Publications

commonality and biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni.	in this study we investigated the commonality and biosynthesis of the o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) group found on the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of campylobacter jejuni. high resolution magic angle spinning nmr spectroscopy was used as a rapid, high throughput means to examine multiple isolates, analyze the cecal contents of colonized chickens, and screen a library of cps mutants for the presence of meopn. sixty eight percent of c. jejuni strains were found to express the meopn with a hig ...	2007	17675288
isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from houseflies (musca domestica) found in rooms containing salmonella serovar enteritidis-challenged hens.	houseflies (musca domestica) released into rooms containing hens challenged with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella serovar enteritidis) rapidly became contaminated with salmonella serovar enteritidis. forty to 50% of the flies were contaminated at 48 h, and the percentage increased to 50 to 70% at 4 and 7 days postexposure and then decreased to 30% at day 15. initial attempts at recovering surface organisms for culture using an aqueous rinse were largely unsuccessful, while cul ...	2007	17675422
agar dilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of campylobacter spp.		2007	17675457
rasta-bacteria: a web-based tool for identifying toxin-antitoxin loci in prokaryotes.	toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems, viewed as essential regulators of growth arrest and programmed cell death, are widespread among prokaryotes, but remain sparsely annotated. we present rasta-bacteria, an automated method allowing quick and reliable identification of ta loci in sequenced prokaryotic genomes, whether they are annotated open reading frames or not. the tool successfully confirmed all reported ta systems, and spotted new putative loci upon screening of sequenced genomes. rasta-bacteria i ...	2007	17678530
biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plants: structure of the 2c-methyl-d-erithrytol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase from arabidopsis thaliana. comparison with the bacterial enzymes.	the x-ray crystal structure of the 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (mcs) from arabidopsis thaliana has been solved at 2.3 a resolution in complex with a cytidine-5-monophosphate (cmp) molecule. this is the first structure determined of an mcs enzyme from a plant. major differences between the a. thaliana and bacterial mcs structures are found in the large molecular cavity that forms between subunits and involve residues that are highly conserved among plants. in some bacteri ...	2007	17660251
anaerobic regulation of shigella flexneri virulence: arca regulates fur and iron acquisition genes.	invasion and plaque formation in epithelial monolayers are routinely used to assess the virulence of shigella flexneri, a causative agent of dysentery. a modified plaque assay was developed to identify factors contributing to the virulence of s. flexneri under the anaerobic conditions present in the colon. this assay demonstrated the importance of the ferrous iron transport system feo, as well as the global transcription factors fur, arca, and fnr, for shigella plaque formation in anoxic environ ...	2007	17660284
on the choice of genetic distance in spatial-genetic studies.	we look at how to choose genetic distance so as to maximize the power of detecting spatial structure. we answer this question through analyzing two population genetic models that allow for a spatially structured population in a continuous habitat. these models, like most that incorporate spatial structure, can be characterized by a separation of timescales: the history of the sample can be split into a scattering and a collecting phase, and it is only during the scattering phase that the spatial ...	2007	17660571
biochemical characterization of a neisseria meningitidis polysialyltransferase reveals novel functional motifs in bacterial sialyltransferases.	the extracellular polysaccharide capsule is an essential virulence factor of neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of severe bacterial meningitis and sepsis. serogroup b strains, the primary disease causing isolates in europe and america, are encapsulated in alpha-2,8 polysialic acid (polysia). the capsular polymer is synthesized from activated sialic acid by action of a membrane-associated polysialyltransferase (nmb-polyst). here we present a comprehensive characterization of nmb-polyst. diff ...	2007	17662040
the hd0053 gene of haemophilus ducreyi encodes an alpha2,3-sialyltransferase.	haemophilus ducreyi is a gram-negative bacterium that causes chancroid, a sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease. different lipooligosaccharide (los) structures have been identified from h. ducreyi strain 35000, including those sialylated glycoforms. surface los of h. ducreyi is considered an important virulence factor that is involved in ulcer formation, cell adhesion, and invasion of host tissue. gene hd0686 of h. ducreyi, designated lst (for lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase), was ide ...	2007	17662691
passively released heme from hemoglobin and myoglobin is a potential source of nutrient iron for bordetella bronchiseptica.	colonization by bordetella bronchiseptica results in a variety of inflammatory respiratory infections, including canine kennel cough, porcine atrophic rhinitis, and a whooping cough-like disease in humans. for successful colonization, b. bronchiseptica must acquire iron (fe) from the infected host. a vast amount of fe within the host is sequestered within heme, a metalloporphyrin which is coordinately bound in hemoglobin and myoglobin. utilization of hemoglobin and myoglobin as sources of nutrie ...	2007	17664260
genetically modified enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccines induce mucosal immune responses without inflammation.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a major cause of acute diarrhoea in children in the developing world, in travellers and in the military. safe, effective vaccines could reduce morbidity and mortality. as immunity to etec is strain specific, the ability to create vaccines in vitro which express multiple antigens would be desirable. it was hypothesised that three genetically attenuated etec strains, one with a genetic addition, would be immunogenic and safe, and they were evaluated in th ...	2007	17566016
expression patterns and role of the cadf protein in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	binding of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to host fibronectin is mediated by the 37 kda outer membrane protein cadf. immunoblot analysis of 58 c. jejuni and c. coli isolates of human and animal origin showed that cadf is expressed in every strain. in most c. jejuni isolates, a 37 kda band (p37) and a less-prominent 32 kda band (p32) reacted with the antibodies. in c. coli isolates, cadf was consistently larger with sizes of 39 kda (p39) and 34 kda (p34), respectively. pcr analysis a ...	2007	17573935
