Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| cloning, sequencing and chromosomal assignment of a gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae which is negatively regulated by glucose and positively by lipids. | we report the molecular cloning, nucleotide (nt) sequence and chromosomal assignment of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene glp1. this gene encoded a 15-kda protein that was synthesized at a low level during growth on glucose and was induced ninefold upon glucose deprivation. when glucose withdrawal was accompanied by the addition of fatty acids the induction was enhanced an additional two- to threefold. the glp1 gene product was identified as a soluble protein and purified using a combination of ... | 1990 | 2129531 |
| studies on nonspecific protection induced with omp of shigella flexneri and other genera of enterobacteriaceae. | outer membrane proteins (omp) isolated from shigella flexneri, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and salmonella typhimurium were tested for their protective activity. each omp preparate given to mice intraperitoneally in a single injection (5 micrograms/per mouse) protected the animals not only in homologous but also in varying intensity in heterologous systems. evidence was obtained that this nonspecific protection is cell mediated. | 1990 | 2130800 |
| immunogenic and protective properties of outer membrane proteins of hafnia alvei. | outer membrane proteins (omp) extracted from antigenically distinct or related strains of hafnia alvei containing defined composition of major proteins proved to be immunogenic. intraperitoneal immunization of mice with a single dose of such preparations protected the animals against homologous and heterologous hafnia strains. the omp preparations were also found to induce protection with varying intensity against escherichia, proteus, shigella and salmonella. | 1990 | 2130804 |
| a genetic therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia. | the whhl rabbit serves as an animal model for the human genetic disease, familial hypercholesterolemia. in initial studies aimed at the development of a genetic therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia (i.e., introduction of a normal ldl receptor gene), whhl rabbit skin fibroblasts were transduced with a retroviral vector expressing a normal human ldl receptor. correction of the whhl rabbit genetic defect in vitro was confirmed. autologous fibroblasts expressing ldl receptors were reimplanted i ... | 1990 | 2132544 |
| toxicity of certain pesticides against the chicken mite, dermanyssus gallinae. | 1990 | 2132965 | |
| [preparation of microbial silage from fish of underutilized species]. | fish silage was produced by microbial means from a mixture of several fish species which are not used for human consumption, and form part of the shrimp by-catch. the fish was mixed with a carbohydrate source (molasses) and a starter culture of lactobacillus plantarum 8014. the mixture was fermented at 30 +/- 2 degrees c. several tests were undertaken to determine the optimal conditions and concentration of molasses (5, 10 and 15%) and lactobacillus (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0%). results indica ... | 1990 | 2134144 |
| nucleotide sequence of the salmonella typhimurium glya gene. | the dna sequence of the salmonella typhimurium glya gene has been determined. the polypeptide deduced from the dna sequence contains 417 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 45428 daltons. s1 nuclease mapping experiments located the transcription start point and possible transcription termination region. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the s. typhimurium and escherichia coli glya genes were compared. the nucleotide sequences show 89% identity, and the amino acid seque ... | 1990 | 2134182 |
| t cell activation. ii. activation of human t lymphoma cells by cross-linking of their mhc class i antigens. | the present work demonstrates that antibody-induced cross-linking of mhc class i antigens on jurkat t lymphoma cells leads to a rise in intracellular calcium (cai2+) and, in the presence of phorbol ester (pma), to il-2 production and il-2 receptor expression. the rise in cai2+ exhibited a profile very different from that obtained after anti-cd3 antibody-induced activation suggesting that activation signals are transduced differently after binding of anti-cd3 antibody and class i cross-linking, r ... | 1990 | 2137376 |
| regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients following correction of anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. | left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent determinant of survival in patients with end-stage renal disease, and anemia is one determinant of hypertrophy in such patients. accordingly, the authors studied 22 dialysis patients by echocardiography before and after correction of their anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. observers were blinded to patient identity and order of studies. hemoglobin increased from 63 +/- 8 g/l (mean +/- standard deviation) to 114 +/- 15 g/l; an increase of ... | 1990 | 2138048 |
| effects of chronic non-ketotic diabetes and aging on myocardial function and fatty acid oxidation. | the effects of aging and chronic non-ketotic diabetes on contractile properties, oxygen consumption, palmitate oxidation and morphology were studied in isolated, perfused working hearts of 2, 9, 12 and 22 month old rats. the heart rate, coronary flow, and oxygen consumption were no different among the 9, 12 and 22 month control and diabetic hearts. cardiac work was not depressed in control hearts until 22 months of age. depression of cardiac output due to aging in the control hearts progressed i ... | 1990 | 2141842 |
| [antibiotic resistance of shigella isolated in the kara-kalpak a.s.s.r. 1987-1988]. | sensitivity of shigella spp. isolated in one of the hospitals of nukus within 1987-1988 and earlier in 1977 and 1985 was studied. s. flexneri 1-5 remained the main causative agents of dysentery on the territory. however, beginning from 1987 there were registered cases of dysentery caused by s. dysenteriae 1. the isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime, cephaloridine, polymyxin b and gentamicin. the majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and stre ... | 1990 | 2144726 |
| [a case of group morbidity from reiter's syndrome in patients with a history of acute intestinal infection]. | 1990 | 2151299 | |
| inhibition of collagenolytic activity and metastasis of tumor cells by a recombinant human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. | metalloproteinases secreted by tumor cells play an important role in metastasis. in the present study, we determined whether an inhibitor of these proteinases could inhibit the ability of tumor cells to degrade collagen and to metastasize. metalloproteinases with degradative activities for type i collagen, type iv collagen, gelatin, and casein were secreted by a highly metastatic rat embryo cell line (4r) transfected by c-ha-ras1 (also known as hras1). these metalloproteinases were identified by ... | 1990 | 2156082 |
