Publications

clinical characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1979	313176
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in different strains of cortisonized mice.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was produced in eight different strains of mice by the administration of corticosteroids, low (8%)-protein diet, and tetracycline in the drinking water. heavier degrees of p. carinii infection were most consistently found in c3h/hen mice; intermediate levels occurred in balb/c ann, c57bl/6n, b10.a(2r), akr/j, and swiss webster mice; lighter degrees were found in dba/2n and dba/ij mice. histopathologically, p. carinii organisms were morphologically indistinguishable ...	1979	313907
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as the presenting infection in congenital hypogammaglobulinemia.		1979	314502
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a study of 22 postmortem cases at chulalongkorn hospital.		1979	314966
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.	previous descriptions of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have emphasized a variety of radiographic patterns which most often apply to advanced disease. we reviewed the chest roentgenograms of children taken at or just after the onset of clinical symptoms. subtle but definite abnormalities of pulmonary vessels, hila, parenchyma, and aeration were observed. appreciation of these early changes is necessary to initiate prompt treatment. the role of lung biopsy and the histologic features of these pat ...	1979	315614
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: epidemiology in japan, and cyst concentration method.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been markedly increasing recently in japan. most cases are seen after receiving anti-cancer and immunosuppressive therapy against their underlying diseases. no cases have been found in undernourished or premature infants. the authors proposed a new method which can concentrate the cysts efficiently from the human and animal lungs, and express the density of infection quantitatively at the same time. this method will especially be valuable to demonstrate the org ...	1979	315677
limited effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on pneumocystis carinii.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been proven effective in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in lower animals and humans. how effective the drug combination is in eradicating p. carinii from the host is not known. the immunosuppressed rat model was used to determine whether or not trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole effectively eradicated the organism. animals treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for as long as 6 weeks were then placed in individual isolator cages, ...	1979	315754
refractory pneumocystis carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease: successful treatment with granulocytes.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in an 11-year-old girl with chronic granulomatous disease who had normal cellular and humoral immunity. the patient remained febrile during treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and pentamidine but became afebrile when treated with a series of 12 granulocyte transfusions combined with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. in addition to documenting p carinii infection in chronic granulomatous disease our findings suggest that granulocyte transfusions may ...	1979	316128
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine: efficacy and toxicity.	a 39-year-old man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia responded poorly to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) therapy, despite excellent serum concentrations of the drug. he developed severe thrombocytopenia when pentamidine was added to the regimen. this case illustrates problems of drug efficacy and toxicity in the treatment of p carinii pneumonia and suggests caution in the use of tmp-smx and pentamidine in combination.	1979	316194
cultivation of pneumocystis carinii with wi-38 cells.	pneumocystis carinii has been successfully cultured with wi-38 human embryonic lung fibroblasts. inoculum was obtained from infected lungs of cortisone-treated sprague-dawley rats. trophozoites reached peak numbers between days 4 and 8 and grew in two subcultures, but then proliferation ceased. if primary cultures were harvested and new medium were added, a second and sometimes a third harvest could be obtained. cell monolayers were not destroyed. after growth of the initial inoculum had ceased, ...	1979	316433
[radiographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (author's transl)].		1979	316467
[value of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1979	316889
[congenital syphilis, malnutrition and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].	a korean child aged six months with congenital syphilis and malnutrition developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he recovered after treatment with trimethoprin/sulphamethoxazole with assisted ventilation. there was no evidence of immune deficiency. the role of congenital syphilis and malnutrition predisposing the baby to this infection is discussed.	1979	317242