multivariate analysis of complex dna sequence electropherograms for high-throughput quantitative analysis of mixed microbial populations.	high-throughput quantification of genetically coherent units (gcus) is essential for deciphering population dynamics and species interactions within a community of microbes. current techniques for microbial community analyses are, however, not suitable for this kind of high-throughput application. here, we demonstrate the use of multivariate statistical analysis of complex dna sequence electropherograms for the effective and accurate estimation of relative genotype abundance in cell samples from ...	2007	17575003
evaluation of different plate media for direct cultivation of campylobacter species from live broilers.	accurate identification and optimal culturing procedures for campylobacter spp. from live broilers are needed for epidemiological studies. because there is no standardized protocol, we designed and conducted studies to evaluate different selective media for the culturing and isolation of campylobacter spp. from cecal and fecal samples obtained from battery-reared and commercial broilers. five media selective for campylobacter were evaluated: campylobacter agar base, campylobacter, campy-line, mo ...	2007	17575175
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter in us dairy cattle.	to obtain an overview of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter in faeces of us dairy cows in 2002.	2007	17578422
serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and gyr a gene mutation of campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans and chickens in thailand.	in thailand, 51% (36/70) campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans and 68% (47/69) isolates from poultry were classified into 10 penner serotypes (serotype b, c, r, e, g, a, k, d, i, and l) and 9 serotypes (serotype a, c, i, k, b, e, s, d, and l), respectively. the rate of antimicrobial drug resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin shown by human isolates were 96%, 96%, 29%, 57%, and 14%, while that shown by poultry isolates were 77%, 77%, 22%, 26%, ...	2007	17579262
marginal-zone lymphoma.	the term marginal-zone lymphoma (mzl) encompasses three closely related lymphoma subtypes, namely the "low-grade b-cell lymphoma of malt type" currently named malt lymphoma, the "nodal marginal-zone b-cell lymphoma" and a provisional entity in the real classification named "primary splenic mzl with or without villous lymphocytes". these entities display different characteristics, with evident clinical and biological variations according to the organ where the lymphoma arises. marginal-zone b-cel ...	2007	17583528
blood group antigen recognition by escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.	in a number of bacterial infections, such as helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni and vibrio cholerae infections, a correlation between the severity of disease and blood group phenotype of infected individuals has been observed. in the present investigation, we have studied the molecular basis of this effect for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infections. etec are non-invasive bacteria, which act through second messenger pathways to cause diarrhea. it has been suggested that the maj ...	2007	17586525
the quorum-sensing molecule autoinducer 2 regulates motility and flagellar morphogenesis in helicobacter pylori.	the genome of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori contains a homologue of the gene luxs, which has been shown to be responsible for production of the quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 2 (ai-2). we report here that deletion of the luxs gene in strain g27 resulted in decreased motility on soft agar plates, a defect that was complemented by a wild-type copy of the luxs gene and by the addition of cell-free supernatant containing ai-2. the flagella of the luxs mutant appeared normal; however, i ...	2007	17586631
use of multilocus sequence typing to investigate the association between the presence of campylobacter spp. in broiler drinking water and campylobacter colonization in broilers.	the presence of campylobacters in broiler chickens and throughout the broiler water delivery systems of 12 farms in northeastern scotland was investigated by sensitive enrichment methods and large-volume filtration. campylobacter presence was independent of the water source and whether the water was treated. the genotypes of campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from chickens and various locations within the water delivery systems were compared by multilocus sequence typing. matching strains i ...	2007	17586665
infection-induced viscerosensory signals from the gut enhance anxiety: implications for psychoneuroimmunology.	infection and inflammation lead to changes in mood and cognition. although the "classic" sickness behavior syndrome, involving fatigue, social withdrawal, and loss of appetites are most familiar, other emotional responses accompany immune activation, including anxiety. recent studies have shown that gastrointestinal bacterial infections lead to enhanced anxiety-like behavior in mice. the bacteria-induced signal is most likely carried by vagal sensory neurons, and occurs early on (within 6h) duri ...	2007	17428636
helicobacter pylori detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.	the discovery of helicobacter pylori in 1982 was the starting point of a revolution concerning the concepts and management of gastroduodenal diseases. it is now well accepted that the most common stomach disease, peptic ulcer disease, is an infectious disease, and all consensus conferences agree that the causative agent, h. pylori, must be treated with antibiotics. furthermore, the concept emerged that this bacterium could be the trigger of various malignant diseases of the stomach, and it is no ...	2007	17428887
a tale of two oxidation states: bacterial colonization of arsenic-rich environments.	microbial biotransformations have a major impact on contamination by toxic elements, which threatens public health in developing and industrial countries. finding a means of preserving natural environments-including ground and surface waters-from arsenic constitutes a major challenge facing modern society. although this metalloid is ubiquitous on earth, thus far no bacterium thriving in arsenic-contaminated environments has been fully characterized. in-depth exploration of the genome of the beta ...	2007	17432936
role of motility and the flhdc operon in escherichia coli mg1655 colonization of the mouse intestine.	previously, we reported that the mouse intestine selected mutants of escherichia coli mg1655 that have improved colonizing ability (m. p. leatham et al., infect. immun. 73:8039-8049, 2005). these mutants grew 10 to 20% faster than their parent in mouse cecal mucus in vitro and 15 to 30% faster on several sugars found in the mouse intestine. the mutants were nonmotile and had deletions of various lengths beginning immediately downstream of an is1 element located within the regulatory region of th ...	2007	17438023
