Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus in nonvaccinated adult population over 40 years of age]. | to determine prevalence rates of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the general adult male and female population over 40 years of age with no history of viral hepatitis a (vha) and viral hepatitis b (vhb) who have never been vaccinated against hepatitis and to assess the cost-effectiveness of the pre-vaccination serological screening. | 2006 | 16970073 |
| hepatitis a virus infection -- shifting epidemiology. | to determine the age distribution in hav infection and seasonal variations in the prevalence of acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis a virus. | 2006 | 16441981 |
| hepatitis a virus: from discovery to vaccines. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of type a viral hepatitis, is an ancient human virus that was first identified almost 35 years ago. it has several characteristics that make it unique among the picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis, and which likely contribute to its pathobiology. although efficacious vaccines containing formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture have been licensed in multiple countries, th ... | 2006 | 16447259 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in oysters (crassostrea gigas). | because shellfish (oysters, clams, and mussels) are filter-feeders, pathogens become concentrated within them, and human consumption of raw, or under-cooked shellfish can result in disease outbreaks. identification of hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish has been difficult for several reasons: the concentration of virions in shellfish tissues are very low, detection methods based on in vitro propagation are unreliable, recovery of virions from shellfish tissues is inefficient, and pcr inhibitors ... | 2006 | 16457870 |
| acute pericarditis and renal failure complicating acute hepatitis a infection. | hepatitis a infection may result in acute hepatitis, and rarely, fulminant hepatitis may ensue. extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis a are uncommon. the authors present the case of a 77-year-old male who had development of acute renal failure and pericarditis during the clinical course of acute hepatitis a infection. he died as a result of septic shock on the fifth day of hospitalization. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of both these rare and serious complications appe ... | 2006 | 16466128 |
| co-circulation of genotype ia and new variant ib hepatitis a virus in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in hungary--2003/2004. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most important causes of acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in hungary, the reported number of hav infections has been decreasing in the last four decades, nevertheless, still, each year 500-800 new cases and multiple outbreaks occur, particularly in the northeast region of hungary. in hungary, serology is used routinely to establish the diagnosis of hav infection without genetic analysis of hav strains for molecular epidemiology. in this study, serum sam ... | 2006 | 16998889 |
| an ultracentrifugation-based approach to the detection of hepatitis a virus in soft fruits. | a method was developed for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in soft fruits (raspberries and strawberries). after washing the sample in 1 m sodium bicarbonate with added soya protein, fruits were removed by slow speed centrifugation, then particulate material and residual pectin were removed from the supernatant by flocculation and pectinase treatment during another slow speed centrifugation. virus particles were then sedimented by ultracentrifugation. rna was extracted from the virus particl ... | 2006 | 16497401 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis b and anti-hepatitis a antibodies among school aged children in western saudi arabia. | to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) among children in jeddah, kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) and to evaluate the need of anti-hav mass vaccination. | 2006 | 17013474 |
| development of array-based technology for detection of hav using gold-dna probes. | a sensitive method for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) by utilizing gold-dna probe on an array was developed. amino-modified oligodeoxynucleotides at the 5' position were arrayed on an activated glass surface to function as capture probes. sandwich hybridization occurred among capture probes, the hav amplicon, and gold nanoparticlesupported oligonucleotide probes. after a silver enhancement step, signals were detected by a standard flatbed scanner or just by naked eyes. as little as 100 fm ... | 2005 | 16053706 |
| development and evaluation of a broadly reactive taqman assay for rapid detection of hepatitis a virus. | primers and a taqman probe for the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome were designed and evaluated. the assay detected 0.5 infectious units of hav and 40 copies of a synthetic transcript and provides an important screening tool for rapid quantitative hav detection in clinical or environmental samples. | 2005 | 15933042 |
| routine testing for igg antibodies against hepatitis a virus in israel. | viral hepatitis is highly endemic in israel, with the hepatitis a virus (hav) responsible for most cases. improved socioeconomic factors, as well as the universal vaccination of infants (introduced in 1999) has resulted in a decline in infection rates in israel. this study examines the benefits of routine testing for anti-hav igg in high-risk population. | 2005 | 15935104 |
