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[prevalence of sensitization to allergens in school children with asthma residents from guadalajara metropolitan area].allergic sensitization is dependent on the geographical and climatic conditions in each region; therefore, identify agents most commonly sensitized children with asthma is important for planning prevention measures.201627174756
[clinical profile of sensitization to fungi in medellin, colombia].fungi sensitization correlates with patologies like asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and dermatitis. in general it is associated with other sensitizations. in medellin the multisystemic pattern is associated with fungi sensitization.201627174755
ultrasound- and molecular sieves-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and antifungal evaluation of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)-substituted phenyl)-3-((phenylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thiones.a novel series of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)substituted phenyl)-3-((phenyl amino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione mannich bases 6a-o were synthesized in good yield from the key compound 5-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione by aminomethylation with paraformaldehyde and substituted amines using molecular sieves and sonication as green chemistry tools. the antifungal activity of the new products was evaluated against seven human pathogenic fungal strains, namely, candida albicans atcc 2 ...201627171073
effects of essential oil combinations on pathogenic yeasts and moulds.essential oils (eos) can be used as alternative or complementary antifungal agents against human pathogenic moulds and yeasts. to reduce the effective dose of antimicrobial agents, eos are combined which can lead to synergistic or additive effect. in this study the anti-yeast and anti-mould activities of selected eos were investigated, alone and in combinations, against clinical isolates of candida albicans, c. parapsilosis, aspergillus fumigatus, a. terreus, rhizopus microsporus, fusarium solan ...201627165531
biomedical and catalytic applications of gold and silver-gold alloy nanoparticles biosynthesized using cell-free extract of bacillus safensis lau 13: antifungal, dye degradation, anti-coagulant and thrombolytic activities.this study investigated the green biosynthesis of gold (au) and silver-gold alloy (ag-au) nanoparticles using cell-free extract of bacillus safensis lau 13 strain (genbank accession no: kj461434). the biosynthesized aunps and ag-aunps were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. evaluation of the antifungal activities, degradation of malachite green, anti-coagulation of blood, and thrombolysis of human blood clot by ...201627164598
nanoscale mo- moo3 entrapped in engineering thermoplastic: inorganic pathway to bactericidal and fungicidal action.in our contemporary endeavor, metallic molybdenum (mo) and semiconducting molybdenum trioxide (moo3) nanostructures have been simultaneously generated via solid state reaction between molybdenum (iii) chloride (mocl3) and polyphenylene sulfide (pps) at 285 (°)c in unimolar ratio for different time durations, namely, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h. the resultant nanocomposites (ncs) revealed formation of predominantly metallic mo for all the samples. however, moo3 gradually gained prominent position as seco ...201627164597
expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in a murine model of aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.to observe the presence and expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) during the corneal immunity to aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) in the murine models.201627162718
analysis of peritoneal galactomannan for the diagnosis of aspergillus peritonitis.here, we report a patient developing a postoperative peritoneal infection by aspergillus fumigatus. while galactomannan serum levels were negative throughout the time course, galactomannan levels in peritoneal fluids yielded high results. serological testing of peritoneal fluids for fungal antigens might be a useful and easily applicable tool to support diagnosis of intraabdominal aspergillosis, which represents a rare type of invasive fungal infection.201627160571
cell wall integrity signalling in human pathogenic fungi.fungi are surrounded by a rigid structure, the fungal cell wall. its plasticity and composition depend on active regulation of the underlying biosynthesis and restructuring processes. this involves specialised signalling pathways that control gene expression and activities of biosynthetic enzymes. the cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway is the central signalling cascade required for the adaptation to a wide spectrum of cell wall perturbing conditions, including heat, oxidative stress and antifunga ...201627155139
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis complicating swyer-james-macleod's syndrome: case report and review of literature.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a pulmonary disorder that results from immune responses mounted against antigens of aspergillus fumigatus, resulting in non-specific respiratory symptoms and structural lung damage. classically defined in individuals suffering from bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis, abpa has recently been described in other lung diseases including copd, pulmonary tuberculosis, idiopathic bronchiectasis and others. herein, we report the first case of abpa compl ...201627152607
data-based reconstruction of gene regulatory networks of fungal pathogens.in the emerging field of systems biology of fungal infection, one of the central roles belongs to the modeling of gene regulatory networks (grns). utilizing omics-data, grns can be predicted by mathematical modeling. here, we review current advances of data-based reconstruction of both small-scale and large-scale grns for human pathogenic fungi. the advantage of large-scale genome-wide modeling is the possibility to predict central (hub) genes and thereby indicate potential biomarkers and drug t ...201627148247
application of zno nanoparticles for improving the thermal and ph stability of crude cellulase obtained from aspergillus fumigatus aa001.cellulases are the enzymes which are responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. in this study thermal and ph stability of crude cellulase has been investigated in the presence of zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles. we synthesized zno nanoparticle by sol-gel method and characterized through various techniques including, x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscope, field emission scanning electron microscope and high resolution scanning electron microscope. the crude thermostable ce ...201627148203
detection of aspergillus fumigatus in blood samples from critically ill patients in intensive care units by use of the septifast assay.we retrospectively analyzed the performance and relevance of the septifast assay in detecting aspergillus fumigatus dna in whole blood samples from 38 critically ill intensive care unit (icu) patients with probable or proven invasive aspergillosis (ia) and 100 icu patients without ia. the assay exhibited 66% sensitivity, 98% specificity, a 93% positive predictive value, and an 88% negative predictive value. a. fumigatus dnaemia was associated with poor outcome.201627147727