genome sequence of a clinical isolate of campylobacter jejuni from thailand.	campylobacter jejuni cg8486, which belongs to the hs4 complex, was isolated from a patient with inflammatory diarrhea in thailand. this strain caused a diarrheal disease in ferrets comparable to that caused by c. jejuni strain 81-176, but it was much less invasive for epithelial cells in vitro than 81-176. complete genome sequencing of cg8486 revealed a 1.65-mb genome that was very similar to the other two published genomes of clinical isolates of c. jejuni, the genomes of 81-176 and nctc 11168, ...	2007	17438034
identification of a campylobacter jejuni protein that cross-reacts with cholera toxin.	the question of whether campylobacter jejuni produces a cholera toxin-like toxin (ctlt) has been controversial. the objective of this study was to identify the factor that cross-reacts with ct from c. jejuni. filtrates of c. jejuni grown in four different liquid media reported to promote ctlt production were tested by chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell elongation assay and for reactivity with ct antibody using gm1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. protein se ...	2007	17438040
from peptide to protein: comparative analysis of the substrate specificity of n-linked glycosylation in c. jejuni.	the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni was recently discovered to contain a general n-linked protein glycosylation pathway. central to this pathway is pglb, a homologue of the stt3p subunit of the eukaryotic oligosaccharyl transferase (ot), which is involved in the transfer of an oligosaccharide from a polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate carrier to the asparagine side chain of proteins within the conserved glycosylation sites d/e-x1-n-x2-s/t, where x1 and x2 can be any amino acids except proli ...	2007	17439157
dipstick for rapid diagnosis of shigella flexneri 2a in stool.	shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, an acute bloody diarrhoea, is a major public health burden in developing countries. in the absence of prompt and appropriate treatment, the infection is often fatal, particularly in young malnourished children. here, we describe a new diagnostic test for rapid detection, in stool, at the bedside of patients, of shigella flexneri 2a, the most predominant agent of the endemic form of the disease.	2007	17440606
detection by pcr of eight groups of enteric pathogens in 4,627 faecal samples: re-examination of the english case-control infectious intestinal disease study (1993-1996).	the english case-control infectious intestinal disease study (1993-1996) failed to detect an enteric pathogen or toxin in 49% of cases of gastroenteritis. in the present study, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were applied to dna and cdna generated from 4,627 faecal samples from cases and controls archived during the original study for the detection of norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., enteroaggregative escherichia coli, cryptosporidium spp., and giardia ...	2007	17447091
insufficient differentiation of live and dead campylobacter jejuni and listeria monocytogenes cells by ethidium monoazide (ema) compromises ema/real-time pcr.	recently, ethidium monoazide (ema) has been proposed as a means of reducing the real-time pcr signal originating from free dna and dead bacterial cells by selectively entering damaged cells and blocking the dna for pcr amplification via photoactivation. the present study investigated the effect of ema on viable and dead bacterial cells using real-time pcr, plate count method and microscopy. the foodborne pathogens campylobacter jejuni and listeria monocytogenes were used as a gram-negative and a ...	2007	17449228
molecular characterization and subcellular localization of macrophage infectivity potentiator, a chlamydia trachomatis lipoprotein.	macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) was originally reported to be a chlamydial lipoprotein from experiments showing incorporation of radiolabeled palmitic acid into native and recombinant mip; inhibition of posttranslational processing of recombinant mip by globomycin, known to inhibit signal peptidase ii; and solubility of native mip in triton x-114. however, the detailed structural characterization of the lipid moiety on mip has never been fully elucidated. in this study, bioinformatics a ...	2007	17449608
desensitization of feedback inhibition of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gamma-glutamyl kinase enhances proline accumulation and freezing tolerance.	in response to osmotic stress, proline is accumulated in many bacterial and plant cells as an osmoprotectant. the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae induces trehalose or glycerol synthesis but does not increase intracellular proline levels during various stresses. using a proline-accumulating mutant, we previously found that proline protects yeast cells from damage by freezing, oxidative, or ethanol stress. this mutant was recently shown to carry an allele of pro1 which encodes the asp154asn mutant ...	2007	17449694
molecular architecture of desv from streptomyces venezuelae: a plp-dependent transaminase involved in the biosynthesis of the unusual sugar desosamine.	desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found in certain macrolide antibiotics such as the commonly prescribed erythromycin. six enzymes are required for its biosynthesis in streptomyces venezuelae. the focus of this article is desv, which catalyzes the plp-dependent replacement of a 3-keto group with an amino functionality in the fifth step of the pathway. for this study the three-dimensional structures of both the internal aldimine and the ketimine intermediate with glutamate we ...	2007	17456741
structural context for protein n-glycosylation in bacteria: the structure of peb3, an adhesin from campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is unusual among bacteria in possessing a eukaryotic-like system for n-linked protein glycosylation at asn residues in sequons of the type asp/glu-xaa-asn-xaa-ser/thr. however, little is known about the structural context of the glycosylated sequons, limiting the design of novel recombinant glycoproteins. to obtain more information on sequon structure, we have determined the crystal structure of the peb3 (cj0289c) dimer. peb3 has the class ii periplasmic-binding protein fold ...	2007	17456748
intestinal m cells: the fallible sentinels?	the gastrointestinal tract represents the largest mucosal membrane surface in the human body. the immune system in the gut is the first line of host defense against mucosal microbial pathogens and it plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. membranous or microfold cells, commonly referred to as microfold cells, are specialized epithelial cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt) and they play a sentinel role for the intestinal immune system by delivering luminal antigen ...	2007	17461437