pneumocystosis: a chronic respiratory distress syndrome in the dog.	pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in two unrelated miniature dachshunds is reported. the clinical findings, gross- and histopathology and some diagnostic transmission and scanning electron microscopic features of the condition are described. although pneumocystosis has been reported from a human and a domestic goat in the republic of south africa, these are probably the first reported cases of the canine disease in this country.	1979	317832
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in chronically immunosuppressed patients. apropos of 33 cases].	the availability of drugs that are active against pneumocystis carinii has renewed interest in and underlined the difficulties of the early diagnosis pneumocystis pneumonia. a retrospective study of 33 cases was undertaken to define the optimal management. it is necessary to take into consideration the high mortality of the untreated condition and the risks of investigation and of treatment. pneumocystis pneumonia affects only those patients who are immunologicaly incompetent, particularly those ...	1979	318016
thoracoscopy. early diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis in the immunologically suppressed child.	interstitial pneumonitis in immunosuppressed patients demands prompt diagnosis and treatment. in an effort to achieve a simple yet highly accurate method of diagnosis, we have evaluated the usefulness of thoracoscopic examination. twenty-seven procedures have been performed in 24 patients between the ages of 17 months and 18 years. all patients were immunosuppressed, most for treatment of malignant processes. all procedures have been performed under anesthesia with intravenously administered ket ...	1979	369778
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the united states.	after approximately 5 years of clinical use in great britain and other european countries, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in fixed-dose combination was introduced into the united states in 1973. as a result of sequential blockade in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid, the antimicrobial activity of the combination exceeds that of either agent alone. although the drug is approved for use in only chronic urinary-tract infection, otitis media, shigellosis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, ma ...	1979	382938
effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on hematological recovery after total body irradiation and autologous marrow infusion in dogs.	to test the effect of the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) on hematological recovery after bone marrow transplantation, dogs were conditioned with 1,200 r total body irradiation and then infused with autologous marrow. twenty dogs were given tmp-smx at doses equivalent to 10, 20, or 40 mg tmp/kg/day beginning on the day of marrow infusion and continued until the granulocyte count reached 10(3)/mul; in addition, one-half of the dogs received methotrexate, 0.4 mg/kg on days 1 ...	1979	386587
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis: a serological study.	sera from 23 proven or clinically suspected cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) in immunosuppressed patients predominantly with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and from 91 normal people, were examined for antibody to p. carinii by indirect immunofluorescence. low levels of antibody were found in 51 of 91 normal people and elevated or rising titres of antibody in 18 out of 21 cases from whom paired or serial convalescent sera could be obtained.	1979	389956
the value of pneumocystis carinii antibody and antigen detection for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after marrow transplantation.	thirty-three marrow transplant patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were studied to determine the usefulness of antibody and antigen detection in the diagnosis of pneumocystis infection. antibody against p. carinii was present in one half of all patients tested, and changes in antibody titer were not helpful diagnostically. p. carinii antigen was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the serum of 22 of 28 patients tested. fifteen of 28 patients had antigen detected before or within ...	1979	391111
[listeriosis in the kidney transplant recipients. ten cases (author's transl)].	three clinical pictures were found in ten cases of listeriosis after renal transplantation: septicemia (six cases), meningo-encephalitis (three cases) and asymtomatic but recurrent bacteriuria (one case). several features demonstrate profound immunologic disturbances in the recipient: close relationship in 9 cases out of 10 between infection and high doses of immunosuppressive drugs, unfavorable outcome of graft (accelerated rejection in 4 cases out of 10) and association in one case with lethal ...	1979	392456