decreased cell wall galactosaminogalactan in aspergillus nidulans mediates dysregulated inflammation in the chronic granulomatous disease host.invasive aspergillosis is a major threat to patients suffering from impaired neutrophil function, with aspergillus fumigatus being the most common species causing this life-threatening condition. patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) not only develop infections with a. fumigatus, but also exhibit a unique susceptibility to infection with the normally nonpathogenic species aspergillus nidulans. in this study, we compared the inflammatory cytokine response of peripheral blood mononucle ...201627142572
antimicrobial activity of synthesized 2-methylthiobenzo[g][1,2,4]- triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline derivatives.the present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a synthesized 2-methylthio-benzo[g][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]quinazoline series. the compounds (1-21) were tested against a variety of gram-positive bacterial species including bacillus subtilis (rcmb 01001 69-3), enterococcus faecalis (rcmb 0100154-2), staphylococcus aureus (rcmb 0100183-9), staphylococcus epidermidis (rcmb 0100183-9) and streptococcus pyogenes (rcmb 0100172-5). in addition, gram-negative bacteria were als ...201627140181
a non-canonical melanin biosynthesis pathway protects aspergillus terreus conidia from environmental stress.melanins are ubiquitous pigments found in all kingdoms of life. most organisms use them for protection from environmental stress, although some fungi employ melanins as virulence determinants. the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus and related ascomycetes produce dihydroxynaphthalene- (dhn) melanin in their spores, the conidia, and use it to inhibit phagolysosome acidification. however, biosynthetic origin of melanin in a related fungus, aspergillus terreus, has remained a mystery bec ...201627133313
calcineurin inhibitors impair neutrophil activity against aspergillus fumigatus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.neutrophils are key effectors against the widely distributed mold aspergillus fumigatus, which is a major threat for immunocompromised patients, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. yet little is known about neutrophil activity over time after cell transplantation, especially regarding a fumigatus.201627132218
new applications for known drugs: human glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors as modulators of aspergillus fumigatus growth.invasive aspergillosis (ia) is one of the most severe forms of fungi infection. ia disease is mainly due to aspergillus fumigatus, an air-borne opportunistic pathogen. mortality rate caused by ia is still very high (50-95%), because of difficulty in early diagnostics and reduced antifungal treatment options, thus new and efficient drugs are necessary. the aim of this work is, using aspergillus nidulans as non-pathogen model, to develop efficient drugs to treat ia. the recent discovered role of g ...201627131621
biofilm exopolysaccharides of pathogenic fungi: lessons from bacteria.exopolysaccharides play an important structural and functional role in the development and maintenance of microbial biofilms. although the majority of research to date has focused on the exopolysaccharide systems of biofilm-forming bacteria, recent studies have demonstrated that medically relevant fungi such as candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus also form biofilms during infection. these fungal biofilms share many similarities with those of bacteria, including the presence of secreted ex ...201627129222
two-color widefield fluorescence microendoscopy enables multiplexed molecular imaging in the alveolar space of human lung tissue.we demonstrate a fast two-color widefield fluorescence microendoscopy system capable of simultaneously detecting several disease targets in intact human ex vivo lung tissue. we characterize the system for light throughput from the excitation light emitting diodes, fluorescence collection efficiency, and chromatic focal shifts. we demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument by imaging bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa) in ex vivo human lung tissue. we describe a mechanism of bacterial detectio ...201627121475
structures of pathogenic fungal fkbp12s reveal possible self-catalysis function.invasive fungal infections remain difficult to treat and require novel targeting strategies. the 12-kda fk506-binding protein (fkbp12) is a ubiquitously expressed peptidyl-prolyl isomerase with considerable homology between fungal pathogens and is thus a prime candidate for future targeting efforts to generate a panfungal strategy. despite decades of research on fkbps, their substrates and mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we describe structural, biochemical, and in vivo analyses of fkbp ...201627118592
fungal biofilms: update on resistance.over the past decade, the emergence of biofilm-related invasive fungal diseases has been the subject of numerous studies focused on antifungal resistance and its impact on antifungal therapy in severely ill patients. the majority of the studies investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in antifungal resistance and pathogenicity of biofilm production by candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus, the most common etiologic agents of yeast and mold invasive infections. the main mechanism chara ...201627115411
insights from the molecular dynamics simulation of cellobiohydrolase cel6a molecular structural model from aspergillus fumigatus nitdgpka3.global demand for bioethanol is increasing tremendously as it could help to replace the conventional fossil fuel and at the same time supporting the bioremediation of huge volume of cellulosic wastes generated from different sources. ideal genetic engineering approaches are essential to improve the efficacy of the bioethanol production processes for real time applications. a locally isolated fungal strain aspergillus fumigatus nitdgpka3 was used in our laboratory for the hydrolysis of lignocellu ...201627109185
a green ultrasound synthesis, characterization and antibacterial evaluation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles tethering bioactive benzothiazole nucleus.the synthesis of n-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-substituted-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetamides 5a-r via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 2-azido-n-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide derivatives 3a-c and different alkynes were performed in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. the synthesis was carried out using t-buoh/h₂o (1:1, v/v) as reaction solvents and cuso₄·5h₂o/sodium ascorbate as the catalyst. the copper catalyst was implemented to provide the regioselective 1,4-dis ...201627096862
hide, keep quiet, and keep low: properties that make aspergillus fumigatus a successful lung pathogen.representatives of the genus aspergillus are opportunistic fungal pathogens. their conidia can reach the alveoli by inhalation and can give rise to infections in immunocompromised individuals. aspergillus fumigatus is the causal agent of invasive aspergillosis in nearly 90% of the cases. it is not yet well-established what makes this fungus more pathogenic than other aspergilli such as a. niger. here, we show that a. fumigatus and a. niger conidia adhere with similar efficiency to lung epithelia ...201627092115
azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus in denmark: a laboratory-based study on resistance mechanisms and genotypes.azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus originating from the environment as well as induced during therapy are continuously emerging in danish clinical settings. we performed a laboratory-based retrospective study (2010-2014) of azole resistance and genetic relationship of a. fumigatus at the national mycology reference laboratory of denmark. a total of 1162 clinical and 133 environmental a. fumigatus isolates were identified by morphology, thermotolerance and/or β-tubulin sequencing. screening fo ...201627091095
voriconazole-susceptible and voriconazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus coinfection. 201627082535
infection-mediated priming of phagocytes protects against lethal secondary aspergillus fumigatus challenge.phagocytes restrict the germination of aspergillus fumigatus conidia and prevent the establishment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunecompetent mice. here we report that immunecompetent mice recovering from a primary a. fumigatus challenge are protected against a secondary lethal challenge. using ragγc knock-out mice we show that this protection is independent of t, b and nk cells. in protected mice, lung phagocytes are recruited more rapidly and are more efficient in conidial phagocyt ...201627078879
assignment of the cd cotton effect to the chiral center in pseurotins, and the stereochemical revision of pseurotin a₂.pseurotins a₁ (1) and a₂ (2) were isolated from a culture broth of the fungal strain aspergillus fumigatus wfz-25 as stereoisomers of pseurotin a (3) in 2011. we also isolated 1 and 2 together with 3 from a. fumigatus oups-t106b-5 separated from the marine fish mugil cephalus. in this study, we re-examined the stereochemistry of 1 and 2 using chemical transformation and the cd spectra, and found the relationship between the cd cotton effect and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2, which led u ...201627070628
identification and characterization of a novel aspergillus fumigatus rhomboid family putative protease, rbda, involved in hypoxia sensing and virulence.aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic mold infecting humans and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a. fumigatus spores are inhaled into the lungs, undergoing germination and invasive hyphal growth. the fungus occludes and disrupts the blood vessels, leading to hypoxia and eventual tissue necrosis. the ability of this mold to adapt to hypoxia is regulated in part by the sterol regulatory element binding ...201627068092
plant-like biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids in aspergillus fumigatus.natural product discovery efforts have focused primarily on microbial biosynthetic gene clusters (bgcs) containing large multimodular polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases; however, sequencing of fungal genomes has revealed a vast number of bgcs containing smaller nrps-like genes of unknown biosynthetic function. using comparative metabolomics, we show that a bgc in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus named fsq, which contains an nrps-like gene lacking a condensation dom ...201627065235
antifungal susceptibility patterns of a global collection of fungal isolates: results of the sentry antifungal surveillance program (2013).among 1846 fungal clinical isolates from 31 countries, echinocandin resistance in candida spp. ranged from 0.0% to 2.8% (highest for anidulafungin versus candida glabrata), and fluconazole resistance was noted among 11.9% and 11.6% of the c. glabrata and candida tropicalis, respectively. two isolates of aspergillus fumigatus displayed elevated mics for itraconazole and carried cyp51a mutations encoding tr34 l98h. all cryptococcus neoformans had azole mic values below epidemiological cutoff value ...201627061369
flea expression in aspergillus fumigatus is recognized by fucosylated structures on mucins and macrophages to prevent lung infection.the immune mechanisms that recognize inhaled aspergillus fumigatus conidia to promote their elimination from the lungs are incompletely understood. flea is a lectin expressed by aspergillus fumigatus that has twelve binding sites for fucosylated structures that are abundant in the glycan coats of multiple plant and animal proteins. the role of flea is unknown: it could bind fucose in decomposed plant matter to allow aspergillus fumigatus to thrive in soil, or it may be a virulence factor that bi ...201627058347
invasive aspergillosis in a paediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipient owing to a susceptible aspergillus fumigatus: treatment failure with high doses of voriconazole and influence of cyp2c19 polymorphisms. 201627056297
azole susceptibility in clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus fumigatus from eastern hokkaido, japan.azole antifungals are used not only clinically for fungal infections but also used as agricultural fungicides. recently, azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus containing a tandem repeat in the promoter region of cyp51a combined with amino acid substitution(s) appears in the environment in eurasia, especially in several european countries. although azole fungicides have been used in japan, especially in hokkaido, surveillance and characterization of a. fumigatus in hokkaido have not been reported ...201627050399
gliotoxin suppresses macrophage immune function by subverting phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate homeostasis.aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, spreads in the environment by releasing numerous conidia that are capable of reaching the small alveolar airways of mammalian hosts. in otherwise healthy individuals, macrophages are responsible for rapidly phagocytosing and eliminating these conidia, effectively curbing their germination and consequent invasion of pulmonary tissue. however, under some circumstances, the fungus evades phagocyte-mediated immunity and persists in the respira ...201627048806
genome-wide expression profiling reveals s100b as biomarker for invasive aspergillosis.invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a devastating opportunistic infection and its treatment constitutes a considerable burden for the health care system. immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk for ia, which is mainly caused by the species aspergillus fumigatus. an early and reliable diagnosis is required to initiate the appropriate antifungal therapy. however, diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy still needs to be improved, which can be achieved at least partly by the definition of new bi ...201627047454
a new antibacterial lupane ester from the seeds of acokanthera oppositifolia lam.as a part of ongoing investigation of acokanthera oppositifolia (lam.) codd., four compounds were isolated from its seeds, a new compound; lup-20(29)-en-3β-o-(3'-β-hydroxy) palmitate (1), three known compounds; a triterpene; lupeol (2), a cardiac glycoside; acovenoside a (3) and a sterol; β-sitosterol (4). their structures were investigated using 1d & 2d- (1)h and (13)cnmr spectroscopy. antimicrobial potential of the compounds was evaluated against 10 microorganisms responsible for endocarditis. ...201627046822
