Publications

simultaneous detection by pcr of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium in artificially inoculated wheat grain.	a multiplex pcr procedure was established to detect escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium in artificially inoculated wheat grain. the pcr protocol with an enrichment step successfully detected all three organisms inoculated together in non-autoclaved wheat grain. after a one day enrichment, e. coli, l. monocytogenes and s. typhimurium were detected at levels of 56, 1800 and <54 cfu/ml, respectively, in the initial sample. for l. monocytogenes, an improved detection ...	2006	16797761
identification of a cross-reactive hla-drb1*0301-restricted cd4 t cell response directed against cholesterol-binding cytolysins from two different pathogens.	cholesterol-binding cytolysins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of pore-forming proteins expressed by different gram-positive pathogens. listeriolysin o, one well-characterized member of the cytolysin family, is also known to induce specific cd4 and cd8 t cell responses upon infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes. here we describe an hla-drb10301-restricted listeriolysin o-derived t cell epitope that is conserved among several members of the cytolysin family. an hla-drb1030 ...	2006	16798043
outbreak of human listeriosis associated with tomme cheese in northwest switzerland, 2005.	during an eight week period in spring 2005, 10 cases of listeriosis were reported in a small area of northwest switzerland (150,000 inhabitants). eight cases were in older immunocompromised patients who became ill with bacteraemia (three deaths), and two cases were in pregnant women who had septic abortion. all cases were due to a serotype 1/2a isolate with one of two pulsovars found by pfge. patient interviews quickly revealed that a locally made and distributed soft cheese (known as 'tomme') w ...	2006	16801693
listeria outbreak associated with sandwich consumption from a hospital retail shop, united kingdom.	an outbreak of listeriosis occurred in the swindon area of the uk in autumn 2003. five cases were detected in pregnant women. four of these women were thought to have eaten prepacked sandwiches from a retail outlet in one particular hospital. sampling at the supplier detected listeria monocytogenes, which was indistinguishable on molecular testing from the patients isolates. recent changes in uk food legislation should help diminish the risk of further outbreaks/cases such as ours occurring.	2006	16801694
significant increase of listeriosis in germany--epidemiological patterns 2001-2005.	listeriosis has been a mandatorily notifiable disease in germany since january 2001. clinical cases with isolation of listeria monocytogenes from sterile specimens or neonates are reported to the robert koch-institut. listeriosis incidence significantly increased from 0.26 per 100 000 inhabitants (217 cases) in 2001 to 0.62 per 100 000 (519 cases) in 2005. the increase only occurred among non pregnancy-associated cases and was mainly due to a rise in cases in the age group > or =60 years. the hi ...	2006	16801695
surveillance of listeriosis in finland during 1995-2004.	we analysed the surveillance data from listeriosis cases notified to the finnish national infectious diseases register between 1995 and 2004 and describe our recent experience in investigating clusters of listeriosis cases. the number of annual cases varied between 18 and 53 but no trends in incidence were identified (average annual incidence was 7 cases per million inhabitants). only a few cases affected pregnant women or newborns. most of the patients were elderly people with non-malignant und ...	2006	16801696
surveillance of human listeriosis in france, 2001-2003.	mandatory notification of listeriosis began in france in 1999. enhanced public health surveillance, including routine molecular characterisation of listeria monocytogenes strains, epidemiologic follow up of cases, and collection of food samples, has improved the sensitivity of outbreak detection and response. the incidence of listeriosis declined from 4.5 cases/million in 1999-2000 to approximately 3.5 cases/million during the period 2001-2003. clinical, demographic and microbiological character ...	2006	16801697
a multifunctional micro-fluidic system for dielectrophoretic concentration coupled with immuno-capture of low numbers of listeria monocytogenes.	in this study, we demonstrated a micro-fluidic system with multiple functions, including concentration of bacteria using dielectrophoresis (dep) and selective capture using antibody recognition, resulting in a high capture efficiency of bacterial cells. the device consisted of an array of oxide covered interdigitated electrodes on a flat silicon substrate and a approximately 16 microm high and approximately 260 microm wide micro-channel within a pdms cover. for selective capture of listeria mono ...	2006	16804594
fluorescence microscopy of nacl-stressed, elongated salmonella and listeria cells reveals the presence of septa in filaments.	the cell morphology of salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes after the application of stress was examined. cells were stressed by plating the bacteria on tryptone soya agar (tsa) plates, with 5-10% nacl. the plates were subsequently incubated for 6 days at 25 degrees c. finally, the cells were harvested and subjected to different fluorescent probes in order to visualize the possible presence of septa in elongated cells. use of the stain 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi), which is ...	2006	16806551
first results of the active surveillance of listeria monocytogenes infections in the netherlands reveal higher than expected incidence.		2006	16809829
structure-based synthetic mimicry of discontinuous protein binding sites: inhibitors of the interaction of mena evh1 domain with proline-rich ligands.	the mena evh1 domain, a protein-interaction module involved in actin-based cell motility, recognizes proline-rich ligand motifs, which are also present in the sequence of the surface protein acta of listeria monocytogenes. the interaction of acta with host mena evh1 enables the bacterium to actively recruit host actin in order to spread into neighboring cells. based on the crystal structure of mena evh1 in complex with a polyproline peptide ligand, we have generated a range of assembled peptides ...	2006	16810654
technological characterization of a bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus sakei and its use in fermented sausages production.	the aim of this paper was the technological characterization of a lactobacillus sakei strain, able to produce the bacteriocin sakacin p, that was originally isolated from naturally fermented sausages. experiments were conducted in situ, using mrs-based medium, and in situ, when the strain was inoculated as starter culture in real sausage fermentation. the results obtained underlined that the strain was able to grow in conditions that are commonly used in the production line, and only lactose and ...	2006	16814893
detection of listeria monocytogenes in food using a combined enrichment/real-time pcr method targeting the prfa gene.	a combined enrichment/real-time pcr method for the detection of listeria monocytogenes is presented. the method is based on a conventional pcr assay targeting the prfa gene, which has been validated and suggested as an international standard pcr method for identifying l. monocytogenes in food. this real-time pcr assay includes an internal amplification control. inclusivity and exclusivity were 100% each when testing 100 l. monocytogenes isolates, 30 listeria spp. isolates other than l. monocytog ...	2006	16814987