infectious complications of human bone marrow transplantation.	infections are an almost inevitable complication of human bone marrow transplantation and account for the majority of deaths in transplant recipients. even prior to the initiation of the transplantation procedure, patients may present with infections complicating previously unsuccessful chemotherapy for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia. nevertheless, these pre-transplantation infections should not exclude the possibility of bone marrow transplantation if they can be successfully contr ...	1979	368507
diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients. prospective study of 80 cases.	over a two year period, we studied prospectively 80 cases of diffuse pneumonia at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center. in 72 per cent of these, the patient had leukemia or lymphoma. diagnostic procedures consisted of extensive serologic testing for antibody to known respiratory pathogens, including the agent of legionnaire's disease, and culturing of biopsy specimens for bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas and fungi. of 44 cases in which open lung biopsy was performed, a specific cause was found i ...	1979	420237
fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections: assessment of sputa, washings, brushings and biopsy specimens.	fiberoptic bronchoscopy (washings, brushings and biopsies) was done in 25 cases of proven opportunistic pulmonary infections in compromised hosts. diagnostic yields of bronchoscopic procedures and expectorated sputum were compared. sputum examination gave the lowest yield (14 percent). bronchial washings and brushings were diagnostic in 30 percent and 38 percent of patients, respectively. on transbronchial biopsy of the lung (tbb) pathogens were identified in 75 percent of patients with pneumocy ...	1979	483790
a new guinea pig mutant with abnormal hair production and immunodeficiency.	hairless guinea pigs were born in a closed colony of hartley guinea pigs. at birth, hairless guinea pigs were smaller than littermates, had wrinkled skin and stunted vibrissae. the most striking abnormality histologically was distension of the upper portion of the pilary canal with thickening of the epidermis. hairlessness resulted from production of abnormal hair shafts. preliminary work indicated that in addition to hairlessness, the guinea pigs were athymic or hypothymic. initial immunologic ...	1979	529772
[results of bronchial scrapings in interstitial pulmonary diseases in immunodeficient children (author's transl)].	endobronchial scraping was used in 53 immunodeficient children, aged 4 months to 15 years, and divided into three categories (37 receiving immunosuppression treatment, 8 with marasmus, and 8 with immunodeficiency), in order to determine the etiology of their interstitial pneumopathy. the examination was made under blind conditions in 21 cases using an intubation tube (under assisted ventilation), and with bronchoscopy under general anesthesia in the other 32 cases. three scrapings were required ...	1979	549512
uptake and degradation of pneumocystis carinii by macrophages in vitro.	pneumocystis carinii organisms, isolated from lungs of rats with glucocorticoid-induced pneumocystosis, were ingested and degraded in vitro by alveolar and peritoneal macrophages obtained from healthy rats and mice. uptake of the organisms was inhibited at 4 degrees c and by treatment of macrophages with iodoacetate. neither uptake nor degradation was inhibited by pretreatment of macrophages with hydrocortisone sodium phosphate in vitro. although peritoneal macrophages of any age in vitro were c ...	1978	369410
infections in hairy-cell leukemia.	in order to determine the nature of infectious complications in hairy-cell leukemia we studied 20 consecutive patients seen at ucla and analyzed the available literature. the incidence of serious infection in our series was 40%, and pneumonia and septicemia due to pseudomonas and e. coli organisms were the leading types of infections. fungal infections with cryptococci and histoplasma organisms were documented, and a single case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was observed. noninfectious fever ...	1978	416862
[alveolointerstitial pneumopathy with pneumocystis carinii. incidence of the disease in a hospital department for premature and dystrophic infants].		1978	418481
pneumocystis carinii infection: evidence for high prevalence in normal and immunosuppressed children.	using pneumocystis carinii organisms propagated through three passages in embryonic chick epithelial lung cultures, specific antigens and antisera were prepared for use in counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniques. these methods proved to be specific and sensitive for the detection of p. carinii antigen and antibody, respectively, in sera, and were applied to the study of cancer patients with p. carinii pneumonitis (pcp), cancer patients without pneumonitis, ...	1978	400818
maintenance of foals with combined immunodeficiency: causes and control of secondary infections.	sixty-six cases of combined immunodeficiency (cid) in foals were studied to determine the most prevalent causes of infection and death. lesions of the respiratory system were observed in 59 of the foals and were attributable to infection with equine adenovirus. pneumocystis carinii, and bacteria. significant lesions were also observed in liver, pancreas, intestines, heart, and kidneys. maintenance of foals with cid for experimental purposes is directed at the prevention and control of these seco ...	1978	208432