characterization of thermophilic fungal community associated with pile fermentation of pu-erh tea.this study aimed to characterize the thermophilic fungi in pile-fermentation process of pu-erh tea. physicochemical analyses showed that the high temperature and low ph provided optimal conditions for propagation of fungi. a number of fungi, including blastobotrys adeninivorans, thermomyces lanuginosus, rasamsonia emersonii, aspergillus fumigatus, rhizomucor pusillus, rasamsonia byssochlamydoides, rasamsonia cylindrospora, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus niger, candida tropicalis and fusari ...201627046629
fungal sensitisation in severe asthma is associated with the identification of aspergillus fumigatus in sputum.fungal sensitisation is an important factor in severe asthma, not only for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) but also the more recently described severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (safs). it is not known whether these diseases are driven by the presence of airway fungal colonisation. we aimed to determine if both safs and abpa were associated with airway isolation of aspergillus fumigatus and whether the frequency of isolation changed following anti-fungal treatment.201627043956
the role of autophagy-related proteins in candida albicans infections.autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by providing nutrients during periods of starvation and removing damaged organelles from the cytoplasm. a marker in the autophagic process is the reversible conjugation of lc3, a membrane scaffolding protein, to double membrane autophagosomes. recently, a role for lc3 in the elimination of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including candida albicans (c. albicans), was demonstrated, but these organisms reside in single membrane phagos ...201627043636
rice-field drowning-associated pneumonia in which pseudomonas spp., aspergillus fumigatus, and cunninghamella sp. are isolated.we herein report the case of an 84-year-old who developed pneumonia after drowning in a rice field. besides aspergillus fumigatus, many pathogens previously not reported in drowning-associated pneumonia (such as pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, nocardia niigatensis, and cunninghamella sp.) were isolated from his sputum. he received sulbactam/ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, voriconazole, levofloxacin and liposomal amphotericin b, but died due to respiratory failure. because ...201627041173
structural divergence of the group i intron binding surface in fungal mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetases that function in rna splicing.the mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetases (mttyrrss) of pezizomycotina fungi, a subphylum that includes many pathogenic species, are bifunctional proteins that both charge mitochondrial trna(tyr) and act as splicing cofactors for autocatalytic group i introns. previous studies showed that one of these proteins, neurospora crassa cyt-18, binds group i introns by using both its n-terminal catalytic and c-terminal anticodon binding domains and that the catalytic domain uses a newly evolved group i ...201627036943
a comparative study of the timecourse of the expression of the thermo‑inducible hsp70 gene in clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.the internal environment within animals or humans provides different conditions to invading saprophytic fungal pathogens, requiring the differential regulation of genes in comparison to environmental conditions. understanding the mechanisms by which pathogens regulate genes within the host may be key in determining pathogen behavior within the host and may additionally facilitate further investigation into novel therapeutic agents. the heat shock protein (hsp)70 gene and its associated proteins ...201627035559
from synthetic dna to pcr product: detection of fungal infections using sers.we report the use of silver hydroxylamine nanoparticles functionalised with single stranded monothiolated dna for the detection of fungal infections. the four different species of fungi that were targeted were candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and aspergillus fumigatus. rational design of synthetic targets and probes was carried out by carefully analysing the 2-d folding of the dna and then by global alignment of the sequences to ensure specificity. the effects of varying the co ...201627034997
jak/stat regulation of aspergillus fumigatus corneal infections and il-6/23-stimulated neutrophil, il-17, elastase, and mmp9 activity.il-6 and il-23 (il-6/23) induce il-17a (il-17) production by a subpopulation of murine and human neutrophils, resulting in autocrine il-17 activation, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, and increased fungal killing. as il-6 and il-23 receptors trigger jak1, -3/stat3 and jak2/stat3 phosphorylation, respectively, we examined the role of this pathway in a murine model of fungal keratitis and also examined neutrophil elastase and gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 9) activity by il-6/ ...201627034404
culturable fungi in potting soils and compost.in the present study the spectrum and the incidence of fungi in potting soils and compost was investigated. since soil is one of the most important biotopes for fungi, relatively high concentrations of fungal propagules are to be expected. for detection of fungi, samples of commercial soils, compost and soils from potted plants (both surface and sub-surface) were suspended and plated onto several mycological media. the resulting colonies were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. the resul ...201627354488
microbial biofilms in pulmonary and critical care diseases.microbial biofilms can colonize medical devices and human tissues, and their role in microbial pathogenesis is now well established. not only are biofilms ubiquitous in natural and human-made environments, but they are also estimated to be associated with approximately two-thirds of nosocomial infections. this multicellular aggregated form of microbial growth confers a remarkable resistance to killing by antimicrobials and host defenses, leading biofilms to cause a wide range of subacute or chro ...201627348071
important factors mediates the adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus to alveolar epithelial cells with e-cadherin.aspergillus is widely distributed in the earth's biosphere. it has strong adaptive capacity, and lives as saprophytic or parasitic life. this study aims to investigate the role of e-cadherin for adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus blastospores in a human epithelial cell line (a549) and search the correlated molecule in aspergillus. a. fumigatus blastospores were incubated with the total protein of a549 to investigate the binding of e-cadherin and blastospores followed by an affinity purification p ...201627347350
krüppel-like factor 4 modulates interleukin-6 release in human dendritic cells after in vitro stimulation with aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans.invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates and are mostly caused by the opportunistic fungi aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. immune responses against these fungi are still not fully understood. dendritic cells (dcs) are crucial players in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against fungal infections. the immunomodulatory effects of fungi were compared to the bacterial stimulus lps to determine key players in the immune response to fungal infections ...201627346433