flavodoxin:quinone reductase (fqrb): a redox partner of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase that reversibly couples pyruvate oxidation to nadph production in helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni.	pyruvate-dependent reduction of nadp has been demonstrated in cell extracts of the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori. however, nadp is not a substrate of purified pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor), suggesting that other redox active enzymes mediate this reaction. here we show that fqrb (hp1164), which is essential and highly conserved among the epsilonproteobacteria, exhibits nadph oxidoreductase activity. fqrb was purified by nickel interaction chromatography following overexpr ...	2007	17468253
use of suppression subtractive hybridisation to extend our knowledge of genome diversity in campylobacter jejuni.	previous studies have sought to identify a link between the distribution of variable genes amongst isolates of campylobacter jejuni and particular host preferences. the genomic sequence data available currently was obtained using only isolates from human or chicken hosts. in order to identify variable genes present in isolates from alternative host species, five subtractions between c. jejuni isolates from different sources (rabbit, cattle, wild bird) were carried out, designed to assess genomic ...	2007	17470265
identification of disulfide reductases in campylobacterales: a bioinformatics investigation.	disulfide reductases of host-colonising bacteria are involved in the expression of virulence factors, resistance to drugs, and elimination of toxic compounds. large-scale genome analyses of 281 prokaryotes identified cxxc and cxxc-derived motifs in each microorganism. the total number of these motifs showed correlations with genome size and oxygen tolerance of the prokaryotes. specific bioinformatic analyses served to identify putative disulfide reductases in the campylobacterales campylobacter ...	2007	17588128
a full-genomic sequence-verified protein-coding gene collection for francisella tularensis.	the rapid development of new technologies for the high throughput (ht) study of proteins has increased the demand for comprehensive plasmid clone resources that support protein expression. these clones must be full-length, sequence-verified and in a flexible format. the generation of these resources requires automated pipelines supported by software management systems. although the availability of clone resources is growing, current collections are either not complete or not fully sequence-verif ...	2007	17593976
development of the human infant intestinal microbiota.	almost immediately after a human being is born, so too is a new microbial ecosystem, one that resides in that person's gastrointestinal tract. although it is a universal and integral part of human biology, the temporal progression of this process, the sources of the microbes that make up the ecosystem, how and why it varies from one infant to another, and how the composition of this ecosystem influences human physiology, development, and disease are still poorly understood. as a step toward syst ...	2007	17594176
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has a role in the persistent colonization of the avian gut by campylobacter jejuni.	the contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) to campylobacter jejuni virulence and colonization of the avian gut has been investigated. the presence of the ggt gene in c. jejuni strains directly correlated with the expression of ggt activity as measured by cleavage and transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety. inactivation of the monocistronic ggt gene in c. jejuni strain 81116 resulted in isogenic mutants with undetectable ggt activity; nevertheless, these mutants grew normally in vitro ...	2007	17600669
[antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter sp strains isolated from humans in 2005 to 2006 in bielsko-biala region, poland].	campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are frequent causes of bacterial gastroeneritis in humans worldwide. campylobacteriois is usually a self-limiting disease and therapy with antibiotics is required in severe clinical infections. the objective [corrected] of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of c. jejuni and c. coli isolated from humans with diarrhea during 2005-2006 in bielsko-biala region in poland. the mics of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin a ...	2007	17601030
escherichia coli k1-specific bacteriophage cus-3 distribution and function in phase-variable capsular polysialic acid o acetylation.	escherichia coli k1 is the leading cause of human neonatal sepsis and meningitis and is important in other clinical syndromes of both humans and domestic animals; in this strain the polysialic acid capsule (k1 antigen) functions by inhibiting innate immunity. recent discovery of the phase-variable capsular o acetylation mechanism indicated that the o-acetyltransferase gene, neuo, is carried on a putative k1-specific prophage designated cus-3 (e. l. deszo, s. m. steenbergen, d. i. freedberg, and ...	2007	17601779
origin of ganglioside complex antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome.	the origin of antibodies to ganglioside complexes, as new immunotargets for guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), is unknown. this was investigated in 21 gbs patients from which campylobacter jejuni was isolated. two of these patients had serum igg to the gm1/gd1a complex and two other patients had igg to the gq1b/gd1a complex. these pairs of patients were clinically distinct. these antibodies all cross-reacted to lipo-oligosaccharides (los) from the autologous c. jejuni strain. previous mass spectrome ...	2007	17604126
structural and functional properties of a single domain hemoglobin from the food-borne pathogen campylobactor jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni contains two globins, a truncated hemoglobin, ctb, and a single domain hemoglobin, cgb. the physiological function of ctb remains unclear, whereas cgb has been linked to no detoxification. with resonance raman scattering, the iron-histidine stretching mode of cgb was identified at 251 cm(-1). this frequency is unusually high, suggesting an imidazolate character of the proximal histidine as a result of the h-bonding network linking the catalytic triad involving the f8his, h23 ...	2007	17606611
contribution of the cmeabc efflux pump to macrolide and tetracycline resistance in campylobacter jejuni.	we investigated the involvement of the cmeabc efflux pump in acquired resistance of campylobacter jejuni to macrolides and tetracycline. inactivation of the cmeb gene had no effect on macrolide resistance when all copies of the target gene carried an a2074c mutation. in contrast, the cmeabc pump significantly contributed to macrolide resistance when two or three copies of the 23s rrna had an a2075g transition. inactivation of the cmeb gene led to restoration of tetracycline susceptibility in the ...	2007	17606685
