood, yet such knowledge may lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of chronic hbv infection. | 2010 | 20084275 |
| incidence and risk factors for chronic elevation of alanine aminotransferase levels in hiv-infected persons without hepatitis b or c virus co-infection. | chronic liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients is mostly caused by hepatitis virus co-infection. other reasons for chronic alanine aminotransferase (alt) elevation are more difficult to diagnose. | 2010 | 20085465 |
| epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma: an update focusing on risk factors. | cholangiocarcinoma is relatively rare, but high incidence rates have been reported in eastern asia, especially in thailand. the etiology of this cancer of the bile ducts appears to be mostly due to specific infectious agents. in 2009, infections with the liver flukes, clonorchis sinensis or opistorchis viverrini, were both classified as carcinogenic to humans by the international agency for research on cancer for cholangiocarcinoma. in addition, a possible association between chronic infection w ... | 2010 | 20085587 |
| shea guideline for management of healthcare workers who are infected with hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and/or human immunodeficiency virus. | 2010 | 20088696 | |
| hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen interacts with and promotes cyclophilin a secretion: possible link to pathogenesis of hbv infection. | cyclophilin a (cypa), predominantly located intracellularly, is a multifunctional protein. we previously reported decreased cypa levels in hepatocytes of transgenic mice expressing hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag). in this study, we found that expression of hbv small surface protein (shbs) in human hepatoma cell lines specifically triggered cypa secretion, whereas shbs added extracellularly to culture medium did not. moreover, cypa secretion was not promoted by the expression of a ... | 2010 | 20089655 |
| interaction of hepatitis b virus core protein with human gipc1. | up to now, little is known about hepatitis b virus core protein (hbc) interactions with host-cell proteins, although such interactions might be essential for virus propagation and pathogenicity. in this work, a human liver cdna library was screened for proteins interacting with hbc. among several hbc-interacting partners selected, it interacted most strongly with the human protein gipc1. a common protein interaction domain, pdz, was identified as the region that is sufficient for the interaction ... | 2010 | 20091192 |
| ccl3l1 copy number is a strong genetic determinant of hiv seropositivity in caucasian intravenous drug users. | a high copy number of ccl3l1, the most potent human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-suppressive chemokine, associates with reduced hiv susceptibility. whether ccl3l1 influences acquisition of multiple blood-borne infections (eg, hepatitis c virus [hcv], hiv, and hepatitis b virus [hbv] infections), which occur commonly among injection drug users (idus), is unknown. | 2010 | 20095832 |
| preclinical development of as04. | recent knowledge on vaccine-induced immunity led to the development of vaccine adjuvant systems specially designed and adapted to vaccine needs. as04 is such a tailored adjuvant system developed by glaxosmithkline biologicals. this chapter focuses on the methods that were used during the preclinical evaluation of as04. as04 consists of the combination of aluminum salts and 3(')-o-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl), a detoxified lipid a derivative with retained immunostimulatory capa- city. ... | 2010 | 20099118 |
| novel double-antigen sandwich immunoassay for human hepatitis b core antibody. | a novel diagnostic immunoassay testing procedure for hepatitis b virus core antibody (anti-hbc) using homogeneous purified full-length hepatitis b virus core antigen (hbcag) capsids obtained from escherichia coli was compared with abbott architect anti-hbc chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (cmia; indirect method) against a library of specimens. a monoclonal anti-hbc neutralization confirmatory assay was then used to determine the degree of discordance between specimens. the new assay wa ... | 2010 | 20107008 |
| urg11 promotes gastric cancer growth and invasion by activation of beta-catenin signalling pathway. | upregulated gene 11 (urg11), a new gene upregulated by hepatitis b virus x protein (hbx), was previously shown to activate beta-catenin and promote hepatocellular growth and tumourigenesis. although the oncogenic role of urg11 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma has been well documented, its relevance to other human malignancies and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. here we reported a novel function of urg11 to promote gastric cancer growth and metastasis. ur ... | 2010 | 19413886 |