correction for de heer et al., detection of airway colonization by aspergillus fumigatus by use of electronic nose technology in patients with cystic fibrosis. 201627343292
contribution of molecular tools for the diagnosis and epidemiology of fungal chronic rhinosinusitis.chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) rank second at chronic inflammatory diseases in industrialized countries and are an important public health concern. diagnosis relies on a set of arguments including clinical signs, imaging, histopathologic and mycological analyses of sinus specimens, collected during nasal endoscopy. the sensitivity of fungal cultures is reported to be poor, even when direct examination is positive, thus the epidemiology of fungal chronic sinusitis is ill-known. this study evaluated ...201627335058
high-throughput sequencing reveals unprecedented diversities of aspergillus species in outdoor air.this study used the illumina miseq to analyse compositions and diversities of aspergillus species in outdoor air. the seasonal air samplings were performed at two locations in seoul, south korea. the results showed the relative abundances of all aspergillus species combined ranging from 0·20 to 18% and from 0·19 to 21% based on the number of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and β-tubulin (bena) gene sequences respectively. aspergillus fumigatus was the most dominant species with the mean ...201627333577
antifungal activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells against cryptococcus neoformans in vitro requires expression of dectin-3 (clec4d) and reactive oxygen species.conventional dendritic cells (cdcs) are critical for protection against pulmonary infection with the opportunistic fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans; however, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) is unknown. we show for the first time that murine pdcs have direct activity against c. neoformans via reactive oxygen species (ros), a mechanism different from that employed to control aspergillus fumigatus infections. the anticryptococcal activity of murine pdcs is independent of opso ...201627324480
treatment with rhdnase in patients with cystic fibrosis alters in-vitro chit-1 activity of isolated leucocytes.recent data suggest a possible relationship between cystic fibrosis (cf) pharmacotherapy, aspergillus fumigatus colonization (ac) and/or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). the aim of this study was to determine if anti-fungal defence mechanisms are influenced by cf pharmacotherapy, i.e. if (1) neutrophils form cf and non-cf donors differ in their ability to produce chitotriosidase (chit-1); (2) if incubation of isolated neutrophils with azithromycin, salbutamol, prednisolone or rhdn ...201627324468
proteomic analysis of aspergillus fumigatus - clinical implications.aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus capable of producing small airborne spores, which are frequently inhaled by humans. in healthy individuals, the fungus is rapidly cleared by innate mechanisms, including immune cells. however, in individuals with impaired lung function or immunosuppression the spores can germinate and prompt severe allergic responses, and disease with limited or extensive invasiveness.201627324303
synthesis and structure-activity relationship of some new thiophene-based heterocycles as potential antimicrobial agents.several new pyrazole, pyridine, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine, benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives incorporating a thiophene moiety were synthesized from (e)-ethyl 5-(3-(dimethylamino)acryloyl)-4-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)thiophene-3-carboxylate (1). the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by ir, ¹h-, (13)c-nmr, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all the synthesized compou ...201627517888
sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in healthy children in van, east turkey.the purpose of this study was to determine the most frequent food and inhalant allergens leading to allergic sensitization in children in van province of turkey.201627511484
comparative performance evaluation of multi-metal resistant fungal strains for simultaneous removal of multiple hazardous metals.in the present study, five fungal strains viz., aspergillus terreus aml02, paecilomyces fumosoroseus 4099, beauveria bassiana 4580, aspergillus terreus pd-17, aspergillus fumigatus pd-18, were screened for simultaneous multimetal removal. highest metal tolerance index for each individual metal viz., cd, cr, cu, ni, pb and zn (500mg/l) was recorded for a. fumigatus for the metals (cd, 0.72; cu, 0.72; pb, 1.02; zn, 0.94) followed by b. bassiana for the metals (cd, 0.56; cu, 0.14; ni, 0.29; zn, 0.8 ...201627497228
dose optimization of voriconazole/anidulafungin combination against aspergillus fumigatus using an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model and response surface analysis: clinical implications for azole-resistant aspergillosis.combination therapy of voriconazole with an echinocandin is often employed in order to increase the efficacy of voriconazole monotherapy.201627494912
azole resistance surveillance in aspergillus fumigatus: beneficial or biased?azole resistance is a growing concern with aspergillus fumigatus, and may cause increased mortality in patients with azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis (ia). microbial surveillance has been recognized as a fundamental component of resistance management. surveillance information may be used to inform decisions regarding health services and research funding allocation, to guide local infection control in hospitals and communities, and to direct local and national drug policies and guidelines. ...201627494831
new therapeutic strategies for invasive aspergillosis in the era of azole resistance: how should the prevalence of azole resistance be defined?given reports showing a high prevalence of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus, alternatives to azole therapy are discussed when a threshold of 10% of azole-resistant environmental isolates is reached. this raises the issue of calculation of this threshold, either on the prevalence of azole-resistant isolates as a whole or on the prevalence of azole-resistant cases in populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis (ia). for isolate evaluation, there are high disparities in routine microbiol ...201627494830
characterization of the trna ligases of pathogenic fungi aspergillus fumigatus and coccidioides immitis.yeast trna ligase (trl1) is an essential trifunctional enzyme that repairs rna breaks with 2',3'-cyclic-po4 and 5'-oh ends. trl1 is composed of c-terminal cyclic phosphodiesterase and central polynucleotide kinase domains that heal the broken ends to generate the 3'-oh, 2'-po4, and 5'-po4 termini required for sealing by an n-terminal ligase domain. trl1 enzymes are found in all human fungal pathogens and they are promising targets for antifungal drug discovery because: (i) their domain structure ...201627492257
application of uv-vis spectrophotometric process for the assessment of indoloacridines as free radical scavenger.a conventional approach has been used to synthesis indole fused acridine, 4a-e. in this paper to achieve the target molecule, 4 the reaction was performed via two steps. in step 1, there was a reaction between carbazolone, 1 and benzophenone, 2 to get dihydroindoloacridine, 3. in step 2, compound, 3 was treated with 5% palladium/carbon in the presence of diphenyl ether for 5h to give a dark brown product, 4. the column chromatography was used to purify final product, 4. all the synthesized compo ...201627491030