miller fisher syndrome and escherichia coli infection: is it a novel association?	miller fisher syndrome is characterized by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and reduced or absent tendon reflexes. generally, it is considered an acute postinfectious paralytic illness caused by a wide variety of infections including campylobacter jejuni. the authors report the case of a 10-year-old girl with miller fisher syndrome who had a previous infection of escherichia coli. if confirmed by other reports, this report could disclose a new association of miller fisher syndrome with e coli infection.	2007	17608309
neisseria gonorrhoeae o-linked pilin glycosylation: functional analyses define both the biosynthetic pathway and glycan structure.	neisseria gonorrhoeae expresses an o-linked protein glycosylation pathway that targets pile, the major pilin subunit protein of the type iv pilus colonization factor. efforts to define glycan structure and thus the functions of pilin glycosylation (pgl) components at the molecular level have been hindered by the lack of sensitive methodologies. here, we utilized a 'top-down' mass spectrometric approach to characterize glycan status using intact pilin protein from isogenic mutants. these structur ...	2007	17608667
quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni on fresh chicken carcasses by real-time pcr.	campylobacter jejuni infection is a significant cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption and handling of poultry products is believed to be the primary risk factor for campylobacteriosis. risk assessments require quantitative data, and c. jejuni is enumerated usually by direct plating, which sometimes allows growth of non-campylobacter bacteria. the objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative real-time pcr method (q-pcr) for enumerating c. jejuni in chicken rins ...	2007	17612066
culture and detection of campylobacter jejuni within mixed microbial populations of biofilms on stainless steel.	campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently reported cause of foodborne illness in the united states, but its survival outside the host is poor. the objective of this research was to examine the formation and composition of biofilms by c. jejuni alone and within mixed bacterial populations from the poultry-processing environment. c. jejuni growth was assessed with four media, two temperatures, and two atmospheric conditions to develop culture methods for liquid media that would allow growth with ...	2007	17612067
a proteome-wide protein interaction map for campylobacter jejuni.	data from large-scale protein interaction screens for humans and model eukaryotes have been invaluable for developing systems-level models of biological processes. despite this value, only a limited amount of interaction data is available for prokaryotes. here we report the systematic identification of protein interactions for the bacterium campylobacter jejuni, a food-borne pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide.	2007	17615063
transcriptional recapitulation and subversion of embryonic colon development by mouse colon tumor models and human colon cancer.	the expression of carcino-embryonic antigen by colorectal cancer is an example of oncogenic activation of embryonic gene expression. hypothesizing that oncogenesis-recapitulating-ontogenesis may represent a broad programmatic commitment, we compared gene expression patterns of human colorectal cancers (crcs) and mouse colon tumor models to those of mouse colon development embryonic days 13.5-18.5.	2007	17615082
prevalence of campylobacter and four endoparasites in dog populations associated with hearing dogs.	this study established the prevalence of four gastrointestinal parasites (isopora species, giardia species, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis) and one bacterial infection (campylobacter jejuni/coli) in dogs associated with the charity hearing dogs for deaf people.	2007	17617160
neurologic symptoms and neuropathologic antibodies in poultry workers exposed to campylobacter jejuni.	to examine associations between occupational exposure to live poultry with campylobacter exposure, campylobacter-associated neurologic symptoms, and neuropathologic antibodies.	2007	17622847
a farm-level study of risk factors associated with the colonization of broiler flocks with campylobacter spp. in iceland, 2001-2004.	following increased rates of human campylobacteriosis in the late 1990's, and their apparent association with increased consumption of fresh chicken meat, a longitudinal study was conducted in iceland to identify the means to decrease the frequency of broiler flock colonization with campylobacter. our objective in this study was to identify risk factors for flock colonization acting at the broiler farm level.	2007	17623089
infant morbidity, mortality, and breast milk immunologic profiles among breast-feeding hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected women in botswana.	infants of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women have high mortality, but the immunologic integrity and protection afforded by the breast milk of hiv-infected women is unknown.	2007	17624842
stress and bacteria: microbial endocrinology.		2007	17625138
analysis of a ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutant of desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough.	previous experiments examining the transcriptional profile of the anaerobe desulfovibrio vulgaris demonstrated up-regulation of the fur regulon in response to various environmental stressors. to test the involvement of fur in the growth response and transcriptional regulation of d. vulgaris, a targeted mutagenesis procedure was used for deleting the fur gene. growth of the resulting deltafur mutant (jw707) was not affected by iron availability, but the mutant did exhibit increased sensitivity to ...	2007	17630305
current status of veterinary vaccines.	the major goals of veterinary vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. these diverse aims have led to different approaches to the development of veterinary vaccines from crude but effective whole-pathogen preparations to molecularly defined subunit vaccines, genetically engineered organisms or chimeras, vectored antigen formula ...	2007	17630337
molecular architecture of desi: a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of desosamine.	desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found, for example, in such macrolide antibiotics as erthyromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. the efficacies of these macrolide antibiotics are markedly reduced in the absence of desosamine. in the bacterium streptomyces venezuelae, six enzymes are required for the production of dtdp-desosamine. the focus of this x-ray crystallographic analysis is the third enzyme in the pathway, a plp-dependent aminotransferase referred to as desi. t ...	2007	17630700