[a case of pneumocystis carinii penumonia complicated with lung cancer (author's transl)].		1978	209234
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. clinical aspects and therapy].		1978	209318
comparison of pentamidine isethionate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	fifty patients with p. carinii pneumonitis were randomized to receive either pentamidine isethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. those not responding favorably to the first drug after three or more days of therapy were changed to the alternate drug. of the 26 patients initially treated with tmp-smz, 20 recovered (0.77)-17 after tmp-smz alone and three of nine who were crossed over to pentamidine. of the 24 patients initially treated with pentamidine, 18 recovered (0.75)-14 of 15 wh ...	1978	304478
diagnosis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1978	305232
the interaction in vitro of pneumocystis carinii with macrophages and l-cells.	a model was developed for studying the interaction between pneumocystis, rat-derived cells, and humoral factors. pneumocystis were obtained in large quantity by bronchial lavage of steroid-treated rats. the trophozoite was the predominant form obtained, and it could readily be recognized by phase contrast microscopy. organisms maintained a typical morphology for at least 3 days in culture, and 10-20% took up radiolabeled nucleotides. pneumocystis readily adhered to cell surfaces in a similar man ...	1978	342665
radiation pneumonitis complicated by pneumocystis carinii.		1978	305915
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.		1978	305955
abnormal gallium scintigraphy in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with a normal chest radiograph.	the authors describe a patient with malignant lymphoma in whom the use of a 67ga citrate lung scan assisted in the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. in immunodeficient patients presenting with unexplained fever, abnormal pulmonary function tests, a normal chest radiograph, and few chest symptoms, the 67ga citrate scan may lead to the early detection and successful treatment of this potentially lethal infection.	1978	306119
developmental biology of pneumocystis carinii, and alternative view on the life cycle of the parasite.	in this paper we present, based on elaborate ultrastructural studies, data on the existence of both intracellular and extracellular stages of pneumocystis carinii, which result in a proposal of a new life cycle of the parasite. up to now the formation of daughter cells in thick-walled pneumocysts is supposed to be the only way of multiplication. the present study shows that in rats treated with cortisone acetate the formation of daughter cells also takes place within thin-walled pneumocysts. in ...	1978	306160
impairment of cell-mediated immunity in ectodermal dysplasia with aplastic anemia.	a case of ectodermal dysplasia and aplastic anemia is presented in which a cell-mediated immunodeficiency led to a fatal pneumocystis carinii infection. elevated levels of igg, iga and igd were present with normal specific antibody titres. a deficient cell-mediated immunity was documented by low t cell numbers, poor in vitro mitogenic responses, negative skin tests and by the histologic finding at autopsy of thymic dysplasia.	1978	306986
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1978	307068
trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole for treatment of infection with pneumocystis carinii in renal insufficiency.	pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii developed in an immunosuppressed patient with a renal transplant who had substantial renal failure. successful treatment was acheived with administration of trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole at a dosage adjusted to the degree of renal failure. there were no significant adverse effects from this therapy.	1978	307483
the zellweger syndrome: subcellular pathology, neuropathology, and the demonstration of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in two siblings.	the first scandinavian cases of zellweger syndrome (zs) are described. a brother and sister, children of first cousins, had the typical clinical symptoms and pathological findings. extensive metabolic studies in the boy were negative. pipecolic acid in the urine was not elevated. both children died at 14 weeks of age. two months earlier the girl had suffered severe intestinal bleeding. both had pneumocystic carinii pneumonia at autopsy although no evidence of immune deficiency had been found in ...	1978	307490
propagation of pneumocystis carinii in vero cell culture.	pneumocystis carinii derived from infected murine lung was found to be capable of limited growth in vero african green monkey kidney cell cultures. the observed increase in the number of cyst forms was influenced by the ratio of cysts to host cells in the inocula, duration of passage, and formulation of the cell culture media. maximum growth was achieved by inoculating 1.3 x 10(5) cysts per 75-cm2 flask containing about 2 x 10(7) vero cells (cyst-to-cell ratio=1:154) maintained on minimal essent ...	1978	307535