| simultaneous primary infection with hiv and cmv leading to severe pancytopenia, hepatitis, nephritis, perimyocarditis, myositis, and alopecia totalis. | simultaneous primary infection with hiv and cmv in an 18-year-old woman led to an acute cytotoxic reaction, manifesting as pancytopenia, hepatitis, nephritis, perimyocarditis, and myositis. within 14 days parameters indicating acute cell damage reverted to normal. two weeks later transient alopecia totalis developed. initially, hiv-antigen but no hiv antibodies were present. within 3 weeks hiv-igg antibodies appeared while hiv antigen disappeared. anti-cmv-igm was clearly and anti-cmv-igg questi ... | 1990 | 2156107 |
| mri quantitation of edema in focal cerebral ischemia in cats: correlation with cytochrome aa3 oxidation state. | 1h mri permits detection of edema in the brain. in a middle cerebral artery stroke model in the cat, we found a significant correlation between an edema index based on mri and a sensitive metabolic index of ischemia, the in vivo oxidation status of mitochondrial cytochrome aa3 determined by near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometry (r = -0.70, alpha = 0.001). this result suggests that a simple, noninvasive study using mri can provide an index of the extent of ischemic damage in an experimental ... | 1990 | 2156126 |
| molecular characterization of a trans-acting, positive effector (ipar) of invasion plasmid antigen synthesis in shigella flexneri serotype 5. | a trans-acting, positive effector of invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) synthesis has been identified and mapped on the pwr100 invasion plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 (strain m90t-w). recombinant plasmids carrying this regulatory gene, designated ipar, were found to restore full virulence to a non-invasive ipar::tn5 insertion mutant [m90t-w(phs1042)] that had lost the ability to synthesize four ipa antigens (ipaa, 70 kda; ipab, 62 kda; ipac, 42 kda; and ipad, 37 kda). genetic mapping of the ... | 1990 | 2166210 |
| coxsackie b1 virus infection enhances the bacterial invasiveness, the phagocytosis and the membrane permeability in hep-2 cells. | to analyze the effect of coxsackie b1 virus infection on bacterial invasiveness, phagocytosis and cytoplasma membrane permeability, we have studied invasiveness of shigella flexneri, unspecific phagocytosis of latex particles and release of the non-metabolizible amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib). virus infection enhanced invasiveness of s. flexneri and phagocytosis of latex beads and increased plasma membrane permeability as measured by release of aib. the effect on all three function ... | 1990 | 2166540 |
| morphine and fentanyl anesthetic interactions with diazepam: relative antagonism in rats. | the anesthetic effects of morphine-diazepam and fentanyl-diazepam combinations as characterized by abolition of the movement response to noxious stimulation were studied in rats to test the hypothesis of antagonistic interactions between the components of these combinations. noxious pressure on the tail was used to induce the response. dose-effect curves were constructed for the drugs given alone and in combination. with the use of probit procedure ed50 values for single drugs and their combinat ... | 1990 | 2168134 |
| kinetics of the reaction of prostaglandin h synthase compound ii with ascorbic acid. | the reduction of prostaglandin h synthase compound ii by ascorbic acid in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate was studied in 0.1 m phosphate buffer (ph 8.0) at 4.0 +/- 0.5 degrees c, by rapid scan spectrometry and transient state kinetics. a saturation effect and nonzero intercept were observed in the plot of pseudo-first-order rate constant versus ascorbic acid concentration. the saturation behavior suggests formation of a complex between prostaglandin h synthase compound ii and ascorbic aci ... | 1990 | 2168160 |
| anti-viral immunity induced by recombinant nucleoprotein of influenza a virus. iii. delivery of recombinant nucleoprotein to the immune system using attenuated salmonella typhimurium as a live carrier. | a plasmid encoding the influenza nucleoprotein gene from a/nt/60/68 virus was transduced into the attenuated salmonella typhimurium aroa- strain sl3261. the bacterial vector expressing the viral gene product was able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the nucleoprotein antigen. cd4+ virus-specific t cells capable of proliferation were readily induced and, in some circumstances, class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-restricted cytotoxicity was detected. however ... | 1990 | 2168340 |
| rapid detection of herpes simplex virus in clinical samples by flow cytometry after amplification in tissue culture. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2, respectively) nuclear antigens were used to identify cells infected with hsv-1 or -2 by indirect immunofluorescence in conjunction with flow cytometry after virus amplification of mrc-5 cell monolayers. the results indicate that mabs q1, q2, and h-640 detect hsv-1- and hsv-2-infected cells, mab sd-1 detects hsv-2- but not hsv-1-infected cells, and mab 58-s detects hsv-1- but not hsv-2-infected cells. mab ... | 1990 | 2168440 |
| modulation of experimentally induced epilepsy by intracerebral grafts of fetal gabaergic neurons. | systemic administration of pilocarpine to rats induces seizures that resemble complex partial epilepsy in humans. susceptibility to these seizures is increased by lesion of the gabaergic striatonigral projection. transplantation of fetal gabaergic neurons, but also of control non-gabaergic tissue, to the deafferent substantia nigra can reduce such lesion-increased seizure susceptibility. these observations are consistent with prior evidence that gabaergic basal ganglia outflow plays an important ... | 1990 | 2168529 |
| molecular mechanisms of glial cell swelling in acidosis. | the mechanism of glial swelling in acidosis were investigated in an in vitro model. c6 glial cells were exposed to ph levels between 7.4 and 6.2. the cell volume response was determined by flow cytometry. cell swelling of 110% to 115% was observed if ph was reduced to 6.8 or below. this effect was independent of the length of exposure to acidosis. swelling induced by ph could be attenuated by (a) inhibition of the na+/h+ antiporter by amiloride, (b) replacement of bicarbonate by hepes, and (c) i ... | 1990 | 2168665 |
| antiinflammatory properties of the new antirheumatic agent 4-acetylaminophenylacetic acid. | the antiinflammatory activity of 4-acetylaminophenylacetic acid (ms-932) was investigated. ms-932 did not suppress the acute inflammation of carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats or of primary swelling in adjuvant arthritic rats. however, prophylactic treatment with ms-932 inhibited secondary inflammation in adjuvant arthritic rats. ms-932 also restored to normal the weight of the spleen and the serum albumin/globulin ratio of adjuvant arthritic rats. in addition to its prophylactic effect, ms-9 ... | 1990 | 2168705 |