bidirectional transcription of lipooligosaccharide synthesis genes from campylobacter jejuni.	the lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules of campylobacter jejuni are involved in virulence and induction of the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). this study analysed the transcription of the los synthesis genes from the gbs-inducing c. jejuni strain hb 93-13 under microaerobic conditions. fourteen consecutive genes cj1132c, waac, htrb, wlanc, wland, cgta, cgtb, cstii, neub, neuc, neua, wlava, wlaqa, and waaf were included. the results of rapid amplification of cdna ends and single-stranded ligation ...	2007	17631048
a bacterial virulence factor with a dual role as an adhesin and a solute-binding protein: the crystal structure at 1.5 a resolution of the peb1a protein from the food-borne human pathogen campylobacter jejuni.	the peb1a protein is an antigenic factor exposed on the surface of the food-borne human pathogen campylobacter jejuni, which has a major role in adherence and host colonisation. peb1a is also the periplasmic binding protein component of an aspartate/glutamate abc transporter essential for optimal microaerobic growth on these dicarboxylic amino acids. here, we report the crystal structure of peb1a at 1.5 a resolution. the protein has a typical two-domain alpha/beta structure, characteristic of pe ...	2007	17631313
protein glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni: partial suppression of pglf by mutation of psec.	campylobacter jejuni has systems for n- and o-linked protein glycosylation. although biochemical evidence demonstrated that a psec mutant in the o-linked pathway accumulated the product of pglf in the n-linked pathway, analyses of transformation frequencies and glycosylation statuses of n-glycosylated proteins indicated a partial suppression of pglf by psec.	2007	17631632
large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens.	anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. the use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. a range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were ...	2007	17637170
the persistence of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter in poultry production.	the use of antibiotics in food animal production has been associated with antibiotic-resistant infections in humans. in 2005, the food and drug administration (fda) banned fluoroquinolone use in u.s. poultry production in order to reduce the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter. little is known about the potential efficacy of this policy.	2007	17637919
clinical onset of celiac disease after an episode of campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	the present report describes a young woman with no previous gastrointestinal complaints who was initially diagnosed with postinfective irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) after a confirmed case of campylobacter jejuni enteritis. however, because of persistent diarrhea, new-onset bloating and the development of iron and vitamin deficiencies, serological markers for celiac disease (cd) were evaluated. a positive tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin a antibody test and repeat endoscopy with duodenal b ...	2007	17637949
muc1 cell surface mucin is a critical element of the mucosal barrier to infection.	cell surface mucin glycoproteins are highly expressed by all mucosal tissues, yet their physiological role is currently unknown. we hypothesized that cell surface mucins protect mucosal cells from infection. a rapid progressive increase in gastrointestinal expression of mucin 1 (muc1) cell surface mucin followed infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni. in the first week following oral infection, c. jejuni was detected in the systemic organs of the vast majority of muc1 ...	2007	17641781
characterization of the multidrug efflux regulator acrr from escherichia coli.	the escherichia coli acrr represses transcription of the acrb gene, which encodes the multidrug efflux pump acrb that extrudes a wide variety of toxic compounds, by binding its target operator dna. fluorescence polarization was performed using purified, recombinant acrr that contains a 6xhis tag at the c-terminus and a fluorescein-labeled 28-base pair oligonucleotide bearing a predicted palindrome (ir) operator sequence. binding of acrr to the predicted ir sequence occurred with a dissociation c ...	2007	17644067
complete nucleotide sequence of the gyra gene of helicobacter pullorum and identification of a point mutation leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in poultry isolates.	to assess the molecular basis of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance in helicobacter pullorum, the gyra gene of h. pullorum cip 104787t was sequenced. in addition, 9 isolates (2 susceptible to ciprofloxacin and resistant to nalidixic acid, 3 susceptible and 4 resistant to both antibiotics) were selected from 44 poultry isolates and the nucleotide sequences of their quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) were compared. the 2490 bp gyra gene showed an open reading frame encoding ...	2007	17644320
investigation of transcription repression and small-molecule responsiveness by tetr-like transcription factors using a heterologous escherichia coli-based assay.	the sco7222 protein and actr are two of approximately 150 tetr-like transcription factors encoded in the streptomyces coelicolor genome. using bioluminescence as a readout, we have developed escherichia coli-based biosensors that accurately report the regulatory activity of these proteins and used it to investigate their interactions with dna and small-molecule ligands. we found that the sco7222 protein and actr repress the expression of their putative target genes, sco7223 and actii-orf2 (acta) ...	2007	17644591
flagellin glycans from two pathovars of pseudomonas syringae contain rhamnose in d and l configurations in different ratios and modified 4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose.	flagellins from pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 4 and pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 have been found to be glycosylated. glycosylation of flagellin is essential for bacterial virulence and is also involved in the determination of host specificity. flagellin glycans from both pathovars were characterized, and common sites of glycosylation were identified on six serine residues (positions 143, 164, 176, 183, 193, and 201). the structure of the glycan at serine 201 (s201) of flagellin ...	2007	17644592
behaviour of campylobacter jejuni in experimentally contaminated bottled natural mineral water.	the main objective of the present study was to estimate the survival of microaerophilic campylobacter jejuni in filtered natural mineral water at 4 degrees c and 25 degrees c. the influence of the presence of biodegradable organic matter was tested, assuming that the bacterial contamination of a bottled natural mineral water could be associated with contamination by organic matter.	2007	17650187