aspergillus fumigatus components distinguish ige but not igg4 profiles between fungal sensitization and allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis.aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent of allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis. prompt and accurate diagnosis may be difficult to achieve with current clinical and laboratory scores, which do not include immune responses to recombinant a. fumigatus allergens. we measured specific immunoglobulin e and g4 directed to recombinant a. fumigatus allergens in 55 cystic fibrosis patients without allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis but sensitized to a. fumigatus and in nine patients with a ...201627542151
emerging aspergillosis by azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus at an intensive care unit in the netherlands, 2010 to 2013.the prevalence of invasive aspergillosis (ia) at the intensive care unit (icu) is unknown and difficult to assess since ia also develops in patients lacking specific host factors. in the netherlands, increasing azole-resistance in aspergillus fumigatus complicates treatment of patients with ia. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ia by azole-resistant a. fumigatus at the icu among patients receiving antifungal treatment and to follow their clinical outcome and prognosis. a r ...201627541498
der f 34, a novel major house dust mite allergen belonging to a highly conserved rid/yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family of imine deaminases.the high prevalence of house dust mite (hdm) allergy is a growing health problem worldwide, and the characterization of clinically important hdm allergens is a prerequisite for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. here, we report a novel hdm allergen that belongs structurally to the highly conserved rid/yjgf/yer057c/uk114 family (rid family) with imine deaminase activity. isolated hdm cdna, named der f 34, encodes 128 amino acids homologous to rid-like proteins. this new pro ...201627539850
the aspergillus fumigatus scha(sch9) kinase modulates saka(hog1) map kinase activity and it is essential for virulence.the serine-threonine kinase tor, the target of rapamycin, is an important regulator of nutrient, energy and stress signaling in eukaryotes. sch9, a ser/thr kinase of agc family (the camp-dependent pka, cgmp- dependent protein kinase g and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c family), is a substrate of tor. here, we characterized the fungal opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus sch9 homologue (scha). the scha null mutant was sensitive to rapamycin, high concentrations of calcium, hypero ...201627538790
pcr-based detection of aspergillus fumigatus cyp51a mutations on bronchoalveolar lavage: a multicentre validation of the aspergenius assay® in 201 patients with haematological disease suspected for invasive aspergillosis.in patients with invasive aspergillosis (ia), fungal cultures are mostly negative. consequently, azole resistance often remains undetected. the aspergenius(®) multiplex real-time pcr assay identifies clinically relevant aspergillus species and four resistance-associated mutations (rams; tr34/l98h/t289a/y121f) in the cyp51a gene. this multicentre study evaluated the diagnostic performance of this assay on bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and correlated the presence of rams with azole treatment ...201627530755
direct molecular diagnosis of aspergillosis and cyp51a profiling from respiratory samples of french patients.microbiological diagnosis of aspergillosis and triazole resistance is limited by poor culture yield. to better estimate this shortcoming, we compared culture and molecular detection of a. fumigatus in respiratory samples from french patients at risk for aspergillosis.201627524978
preparation, characterization and antimicrobial applications of zn-fe ldh against mrsa.facile and simple processes to get zn-fe layered double hydroxide (ldh) with nitrate as the interlayer anion are reported. the method of co-precipitation produced high crystallinity ldh that is marked by xrd, sem, tem and ft-ir. results showed that 99.8% of cd(+2) removals were at ph11 and 4h. to get the adsorption isotherms, the concentration of metal ions extending from 6 to 18mg/l was utilized. results supported the langmuir adsorption model. in contrary, the adsorption process followed the p ...201627524011
demethylase inhibitor fungicide resistance in pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres associated with target site modification and inducible overexpression of cyp51.pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres is the cause of net form of net blotch (nfnb), an economically important foliar disease in barley (hordeum vulgare). net and spot forms of net blotch are widely controlled using site-specific systemic fungicides. although resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and quinone outside inhibitors has been addressed before in net blotches, mechanisms controlling demethylation inhibitor resistance have not yet been reported at the molecular level. here we report ...201627594852
aspergillus fumigatus carrying tr34/l98h resistance allele causing complicated suppurative otitis media in tanzania: call for improved diagnosis of fungi in sub-saharan africa.suppurative otitis media (som) is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity. cases of fungal suppurative otitis media were studied to establish the effect of fungi in otitis media.201627589956
inhibition of the flavin-dependent monooxygenase siderophore a (sida) blocks siderophore biosynthesis and aspergillus fumigatus growth.aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the most common causative agent of fatal invasive mycoses. the flavin-dependent monooxygenase siderophore a (sida) catalyzes the oxygen and nadph dependent hydroxylation of l-ornithine (l-orn) to n(5)-l-hydroxyornithine in the biosynthetic pathway of hydroxamate-containing siderophores in a. fumigatus. deletion of the gene that codes for sida has shown that it is essential in establishing infection in mice models. here, a fluorescence ...201627588426
characterization of gprk encoding a putative hybrid g-protein-coupled receptor in aspergillus fumigatus.the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family represents the largest and most varied collection of membrane embedded proteins that are sensitized by ligand binding and interact with heterotrimeric g proteins. despite their presumed critical roles in fungal biology, the functions of the gpcr family members in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus are largely unknown, as only two (gprc and gprd) of the 15 predicted gpcrs have been studied. here, we characterize the gprk gene, which ...201627584150
the current status of drug-resistant aspergillus.aspergillus spp. are important fungi because of the high mortality associated with aspergillosis. however, we have only three classes of anti-aspergillus drugs available; and only two drugs, itraconazole (itcz) and voriconazole (vrcz), are available as oral agents in japan. if azole-resistant aspergillus causes chronic aspergillosis, we cannot treat such patients with oral azoles on an outpatient basis. as is the case with foreign countries, we found the existence of azole-resistant aspergillus ...201627581778