combination of pentamidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats.	treatment with either pentamidine isethionate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole significantly reduces the mortality of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. it is not known whether a combination might act in an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic manner. we studied the interaction of these two agents in the steroid-conditioned rat model of pneumocystosis. of animals receiving pentamidine alone, 48% died and 45% had p. carinii cysts at autopsy. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone resulted in 21% mort ...	1978	307941
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1978	308558
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a 5-year-old child against the background of residual tuberculous changes].		1978	309589
pneumocystis pneumonia: a plague of the immunosuppressed.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis is a diffuse bilateral alveolopathy encountered in the immunocompromised host with cancer, a congenital immune deficiency disorder, an organ transplant, severe protein-energy malnutrition or recipients of immunosuppressive therapy for other conditions. the onset is abrupt with fever and tachypnea. no rales are heard and the roentgenogram reveals a diffuse alveolar disease. once the pneumonitis is evident, the infection is usually fatal if no treatment is given. t ...	1978	309968
an outbreak of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at a pediatric hospital.	eleven cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed during a 3 1/2-year period at a pediatric hospital where this infection had never been identified previously despite appropriate studies. the incidence of infection was 3.0, 7.4, and 4.2 cases per 1,000 patient months in children being treated for acute leukemia, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. the outbreak coincided with increased intensity of chemotherapy for these malignancies. ten of the patients had received fo ...	1978	310539
[clinical observations and diagnostic difficulties in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants].		1978	311104
[exogenous allergic alveolitis during childhood (author's transl)].	four children aged 31/2 to 13 years, who developed allergic alveolitis as a result of antigenic exposure in a domestic situation are described. the clinical symptoms consisted of gradual onset of increasing dyspnoea, chronic cough and weight loss. lung function tests showed characteristic reduction in vital and diffusion capacity. serologically, antibodies against animal antigens were demonstrated in all patients. radiologically there were pronounced reticular changes in both lungs affecting mos ...	1978	147824
endemic pneumocystis carinii in a marmoset colony.		1978	96156
[therapeutic and preventive aspects of diseases caused by pneumocystis carinii in children].		1978	92047
efficacy of toluidine blue "o" stain for pneumocystis carinii.		1978	77128
treatment of advanced hodgkin's disease with b-cave following mopp failure.	between march 1973, and december 1976, 22 patients who developed disease progression during or after mopp therapy were treated with a new combination, b-cave (bleomycin 5 mg/m2 iv days 1, 28, 35; ccnu 100 mg/m2 po day 1; adriamycin 60 mg/m2 iv day 1; and vinblastine 5 mg/m2 iv day 1). objective responses were achieved in 17 of 22 patients (77%) and 11 of 22 responses were complete (50%). the actuarial survival for all patients is 16.4 months. for complete responders the median is 24 months with ...	1978	77180
rapid methenamine silver stain for pneumocystis and fungi.	a rapid modification of the methenamine silver stain for pneumocystis carinii and fungi employs heat alone to accelerate the silver reduction step and is suitable for both sections and smears.	1978	78698
modified grocott's methenamine silver nitrate method for quick staining of pneumocystis carinii.		1978	80411
[bronchial brushing in severe lung diseases in children].	a distal bronchial brushing was performed in 25 children having severe lung diseases. the age of the patients ranged from 7 days to 14 years. seventeen children were immuno-depressed. bacteria were isolated five times (2 staphylococcus aureus, 1 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 serratia marcenscens, 1 acinetobacter lwoffi), viruses twice (cytomegalovirus, syncytial respiratory virus), pneumocystis carinii, four times. cytologic study revealed malignant cells, and cells with intranuclear inclusions, e ...	1978	637669
[infections in children with cancer].	in 38 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and hodgkin's disease 60 episodes of infection were registered showing the unquestionable increased susceptibility to infections in these cases. in 90% of the patients the infectious focus was localized and the pulmonary showed to be the most frequent. the etiology of the infection was established in 53% of the episodes and the bacterial, both gram-positive as gram-negative, showed the greatest frequency. in the second place came viral infections (m ...	1978	687426