sequence variation in the outer membrane protein-encoding gene cmec, conferring multidrug resistance among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from different hosts.	a novel pcr primer pair was used to detect the presence of cmec in 131 campylobacter jejuni and c. coli strains isolated from various hosts (cattle, turkeys, humans, and pigs). dna sequence analysis revealed a high degree of genetic variation between the two species, while extremely limited genetic variation among isolates of the same species was detected.	2007	17652470
development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr to detect arcobacter species.	a real-time pcr targeting the gyrase a subunit gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region has been developed to detect arcobacter species. the species identification was done by probe hybridization and melting curve analysis, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology. discrimination between arcobacter species was straightforward, as the corresponding melting points showed significant differences with the characteristic melting temperatures of 63.5 degrees c, 58.4 degr ...	2007	17652482
[experimental study on the chitosan-dna vaccines against campylobacter jejuni invasion].	the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an experimental campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) chitosan-dna vaccines were evaluated in mice.	2007	18206008
the complete genome sequence and analysis of the epsilonproteobacterium arcobacter butzleri.	arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori. here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, a. butzleri strain rm4018.	2007	18159241
detection and identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 using oligonucleotide microarray.	the rapid and accurate detection and identification of the new subtype of the pathogens is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and control of the contagious disease outbreak. here, in this study, an approach to detect and identify escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 was established using oligonucleotide microarray. we coupled multiplex pcr with oligonucleotide microarray to construct an assay suitable for simultaneous identification of two subtypes of the pathogens.	2007	18154687
morphology and adhesion of campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin under varying conditions.	the adhesion of campylobacter jejuni to chicken skin, along with the associated morphological changes under aerobic conditions at 4, 25, and 37 degrees c and microaerobic (o2 5%, co2 10%, n2 85%) conditions, were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm), flow cytometry, and plate counting. the morphological change of c. jejuni from a spiral shape to a coccoid form or vbnc form (viable but nonculturable form) progressed rapidly under aerobic conditions at 25, 37, and 4 degrees ...	2007	18051750
antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanisms in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world and infections with these organisms occur more frequently than do infections due to salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli 0157:h7. the incidence of human campylobacter infections has increased markedly in both developed and developing countries worldwide and, more significantly, so has the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant campylobacte ...	2007	18031331
pulsed-plasma gas-discharge inactivation of microbial pathogens in chilled poultry wash water.	a pulsed-plasma gas-discharge (ppgd) system was developed for the novel decontamination of chilled poultry wash water. treatment of poultry wash water in the plasma generation chamber for up to 24 s at 4 degrees c reduced escherichia coli nctc 9001, campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, campylobacter coli atcc 33559, listeria monocytogenes nctc 9863, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 4931, and s. enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 populations to non-detectable levels (< or = 8 log cfu ...	2007	18095434
travel-related salmonella agama, gabon.		2007	18044046
statistical comparison of campylobacter jejuni subtypes from human cases and environmental sources.	to analyse campylobacter jejuni typing data to define statistically which potential reservoirs and transmission sources contain isolates that are most similar to one another and to isolates from human infections.	2007	18045395
dpra/smf protein localizes at the dna uptake machinery in competent bacillus subtilis cells.	dpra is a widely conserved bacterial protein and has been shown to confer an important function during transformation in competent cells, possibly through protection of incoming dna. b. subtilis dpra (called smf) and has been shown to play an important role during transformation with chromosomal dna, but its mode of action is unknown.	2007	18045469
phylogenomics and signature proteins for the alpha proteobacteria and its main groups.	alpha proteobacteria are one of the largest and most extensively studied groups within bacteria. however, for these bacteria as a whole and for all of its major subgroups (viz. rhizobiales, rhodobacterales, rhodospirillales, rickettsiales, sphingomonadales and caulobacterales), very few or no distinctive molecular or biochemical characteristics are known.	2007	18045498
pilo of pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244: subcellular location and domain assignment.	pilo of pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 catalyses the attachment of an o-antigen repeating unit to the beta-carbon of the pilin c-terminal residue, a serine. the present study was conducted to locate the regions of this enzyme important in catalysis and to establish the cellular location of the pilin glycosylation reaction. while pilo was not detectable in extracts of p. aeruginosa or escherichia coli, even under conditions of overexpression, it was found that an intact male-pilo fusion protein was ...	2007	18005110
host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of enterobacteriaceae.	while the normal microbiota has been implicated as a critical defense against invading pathogens, the impact of enteropathogenic infection and host inflammation on intestinal microbial communities has not been elucidated. using mouse models of citrobacter rodentium, which closely mimics human diarrheal pathogens inducing host intestinal inflammation, and campylobacter jejuni infection, as well as chemically and genetically induced models of intestinal inflammation, we demonstrate that host-media ...	2007	18005726