| cost-effectiveness of universal childhood hepatitis a vaccination in chile. | hepatitis a is an important public health problem in chile. childhood vaccination has reduced hepatitis a rates in several countries, prompting this evaluation of its cost-effectiveness in chile. using a markov model, we project mass vaccination would reduce hepatitis a cases among birth cohort members and their personal contacts >80%. vaccination costs of us dollars 5.3-6.4 million would be offset by us dollars 9.2-9.4 million reductions in disease costs. further, approximately 70 fatal infecti ... | 2005 | 15964479 |
| age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a among school children in central tunisia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has different epidemiologic and clinical patterns, depending on the level of endemicity in a given geographic area. tunisia is considered a region of high endemicity for hepatitis. improvement of socioeconomic conditions in this country has made a determination of the seroprevalence of this disease advisable. we assessed the seroprevalence of hav in sousse in central tunisia. a total of 2,400 school children 5-20 years of age (mean +/- sd age = 11.7 +/- 3.5 years) were se ... | 2005 | 16014829 |
| immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a pediatric vaccine: three-year post-booster follow-up. | the persistence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibody concentrations was followed over 3 years in 177 healthy children following primary and booster vaccination with an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, avaxim 80 pediatric. seroconversion rates (post-immunization anti-hav antibody concentration >or=20 miu/ml) and geometric mean concentrations (gmc) were estimated for each of three age groups: 18 month--3 years, 4--8 years, and 9--15 years. only subjects who were initially hav-seronegative at inclusi ... | 2005 | 16043271 |
| hepatitis a viral genotypes and clinical relevance: clinical and molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from northern india. | viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a worldwide disease; in most cases, it causes an acute self-limited illness. the nucleotide sequence analysis of hav has classified the virus in seven different genotypes, which include human (i-iii and vii) and simian (iv-vi) groups. most human strains belong to the genotype i, which has been divided into sub-genotypes ia and ib. the present study has been carried out to determine the prevalence of hav genotypes from northern india ... | 2005 | 15914081 |
| a novel rt-multiplex pcr for enteroviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses and influenza a virus among infants and children with diarrhea in vietnam. | a novel reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (rt-multiplex pcr) assay that can detect enteroviruses, hepatitis a and e viruses and influenza a virus from various hosts (avian species, human, swine and horse) was developed. the identification of that group of viruses was performed with the mixture of four pairs of published specific primers (f1 and r1, p3 and p4, 2s and 2as, mmu42 and mmu43) for amplifying viral genomes and specifically generated four different amplicon sizes ... | 2005 | 15645373 |
| comparison of bacteriophage and enteric virus removal in pilot scale activated sludge plants. | the aim of this experimental study was to determine comparatively the removal of two types of bacteriophages, a somatic coliphage and an f-specific rna phage and of three types of enteric viruses, hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus and rotavirus during sewage treatment by activated sludge using laboratory pilot plants. | 2005 | 15659206 |
| experience with hepatitis a and b vaccines. | the lengthy history of efforts to understand the pathogenesis and means of preventing and controlling both hepatitis a and b is noteworthy for many exceptional scientific achievements. among these are the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of infection through induction of active immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). the first plasma-derived hepatitis b vaccine was licensed in the united states in 1981 and was replaced by recombinant hepatitis b vaccines in ... | 2005 | 16271535 |
| screening for hepatitis a and b antibodies in patients with chronic liver disease. | chronic liver disease (cld) is highly prevalent, and hepatitis c is one of the leading causes. acute hepatitis a or b in patients with chronic hepatitis c can lead to more severe hepatic injury and a higher fatality rate than in patients without hepatitis c. thus, the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) of the centers for disease control and prevention and the world health organization recommend that persons with cld be vaccinated against hepatitis a virus (hav), and the acip and ... | 2005 | 16271538 |
| overcoming obstacles to immunization in patients with chronic liver disease. | the importance of vaccination to protect against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections in patients with chronic liver disease has been established. however, in this population, a number of obstacles can interfere with appropriate and timely hepatitis immunization. the costs of hepatitis a and b vaccine series are out of reach for many uninsured patients. many private and government-sponsored insurance programs do not routinely cover these vaccinations for patients with c ... | 2005 | 16271540 |