pathogenic role for virus-specific cd4 t cells in mice with coronavirus-induced acute encephalitis.	acute viral encephalitis is believed to result from direct virus destruction of infected cells and from virus-induced host immune response, but the relative contribution of each remains largely unknown. for example, c57bl/6 (b6) mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus (jhm strain, jhmv) develop severe encephalitis, with death occurring within 7 days. here, we show that the host response to a single jhmv-specific immunodominant cd4 t-cell epitope is critical for severe disease. we engineered a r ...	2006	16816374
comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity.	the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ...	2006	16819902
differential expansion, activation and effector functions of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mouse tissues transiently infected with listeria monocytogenes.	dendritic cells (dc) are crucial in generating immunity to infection. here we characterize changes in dc in terms of number, activation and effector functions, focusing on conventional dc (cdc) and plasmacytoid dc (pdc), in listeria-infected mice. kinetic studies showed a subset- and tissue-specific expansion of cdc and upregulation of cd80 and cd86 on splenic and mesenteric lymph node (mln) cdc after intragastric infection. expansion of pdc was more prolonged than cdc, and pdc upregulated cd86 ...	2006	16819969
isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods in florida.	of 3,063 ready-to-eat food samples tested, 91 (2.97%) were positive for listeria monocytogenes, and lineage 1 strains outnumbered lineage 2 strains 57 to 34. seventy-one isolates (78%) exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, and an l. monocytogenes-specific bacteriophage cocktail lysed 65 of 91 (71%) isolates. determining phage, acid, and antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes enabled us to identify differences among strains which were otherwise indistinguishable by conventional methods.	2006	16820508
feature extraction from light-scatter patterns of listeria colonies for identification and classification.	bacterial contamination by listeria monocytogenes not only puts the public at risk, but also is costly for the food-processing industry. traditional biochemical methods for pathogen identification require complicated sample preparation for reliable results. optical scattering technology has been used for identification of bacterial cells in suspension, but with only limited success. therefore, to improve the efficacy of the identification process using our novel imaging approach, we analyze bact ...	2006	16822056
inhibition of membrane bound atpases of escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes by plant oil aromatics.	previous studies have reported that the mechanism of bactericidal action of the plant oil aromatics, eugenol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde involves inhibition of adenosine triphosphate generation and membrane disruption. in this study the capacity of the aromatics to inhibit the membrane bound atpase activity of escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes was investigated by experiments on isolated membranes. inhibition of the atpase activity of e. coli membranes was observed with 5 mm or 10 mm ...	2006	16828188
phage for rapid detection and control of bacterial pathogens in food.		2006	16829259
an updated review of listeria monocytogenes in the pork meat industry and its products.	pork meat and processed pork products have been the sources of outbreaks of listeriosis in france and in other european countries during the last decade. the aim of this review is to understand how contamination, survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes can occur in pork meat products. this study discusses the presence of l. monocytogenes in raw pork meat, in the processing environment and in finished products. the prevalence of l. monocytogenes generally increases from the farm to the manu ...	2006	16834586
comparative evaluation of adhesion, surface properties, and surface protein composition of listeria monocytogenes strains after cultivation at constant ph of 5 and 7.	to analyse the cellular mechanisms that influence listeria monocytogenes adhesion onto inert surfaces under acidic growth conditions.	2006	16834591
antimicrobial potential of four lactobacillus strains isolated from breast milk.	the antimicrobial potential of four lactobacilli (lactobacillus salivarius cect5713, lactobacillus gasseri cect5714, l. gasseri cect5715 and lactobacillus fermentum cect5716), isolated from fresh human breast milk, was evaluated in this study and compared with lactobacillus coryniformis cect5711, a reuterin-producing strain isolated from an artisan goat's cheese.	2006	16834593
the cadmium transport sites of cada, the cd2+-atpase from listeria monocytogenes.	cada, the cd(2+)-atpase from listeria monocytogenes, belongs to the zn(2+)/cd(2+)/pb(2+)-atpase bacterial subfamily of p(1b)-atpases that ensure detoxification of the bacteria. whereas it is the major determinant of listeria resistance to cd(2+), cada expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae severely decreases yeast tolerance to cd(2+) (wu, c. c., bal, n., pérard, j., lowe, j., boscheron, c., mintz, e., and catty, p. (2004) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 324, 1034-1040). this phenotype, which refle ...	2006	16835223
characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from the brazilian atlantic forest.	a bacillus strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain has high sequence similarity with bacillus amyloliquefaciens. the antimicrobial substance was inhibitory to pathogenic and food-spoilage bacteria, such as listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pasteurella haemolytica. it was stable over a wide temperature range, but lost activity when the temperatu ...	2006	16835841
crystal structure of phosphatidylglycerophosphatase (pgpase), a putative membrane-bound lipid phosphatase, reveals a novel binuclear metal binding site and two "proton wires".	phosphatidylglycerophosphatase (pgpase), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, catalyzes formation of phosphatidylglycerol from phosphatidylglycerophosphate. phosphatidylglycerol is a multifunctional phospholipid, found in the biological membranes of many organisms. here, we report the crystal structure of listeria monocytogenes pgpase at 1.8 a resolution. pgpase, an all-helical molecule, forms a homotetramer. each protomer contains an independent active site with two metal ions, ca(2+) and mg ...	2006	16838328
ecology of listeria spp. in a fish farm and molecular typing of listeria monocytogenes from fish farming and processing companies.	this study focused on the ecology of listeria monocytogenes in a fish farm by following the changes in its occurrence in different types of samples for a three year period. in addition, l. monocytogenes isolates from different seafood industry areas were compared with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing to discover possible associations between primary production, further processing and final products. weather conditions were found to have a strong influence on the probability of find ...	2006	16842875