the use of gallium-67 in pulmonary disorders.	imaging of the chest cage with gallium-67 (67ga) citrate is relatively easier to perform and interpret than imaging of the abdomen, because normally pulmonary concentration is low after 48 hr and physiologic accumulation in bones and breast can be recognized by its distribution. modern scintillation detectors, particularly large field cameras with multiple pulse-height analyzers, give substantially better gallium images than those available in the past. because of the nonspecific affinity of gal ...	1978	715466
[the incidence and treatment of pneumocystis carini pneumonia at the department for infants in the salata children's hospital over a period of 10 years (author's transl)].		1978	310500
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia without immunodeficiency in a child].		1978	16114344
lung biopsy in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a histopathologic study of typical and atypical features.	this study of 36 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia emphasizes a spectrum of histopathologic changes that have not been classically considered features of the infection. these atypical microscopic findings were present in 69% of the cases as defined in this retrospective examination. as expected, the suggestion of the correct diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the basis of a frozen section and without the aid of appropriate special stains was extremely difficult in the majo ...	1977	64112
morphologic resemblance of zygomycete spores to pneumocystis carinii cysts in tissue.	structures resembling the cyst form of pneumocystis carinii were noted in the lungs of alloxan-diabetic rabbits to whom spores of several species of fungi belonging to the class zygomycetes had been administered by intranasal instillation. at 24 to 168 hours after the instillation of spores, these rabbits succumbed to diabetes or zygomycete infection, or both, and the possibility of a mixed infection with both fungus and p. carinii could not be ruled out on morphologic criteria alone. to resolve ...	1977	65138
[therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult age].		1977	66123
[morphological diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii].	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can only be diagnosed once the microorganism is demonstrated. the authors review and illustrate various staining technics, and discuss for each of them specific advantages. all samples must by systematically examined both by phase contrast microscopy and by light microscopy after gomori-grocott and gram-weigert stains. this morphological study is completed by ultrastructural photographs.	1977	67587
percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration of the lung. diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.	percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration was performed on 228 occasions to obtain lung specimens from 202 patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. in 121 patients the diagnosis was established by identifying p carinii organisms in lung aspirates. six patients whose aspirates did not contain p carinii were found to have the organism at autopsy. findings from toluidine blue o and gomori methenamine silver nitrate stains were equally satisfactory for detecting p carinii, but th ...	1977	70167
rapid grocott's methenamine--silver nitrate method for fungi and pneumocystis carinii.		1977	70994
neutrophil function in bone marrow transplant recipients.	the neutrophil function of seven patients receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantion was studied. five of the patients had been transplanted for aplastic anaemia and two for acute leukaemia. determinations were made of neutrophil phagocytosis, chemotaxis, random migration, and microbicidal activity for candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus. one patient showed a decreased ability to kill c. albicans at a time when she had active pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii. the remainder of the ...	1977	15582
arthritis rounds. pneumocystis carinii associated with polyarteritis and immunosuppressive therapy.	pneumocystis carinii characteristically causes pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiency disorders. it occurs most often in patients with malignancy or renal transplants whose immune response has been suppressed by corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents. individuals with connective tissue disease who receive immunosuppressive drugs become susceptible to pneumocystis. the incidence of pneumocystis infection in connective tissue disease is low but may increase if immunosuppressive drugs are used mo ...	1977	17412
[lung changes after organ transplantation].	the morphological pulmonary alterations in renal transplant recipients have been investigated in the light of 62 autopsies. apart from the predominant pulmonary edema of septic, uremic or circulatory origin, pneumonic opportunistic infections were prominent. the most important agents proved to be bacteria, cytomegalovirus and fungi. in most cases, mixed infections were observed. at autopsy, pneumocystis carinii infections appeared to be of little importance. the pathology of the pulmonary change ...	1977	189389