| hepatitis a and b immunization in persons being evaluated for sexually transmitted diseases. | sexual transmission accounts for the majority of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections in industrialized countries. hepatitis a virus (hav) can be transmitted by sexual practices that involve fecal-oral exposure. both infections are disproportionately frequent in men who have sex with men (msm). routine immunization against hbv is recommended for msm and for persons being evaluated or treated for sexually transmitted diseases (stds), and hav immunization is advised for msm and for other persons at ... | 2005 | 16271545 |
| hepatitis a and b immunizations of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | all persons at risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2, including men who have sex with men, those with multiple heterosexual contacts, abusers of illegal injection drugs, and persons frequently exposed to blood and blood products, are also at high risk for hepatitis a virus (hav) and acute and chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections. hiv can prolong the duration and increase the level of hav viremia and augment hav-related liver abnormalities. hiv also magnif ... | 2005 | 16271546 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a virus infection with a high case-fatality rate among injecting drug users. | in 2002, the first reported outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection involving mostly intravenous drug users (idu) occurred in italy. we attempted a thorough evaluation of the outbreak, including epidemiological, clinical and virological analyses. | 2005 | 16143420 |
| the effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis a virus seroprevalence patterns. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection confers long-term immunity, so mathematical analysis of age-specific seroprevalence in populations can reveal changes in the infection rate over time. hav transmission is related to access to clean drinking water, personal hygiene and public sanitation. | 2005 | 15831565 |
| rapid and quantitative detection of hepatitis a virus from green onion and strawberry rinses by use of real-time reverse transcription-pcr. | in this study, an immunomagnetic capture method and a real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay were used to quantify hepatitis a virus (hav) in green onion and strawberry rinses. this combined protocol detected as low as 0.5 pfu hav in produce rinses and concentrated hav levels up to 20-fold. | 2005 | 16151164 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a in the bologna metropolitan area, northern italy: importance of counselling and prophylactic measures for the male homo/bisexual population. | during a 6-year observational study, 122 cases of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were detected in bologna, italy, with a c. 300% increase in cases between 1999 and 2004. there were 104 cases (85.2%) in male adults, of whom nearly 70% had unprotected sexual contact as the probable risk-factor. there were increasing numbers of cases in immigrants between 1999 and 2004 (p 0.036), and concurrent cases of infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b and c viruses and syphilis were also ... | 2005 | 16153262 |
| replication and in vivo repair of the hepatitis a virus genome lacking the poly(a) tail. | the precise role of the poly(a) tail at the 3' end of the picornavirus rna genome and the cellular factors that control its homeostasis are unknown. to assess the importance of the poly(a) tail for virus replication, the genome of the slowly replicating hepatitis a virus (hav) with and without a poly(a) tail was studied after transfection into cells maintained under various conditions. a tailless hav genome had a shorter half-life than a poly(a)-containing genome and was unable to replicate in q ... | 2005 | 15831948 |
| [serological survey and vaccination against viral hepatitis a in health care providers at the clinic of infectious diseases in ostrava]. | the health care providers of the clinic of infectious diseases in ostrava were screened for immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) in an attempt to provide vaccination against hepatitis a to non-immune persons. study subjects and methods: a cohort of 101 health care providers of the clinic of infectious diseases, i.e. 10 physicians, 56 nurses and 35 nursing auxiliaries, were screened. total anti-hav antibodies were determined by elisa and the subjects not reaching the protective level of anti-hav a ... | 2005 | 16173524 |
| rapid investigation of hepatitis a virus outbreak by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. | investigation of hepatitis a virus (hav) outbreaks often implies nucleotide sequence analysis. as an alternative method for the identification of related strains, single strand conformation polymorphism method (sscp) was compared to sequence analysis. twenty-three strains from sporadic and outbreak cases were studied retrospectively. sscp, sequence identity and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on a 267 bp fragment of the vp1-2a variable region. the results of sscp pattern comparison and sequ ... | 2005 | 15834883 |
| evidence for natural selection in the havcr1 gene: high degree of amino-acid variability in the mucin domain of human havcr1 protein. | the family of genes encoding t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing proteins (tim), which are cell-surface molecules expressed in cd4(+) t helper cells, has important roles in the immune system. here, we report three unusual patterns of genetic variation in the human hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 gene (havcr1) that are similar to patterns observed in major histocompatibility complex loci. first, levels of polymorphism in exon 4 of havcr1 were exceptionally high in humans (nucl ... | 2005 | 15889130 |