| photoprotective effect of superoxide-scavenging antioxidants against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. | albino hairless mice (skh:hr-1) exposed chronically to suberythemal doses of ultraviolet radiation develop visible skin changes, histological alterations, and tumors. topical treatment of mice with solutions of superoxide-scavenging antioxidants (such as alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, propyl gallate and trolox) prior to each uvb radiation exposure reduced significantly the severity of these events. tocopherol esters and ascorbyl palmitate were not as effective as the parent compounds in provid ... | 1990 | 2169296 |
| inactivation of beta-lactamase from shigella flexneri ucsf-129 by 6-beta-iodopenicillanic acid: classification of the enzyme. | the beta-lactamase from shigella flexneri ucsf-129 was irreversible inactivated by 6-beta-iodopenicillanic acid. only one serine residue was modified, according to the spectra change and the amino acid analyses. a ph variation of 0.3 units was found when the chemically modified enzyme was submitted to isoelectric focusing. the inactivation constant of the fast time course reaction was 0.1 seg-1. protection of 96% was obtained, using cephradine 2,830 times more concentrated than 6-beta-iodopenici ... | 1990 | 2170824 |
| prevalence of human papillomaviruses in cervical scrapings of unselected women. | 1990 | 2171941 | |
| a nonvirulent mutant of listeria monocytogenes does not move intracellularly but still induces polymerization of actin. | listeria monocytogenes has the capacity to penetrate and multiply within professional and nonprofessional phagocytic cells, such as the caco-2 human enterocytelike cell line. it was shown recently that shortly after listeriae have been phagocytosed, the phagosomal membrane is dissolved, probably by the action of the bacterial cytolysin listeriolysin o. the listeriae, which are then lying obviously free in the cytoplasm, become surrounded by a coat of actin filaments within a few hours. once form ... | 1990 | 2172164 |
| expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on inflammatory peripheral nerve lesions. | the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens by cells of the rat peripheral nervous system (pns) was studied using a model of peripheral nerve transplantation. monoclonal antibodies to polymorphic determinants of mhc class i and class ii (ia) molecules were used to determine donor or recipient origin of mhc antigen-bearing cells in nerve allografts. the expression of class i and class ii antigens by pns parenchymal cells was modified during varying alloimmune conditions. bas ... | 1990 | 2172305 |
| biphasic effects of polarizing current on adenosine-sensitive generation of cyclic amp in rat cerebral cortex. | cyclic amp accumulation elicited by adenosine was investigated in cortical slices of rats following the application of a weak anodal direct current (anodal polarization) to the unilateral sensorimotor cortex. anodal polarization with 3.0 microa for 30 min caused an increase in the adenosine-elicited accumulation of cyclic amp in the polarized cortex, in which case the increase in the polarized cortical region was highlighted by repeated applications of the currents. polarization with 0.3 microa ... | 1990 | 2173816 |
| human pancreatic islet cell specific 38 kilodalton autoantigen identified by cytomegalovirus-induced monoclonal islet cell autoantibody. | our previous finding that about 15% of newly diagnosed patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus had human cytomegalovirus genome in their lymphocytes and islet cell autoantibodies in their sera, suggests that autoimmune type 1 diabetes is associated with persistent cytomegalovirus infection under certain circumstances. this investigation was initiated to see if cytomegalovirus can induce islet cell autoantibodies and if the autoantibodies react with any specific islet protein(s ... | 1990 | 2174808 |
| sequencing and enhanced expression of the gene encoding diadenosine 5',5'''-p1, p4-tetraphosphate (ap4a) phosphorylase in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the gene, dtp, coding for diadenosine 5',5'''-p1, p4-tetraphosphate (ap4a) phosphorylase was isolated from a saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic dna library in lambda gt11. in yeast and escherichia coli transformed with the multicopy vector, yep352, containing the cloned dtp gene, the ap4a phosphorylase was produced at levels nine- to 17-fold higher than in untransformed hosts. the nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined. the gene codes for a polypeptide chain of 321 amino acids (aa). two-aa sequen ... | 1990 | 2174812 |
| depletion of brain alpha-msh alters prostaglandin and interleukin fever in rats. | alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-msh), a putative endogenous antipyretic agent, is synthesized largely within neurons in the arcuate nucleus. to test the hypothesis that destruction of this area would increase the febrile response, male wistar rats, treated as neonates with intraperitoneal injections of monosodium glutamate (msg) or saline, were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of prostaglandin e1 (20 ng; 200 ng) or purified interleukin-1 (20 u) and body temperature w ... | 1990 | 2175244 |
| live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains with two attenuating markers. i. construction of vaccine candidate strains with retained invasiveness but reduced intracellular multiplication. | live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei phase i vaccine candidate strains with two virulence-reducing markers were constructed through stepwise incorporation of weakly attenuating purine auxotrophy with subsequent rifampicin-resistance (rna polymerase) mutation to yield optimal attenuation. these vaccine candidate strains showed an unaltered plasmid profile; did not cause keratoconjunctivitis in the sereny test, while being excreted for a short but still marked period and providing partial ... | 1990 | 2180230 |
| live shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains with two attenuating markers. ii. preliminary results of vaccination of adult volunteers and children aged 2-17 years. | shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei i vaccine candidate strains were tested for tolerance in 14 adults as well as for tolerance and immunogenicity in children aged 2-17 years. for fresh culture material, the limit for side effects fading within 36 h such as meteorism, loose stools, tenesmus and slight temperature, and tolerated by volunteers was 3 x 10(9) colony-forming units (c.f.u.). excretion of vaccine strain germs for 2-3 days was observed only at doses of 10(10) c.f.u. and greater (2- ... | 1990 | 2180231 |
| nucleotide sequence of invasion plasmid antigen gene ipaa from shigella flexneri 5. | 1990 | 2183200 | |