serological and molecular ecology of listeria monocytogenes isolates collected from 13 french pork meat salting-curing plants and their products.	the purpose of this study was dual: 1. to evaluate the serotype distribution of 1028 listeria monocytogenes isolates collected in 13 french salting factories and their products and 2. to identify sources of l. monocytogenes contamination in these factories and trace the routes of spread by pfge (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) typing. serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 4b and 4e occurred. pulsotype diversity was high among strains collected in plants and products. furthermore, strains showing similar ...	2006	16843563
isolation of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus plantarum strains from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso.	a collection of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ben saalga, a traditional fermented gruel from burkina faso, was screened for bacteriocin production. seven isolates were selected for their broad antimicrobial spectra, which overall included strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis, enterococcus faecalis, listeria innocua, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. cluster analysis of rapd-pcr patterns revealed that six of the isolates re ...	2006	16844251
ph and solute concentration of suspension media affect the outcome of high hydrostatic pressure treatment of listeria monocytogenes.	the effect of ph and solute concentration of suspension media on high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) induced inactivation of listeria monocytogenes (approximate 10(8) cfu/ml) was investigated by the using treatment between 300 mpa and 600 mpa at 25 degrees c for 10 min. the suspension media used in this study represented different concentrations (0.1% to 10%) of buffered peptone water (bpw) with an adjusted ph of 4 to 7. an increase in the concentration of bpw resulted in a decreased hhp-induced ina ...	2006	16844252
listeria monocytogenes traffics from maternal organs to the placenta and back.	infection with listeria monocytogenes is a significant health problem during pregnancy. this study evaluates the role of trafficking between maternal organs and placenta in a pregnant guinea pig model of listeriosis. after intravenous inoculation of guinea pigs, the initial ratio of bacteria in maternal organs to placenta was 10(3)-10(4):1. rapid increase of bacteria in the placenta changed the ratio to 1:1 after 24 h. utilizing two wild-type strains, differentially marked by their susceptibilit ...	2006	16846254
detection of bacterial toxins with monosaccharide arrays.	a large number of bacterial toxins, viruses and bacteria target carbohydrate derivatives on the cell surface to attach and gain entry into the cell. we report here the use of a monosaccharide-based array to detect protein toxins. the array-based technique provides the capability to perform simultaneous multianalyte analyses. arrays of n-acetyl galactosamine (galnac) and n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) derivatives were immobilized on the surface of a planar waveguide and were used as receptors f ...	2006	15946840
dna vaccines against enteric infections.	the first dna vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases were described in 1993 and have since been shown to generate protective humoral and cellular immune responses to numerous infectious agents. for enteric infections, protective immunity has been obtained with dna vaccines against several enteric viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents. inoculation of dna vaccines has generally been by intramuscular injection or by gene gun delivery of vaccine dna-coated gold microparticles into the skin. ...	2006	16095769
expression and purification of human antimicrobial peptide, dermcidin, in escherichia coli.	human dermcidin, an anionic antimicrobial peptide expressed in the pons of the brain and the sweat glands, displays antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. here, we describe the recombinant production of a 48 amino acid dermcidin variant with c-terminal homoserine lactone (dcd-1hsl). dermcidin coding sequence was cloned downstream of a 125 amino acid ketosteroid isomerase gene and upstream of a his6tag sequence in pet-31b(+) ve ...	2006	16125410
a case of rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes successfully treated with linezolid.	infection of the central nervous system due to listeria monocytogenes is uncommon. the treatment of choice is ampicillin. we describe in this report a case of rhombencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes successfully treated with linezolid. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which linezolid was used to treat infection of the central nervous system caused by this organism.	2006	16126275
statistical analysis of inactivation of listeria monocytogenes subjected to high hydrostatic pressure and heat in milk buffer.	previous unpublished experimental results of fractional factorial experiments showed that significant external factors affecting high-pressure processing (hpp) inactivation were pressure, temperature, and pressure holding time. based on these results, response surface methodology (rsm) was employed in the present work, and a quadratic equation for hpp inactivation was built with rsm. by analyzing response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots and by solving the quadratic equation, ...	2006	16158281
a novel method for measuring lag times in division of individual bacterial cells using image analysis.	a method is presented for determining the time to first division of individual bacterial cells growing on agar media. bacteria were inoculated onto agar-coated slides and viewed by phase-contrast microscopy. digital images of the growing bacteria were captured at intervals and the time to first division estimated by calculating the "box area ratio". this is the area of the smallest rectangle that can be drawn around an object, divided by the area of the object itself. the box area ratios of cell ...	2006	16169621
immunization with a gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inserted with a single helper t-cell epitope of an intracellular bacterium induces a specific t-cell subset and protective immunity.	we evaluated here the effect of immunization with a gene encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) inserted with a helper t cell (th) epitope, listeriolysin o (llo) 215-226 derived from listeria monocytogenes on induction of a specific th by gene gun bombardment. immunization of c3h/he mice with pgm215m plasmid encoding murine gm-csf inserted with llo 215-226 th epitope gave the epitope-specific proliferative responses of cd4(+) t lymphocytes. in addition, specific inter ...	2006	16169635
automated image analysis of bacterial colony growth as a tool to study individual lag time distributions of immobilized cells.	a method to determine the individual lag time (lag) distributions of immobilized bacteria was presented. the method was based on the image analysis of the bacterial colony growth. the lag distributions were retrieved from the distributions of the detection times (td) required to form macroscopically visible colonies. using this method, the lag distributions on agar for listeria monocytogenes cells previously subjected to two situations reproducing conditions encountered during the contamination ...	2006	16185781