co-infection dynamics of a major food-borne zoonotic pathogen in chicken.	a major bottleneck in understanding zoonotic pathogens has been the analysis of pathogen co-infection dynamics. we have addressed this challenge using a novel direct sequencing approach for pathogen quantification in mixed infections. the major zoonotic food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni, with an important reservoir in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of chickens, was used as a model. we investigated the co-colonisation dynamics of seven c. jejuni strains in a chicken gi infection trial. th ...	2007	18020703
use of genomic dna control features and predicted operon structure in microarray data analysis: arraylearna - a bayesian approach.	background: microarrays are widely used for the study of gene expression; however deciding on whether observed differences in expression are significant remains a challenge. results: a computing tool (arraylearna) has been developed for gene expression analysis. it implements a bayesian approach which is based on the gumbel distribution and uses printed genomic dna control features for normalization and for estimation of the parameters of the bayesian model and prior knowledge from predicted ope ...	2007	18021437
role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections in bosnia and herzegovina: laboratory-based study.	to investigate genetic diversity and specificity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from humans, retail poultry meat, and live farm chickens in zenica-doboj canton, bosnia and herzegovina, and identify the role of poultry meat in sporadic campylobacter infections.	2007	18074419
characterization of campylobacter phages including analysis of host range by selected campylobacter penner serotypes.	the predominant food borne pathogen in the western world today is campylobacter. campylobacter specific bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as an alternative agent for reducing the burden of campylobacter in broilers. one concern in relation to phage biocontrol is the narrow host range often displayed by phages. to identify the potential of phages as a campylobacter reducing agent we needed to determine their infectivity on a panel of isolates representing the campylobacter strains found ...	2007	17945022
crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator acrr from escherichia coli.	the acrab multidrug efflux pump, which belongs to the resistance nodulation division (rnd) family, recognizes and extrudes a wide range of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents and causes the intrinsic antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. the expression of acrab is controlled by the transcriptional regulator acrr, whose open reading frame is located 141 bp upstream of the acrab operon. to understand the structural basis of acrr regulation, we have determined the crystal structure of acrr ...	2007	17950313
survival of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in bovine feces on pasture.	the survival of enteric bacteria was measured in bovine feces on pasture. in each season, 11 cow pats were prepared from a mixture of fresh dairy cattle feces and sampled for up to 150 days. four pats were analyzed for escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, and enterococci, and four inoculated pats were analyzed for campylobacter jejuni and salmonella enterica. two pats were placed on drainage collectors, and another pat was fitted with a temperature probe. in the first 1 to 3 weeks, there were i ...	2007	17951435
a case of acute papillary muscle rupture in a child with campylobacter enteritis and citrullinaemia.	we report a case of acute papillary muscle rupture associated with intercurrent campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis in a child with a diagnosis of citrullinaemia, requiring urgent mitral valve replacement.	2007	17952406
campylobacter jejuni cst-ii polymorphisms and association with development of guillain-barré syndrome.		2007	17954791
the structure of mycobacteria 2c-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase, an essential enzyme, provides a platform for drug discovery.	the prevalence of tuberculosis, the prolonged and expensive treatment that this disease requires and an increase in drug resistance indicate an urgent need for new treatments. the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis is an attractive chemotherapeutic target because it occurs in many pathogens, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is absent from humans. to underpin future drug development it is important to assess which enzymes in this biosynthetic path ...	2007	17956607
continuous spectrum of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of guillain-barré syndrome.	pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness (pcb) is considered a variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). because of its rarity, there have been no studies of large numbers of patients with pcb.	2007	17923636
shiga toxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome: time to change the diagnostic paradigm?	hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is caused by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) which possess genes encoding shiga toxin (stx), the major virulence factor, and adhesin intimin (eae). however, the frequency of stx-negative/eae-positive e. coli in stools of hus patients and the clinical significance of such strains are unknown.	2007	17925872
an undecaprenyl phosphate-aminoarabinose flippase required for polymyxin resistance in escherichia coli.	modification of lipid a with the 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) moiety is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides in escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. an operon of seven genes (designated pmrhfijklm in s. typhimurium), which is regulated by the pmra transcription factor and is also present in e. coli, is necessary for the maintenance of polymyxin resistance. we previously elucidated the roles of pmrhfijk in the biosynthesis and attachment of l-a ...	2007	17928292
contribution of conserved atp-dependent proteases of campylobacter jejuni to stress tolerance and virulence.	in prokaryotic cells the atp-dependent proteases lon and clpp (clp proteolytic subunit) are involved in the turnover of misfolded proteins and the degradation of regulatory proteins, and depending on the organism, these proteases contribute variably to stress tolerance. we constructed mutants in the lon and clpp genes of the food-borne human pathogen campylobacter jejuni and found that the growth of both mutants was impaired at high temperature, a condition known to increase the level of misfold ...	2007	17933920
enumeration of viable listeria monocytogenes cells by real-time pcr with propidium monoazide and ethidium monoazide in the presence of dead cells.	propidium monoazide (pma) and ethidium monoazide were used for enumeration of viable listeria monocytogenes cells in the presence of dead cells. pma had no antimicrobial effect on l. monocytogenes. viable cell counts were linearly related to real-time pcr threshold cycle values for pma-treated cells from planktonic and biofilm sources over a 4-log range.	2007	17933922