| iga-coated particles of hepatitis a virus are translocalized antivectorially from the apical to the basolateral site of polarized epithelial cells via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, its target for replication is the liver. little is known of its interactions with cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is not known by which mechanisms hav crosses the intestinal epithelium. in this study, it is shown that hav associated with iga is translocated from the apical to the basolateral compartment of polarized epithelial cells via the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor by iga-mediated reverse transcytosis. ... | 2005 | 16186228 |
| application of microbial risk assessment to the development of standards for enteric pathogens in water used to irrigate fresh produce. | microbial contamination of the surfaces of cantaloupe, iceberg lettuce, and bell peppers via contact with irrigation water was investigated to aid in the development of irrigation water quality standards for enteric bacteria and viruses. furrow and subsurface drip irrigation methods were evaluated with the use of nonpathogenic surrogates, coliphage prd1, and escherichia coli atcc 25922. the concentrations of hepatitis a virus (hav) and salmonella in irrigation water necessary to achieve a 1:10,0 ... | 2005 | 15895721 |
| prevalence of parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus in portuguese blood donors. | in recent years, concern about the safety of blood in regard to the transmission of blood-borne viruses has been decreased. safety has been achieved with a combination of different strategies, such as careful selection of donors, screening for relevant virological markers and viral inactivation/removal methods. more recently, the implementation of the nucleic acid amplification technologies for the detection of hiv-1, hcv and hbv, has increased safety by reducing the "window period" of the infec ... | 2005 | 16203176 |
| environmental risk factors for hepatitis a infection in the zenica-doboj canton, bosnia and herzegovina. | in the zenica-doboj canton, 1106 hepatitis a virus (hav) infections were reported during 2000 (an incidence rate of 252/100 000 population), with 996 (90.1%) cases occurring in nine community-wide outbreaks. analysis of water supplies showed that 398 (19.1%) samples contained coliforms, including 202 (50.8%) that were contaminated with thermotolerant escherichia coli. sewage sanitation systems were absent or substandard in 53 910 (81.8%) rural households. the group most affected during outbreaks ... | 2005 | 15679489 |
| growth of hepatitis a virus in a mouse liver cell line. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been adapted to grow efficiently in primate and some nonprimate cell lines but not in cells of murine origin. to understand the inability of the virus to grow in mouse cells, we studied the replication of hav in immortalized and nontransformed mmh-d3 mouse liver cells, which require growth factors and collagen to maintain their phenotype. hav grew in mmh-d3 cells transfected with virion rna but not in those infected with viral particles, indicating a cell entry block ... | 2005 | 15709014 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a among drug users in north-eastern italy. is vaccination necessary in low prevalence areas? | the authors report on the prevalence of, and risk factors for, hepatitis a virus (hav) in a group of drug users in italy. | 2005 | 16093301 |
| hepatitis a and b seropositivity among medical students. | health science students are commonly exposed to some infectious agents, including hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv), which may cause substantial morbidity and even deaths. the identification of prevalence and risk factors is essential for implementing efficacious preventive measures. a serological survey was performed among medical students of adnan menderes university medical faculty to determine the prevalence of antibodies against hav and hbv, and, as a secondary objective, ... | 2005 | 16098410 |
| evaluation of an automated high-volume extraction method for viral nucleic acids in comparison to a manual procedure with preceding enrichment. | nucleic acid extraction still harbours the potential for improvements in automation and sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification technology (nat) testing. this study evaluates the feasibility of a novel automated high-volume extraction protocol for nat minipool testing in a blood bank setting. | 2005 | 16101686 |
| hepatitis a virus suppresses rig-i-mediated irf-3 activation to block induction of beta interferon. | hepatitis a virus (hav) antagonizes the innate immune response by inhibition of double-stranded rna (dsrna)-induced beta interferon (ifn-beta) gene expression. in this report, we show that this is due to an interaction of hav with the intracellular dsrna-induced retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-mediated signaling pathway upstream of the kinases responsible for interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3) phosphorylation (tbk1 and ikkepsilon). in consequence, irf-3 is not activated for nuclear tr ... | 2005 | 16103148 |
| hepatitis a molecular epidemiology in the united states, 1996-1997: sources of infection and implications of vaccination policy. | the genetic relatedness of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates was determined to identify possible infection sources for case patients in the sentinel counties study of acute viral hepatitis. | 2005 | 15717272 |