rhesus macaques with high levels of vaccine induced ifn-gamma producing cells better control viral set-point following challenge with siv239.	hiv-1 specific cellular immune responses play a significant part in controlling hiv-1 viral replication and are an important component of an hiv-1 vaccine induced immune response. we reported earlier that recombinant dna vaccine delivered intramuscularly, and recombinant listeria monocytogenes, delivered orally induced cd8+ and cd4+ t cell immune responses in rhesus macaques and that this vaccine protocol showed partial protection against an siv239 challenge. in this paper, we have analyzed the ...	2006	16185790
phospholipase c-gamma2 is essential for nk cell cytotoxicity and innate immunity to malignant and virally infected cells.	phospholipase c-gamma2 (plc-gamma2) is a key component of signal transduction in leukocytes. in natural killer (nk) cells, plc-gamma2 is pivotal for cellular cytotoxicity; however, it is not known which steps of the cytolytic machinery it regulates. we found that plc-gamma2-deficient nk cells formed conjugates with target cells and polarized the microtubule-organizing center, but failed to secrete cytotoxic granules, due to defective calcium mobilization. consequently, cytotoxicity was completel ...	2006	16204312
novel collectin/c1q receptor mediates mast cell activation and innate immunity.	mast cells play a critical role in innate immunity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. the receptor/ligand interactions that mediate mast cell activation are poorly defined. the alpha2beta1 integrin, a receptor for collagens, laminins, decorin, e-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (mmp-1), endorepellin, and several viruses, has been implicated in normal developmental, inflammatory, and oncogenic processes. we recently reported that alpha2 integrin subunit-deficient mice exhibited markedly dimin ...	2006	16166590
comparative characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from portuguese farmhouse ewe's cheese and from humans.	in order to investigate the possible relationships between listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from farmhouse ewe's cheese and clinical strains collected, in partially overlapping dates, from the same geographical area in portugal, a total of 109 isolates from seven ewe's cheese manufactures (n=94) and from humans (n=15) were characterized by serotyping, rapd, pfge and allelic analysis of the virulent acta gene. serotyping indicated the presence of four different serovars: 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c a ...	2006	16216366
effect of temperature, water-phase salt and phenolic contents on listeria monocytogenes growth rates on cold-smoked salmon and evaluation of secondary models.	salting and smoking are ancient processes for fish preservation. the effects of salt and phenolic smoke compounds on the growth rate of l. monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon were investigated through physico-chemical analyses, challenge tests on surface of cold-smoked salmon at 4 degrees c and 8 degrees c, and a survey of the literature. estimated growth rates were compared to predictions of existing secondary models, taking into account the effects of temperature, water phase salt content, phe ...	2006	16216370
use of bayesian modelling in risk assessment: application to growth of listeria monocytogenes and food flora in cold-smoked salmon.	an attempt to use a bayesian approach to model variability and uncertainty separately in microbial growth in a risk assessment is presented. it was conducted within the framework of a french project aiming at assessing the exposure to listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon. the chosen model describes the effect of time and temperature on bacterial growth. a bayesian approach close to the one proposed by pouillot et al. [int. j. food microbiol. 81 (2003) 87] is used to estimate the variabil ...	2006	16216374
purification and characterization of curvaticin l442, a bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus l442.	lactobacillus curvatus l442, isolated from greek traditional fermented sausage prepared without the addition of starters, produces a bacteriocin, curvaticin l442, which is active against the pathogen listeria monocytogenes. the bacteriocin was purified by 50% ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation exchange, reverse phase and gel filtration chromatography. partial n-terminal sequence analysis using edman degradation revealed 30 amino acid residues, revealing high homology with the amino acid seq ...	2006	16244793
prolonged dysphagia due to listeria-rhombencephalitis with brainstem abscess and acute polyradiculoneuritis.	we report a case of previously healthy student with acute rhombencephalitis and brainstem abscess caused by listeria monocytogenes. the disease begun with uncharacteristic prodromal symptoms of gastrointestinal infection followed by headache and vertigo. after hospital admission the patient rapidly deteriorated, presenting pronounced dysphagia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. the diagnosis was established upon clinical symptoms of infection, brainstem involvement, typica ...	2006	16260041
effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water on reducing listeria monocytogenes contamination on seafood processing surfaces.	the effects of electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water on reducing listeria monocytogenes contamination on seafood processing surfaces were studied. chips (5 x 5 cm(2)) of stainless steel sheet (ss), ceramic tile (ct), and floor tile (ft) with and without crabmeat residue on the surface were inoculated with l. monocytogenes and soaked in tap or eo water for 5 min. viable cells of l. monocytogenes were detected on all chip surfaces with or without crabmeat residue after being held at room temperature f ...	2006	16219378
use of phenolic compounds for sensitizing listeria monocytogenes to high-pressure processing.	three listeria monocytogenes strains (scott a, osy-8578, and osy-328) that differ considerably in barotolerance were grown to stationary phase and suspended individually in phosphate buffer (ph 7.0). twelve phenolic compounds, including commercially used food additives, were screened for the ability to sensitize l. monocytogenes to high-pressure processing (hpp). each l. monocytogenes strain was exposed to each of the 12 phenolic compounds (100 ppm each) for 60 min; this was followed by a pressu ...	2006	16226329
a systematic approach to determine global thermal inactivation parameters for various food pathogens.	thermal inactivation of pathogens has been studied extensively, which has resulted in a wide range of d- and z-values. estimating the inactivation rate for a specific condition based on these reported values is difficult, since one has to select representative conditions, and data obtained exactly at the required representative conditions are generally not available. therefore, a first step could be to globally assess a heat treatment taking into account largest effects only. once the most impor ...	2006	16274824
light enhances the bactericidal activity of human monocytes and neutrophils via hvem.	human monocytes and neutrophils play major roles in clearing bacteria from human blood and tissues. we found that the herpes virus entry mediator (hvem) was highly expressed in monocytes and neutrophils, and its interaction with "homologous to lymphotoxins, shows inducible expression, and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d for hvem/tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-related 2" (light) enhanced bactericidal activity against listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the light-hvem ...	2006	16275888