cyclophilin and enolase are the most prevalent conidial antigens of lomentospora prolificans recognized by healthy human salivary iga and cross-react with aspergillus fumigatus.the study of the immunocompetent airways immune response may provide important information to improve the therapeutic efficacy against lomentospora (scedosporium) prolificans. so, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent conidial antigens of this multiresistant fungus recognized by healthy human salivary immunoglobulin a, and to study their expression and cross-reactivity with other fungal species.201627485921
sudden death of a siamese crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) due to systemic aspergillosis.a 4-year-old female siamese crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) housed at a zoo died without any prior clinical signs. during necropsy, numerous scattered, well-demarcated, yellowish-white, firm nodules were observed throughout the liver and lungs. microscopic examination with periodic acid-schiff staining revealed granulomatous inflammation in the liver and lungs. liver granulomas were characterized by the presence of a connective tissue barrier and hyphae, and the centers of the granulomas showed ...201627476559
th2 and th9 responses in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and hyper-ige syndrome.stat1 mutations cause chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (cmc), while stat3 mutations cause hyper-ige syndrome (hies). cmc and hies patients have t helper (th) 17 defects suffering from mucosal candida infections, but only patients with hies show an allergic phenotype with eczema, eosinophilia and high ige levels.201627474157
influence of aspergillus fumigatus conidia viability on murine pulmonary microrna and mrna expression following subchronic inhalation exposure.personal exposure to fungal bioaerosols derived from contaminated building materials or agricultural commodities may induce or exacerbate a variety of adverse health effects. the genomic mechanisms that underlie pulmonary immune responses to fungal bioaerosols have remained unclear.201627473664
aspergillus fumigatus mads-box transcription factor rlma is required for regulation of the cell wall integrity and virulence.the cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway is the primary signaling cascade that controls the de novo synthesis of the fungal cell wall, and in saccharomyces cerevisiae this event is highly dependent on the rlm1 transcription factor. here, we investigated the function of rlma in the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus we show that the δrlma strain exhibits an altered cell wall organization in addition to defects related to vegetative growth and tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents. a genetic an ...201627473315
pf4 bacteriophage produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibits aspergillus fumigatus metabolism via iron sequestration.pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and aspergillus fumigatus (af) are major human pathogens known to interact in a variety of disease settings, including airway infections in cystic fibrosis. we recently reported that clinical cf isolates of pa inhibit the formation and growth of af biofilms. here, we report that the bacteriophage pf4, produced by pa, can inhibit the metabolic activity of af biofilms. this phage-mediated inhibition was dose dependent, ablated by phage denaturation, and was more pronoun ...201627473221
aspergillus fumigatus spore proteomics and genetics reveal that vea represses defa-mediated dna damage response.aspergillus fumigatus reproduces and infects host by forming a high number of small asexual spores (conidia). the velvet proteins are global transcriptional regulators governing the complex process of conidiogenesis in this fungus. here, to further understand the velvet-mediated regulation, we carried out comparative proteomic analyses of conidia of wild type (wt) and three velvet mutants (δvea, δvelb and δvosa). cluster analysis of 184 protein spots showing at least 1.5-fold differential accumu ...201627469890
dynamic immune cell recruitment after murine pulmonary aspergillus fumigatus infection under different immunosuppressive regimens.humans are continuously exposed to airborne spores of the saprophytic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. however, in healthy individuals pulmonary host defense mechanisms efficiently eliminate the fungus. in contrast, a. fumigatus causes devastating infections in immunocompromised patients. host immune responses against a. fumigatus lung infections in immunocompromised conditions have remained largely elusive. given the dynamic changes in immune cell subsets within tissues upon immunosuppressive ther ...201627468286
udp-galactopyranose mutase, a potential drug target against human pathogenic nematode brugia malayi.lymphatic filariasis, a vector-borne neglected tropical disease affects millions of population in tropical and subtropical countries. vaccine unavailability and emerging drug resistance against standard antifilarial drugs necessitate search of novel drug targets for developing alternate drugs. recently, udp-galactopyranose mutases (ugm) have emerged as a promising drug target playing an important role in parasite virulence and survival. this study deals with the cloning and characterization of b ...201627465638
biogenic synthesis, optimisation and antibacterial efficacy of extracellular silver nanoparticles using novel fungal isolate aspergillus fumigatus ma.to eliminate the elaborate processes employed in other non-biological-based protocols and low cost production of silver nanoparticles (agnps), this study reports biogenic synthesis of agnps using silver salt precursor with aqueous extract of aspergillus fumigates ma. influence of silver precursor concentrations, concentration ratio of fungal extract and silver nitrate, contact time, reaction temperature and ph are evaluated to find their effects on agnps synthesis. ultraviolet-visible spectra ga ...201627463792
correction for escribano et al., microsatellite (straf) genotyping cannot differentiate between invasive and colonizing aspergillus fumigatus isolates. 201627458273
use of scw4 gene primers in pcr methods for the identification of six medically important aspergillus species.aspergillus species are the cause of invasive mold infections in immunocompromised patients: aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus and a. terreus account for most cases of invasive aspergillosis (ia). as certain species are associated with higher mortality and vary in their resistance to antifungal therapy, diagnosis requires increasingly rapid molecular methods that enable sensitive detection and species discrimination. we have developed pcr and multiplex pcr assays for the detection of six medicall ...201627455180
new cyclotetrapeptides and a new diketopiperzine derivative from the marine sponge-associated fungus neosartorya glabra kufa 0702.two new cyclotetrapeptides, sartoryglabramides a (5) and b (6), and a new analog of fellutanine a (8) were isolated, together with six known compounds including ergosta-4, 6, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol 5, 8-endoperoxide, helvolic acid, aszonalenin (1), (3r)-3-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1h-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (2), takakiamide (3), (11ar)-2,3-dihydro-1h-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11(10h,11ah)-dione (4), and fellutanine a (7), from the ethyl acetate extract of the ...201627447650