| a method for quantitative determination of deuterium content in biological material. | a method was developed for quantitative determination of deuterium incorporated into live organisms or biological macromolecules. the deuterated biological material was mixed with a bovine serum albumin (bsa) supporter to make a homogeneous sample for which the deltad value (vs. vsmow) was analyzed using a dual-inlet gas isotope mass spectrometer. the method is described in detail, and the equation for calculation of deuterium content is presented, i.e., cbiod=1/500 x k x rvsmow x cbsah x 10(6) ... | 2005 | 15723442 |
| hepatitis a vaccines: the growing case for universal immunisation of children. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection results in a debilitating, multi-week illness in older children and adults that can be avoided with pre-exposure immunisation. inactivated hav vaccines are safe, highly effective and induce long-lasting protection. immunisation has typically been recommended only for groups at highest risk of infection or complications, with variable success. this paper reviews the outcomes of several new programmes of universal hav immunisation of children and/or adolescents. t ... | 2005 | 15757414 |
| hepatitis a vaccines. | hepatitis a, an acute usually self limiting infection of the liver is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious disease in the world. effective vaccines which provide long term immunity against hepatitis a have been available since 1992. they are of known good quality, well tolerated with no serious adverse events and have been successfully used to protect different populations from infection as well as interrupt outbreak in closed communities. mathematical models estimate the long t ... | 2005 | 16108190 |
| spontaneous renal laceration as the presenting feature of polyarteritis nodosa in a patient with familial mediterranean fever after hepatitis a infection. | we report a life-threatening spontaneous renal laceration with no history of bleeding diathesis or any trauma in a patient with fmf after acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. right nephrectomy was inevitable and histological investigation of the removed right kidney revealed a polyarterits nodosa (pan). this case underlines the possibility that simultaneous pan and immunsupressive treatment besides colchicine should be considered for patients with fmf. also, patients with fmf who are not imm ... | 2005 | 15765217 |
| suppression of hepatitis a virus genome translation and replication by sirnas targeting the internal ribosomal entry site. | small interfering rnas (sirnas) targeting the coding region of hepatitis a virus (hav) were shown to specifically inhibit viral genome replication. compared to the coding region, the hav internal ribosomal entry site (ires) in the 5' non-coding region is highly sequence-conserved and folds into stable secondary structures. here, we report efficient and sustained rna interference mediated by both rnase iii-prepared sirna (esirna) and vector-derived short hairpin rnas (shrnas) that are targeted to ... | 2005 | 15823573 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus in thailand. | human hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis, and the isolates are categorised into four genotypes: i (gi), ii (gii), iii (giii), and vii (gvii). although viral hepatitis has been detected under a nationwide surveillance system in thailand, the genetic variation of hav has not yet been determined. in the present study, serum specimens were collected from acute hepatitis patients in thailand from 1998-2002. the igm-class antibody to hav was detected in 156 out of 39 ... | 2005 | 15543573 |
| clinical features and molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus outbreak in a child care center in thailand. | as a result of declining hepatitis a endemicity in thailand, an increasing number of children and adolescents have become susceptible to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. | 2005 | 15572002 |
| feasibility of vaccination in preventing secondary cases of hepatitis a virus infection. | although the secondary transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is preventable through vaccination, it is not known whether the vaccination of household contacts is feasible. to this end, we conducted a prospective cohort study among the household contacts, 40 years of age or less, of all persons infected with primary hav infection (index cases) and admitted to eight hospitals in southern italy within 7 days of onset. household contacts were vaccinated, and serum samples were taken at v ... | 2005 | 15603892 |
| high-pressure inactivation of hepatitis a virus within oysters. | previous results demonstrated that hepatitis a virus (hav) could be inactivated by high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) (d. h. kingsley, d. hoover, e. papafragkou, and g. p. richards, j. food prot. 65:1605-1609, 2002); however, direct evaluation of hav inactivation within contaminated oysters was not performed. in this study, we report confirmation that hav within contaminated shellfish is inactivated by hhp. shellfish were initially contaminated with hav by using a flowthrough system. pfu reductions ... | 2005 | 15640207 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a in noord-brabant, the netherlands. | previous studies on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) in amsterdam, the netherlands, show that subgenotype 1a is mainly seen among homosexual men practising anonymous oral-anal sex in saunas and darkrooms, while subgenotype 1b is usually detected among children originating from morocco, and subgenotype 3a is mostly found among travellers to pakistan. | 