quantification of listeria monocytogenes in salads by real time quantitative pcr.	a real time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr) was carried out purifying dna extracts of listeria monocytogenes using a high pure listeria sample preparation kit and quantifying in a lightcycler system with hybridisation probes. a standard curve was constructed with serial dilutions. a range linear relationship, from 10 to 10(5)l. monocytogenes colony forming units (cfu), was observed between threshold cycle (ct) and logarithmic concentration of the serial dilutions. the assay was linear in a range from ...	2006	16289408
multiple synergizing factors contribute to the strength of the cd8+ t cell response against listeriolysin o.	immunodominance in cd8+ t cell responses against listeria monocytogenes is a well-recognized but still not fully understood phenomenon. from listeriolysin, the major virulence factor of l. monocytogenes, only a single epitope, pllo91-99, is presented by mhc class i molecules in balb/c mice which dominates the cytotoxic t cell response against this bacterial pathogen. to obtain more insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immunodominance of this particular epitope, we compa ...	2006	16291651
a study of the role of multiple site blood cultures in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis.	the optimal number of blood cultures needed to document sepsis in an ill neonate has undergone little critical evaluation. multiple site cultures may improve pathogen detection if intermittent bacteremia occurs, or if a low density of bacteria is present in the blood. we hypothesized, however, that bacterial clearance is slower and bacteremia more continuous in septic neonates, so that a single site blood culture should be sufficient to accurately document true septicemia.objective:to determine ...	2006	16292335
influence of kinetic parameters of high pressure processing on bacterial inactivation in a buffer system.	high pressure processing is recently applied in the food industry to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. bacterial cells exhibit various barosensibility, and the role of pressurization, depressurization and constant pressure stage remain unknown. we investigated the effect of high pressure processing on salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes cells at 400 and 500 mpa respectively in buffer ph 7 at 20 degrees c. we applied various pressurization/depressurization kinetic r ...	2006	16293331
detection of listeria monocytogenes and the toxin listeriolysin o in food.	listeria monocytogenes is an emerging bacterial foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an illness characterized by meningitis, encephalitis, and septicaemia. less commonly, infection can result in cutaneous lesions and flu-like symptoms. in pregnant women, the pathogen can cause bacteraemia, and stillbirth or premature birth of the fetus. the mortality rate for those contracting listeriosis is approximately 20%. currently, the united states has a zero tolerance policy regarding the pres ...	2006	16310269
establishment of an experimental system allowing immobilization of proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis cells.	gram-positive bacteria code for one or more enzymes termed sortases which catalyze the covalent anchoring of substrate proteins on their cell wall. they recognize an amino acid sequence designated sorting motif, present close to the c-terminal end of the substrate proteins, cleave within this motif and catalyze anchoring of the polypeptide chain to the peptide crossbridge linking the peptidoglycan strands in a transpeptidation reaction. bacillus subtilis has been reported to code for two differe ...	2006	16310271
il-12-assisted immunization against listeria monocytogenes using replication-restricted vsv-based vectors.	co-administration of il-12 with vaccine immunogens has proven to be an effective strategy for eliciting potent th1-biased immunity. unfortunately, the use of il-12 as a vaccine component has been limited because it is unstable at ambient temperatures, expensive to produce, and toxic when administered at excessive dosages. using reverse genetics, we created a recombinant replication-restricted vesicular stomatitis virus that expresses large quantities of an il-12 fusion protein (vsvdeltag-il12f), ...	2006	16310294
sequencing and expression analysis of the sakacin p bacteriocin produced by a lactobacillus sakei strain isolated from naturally fermented sausages.	a lactobacillus sakei strain, designated as i151 and isolated from naturally fermented sausages, was found to produce the sakacin p bacteriocin which is active against listeria monocytogenes. in this study, we performed the sequencing of the gene cluster involved in the production of the sakacin p, and we followed the expression of the sppa gene, encoding for the bacteriocin, in vitro, using rogosa-sharpe medium, and in situ, inoculating the strain in fermented sausages as starter culture. the r ...	2006	16231175
monitoring changes in nisin susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes scott a as an indicator of growth phase using facs.	listeria monocytogenes has previously been shown to adapt to a wide variety of environmental niches, principally those associated with low ph, and this compromises its control in food environments. an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which l. monocytogenes survives unfavourable environmental conditions will aid in developing new food processing methods to control the organism in foodstuffs. the present study aimed to gain a further understanding of the physiological basis for the differentia ...	2006	16316702
nationwide outbreak of listeriosis due to contaminated meat.	we used molecular subtyping to investigate an outbreak of listeriosis involving residents of 24 us states. we defined a case as infection with listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b yielding one of several closely related patterns when subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. patients infected with strains yielding different patterns were used as controls. a total of 108 cases were identified with 14 associated deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. a case-control study implicated meat fr ...	2006	16318652
gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts.	gastrointestinal infections in the immunocompromised host continue to have significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. they all have similar exposures to viruses, bacteria and parasites and respond to these infections in a similar way. this review will summarize the latest reports on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of known and emerging infections over the last 12 months.	2006	16319672
multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in us regulatory policy.	listeriosis, a life-threatening foodborne illness caused by listeria monocytogenes, affects approximately 2500 americans annually. between july and october 2002, an uncommon strain of l. monocytogenes caused an outbreak of listeriosis in 9 states.	2006	16323088