pneumocystis carinii in vitro: a study by scanning electron microscopy.	pneumocystis carinii is a parasitic microorganism which induces an often fatal pneumonitis in a variety of compromised patients (e.g., premature infants, those with congenital immune deficiency disorders, those therapeutically immune suppressed, etc.). organisms derived from murine sources were cultivated in vitro on monolayers of primary embryonic chick epithelial lung cells. the infected cultures were then examined by scanning electron microscopy. an examination of the surface ultrastructure r ...	1977	299987
[diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the adult].		1977	300321
propagation of pneumocystis carinii in vitro.	pneumocystis carinii was propagated in vitro with primary embryonic chick epithelial lung (cel) cells. viability and growth of the organism were demonstrated by direct observation of the reproductive cycle in the sykes-moore chamber, serial passage with an increase in the number of mature cysts forms, the cytopathic effect of the organism on cell culture, and inhibition of growth of the organism by specific antiserum and pentamidine isethionate. attempts to culture p. carinii indefinitely were n ...	1977	300475
pneumocystis carinii in a pig.		1977	300522
new aspects of the life cycle of pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis is recognized as a cause of pneumonitis in vertebrates, including man. so far an extra-cellular life cycle has been proposed; thick-walled cysts are the site of the formation of so-called intracystic bodies. these intracystic bodies are set free and are supposed to develop into free living thin-walled pneumocysts ("trophic" stage) (seifert and pliess, 1960; vavra and kucera, 1970; campbell, 1972). in this paper we present, based on elaborative ultrastructural studies, data on the ex ...	1977	300530
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pneumatocele formation.		1977	300563
ultrastructure in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis and pneumocystosis.	a child with histiocytosis x initially diagnosed at the age of 4 months had a series of pulmonary biopsies later in the course of the disease. the specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. the primary disease was complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this study demonstrates the limitation of light microscopy and the necessity of ultrastructural examination to verify the simultaneous occurrence of an infiltrative disorder such as histiocytosis x in the presence of an infe ...	1977	300618
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.	eighteen children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed over a period of 16 years at a children's hospital are reviewed. all had an underlying disease, either congenital immunodeficiency or a malignancy. 15 patients were treated, 10 with pentamidine isethionate alone, 2 with both pentamidine and co-trimoxazole, and 3 with co-trimoxazole alone. 12 of the treated group recovered and the 3 untreated patients died. the 3 deaths after treatment occurred in children receiving pentamidine alone ...	1977	301010
the causes of interstitial pneumonitis in immunocompromised children: an aggressive systematic approach to diagnosis.	a systematic, aggressive approach to the immunocompromised child with interstitial pneumonitis has been used in 24 consecutive patients. parent and physician awareness of early symptoms and signs had been emphasized. when laboratory data confirmed clinical suspicion, open lung biopsy was done and lung tissue was studied by impression smears, sections, and culture techniques. the etiologic agent was established by stained impression smears within three hours of receipt of tissue in 21 of 24 patie ...	1977	301628
nude mouse: a new experimental model for pneumocystis carinii infection.	experimental infection with both human- and rat-derived pneumocystis carinii has been produced in nude mice by intrapulmonary injection of lung homogenates that contained p. carinii and by environmental transmission. most infected mice did not appear ill, and their lungs exhibited a mild and nonspecific inflammatory response. thus, p. carinii can be transmitted from one animal species to another, and this result suggests that a defect in thymic-dependent lymphocytes is important in the developme ...	1977	301657
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children.	from a retrospective study at the university of california, san francisco, medical center, it is evident that pneumocystic carinii pneumonia is being seen more frequently as a secondary complication to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. this disease presents with nonspecific respiratory symptoms, therefore a high degree of suspicion and knowledge of the population at risk are necessary for an early diagnosis. except for x-ray films of the chest, physical and laboratory studies are of minimal di ...	1977	301686
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by varicella in an infant with persistent ductus arteriosus].		1977	302000