| dna supercoiling and environmental regulation of virulence gene expression in shigella flexneri. | bacterial pathogens undergo profound physiological changes when they infect their hosts, requiring coordinated regulation of gene expression in response to the stresses encountered during infection. a number of environmental stresses (such as osmotic shock and anaerobiosis) have been shown to induce changes in dna supercoiling that can directly affect the transcription of a specific subset of bacterial genes, at least some of which (the outer-membrane porins and type 1 fimbriae) play a part in b ... | 1990 | 2184366 |
| a common mechanism of transcriptional activation by the three positive regulators, virg, phob, and ompr. | virg, phob, and ompr are positive regulators of the virulence, phosphate, and osmolarity regulons, respectively. their target genes are attended with one or more significant blocks of similar 6-bp sequences in their regulatory regions. the distance between the block(s) and transcriptional start site varies with the target genes, but the blocks are located in a similar manner phase-specific to the promoter sequences. on the basis of these facts, we offer a novel model of transcriptional activatio ... | 1990 | 2185030 |
| influence of pulsatile perfusion upon renin release from the isolated perfused rat kidney. | it is well established that renin release from the juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells in the media of the afferent arteriole strongly depends on the mean renal perfusion pressure, whereas a possible influence of the pulsation of blood pressure on renin release has only occasionally been investigated, and the results are contradictory. such an influence on renin release cannot be excluded because pulsation is known to modulate arterial baroreceptors and vascular tone in some resistance vessels. in ... | 1990 | 2186359 |
| protection of adult rabbits and monkeys from lethal shigellosis by oral immunization with a thymine-requiring and temperature-sensitive mutant of shigella flexneri y. | as an approach to the development of attenuated strains, thymine-requiring (thy-) and temperature-sensitive (ts-) single and double mutants of shigella flexneri y have been isolated by u.v. mutagenesis and selection. the mutants retained the 140 mda plasmid, were sereny-negative and avirulent in 'conditioned' rabbits and in monkeys. rabbits and monkeys immunized orally with two doses of the mutants were solidly protected against disease and lethality when challenged with the homologous virulent ... | 1990 | 2186582 |
| demonstration of cross-reactivity between bacterial antigens and class i human leukocyte antigens by using monoclonal antibodies to shigella flexneri. | bacterial envelope proteins which share immunodeterminants with the human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i histocompatibility antigen hla-b27 may invoke spondyloarthritic disease through the process of molecular mimicry in patients expressing this phenotype. monoclonal antibodies generated by the immunization of balb/c mice with envelope proteins of shigella flexneri type 2a were tested for reactivity against cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines of defined hla phenotype. as measured by flow microfl ... | 1990 | 2187807 |
| [membrane component of shigella flexneri and their relationship to bacteria antigenicity and virulence]. | our previous works have shown that membrane proteins of s. flexneri can elicit protection against the bacteria in vivo. in this study, we further, using human convalescent sera (hcs) from adult patients infected with s. flexneri, investigated the relationship between membrane components of s. flexneri and their antigenicities and virulences. it was shown in immunoblotting that 5 virulent strains of s. flexneri and avirulent strain t32 derived from s. flexneri 2a by istrati in romania and used as ... | 1990 | 2188429 |
| increase of trimethoprim resistance among shigella species, 1975-1988: analysis of resistance mechanisms. | trimethoprim (tmp) resistance among shigella species isolated from finnish travelers increased from 3.0% in 1975-1982 to 42.0%-43.8% in 1987-1988. of the 317 tmp-resistant shigella isolates identified during 1975-1988, 175 (55%) collected in 1985-1987 and in 1988 were tested further. almost all (98%) were highly resistant to tmp, suggesting a plasmid-mediated origin. the type i dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene was detected in 85% of the isolates studied. twenty-three percent of the type i dhf ... | 1990 | 2189006 |
| detection of shigella in feces using dna amplification. | a rapid diagnostic method employing a polymerase chain reaction procedure (pcr) was used to identify shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. this procedure amplified a region of the invasive-associated locus (ial) from a crude dna extract of feces. a synthetic 21-base oligonucleotide corresponding to the ial gene sequence was shown to specifically hybridize only with enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) strains and shigella species. upon pcr amplification, a 320-base pair fragment was generated i ... | 1990 | 2189008 |
| synthesis and 2d-n.m.r. analysis of a pentasaccharide glycoside of the biological repeating units of shigella flexneri variant y polysaccharide and the preparation of a synthetic antigen. | 1990 | 2189552 | |
| differential protein expression by shigella flexneri in intracellular and extracellular environments. | shigellae were intrinsically radiolabeled with [35s]methionine either extracellularly or while multiplying within infected hela cell monolayers. a complex pattern of suppression and induction of proteins was observed. proteins of approximately 97, 62, 58, 50, 25, and 18 kilodaltons (kda) were induced in shigella flexneri isolated from infected monolayers. proteins of 100, 85, 70, 64, and 55 kda were suppressed under the same conditions but were seen in cells labeled in the tissue culture medium ... | 1990 | 2190215 |
| [antibiotic resistance of strains of shigella dysenteriae and flexneri isolated in tananarive and on the east coast of madagascar]. | from november 1988 to march 1989, stools from 804 malagasy children were examined, thirty-seven strains of shigella were isolated, from which 5 s. dysenteriae serotype 1 (= shiga bacillus) strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphonamide and even to trimethoprim. resistance to trimethoprim has appeared only recently in madagascar. | 1990 | 2190702 |
| nutrition: prospects for the 1990s. | for many decades there has been adequate information for the elimination of acute dietary deficiency diseases. scurvy, beri-beri, and pellagra, once serious scourges, are now seen only rarely. the severe forms of protein-energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor and marasmus, have also decreased greatly. nonetheless, mild to moderate forms of protein-energy deficiency, exacerbated by infection, continue to impair growth and development in a majority of the low-income pre-school age populations of most de ... | 1990 | 2191671 |