characterization of the bifunctional gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/glutathione synthetase (gshf) of pasteurella multocida.	glutamate-cysteine ligase (gamma-ecl) and glutathione synthetase (gs) are the two unrelated ligases that constitute the glutathione biosynthesis pathway in most eukaryotes, purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria. gamma-ecl is a member of the glutamine synthetase family, whereas gs enzymes group together with highly diverse carboxyl-to-amine/thiol ligases, all characterized by the so-called two-domain atp-grasp fold. this generalized scheme toward the formation of glutathione, however, is incomplete, ...	2006	16339152
presentation of self-antigens on mhc class ii molecules during dendritic cell maturation.	little is known about how dendritic cells (dcs) maintain a balance between tolerance and immunity for antigens synthesized by dcs themselves. using transgenic dcs expressing a model self-antigen, in vitro self-peptide-mhc class ii complex formation and presentation increased with dc maturation, as for exogenous antigens. in vivo, however, even 'immature' dcs isolated from steady-state lymph nodes expressed mhc at mature cell levels, although many were also cd86 low. adoptive transfer of naive sp ...	2006	16361313
subversion of cellular functions by listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that is able to invade and multiply within eukaryotic cells. its intracellular life-cycle includes pathogen-induced phagocytosis, lysis of the phagocytic vacuole, movement in the cytoplasmic environment, and a cell-to-cell spread mechanism. many l. monocytogenes virulence factors have been studied in detail, certain of which subvert specific eukaryotic cell functions in order to favour infection. during entry, the invasion protein inla takes ad ...	2006	16362984
listeria monocytogenes activated p38 mapk and induced il-8 secretion in a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1-dependent manner in endothelial cells.	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) proteins serve as intracellular pattern recognition molecules recognizing peptidoglycans. to further examine intracellular immune recognition, we used listeria monocytogenes as an organism particularly amenable for studying innate immunity to intracellular pathogens. in contrast to wild-type l. monocytogenes, the nonpathogenic listeria innocua, or l. monocytogenes mutants lacking internalin b or listeriolysin o, poorly invaded host cells and escape ...	2006	16365441
il-15 regulates cd8+ t cell contraction during primary infection.	during the course of acute infection with an intracellular pathogen, ag-specific t cells proliferate in the expansion phase, and then most of the t cells die by apoptosis in the following contraction phase, but the few that survive become memory cells and persist for a long period of time. although il-15 is known to play an important role in long-term maintenance of memory cd8+ t cells, the potential roles of il-15 in cd8+ t cell contraction are not known. using an adoptive transfer system of ot ...	2006	16365444
carbon metabolism of intracellular bacteria.	bacterial metabolism has been studied intensively since the first observations of these 'animalcules' by leeuwenhoek and their isolation in pure cultures by pasteur. metabolic studies have traditionally focused on a small number of model organisms, primarily the gram negative bacillus escherichia coli, adapted to artificial culture conditions in the laboratory. comparatively little is known about the physiology and metabolism of wild microorganisms living in their natural habitats. for approxima ...	2006	16367862
cytolysin-dependent delay of vacuole maturation in macrophages infected with listeria monocytogenes.	the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes (lm) evades the antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages by escaping from vacuoles to the cytosol, through the action of the cytolysin listeriolysin o (llo). because of heterogeneities in the timing and efficiency of escape, important questions about the contributions of llo to lm vacuole identity and trafficking have been inaccessible. expression of cyan fluorescent protein (cfp)-labelled endocytic membrane markers in macrophages along with a yellow ...	2006	16367870
identification of the insulin-like growth factor ii receptor as a novel receptor for binding and invasion by listeria monocytogenes.	the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes causes a life-threatening disease known as listeriosis. the mechanism by which l. monocytogenes invades mammalian cells is not fully understood, but the processes involved may provide targets to prevent and treat listeriosis. here, for the first time, we have identified the insulin-like growth factor ii receptor (igfiir; also known as the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (ci)m6pr or cd222) as a novel receptor for binding and invas ...	2006	16369013
invasion of the placenta during murine listeriosis.	feto-placental infections due to listeria monocytogenes represent a major threat during pregnancy, and the underlying mechanisms of placental invasion remain poorly understood. here we used a murine model of listeriosis (pregnant mice, infected at day 14 of gestation) to investigate how this pathogen invades and grows within the placenta to ultimately infect the fetus. when l. monocytogenes is injected intravenously, the invasion of the placenta occurs early after the initial bacteremia, allowin ...	2006	16369023
listeria monocytogenes 10403s htra is necessary for resistance to cellular stress and virulence.	the htra serine protease has been shown to be essential for bacterial virulence and for survival after exposure to many types of environmental and cellular stresses. a listeria monocytogenes 10403s htra mutant was found to be sensitive to oxidative and puromycin-induced stress at high temperatures, showed a reduced ability to form biofilms, and was attenuated for virulence in mice.	2006	16369036
listeria spp. in the coastal environment of the aqaba gulf, suez gulf and the red sea.	listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen which causes an infection called listeriosis. because of the high mortality rate (~30%) associated with listeriosis, and the widespread nature of the organism, it is a major concern for food and water microbiologists since it has been isolated from various types of foods, including seafood, as well as from the aqueous environment. to investigate the prevalence of this pathogen in the aqaba gulf (12 sites), suez gulf (14 sites) and red sea (14 sites ...	2006	16371177
lactobacillus plantarum inhibits growth of listeria monocytogenes in an in vitro continuous flow gut model, but promotes invasion of l. monocytogenes in the gut of gnotobiotic rats.	the ability of the pediocin ach producing lactobacillus plantarum dden 11007 and its non-producing plasmid-cured isogenic variant, dden 12305 to prevent the persistence and growth of listeria monocytogenes ep2 in two gastrointestinal (gi) tract models was examined. in vitro studies conducted in a two-stage continuous flow system showed that l. plantarum dden 11007 inhibited l. monocytogenes ep2 under these conditions, while less effect was seen of the non-bacteriocin producing variant. the inhib ...	2006	16376449
leger: knowledge database and visualization tool for comparative genomics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic listeria species.	listeria species are ubiquitous in the environment and often contaminate foods because they grow under conditions used for food preservation. listeria monocytogenes, the human and animal pathogen, causes listeriosis, an infection with a high mortality rate in risk groups such as immune-compromised individuals. furthermore, l.monocytogenes is a model organism for the study of intracellular bacterial pathogens. the publication of its genome sequence and that of the non-pathogenic species listeria ...	2006	16381897