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children. a problem of hospital infections].		1977	302011
management of severe respiratory insufficiency due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in immunosuppressed hosts: the role of continuous negative-pressure ventilation.	continuous negative-pressure therapy was used to assist ventilation in 19 spontaneously breathing patients, 6 months to 17 years of age, who developed progressive respiratory insufficiency (arterial po2 less than 70 mm hg despite a fraction of inspired o2 larger than or equal to 50 per cent) due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. within 1 hour of therapy, arterial po2 increased from a mean +/- se of 61.9 +/- 3.7 to 75.4 +/- 7.0 mm hg (p less than 0.05) and, by 6 hours, to 79.9 +/- 4.7 mm hg (p ...	1977	302099
interstitial pneumonitis in the immunologically suppressed child: an urgent surgical condition.	thirty-eight children were evaluated for interstitial pneumonia by open lung biopsy. in most instances the patients were immunosuppressed as a result of cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. pneumocystis carinii infection was the most common cause of pneumonitis (60.4%), especially in children with leukemia (78.3%). the clinical triad of hypoxemia, tachypnea, and a diffuse interstitial infiltrate on chest x-ray, is an indication for early open lung biopsy. survival was 91.7% in cases of acute pne ...	1977	302327
[occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in tracheotomized children].		1977	302931
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was diagnosed on lung biopsy in an immunosuppressed patient. therapy with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole led to a rapid clinical recovery with no side-effects being observed.	1977	303097
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. occurrence in a healthy american infant.		1977	303294
pneumocystis carinii infection.	over the past decade, p carinii has become an important cause of pneumonia in the compromised host. progress has been made in clinical awareness of the organism, in methods of diagnosis, and in developing new forms of treatment. however, there is still a lack of basic knowledge about the biology, taxonomy, and epidemiology of p carinii; of specific host immune factors involved in the pathogenesis of the infection; and of a clinically reliable serologic test. with recent advances in p carinii res ...	1977	303379
indication of primary immune deficiency in fanconi's anemia.	a girl with various congenital malformations developed pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow at the age of 6 year. a chromosome study of lymphocytes showed numerous breaks, gaps and rearrangements, allowing the diagnosis of fanconi's anemia. treatment with corticosteroids and splenectomy did not result in hematologic remission. repeated immunologic studies showed increasingly deficient t cell function as judged by lymphocyte transformation studies and skin test reactivity, whereas t cell numb ...	1977	303430
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and small children].		1977	303761
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: clinical and epidemiological studies].		1977	303835
[pneumocystis carinii].		1977	303984
[x-ray pictures in pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. nine cases of immunodepressed patients (author's transl)].	the authors analyse the pulmonary symptoms found by x-ray in nine immunodepressed patients who were hosts to pneumocystis carinii. the radiological abnormalities do not generally appear early nor are they specific; the syndrome of diffuse alveolar consolidation only appears at a late stage, it is most serious in the base and the peri-hilar regions, but does not affect the apex. it would appear that no prognostic value can be ascribed to the radiological results. the authors therefore suggest bro ...	1977	304105
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].	a study is carried out in 8 infants with a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which was established through the study of histologic lung sections, and a microscopic study of protozoas. the following are some of the factors predisposing to this disease: prematurity, significant denutrition, primary immunodeficiencies, extended use of antibiotics, malignancies, and immunosuppressive treatments.	1977	354646
chronic fatal pneumocystosis in nude mice.	a chronic pulmonary disease was encountered in nude mice of a barrier sustained colony, and pneumocystis carinii was identified as the causative agent histopathologically as well as on impression smear preparations in the affected lungs. fatal infection was seen only in old nude mice aged more than 6 months, while focal pulmonary lesions were developed without clinical signs in young adult nudes 2 to 3 months of age. the lesions produced in aged nude mice were characterized by propagation of mon ...	1977	305493
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult: report of two cases.		1977	305672
[eight cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis associated with hematological malignancies (author's transl)].		1977	304495