enose technology can detect and classify human pathogenic molds in vitro: a proof-of-concept study of aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae.invasive pulmonary mold disease (ipmd) is often fatal in neutropenic patients. this is because ipmd is difficult to diagnose timely, especially when non-aspergillus molds are the causative agent, as they are usually not associated with a positive galactomannan assay. in 2013 we showed that exhaled breath analysis might be used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis through profiling of patterns in exhaled volatile organic compounds (vocs) by electronic nose (enose) technology. the current study aime ...201627447026
dephosphorylation of the core septin, aspb, in a protein phosphatase 2a-dependent manner impacts its localization and function in the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus.septins are a conserved family of gtpases that form hetero-oligomeric complexes and perform diverse functions in higher eukaryotes, excluding plants. our previous studies in the human fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus revealed that the core septin, aspb, a cdc3 ortholog, is required for septation, conidiation, and conidial cell wall organization. although aspb is important for these cellular functions, nothing is known about the role of kinases or phosphatases in the posttranslational regula ...201627446037
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with disseminated infection in immunocompetent patient.invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is a rare pathology with increasing incidence mainly in critical care settings and recently in immunocompetent patients. the mortality of the disease is very high, regardless of an early diagnosis and aggressive treatment. here, we report a case of a 56 yr old previously healthy woman who was found unconscious at home and admitted to the emergency room with mild respiratory insufficiency. in the first 24 hours she developed an acute respiratory failure with ...201627445566
an iterative o-methyltransferase catalyzes 1,11-dimethylation of aspergillus fumigatus fumaric acid amides.s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam)-dependent methyltransfer is a common biosynthetic strategy to modify natural products. we investigated the previously uncharacterized aspergillus fumigatus methyltransferase ftpm, which is encoded next to the bimodular fumaric acid amide synthetase ftpa. structure elucidation of two new a. fumigatus natural products, the 1,11-dimethyl esters of fumaryl-l-tyrosine and fumaryl-l-phenylalanine, together with ftpm gene disruption suggested that ftpm catalyzes iterative ...201627442960
new polyketides and new benzoic acid derivatives from the marine sponge-associated fungus neosartorya quadricincta kufa 0081.two new pentaketides, including a new benzofuran-1-one derivative (1) and a new isochromen-1-one (5), and seven new benzoic acid derivatives, including two new benzopyran derivatives (2a, b), a new benzoxepine derivative (3), two new chromen-4-one derivatives (4b, 7) and two new benzofuran derivatives (6a, b), were isolated, together with the previously reported 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one (4a), from the culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus neosartorya quad ...201627438842
sterol biosynthesis and azole tolerance is governed by the opposing actions of srba and the ccaat binding complex.azole drugs selectively target fungal sterol biosynthesis and are critical to our antifungal therapeutic arsenal. however, resistance to this class of drugs, particularly in the major human mould pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, is emerging and reaching levels that have prompted some to suggest that there is a realistic probability that they will be lost for clinical use. the dominating class of pan-azole resistant isolates is characterized by the presence of a tandem repeat of at least 34 bases ...201627438727
mitochondrial complex i is a global regulator of secondary metabolism, virulence and azole sensitivity in fungi.recent estimates of the global burden of fungal disease suggest that that their incidence has been drastically underestimated and that mortality may rival that of malaria or tuberculosis. azoles are the principal class of antifungal drug and the only available oral treatment for fungal disease. recent occurrence and increase in azole resistance is a major concern worldwide. known azole resistance mechanisms include over-expression of efflux pumps and mutation of the gene encoding the target prot ...201627438017
a putative mitochondrial iron transporter mrsa in aspergillus fumigatus plays important roles in azole-, oxidative stress responses and virulence.iron is an essential nutrient and enzyme co-factor required for a wide range of cellular processes, especially for the function of mitochondria. for the opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, the ability to obtain iron is required for growth and virulence during the infection process. however, knowledge of how mitochondria are involved in iron regulation is still limited. here, we show that a mitochondrial iron transporter, mrsa, a homolog of yeast mrs4p, is critical for adaptation ...201627433157
epidemiology and molecular characterizations of azole resistance in clinical and environmental aspergillus fumigatus isolates from china.azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus has emerged as a worldwide public health problem. we sought here to demonstrate the occurrence and characteristics of azole resistance in a. fumigatus from different parts of china. a total of 317 clinical and 144 environmental a. fumigatus isolates from 12 provinces were collected and subjected to screening for azole resistance. antifungal susceptibility, cyp51a gene sequencing, and genotyping were carried out for all suspected azole-resistant isolates ...201627431231
the evolution of water extractable organic matter and its association with microbial community dynamics during municipal solid waste composting.the humification of water extractable organic matter (weom) by microorganisms is widely used for assessing compost maturity and quality. however, the effect of bacterial and fungal community dynamics on humification of weom was not yet explored fully. here, we used canonical correspondence analysis (cca) and redundancy analysis (rda) to investigate the link between bacterial and fungal community dynamics and humification process of weom, respectively. results showed that water-soluble carbon (ws ...201627425858
human immunodeficiency virus and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: case report and review of literature.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) results from a hypersensitivity response to airways colonization with aspergillus fumigatus, and it occurs most often in individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an indolent, but potentially progressive, disease in patients. in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), abpa is rare, and its description in the literature is limited to case reports. we describe the occurrence of abpa in a ...201627419184
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