the streptococcal blr and slr proteins define a family of surface proteins with leucine-rich repeats: camouflaging by other surface structures.	regions with tandemly arranged leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) have been found in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, in which they provide a remarkably versatile framework for the formation of ligand-binding sites. bacterial lrr proteins include the recently described slr protein of streptococcus pyogenes, which is related to internalin a of listeria monocytogenes. here, we show that strains of the human pathogen streptococcus agalactiae express a protein, designated blr, which together with ...	2006	16385027
identification of listeria monocytogenes genes contributing to intracellular replication by expression profiling and mutant screening.	a successful transition of listeria monocytogenes from the extracellular to the intracellular environment requires a precise adaptation response to conditions encountered in the host milieu. although many key steps in the intracellular lifestyle of this gram-positive pathogen are well characterized, our knowledge about the factors required for cytosolic proliferation is still rather limited. we used dna microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase pcr analyses to investigate the transcriptiona ...	2006	16385046
central nervous system tumor immunity generated by a recombinant listeria monocytogenes vaccine targeting tyrosinase related protein-2 and real-time imaging of intracranial tumor burden.	previously, we demonstrated that a recombinant listeria monocytogenes (rlm) vector encoding the melanoma-associated antigen, tyrosinase related protein (trp)-2, could successfully treat subcutaneous b16 melanomas. the purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) to test whether this rlm-nucleoprotein (np)/trp-2 could generate antitumor immunity to a b16 tumor challenge in the immunologically privileged central nervous system (cns) and 2) to develop a noninvasive imaging modality to monitor tumor ...	2006	16385341
antilisterial activity of grape juice and grape extracts derived from vitis vinifera variety ribier.	grape juice and skin and seed extracts of vitis vinifera var. ribier black table grapes were found to be highly inhibitory towards listeria monocytogenes. this grape juice was also active against all other listeria species tested but not against bacillus cereus, salmonella menston, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus or yersinia enterocolitica. fractionation of the extracts showed that the antilisterial activity was strongest in the polymeric phenolic fractions. two different types of active ...	2006	16386816
control of listeria monocytogenes in raw-milk cheeses.	the development of listeria monocytogenes in cheeses made with raw-milk originating from six different farms and according to the saint-nectaire cheesemaking technology was studied. milk was inoculated with two strains of l. monocytogenes at 5 to 10 cfu/25 ml. microbial and chemical analyses were carried out at appropriate intervals during ripening. l. monocytogenes did not grow in the cores of cheeses prepared with milk originating from three farms. that inhibition could be partially attributed ...	2006	16386817
structural basis for metal binding specificity: the n-terminal cadmium binding domain of the p1-type atpase cada.	in bacteria, p1-type atpases are responsible for resistance to di- and monovalent toxic heavy metals by taking them out of the cell. these atpases have a cytoplasmic n terminus comprising metal binding domains defined by a betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold and a cxxc metal binding motif. to check how the structural properties of the metal binding site in the n terminus can influence the metal specificity of the atpase, the first structure of a cd(ii)-atpase n terminus was determined by nmr and its ...	2006	16388822
a spontaneous genomic deletion in listeria ivanovii identifies lipi-2, a species-specific pathogenicity island encoding sphingomyelinase and numerous internalins.	listeria ivanovii differs from the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes in that it specifically affects ruminants, causing septicaemia and abortion but not meningo-encephalitis. the genetic characterization of spontaneous l. ivanovii mutants lacking the virulence factor smcl (sphingomyelinase) led us to identify lipi-2, the first species-specific pathogenicity island from listeria. besides smcl, this 22 kb chromosomal locus encodes 10 internalin (inl) proteins: i-inlb1 and -b2 are large/surface ...	2006	16390439
combination of immunomagnetic separation with flow cytometry for detection of listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes can grow at the low temperature commonly used in the storage and transportation of food, and the number of cases of food poisoning caused by l. monocytogenes has increased recently in the us and europe. several methods of detecting l. monocytogenes cells have been proposed; however, all existing methods require approximately 48 h incubation. in this study, we attempted rapid detection of l. monocytogenes using flow cytometry (fcm). the method is based on measuring the numb ...	2006	17723519
new opto-plasmonic tweezers for manipulation and rotation of biological cells--design and fabrication.	opto-plasmonic tweezers are proposed as a new optical manipulator and rotator for biological cells. the approach utilizes polarized light to excite localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr) on an array of au nanostructure. large dielectrophoretic trapping force is expected to be induced by the highly non-uniform scattering field from the resonant oscillating dipoles. fine orientation control of the cells can be realized by tuning the polarization state of the input light.	2006	17946622
[evaluation of selected listeria monocytogenes genotyping methods].	listeria monocytogenes infections are found in poland and all world as sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of human illness as well, where bacteria-contaminated food is the source of infection. genotyping of strains isolated from outbreak is one of many other stages of epidemiologic investigation. in case of l. monocytogenes pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) - "golden standard" of genotyping and also eric-pcr and rep-pcr could be used. the goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness ...	2006	17642310
brain-stem listeriosis: a comparison of spect and mri findings.	listeria monocytogenes, although uncommon as a cause of illness in the general population, can result in serious illness when it affects pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. typically, it is a food-borne organism. this report describes a case of brain-stem listeriosis in a previously healthy 51-year-old woman. the diagnosis was based on clinical findings, the results of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis, csf culture, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) find ...	2006	17415328
susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from dairy products and frozen vegetables to antibiotics inhibiting murein synthesis and to disinfectants.	the susceptibility of 96 strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated from food to antibiotics and disinfectants currently used in human therapy, veterinary, medicine and food industry was determined by a standard operating procedure--broth dilution method. antimicrobial agents included the beta-lactams ampicillin and penicillin, the lantibiotic nisin, and the disinfectants benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate. among the studied strains we found 13 strains with 8-fold, 7 strains with ...	2006	17416064