2005 | 15653415 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease. | hepatitis a virus (hav) rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in the general population. yet it is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (cld), in whom routine hav vaccination is recommended. however, studies of hav seroprevalence and exposure predictors in populations with cld are scarce. we have studied a cohort of 473 patients with various causes of cld between july 2000 and june 2002. patients were stratified on the basis of age, gender, ethn ... | 2005 | 15655056 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in residents of a district in havana, cuba. | a seroepidemiological study of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was conducted in a district of havana, where hepatitis a virus (hav) is considered endemic. the levels of anti-hev antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the recombinant protein gst-orf2.1. anti-hev antibodies were detected in 11 of 209 (5.3%) of serum samples, compared to 71.3% for anti-hav antibodies. no risk factors reported previously for hev infection showed a significant association wi ... | 2005 | 15779049 |
| [prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis a infection in an hiv-infected french population]. | there are common risk factors between hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immuno deficiency virus (hiv) infections. | 2005 | 15780896 |
| hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c binding to viral rna: correlation with substrate binding and enzyme dimerization. | proteinase 3c of hepatitis a virus (hav) plays a key role in the viral life cycle by generating mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. in addition to its proteolytic activity, 3c binds to viral rna, and thus influences viral genome replication. in order to investigate the interplay between proteolytic activity and rna binding at the molecular level, we subjected hav 3c and three variants carrying mutations of the cysteine residues [c24s (cys-24-->ser), c172a and c24s/c172a] to pro ... | 2005 | 15361063 |
| zinc-sensitive genes as potential new target genes of the metal transcription factor-1 (mtf-1). | zinc is an essential trace element that serves as a structural constituent of a large number of transcription factors, which explains its pivotal role in the control of gene expression. previous studies investigating the effect of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on gene expression in the human adenocarcinoma cell line ht-29 led to the identification of a considerable number of genes responding to alterations in cellular zinc status with changes in steady state mrna levels. for 9 of 20 g ... | 2005 | 15864330 |
| association of helicobacter pylori infection and giardiasis: results from a study of surrogate markers for fecal exposure among children. | to investigate whether helicobacter pylori (h pylori) infection is associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, presence of enteroparasites, and other surrogates of fecal exposure. | 2005 | 15884117 |
| positive test results for acute hepatitis a virus infection among persons with no recent history of acute hepatitis--united states, 2002-2004. | hepatitis a is a nationally reportable condition, and the surveillance case definition includes both clinical criteria and serologic confirmation. state health departments and cdc have investigated persons with positive serologic tests for acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection (i.e., igm anti-hav) whose illness was not consistent with the clinical criteria of the hepatitis a case definition. test results indicating acute hav infection among persons who do not have clinical or epidemiologic fea ... | 2005 | 15889006 |
| interchangeability and tolerability of a virosomal and an aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis a vaccine. | the interchangeability of virosomal (epaxal) and aluminum-adsorbed (havrix 1440) hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines was studied in 111 healthy adults who were vaccinated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover clinical trial. anti-hav antibody titers were measured at days 0 (first dose), 14, and 28, and months 3, 6, 12 (second dose), 13, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72. most subjects (>95%) had sero-converted 14 days after the first dose of either vaccine. the second dose with either vaccine induced a high ... | 2005 | 15752828 |
| cost-analysis of different management policies for patients with mild hepatitis a virus infection in kazakhstan. | for patients with mild hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, this study compared estimates of total costs associated with managing cases under a policy of mandatory hospitalization in the republic of kazakhstan and estimates of total costs associated with managing cases in outpatient settings. costs were estimated both from the perspective of the ministry of health and from a broader societal perspective. | 2005 | 15890070 |
| detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus in seawater via real-time rt-pcr. | a real-time rt-pcr method utilizing sybr green chemistry was developed to detect and enumerate hepatitis a virus (hav) in ocean water. ocean water samples were taken at the tijuana river mouth (tijuana, mexico) and imperial beach pier (1.4 km north of the tijuana river mouth in san diego, california) following four separate rain events. a total of eight samples were collected, one from each location, each consisting of 4 l of ocean water. using conventional rt-pcr and primers based on the conser ... | 2005 | 15896854 |