| the pathology of shigella flexneri infection in rhesus monkeys: an endoscopic and histopathological study of colonic lesions. | twenty-two rhesus monkeys were orally fed 1 x 10(11) live virulent shigella flexneri of either serotypes 1b, 2a, 4a or y. on the basis of colonoscopic findings they were classified into: group a - normal endoscopic picture (10 monkeys), and group b - pathological endoscopic picture (12 monkeys). pathological findings, distributed over the entire colon, were seen as either red patches (+/- erosions) or diffuse lesions, i.e. fragile red mucosa, mucosal bleeding and broad edemas. histopathological ... | 1990 | 2191692 |
| [clinical significance of anti-hyaluronidase antibody]. | 1990 | 2192169 | |
| [inhibition of enteropathogens by clostridium butyricum miyairi 588]. | the inhibitory effect of clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 against various enteropathogens was investigated in mixed cultures. it was observed that c. butyricum m588 inhibited the growth of vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, aeromonas hydrophila, and shigella flexneri. considering that the interaction between c. butyricum and shigella is especially important because of their proliferation site in the lower intestine, further examinations were carried out on shigella in particular. results w ... | 1990 | 2193065 |
| effect of verapamil on insulin-stimulated choleresis. | insulin is one of several neurohumoral substances known to have a choleretic effect in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver. infusion of insulin in the perfused rat liver preparation results in stimulation of bile acid-independent bile flow evidenced by increased bile flow, decreased bile acid concentration, and stable bile acid output. the mechanism of insulin-stimulated choleresis is unknown but may involve calcium as an intracellular second messenger. the present studies were performed ... | 1990 | 2193196 |
| calpain and calpastatin activity in the optic pathway. | the levels of the neutral proteolytic enzymes calpains and their endogenous inhibitor calpastatin were determined in the retina and in the retrobulbar optic pathway in the albino rabbit. the highest level of calpains was observed in the optic nerve with decreasing levels in the optic tract and superior colliculus. the level of calpastatin in the retina was very low compared to that in the optic nerve and tract and other parts of the nervous system. | 1990 | 2193255 |
| direct effect of parathyroid hormone on insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. | indirect evidence indicates that parathyroid hormone (pth) interacts with pancreatic islets and modulates their insulin secretion. this property of pth has been implicated in the genesis of impaired insulin release in chronic renal failure. we examined the direct effect of pth-(1-84) and pth-(1-34) on insulin release using in vitro static incubation and dynamic perifusion of pancreatic islets from normal rats. both moieties of the hormone stimulated in a dose-dependent manner glucose-induced ins ... | 1990 | 2193536 |
| partitioning of nucleoids. | 1990 | 2194249 | |
| serum and tissue cage fluid concentrations of ciprofloxacin after oral administration of the drug to healthy dogs. | ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was administered orally to 4 healthy dogs at dosage of approximately 11 and 23 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4-week interval between dosing regimens. serum and tissue cage fluid (tcf) concentrations of ciprofloxacin were measured after the first and seventh dose of each dosing regimen. the peak concentration was greatest in the serum after multiple doses of 23 mg/kg (mean +/- sem; 5.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml) and lea ... | 1990 | 2195927 |
| inactivation of legionella pneumophila by monochloramine. | chloramination which is used in south australia to control the growth of naegleria fowleri, was investigated to see if it would also control that of legionella pneumophila. it was found that l. pneumophila was more sensitive than escherichia coli to monochloramine. at 1.0 mg/l, a 99% kill of l. pneumophila was achieved in 15 min compared with 37 min for a 99% kill of e. coli. combined with the stability of monochloramine, even at elevated temperatures, the results suggest that this disinfectant ... | 1990 | 2196255 |
| aluminum, a neurotoxin which affects diverse metabolic reactions. | experimental evidence is summarized to support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to low levels of aluminum may lead to neurological disorders. these disorders result from defective phosphorylation--dephosphorylation reactions, reduced glucose utilization and site-specific damage inflicted by free radicals produced by altered iron metabolism. the brain is a highly compartmentalized organ. therefore, a co-localization of critical mass of metabolic errors rather than a single event may be essent ... | 1990 | 2198876 |
| [complexes of phorbol tumor promoters with protein kinase c]. | based on the literature data, a systematic comparison of relationships between the structures of incomplete and complete phorbol tumor promoters, diacylglycerols and their activities in various biological test-systems was carried out. the specific features of the phorbol esters-protein kinase c complexes responsible for the induction of the first and second stages of the tumor promotion in mouse skin, were established. the type of diacylglycerol binding to protein kinase c which confers to the l ... | 1990 | 2198948 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of invasive shigella flexneri in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify a 760-base-pair (bp) fragment with the 220-kbp invasive plasmids of enteroinvasive escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei as templates. this pcr product was easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. a 210-bp acci-psti fragment lying within the amplified region was used as a probe in southern hybridization blots and showed that the pcr-generated product was derived from the invas ... | 1990 | 2200336 |
| epidemiology of shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh: a 10-year survey. | the epidemiological data on shigellosis in teknaf, a coastal area of bangladesh, were reviewed for a 10-year period (1975-84). certain similarities and differences were observed in the epidemiology of the disease in teknaf when compared with urban dhaka and rural matlab. similarities included: round-the-year infection with two peaks, one in the monsoon period and the other in the winter period; high male to female attendance ratio at the treatment centre; the predominance of infection in the und ... | 1990 | 2200700 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infection in central australia. | shigellosis is endemic in central australia and the infections are predominantly due to shigella flexneri 6, shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei. plasmid profiles of isolates collected from 1985-9, suggested that infections caused by shigella flexneri 6 were predominantly due to a single clone, whereas those caused by shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei were due to several genetically diverse strains, although strains with identical plasmid profiles were found in widely separated geogr ... | 1990 | 2200701 |
| plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella isolates from nigeria. | in an epidemiological survey, plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 100 shigella isolates in lagos, nigeria was done. all the isolates were sensitive to nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. the commonest antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was resistance to ampicillin, colistin sulphate, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. all but 4 of 100 isolates screened contained one or more plasmids. plasmid profile analysis distinguished more strains than did ... | 1990 | 2200702 |
| [the formulation of epidemiological hypotheses by using the methods of multivariate statistical analysis]. | the work demonstrates the main approaches to the use of the methods of multidimensional analysis for the creation of a hypothesis on the mechanism of the epidemiological process of dysentery in organized groups. the main risk factors have been established, and their role in the formation of annual, all-the-year-round and seasonal dysentery morbidity has been quantitatively evaluated. the results of analysis show the existence of diverse variants of the alimentary route of the transmission of inf ... | 1990 | 2201148 |
| [morphological changes caused by the dermonecrosis factor of the causative agents of cholera and various other intestinal infections]. | intra- or subepithelial focal purulent inflammation with necrosis of exudating leucocytes during 1-2 days is developed in consequence of intradermal injection of the living cholera vibrios, cultured on membrane agar, or their supernatants. sometimes coagulative necrosis of cover epithelium arises without preliminary purulent inflammation stage from the very beginning. intradermal injection of living cholera vibrios leads to the development of coagulative necrotic foci in derma too. the vascular ... | 1990 | 2201411 |
| childhood shigellosis: clinical and bacteriological study. | ninety-three children with shigellosis were hospitalized in a regional hospital in kuwait during the year 1988. s. flexneri was the most common isolate (54%) followed by s. sonnei (39%) and s. boydii (7%). in addition to the gastrointestinal manifestations, 14 patients (15%) developed generalized convulsions. the benign and self-limiting nature of the convulsions associated with shigellosis means that neither diagnostic procedure nor drug therapy are usually necessary. the disease was self-limit ... | 1990 | 2202839 |
| positive immunostaining of ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy with antibody against n- and c-terminal dystrophin. | 1990 | 2203334 | |
| mutational analysis of the virg protein, a transcriptional activator of agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes. | the virg protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens is required in conjunction with the vira protein for transcriptional activation of the virulence (vir) genes in response to plant phenolic compounds. these proteins are members of a family of two component regulatory systems. vir genes are activated via a cascade of phosphorylation reactions involving a specific aspartic acid residue of the virg protein. we have conducted a mutational analysis of the virg protein. by mutating conserved and nonconserv ... | 1990 | 2211523 |
| free amino acid turnover in methanogens measured by 15n nmr spectroscopy. | turnover of the nitrogen moiety from free amino acid pools in two thermophilic methanogens, methanobacterium thermautotrophicum delta h and methanococcus thermolithotrophicus sn1, has been monitored with 15n nmr spectroscopy. in cells growing exponentially on 15nh4cl, glutamate was the major soluble 15n-labeled species in both organisms. when the mb. thermoautotrophicum cells were harvested, washed, and resuspended into medium containing 14nh4cl, the resonance for [15n]glutamate decreased with a ... | 1990 | 2211697 |
| effects of thrombospondin antibody on the recovery of endothelial cells from hyperthermia. | in addition to the increased synthesis of the classical heat-shock proteins (28,000, 71,000, 73,000, 90,000 and 100,000 mr polypeptides) there is also an increase of thrombospondin in the growth medium of endothelial cells exposed to hyperthermia. the effect of a monoclonal antibody to thrombospondin on the recovery of endothelial cells from hyperthermia as it relates to cytoskeletal organization and cell spreading was assessed. the antibody interacts with the heparin-binding domain of thrombosp ... | 1990 | 2211867 |
| determination of dexamethasone in bovine tissues by coupled-column normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a new method for the determination of dexamethasone in bovine liver and muscle tissues has been developed. crude tissue extracts were obtained by means of a three-phase liquid-liquid extraction scheme. the resulting residue was subjected to coupled-column normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography which served to isolate the drug for the purpose of screening and quantification. sample was injected onto the first column of the system, a phenyl column, from which a heart-cut was diverted ... | 1990 | 2211922 |
| autoantibodies to the hla-b27 sequence cross-react with the hypothetical peptide from the arthritis-associated shigella plasmid. | we previously reported elevated serum antibody levels to a peptide representing the hla-b27 polymorphic region (b27 peptide) in hla-b27(+) ankylosing spondylitis (as) patients. a plasmid (phs-2) isolated from arthritogenic shigella flexneri strains had been shown to encode an amino acid sequence homologous to hla-b27. rabbit antibody to this sequence (phs-2 peptide) strongly cross-reacted with b27 peptide and, to a much lesser extent, with klebsiella nitrogenase peptide. serum antibody levels to ... | 1990 | 2212008 |
| echocardiographic definition of the left ventricular centroid. ii. determination of the optimal centroid during systole in normal and infarcted hearts. | although two-dimensional echocardiography is widely used in both clinical and experimental evaluations of regional cardiac wall motion, there is no established clinical method for quantitative analysis of the wall motion, not even for the normal radial motion observed in short-axis images. measurement of radial wall motion requires determination of a centroid from which the radii emanate. depending on its definition, the centroid is variously affected throughout systole by cardiac translation, r ... | 1990 | 2212382 |
| the role of chemosensitive muscle receptors in cardiorespiratory regulation during exercise. | several possible mechanisms leading to the cardiorespiratory adjustments to muscular exercise can be considered. activation of the cardiovascular and respiratory centers may result from: (1) direct or reflex action of circulating metabolites (humoral control); (2) cortical influxes (central drive); (3) nervous impulses from receptors in the contracting muscles (peripheral drive). information presently available focuses most of the interest upon the muscular drive. our studies on anesthetized ani ... | 1990 | 2212481 |