the molecular mechanisms that control function and death of effector cd4+ t cells.	this review features two areas of our research interests. first, our laboratory is interested in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that control generation, effector function, and fate of th1 cells during inflammatory responses. we have been particularly interested in the role of the growth arrest and dna damage-inducible protein 45 (gadd45) gene family in th1-mediated immune responses. we and others have shown that, in th1 cells, gadd45b and gadd45g are induced by tcr signaling or il-12 and i ...	2006	17337788
[expression of acta gene of listeria monocytogenes in escherichia coli and preparation of acta monoclonal antibodies].	the acta gene was amplified from lm-4 strain of listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a by pcr and inserted into t vector. sequencing showed acta gene was 1833bp long and nucleotide homology was 100% compared with acta gene of listeria monocytogenes egd strain in genbank. the cloned acta gene was then inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pgex-6p-1 and pet respectively. the predicted fusion protein was detected by sds-page after iptg induction of recombinant bacteria. the fusion protein expre ...	2006	17302169
[evaluation of api coryne system, version 2.0, for diphteroid gram-positive rods identification with clinical relevance].	the ability of the api coryne system, version 2.0, to identify 178 strains of gram-positive rods was evaluated. seventy eight isolates belonged to genus corynebacterium and one hundred to related genera, all strains were isolated from clinical samples at the laboratory of bacteriology, hospital de clínicas josé de san martin (uba) between 1995 and 2004. the isolates were identified according to von graevenitz and funke's scheme. one hundred and sixty two out of 178 strains (91%) were correctly i ...	2006	17370571
[foodborne listeria monocytogenes: are all the isolates equally virulent?].	listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen responsible for invasive infections presenting overall a high mortality. despite the ubiquity of the microorganism, the actual disease rate is quite low and the disease is most often associated with an underlying predisposition. foodborne and environmental isolates were traditionally considered of similar pathogenicity compared to clinical isolates. but the analysis of mutations in the genes encoding specific virulence factors (internalin, hem ...	2006	17370579
quantitative assessment of hard surface disinfectant activity against the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that must be controlled to ensure food safety. for the years 2003 and 2004, l. monocytogenes caused 20 deaths per 100 listeriosis cases and was responsible for most food recalls for pathogen contamination. the objective of this work was to develop a quantitative method to assess disinfectant activity against l. monocytogenes. standard procedures for testing disinfectants against 3 bacteria are described in the aoac official methods of ana ...	2006	17225610
from hot dogs to host cells: how the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes regulates virulence gene expression.	environmental pathogens are organisms that normally spend a substantial part of their lifecycle outside of human hosts, but when introduced into humans are capable of causing disease. such organisms are often able to transition between disparate environments ranging from the soil to the cytosol of host cells. the food-borne bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes serves as a model system for understanding how an environmental organism makes the transition into mammalian hosts. a transcriptiona ...	2006	17661688
listeria-based anti-infective vaccine strategies.	listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular bacterium that has accounted for a significant proportion of human foodborne infections in recent decades. although infection with sublethal level of l. monocytogenes generates enduring immunity, it is impractical to apply intact virulent strains as vaccine. through use of killed, attenuated, naturally avirulent, subcellular and dna vaccine preparations, significant protection has been achieved in experimental animals against listeriosis. b ...	2006	18221153
tissue culture cell assays used to analyze listeria monocytogenes.	this unit describes tissue culture cell assays for analysis of the ability of listeria monocytogenes to cause intracellular infection. it includes methods for evaluating the organism's ability to invade its host, to escape the primary vacuole formed upon invasion of host cells, to multiply within the cytosol of its host, and to spread from cell to cell without exiting the intracellular milieu. each step can be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively.	2006	18770595
dimeric structure of the cell shape protein mrec and its functional implications.	the bacterial actin homologue mreb forms helical filaments in the cytoplasm of rod-shaped bacteria where it helps maintain the shape of the cell. mreb is co-transcribed with mrec that encodes a bitopic membrane protein with a major periplasmic domain. like mreb, mrec is localized in a helical pattern and might be involved in the spatial organization of the peptidoglycan synthesis machinery. here, we present the structure of the major, periplasmic part of mrec from listeria monocytogenes at 2.5 a ...	2006	17427287
listeria meningitis complicating infliximab treatment for crohn's disease.	infliximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against tumour necrosis factor-alpha, is an effective therapy for crohn's disease. though uncommon, serious opportunistic infections, including reactivation of tuberculosis, have occurred in patients after infliximab administration.meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes developed in a 37-year-old man six days after the second infusion of infliximab. the patient, who also was treated with azathioprine and corticosteroids, had an uneventful recovery ...	2005	18159561
listeriosis in pregnancy: a case report.	listeria monocytogenes is an alimentary infection which can be extremely dangerous for pregnant women. a 34-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized with fetal cardiac rate alterations and influenza-like symptoms. a caesarean section due to fetal distress was performed. a maternal-fetal listeriosis diagnosis was possible only after the birth through bacteriological and histological examination on both the placenta and the newborn.	2005	16390801
sources of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in early immune response to listeria monocytogenes.	early, innate production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is a critical step in immunological defense against certain pathogens such as intracellular bacteria (e.g. listeria monocytogenes), viruses and fungi. while activated t cells and activated natural killer (nk) cells were initially thought to be the only relevant source of ifn-gamma, macrophages (mphi) and dendritic cells can also be stimulated to produce ifn-gamma in vitro under certain conditions. however, a convincing analysis at single c ...	2005	16323704