| prolonged acute hepatitis a mimicking autoimmune hepatitis. | we report a case with a prolonged course of hepatitis a, with alanine aminotransferase (alt) higher than 500 iu/l for more than 2 mo. | 2005 | 15968741 |
| [prevalences of hepatitis virus coinfection and indications for chronic hepatitis c virus treatment and liver transplantation in spanish hiv-infected patients. the gesida 29/02 and fipse 12185/01 multicenter study]. | the aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of hiv and hepatitis virus coinfection in the spanish population and to determine the percentage of patients who are candidates for chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) treatment and liver transplantation within this population. | 2005 | 15970166 |
| usefulness of specific igg avidity for diagnosis of hepatitis a infection. | diagnosis of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is classically based on the detection of hav-igm. nevertheless, hav-igm can be positive for patients with polyclonal stimulation of their immune system (i.e. immune reactivation). to improve the diagnostic yield, an avidity test for hav-igg antibodies was developed and tested. | 2005 | 15980754 |
| a seroepidemiologic study of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus infection in primary school students in taipei. | helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus (hav) share a common fecal-oral transmission route. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for h. pylori and hav infection in primary school students in taiwan. we studied 289 grade 1 to 6 students from a single primary school in taipei county in 2003. the students volunteered for blood tests for h. pylori immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody and anti-hepatitis a antibody after consent from their parents. questionnaires we ... | 2005 | 15986067 |
| occurrence of hepatitis a virus genotype iii in germany requires the adaptation of commercially available diagnostic test systems. | a blood donation, obtained in 2003 in germany during the preseroconversion diagnostic window period of a hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, tested hav-negative by commercially available hav reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) detection assays. | 2005 | 15987353 |
| magnetic bead technology in viral rna and dna extraction from plasma minipools. | nucleic acid testing (nat) of pooled plasma samples from individual blood donations for viral nucleic acids has become widely established. full automation of such sample processing can overcome many of the problems associated with methods used so far. | 2005 | 15987354 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a infection in a low endemicity country: a systematic review. | in canada--a low endemicity country, vaccines for hepatitis a virus (hav) are currently recommended to individuals at increased risk for infection or its complications. applying these recommendations is difficult because the epidemiology of hav infection is poorly defined, complex, and changing. this systematic review aimed to 1) estimate age-specific prevalence of hav antibody in canada and 2) evaluate infection-associated risk factors. | 2005 | 16001978 |
| effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ... | 2005 | 16013370 |
| consequence or coincidence? the occurrence, pathogenesis and significance of autoimmune manifestations after viral vaccines. | viruses and virus-induced lymphokines may have an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity (schattner a. clin immunol immunopathol; 1994). the occurrence and significance of autoimmune manifestations after the administration of viral vaccines remain controversial. | 2005 | 15917108 |
| nationwide canadian study of hepatitis a antibody prevalence among children eight to thirteen years old. | hepatitis a vaccines provide consistent, long-lasting protection and have been available for almost 10 years in canada, but their use remains limited. it is difficult to assess their optimal utilization given that our knowledge of hepatitis a epidemiology in canada is fragmentary. unlike the united states, no nationwide study of hepatitis a prevalence has ever been done in canada. consequently we do not know the incidence of infection in children and what would be the most appropriate age for he ... | 2005 | 15933561 |
| universal fresh-frozen plasma (uniplas): an exploratory study in adult patients undergoing elective liver resection. | the compatibility of an abo blood group independently applicable plasma, uniplas, was explored in liver resection because patients undergoing liver resection frequently require the transfusion of plasma to compensate for blood loss and/or clotting factors. | 2005 | 15938736 |
| a world health organization international standard for hepatitis a virus rna nucleic acid amplification technology assays. | sixteen laboratories from 10 different countries participated in an international collaborative study to evaluate candidate materials as the first world health organization (who) international standard for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna nucleic acid amplification technology (nat) assays. | 2005 | 15938741 |
| concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus and rotavirus in spring water samples by reverse transcription-pcr. | every year, enteric viruses such as hepatitis a virus (hav), rotaviruses, and noroviruses are responsible for viral gastro-enteritis and hepatitis reported worldwide. these viruses are mostly transmitted via the faecal-oral route, from direct contact between people, or by ingestion of contaminated food and water. since only a few viral particles may cause disease, detection of low concentration of these viruses in food matrices is usually complex. the development of methods to concentrate viruse ... | 2005 | 15620398 |