| protective effect of pgd2 against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. | the protective effect of prostaglandin d2 (pgd2) in ethanol-, hcl-, or nacl-induced gastric mucosal injury was investigated. to clarify the mechanism, the gastric mucosal hemodynamics were also investigated using reflectance spectrophotometry and laser doppler flowmetry in anesthetized rats. pgd2 administered orally significantly reduced the ethanol-induced mucosal injury. although it did not reach any significance, pgd2 also reduced 0.6 n hcl-induced mucosal damage, and slightly reduced 25% nac ... | 1990 | 2212542 |
| anion-coupled na efflux mediated by the human red blood cell na/k pump. | the red cell na/k pump is known to continue to extrude na when both na and k are removed from the external medium. because this ouabain-sensitive flux occurs in the absence of an exchangeable cation, it is referred to as uncoupled na efflux. this flux is also known to be inhibited by 5 mm nao but to a lesser extent than that inhibitable by ouabain. uncoupled na efflux via the na/k pump therefore can be divided into a nao-sensitive and nao-insensitive component. we used dids-treated, so4-equilibr ... | 1990 | 2212979 |
| [studies on resistant mechanisms in the resistant bacteria to chlorhexidine. ii. chemical components of the cell membrane and the electron microscopical observation of cell surface structure of chlorhexidine-resistant bacteria]. | the mechanisms of resistance of serratia marcescens and pseudomonas cepacia to chlorhexidine were studied. leakage of the cellular component such as protein was observed in a chlorhexidine sensitive strain (s1) of s. marcescens when s1 was treated with chlorhexidine at 40 micrograms/ml concentration, while this phenomenon was not observed in a resistant strain (r1). the following observations were made concerning about cell surface structure in the chlorhexidine sensitive and resistant strains o ... | 1990 | 2213528 |
| new animal breeding techniques and their application. | the new biotechnologies of gene transfer, in-vitro production, cloning and sexing of embryos have been developed and are being refined with efficiencies suitable for use in animal agriculture. efficient in-vitro systems for maturing oocytes and capacitating spermatozoa, for fertilizing and developing the embryos have resulted in commercial in-vitro production of embryos. cloning of embryos by nuclear transfer has been accomplished for sheep, cattle, pigs and rabbits with nuclear material supplie ... | 1990 | 2213713 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. | gastrointestinal disorders are important causes of morbidity in developing countries. natural healing is the traditional way of treating these diseases in guatemala. ethnobotanical surveys and literature reviews showed that 385 plants from 95 families are used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. the activity of 84 of the most commonly used plants was screened in vitro against five enterobacteria pathogenic to man (enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2214824 |
| a pure class ii mhc disparity does not induce rejection of cornea or heart grafts in the rat. | 1990 | 2219343 | |
| [the article by iu. p. solodovnikov the etiological structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr]. | 1990 | 2220214 | |
| the continuous decrease in the number of sspe annual cases ten years after compulsory anti-measles immunization. | the record of sspe cases diagnosed immunochemically and serologically in our laboratory, standing for about 60% of the total new cases reported in our country, shows a significant decrease in the incidence in 1988-89 (from 5.21 new cases per year per million total population in 1987 to 1.82 cases in 1988). in 85% of the patients, sspe onset occurred at the age of 10 years or more, suggesting the possibility of a primary measles infection before anti-measles immunization became compulsory. high s ... | 1990 | 2223653 |
| the continuous decrease in the number of sspe annual cases ten years after compulsory anti-measles immunization. | the record of sspe cases diagnosed immunochemically and serologically in our laboratory, standing for about 60% of the total new cases reported in our country, shows a significant decrease in the incidence in 1988-89 (from 5.21 new cases per year per million total population in 1987 to 1.82 cases in 1988). in 85% of the patients, sspe onset occurred at the age of 10 years or more, suggesting the possibility of a primary measles infection before anti-measles immunization became compulsory. high s ... | 1990 | 2223653 |
| [detection of protease specifically splitting actin in revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms]. | proteolytic activity of cell extracts from revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms as well as biochemical properties of these strains and their sensitivity to antibiotics were studied. the protease found earlier in cells of strain e. coli a2 was shown to be synthesized by one of 8 revertants under study. this protease split actin and did not split some other proteins, its activity was inhibited by inhibitors of metalloproteases. strain 5a2c which produced the protease was similar to the strain e ... | 1990 | 2224099 |
| [cloning of shigella flexneri 2a genes coding for restriction- modification system sfl2ai]. | the sfl2ai system of restriction-modification (rm) was revealed in the cells of shigella flexneri encoded by pkmr114 plasmid belonging to the incn incompatibility group. the genes for sfl2ai rm system were cloned. the system was ascribed to the enzymes of the ecorii specificity, as shown by in vivo and in vitro experiments. restriction analysis of these genes' region and antigenic properties of the sfl2ai endonuclease pointed to significant differences between this and ecorii rm systems. | 1990 | 2227395 |
| primary structure and anticandidal activity of the major histatin from parotid secretion of the subhuman primate, macaca fascicularis. | a major macaque histatin (m-histatin 1) from the parotid secretion of the subhuman primate, macaca fascicularis, was isolated by gel filtration on bio-gel p-2 and purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a tsk-ods c18 column. the complete amino acid sequence of m-histatin 1, determined by automated edman degradation, is: (formula; see text) m-histatin 1 contains 38 amino acid residues, a phosphoserine at residue 2, has a molecular weight of 4881.8, a ca ... | 1990 | 2229609 |
| segmental vascular resistance in postobstructive pulmonary vasculopathy. | chronic unilateral pulmonary arterial ligation has been touted as a model of arteriopathy resulting in a tremendous increase in anastomotic bronchial flow (qbr) via collaterals. to investigate its effects on the pulmonary vasculature, we ligated the left main pulmonary artery of seven dogs and 120 days later pump perfused their left lower lobes (lll) via a cannula in the pulmonary artery at pulmonary arterial flow (qpa) of 250 ml/min. we measured qbr (330 ml/min) and compared lll with control co ... | 1990 | 2246149 |
| the endocrinology of parturition in the human. | current evidence suggests that oestrogens, progesterone, relaxin, the prostaglandins, and oxytocin are all hormones concerned to a major degree with the onset and maintenance of parturition. oestrogens, relaxin, and the prostaglandins are particularly involved with cervical ripening, while prostaglandins, progesterone and oxytocin are more involved in regulating myometrial contractility. catecholamines may also have some regulatory function in relation to uterine contractions. progesterone domin ... | 1990 | 2248599 |
| mandatory hiv testing in critical care/emergency patients. | testing for the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) remains one of the most controversial issues of this decade. among persons diagnosed to be hiv positive, social ostracism and exaggerated atypical behavior are common. the resulting impact on the delivery of healthcare services to the seropositive patient has raised many ethical and professional dilemmas. discussion of hiv testing and the subsequent effects of seropositivity on the delivery of healthcare will be emphasized. | 1990 | 2249461 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1988]. | 1990 | 2251385 | |
| [a new serotype of shigella boydii]. | two strains which belong to the same serotype of shigella were isolated from the bloody-pus stool of two patients (in 1986) and is reported in this paper. the results were identical both showing agglutination in low titer with serotype 8 of s. dysenteriae and serotype 4 of s. boydii when the two strains were checked well with all kinds of diagnostic antisera and vice versa, ie the antisera produced by the two strains were also checked well with sera prepared with the representative strains of al ... | 1990 | 2251827 |
| morphine attenuation of a conditioned emotional response in post-dependent rats. | rats placed in a test chamber where they had received repetitive shocks the previous day significantly reduced their motor activity; this was taken as indicator of a conditioned emotional response. morphine attenuated this conditioned suppression of motility, possibly due to a reduction of the anxiety associated with the expectation of the noxious stimuli. previous morphine dependence (20 mg/kg daily for 26 days) did not modify the effect of the opioid on the conditioned suppression of motility. ... | 1990 | 2253691 |
| lymphoid dendritic accessory cells of the rat. | the expression of mhc class ii antigens on potential apc is a crucial step in t-lymphocyte activation and the initiation of an immune response. the studies which are presented here were initiated to characterize the critical apc present in physiologically normal, untreated rats. such a cell should constitutively express these antigens at high density and therefore provide the apparatus necessary to provoke both primary and secondary immune responses at any time. dac were found to fulfill these c ... | 1990 | 2258188 |
| interferons and collagen production. | the immunoregulatory, antiviral, and antiproliferative agents known as the interferons have profound effects on collagen synthesis. interferons alpha, beta, and gamma suppress collagen synthesis by dermal fibroblasts. in addition, interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) inhibits the constitutively increased collagen synthesis characteristic of fibroblasts derived from lesions of patients with scleroderma. ifn-gamma also inhibits collagen synthesis by myofibroblasts and synovial fibroblast-like cells. inhib ... | 1990 | 2258640 |
| [bacteriology and epidemiology of shigellas isolated at the army hospital in djibouti]. | in a space of 26 months 108 shigellas were isolated from 104 patients with sporadic and benign diseases. 90% of the subjects were young french. both s. dysenteriae and s. boydii make up 21% of the strains studied. 13% of the germs are multiresistance. multiresistance can enhance development of serious sickness if a virulent strain comes in. | 1990 | 2263188 |
| control of choroidal blood flow by the nucleus of edinger-westphal in pigeons: a laser doppler study. | anatomical studies in birds have suggested that choroidal blood flow may be regulated by a circuit involving the following serially-connected components: the retina-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn)-the medial subdivision of the nucleus of edinger-westphal (mew)-the ciliary ganglion-the choroidal blood vessels. in order to better clarify the role of this circuit, we examined the effects of electrical stimulation of ew on choroidal blood flow in the ipsilateral eye, using laser doppler velocimetr ... | 1990 | 2265988 |
| construction of an auxotrophic shigella flexneri strain for use as a live vaccine. | a virulent shigella flexneri serotype y strain, sfl1, was made auxotrophic for aromatic metabolites, including p-aminobenzoic acid, which is not available in mammalian tissues, by transduction of a tn10-inactivated arod gene from escherichia coli k-12 nk5131. one transductant, sfl114, selected for further studies, had the same biochemical and serological characteristics as the parent strain and the o-antigen patterns of the two strains were identical in sds-page and western blot experiments. sfl ... | 1990 | 2266855 |
| the preferential uptake of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester by rat liver in vivo. | the removal from the blood and the uptake by the liver of injected very-low-density lipoprotein (vldl) preparations that had been radiolabelled in their apoprotein and cholesteryl ester moieties was studied in lactating rats. radiolabelled cholesteryl ester was removed from the blood and taken up by the liver more rapidly than sucrose-radiolabelled apoprotein. near-maximum cholesteryl ester uptake by the liver occurred within 5 min of the injection of the vldl. at this time, apoprotein b uptake ... | 1990 | 2268298 |
| definition of the transcription initiation site of human plasminogen gene in liver and non hepatic cell lines. | we have mapped the cap site of the human plasminogen mrna by primer extension and pcr techniques and found that it is located at position -161 relative to the first atg, 97 bases upstream to the 5' end of the previously isolated cdna clone. seven human hepatic and non hepatic cell lines and fresh liver cells were tested for human plasminogen mrna expression: the liver and the liver derived hepg2 cell line represent the major site of plasminogen rna synthesis while the other cell lines (hep3b, he ... | 1990 | 2268308 |
| use of a spread sheet to calculate the current-density distribution produced in human and rat models by low-frequency electric fields. | the current-density distribution produced inside irregularly shaped, homogeneous human and rat models by low-frequency electric fields is obtained by a two-stage finite-difference procedure. in the first stage the model is assumed to be equipotential. laplace's equation is solved by iteration in the external region to obtain the capacitive-current densities at the model's surface elements. these values then provide the boundary conditions for the second-stage relaxation solution, which yields th ... | 1990 | 2268377 |