| influence of load of hepatitis a virus on disease severity and its relationship with clinical manifestations in patients with hepatitis a. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of viral load on disease severity and analyze the possible relationship of the load of hepatitis a virus (hav) with disease severity and laboratory findings. | 2005 | 16048563 |
| characterization and genetic variability of hepatitis a virus genotype iiia. | molecular epidemiological studies of hepatitis a outbreaks in norway showed the emergence of hepatitis a virus (hav) genotype iiia in association with parenteral transmission among haemophiliacs and intravenous drug users. the complete genomic sequence of one of these outbreak isolates, nor-21, was determined. this is the first complete genomic sequence of hav genotype iiia. phylogenetic analysis showed that genotype iiia/nor-21 was genetically distinct from the other human and simian genotypes. ... | 2005 | 16186227 |
| [hepatitis a in poland in 2003]. | epidemiological situation of hepatitis a in poland since 1997 was evaluated as low endemicity and since 2002 as very low endemicity. high percentage of cases were noted among adult persons, especially in the age 25-29 years. the course of disease was more serious, than before 1997. in 2004 only 95 cases of hepatitis a were noted in poland (incidence rate 0.25/100 000). the number and percentage of unimmunized persons, especially among children, adolescents and young adults increases very rapidly ... | 2005 | 16190532 |
| hepatitis a immunization strategies: universal versus targeted approaches. | the alternative to nationwide childhood hepatitis a vaccination is to continue targeting high-risk adults. to consider how many of today's children will become vaccination candidates, the proportion of adults reporting a lifetime history of hepatitis a risk factors was examined. one thousand thirty-four us adults responded to a confidential postal survey, 49% of whom had met current advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) criteria for immunization and 72% had met an expanded set of c ... | 2005 | 16211195 |
| hepatitis a in lebanon: a changing epidemiological pattern. | in this multicenter study in lebanon, hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence rates were surveyed by age, gender, and socioeconomic factors. blood samples collected from 606 subjects aged 1 to 30 years were analyzed for anti-hav igg. age was the most important factor influencing hav seroprevalence. hav seroprevalence rates in the current study were about 78% in the > or = 21 years age group, 28% in the 6-10 years age group, and 11% in the 1-5 years age group as compared with 97.7% in adults, 85% ... | 2005 | 16103621 |
| decline of maternal hepatitis a antibodies during the first 2 years of life in infants born in turkey. | selective immunization of at-risk groups may reduce the incidence of hepatitis a infection, but only the inclusion of hepatitis a vaccine in a routine universal childhood immunization schedule would guarantee control of the infection. but the interference by maternally derived hepatitis a antibodies (anti-hav) with the immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine is still important in the determination of the optimal age for hepatitis a vaccination. the hepatitis a vaccines have not been as ... | 2005 | 16103622 |
| resistance of hepatitis a virus in mussels subjected to different domestic cookings. | hepatitis a is a worldwide infectious disease. shellfish consumption has always been one of the major risk factors for hepatitis a infection, especially when these products are eaten raw or slightly cooked. moreover, the cooking does not always guarantee the harmlessness of shellfish. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatitis a virus (hav) resistance in experimentally contaminated mussels, subjected to domestic cooking. three different domestic preparations (mussel hors-d'oevre, ... | 2005 | 16054720 |
| cell mediated and antibody immune response to inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | the humoral and cellular immune response to inactivated hepatitis a vaccine was investigated dynamically in a time elapse study over 1 year. fourty-five healthy volunteers, seronegative for anti-hav, were vaccinated with 1440 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (eu) of formalin-inactivated hepatitis a virus following a 0--6-month schedule. serum anti-hav levels and hav-specific proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured at several time points over a 26- and 28-week per ... | 2005 | 16054733 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatits a antibodies in children of different socioeconomic conditions in vila velha, es. | this report describes the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in children from elementary school in the municipality of vila velha, es, brazil. anti-hav antibodies were investigated by elisa method in the serum of 606 children (four to fourteen years old) from three elementary schools, located in neighborhoods with varying household monthly income levels: são josé school, 200 children, household income higher than us$700; são torquato school, 273 children, us$200 to 300; and cobi school, 133 child ... | 2005 | 16082472 |
| thermal stability of hepatitis e virus. | the thermal stability of virulent hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was compared. fecal suspensions of virus were heated to temperatures between 45 degrees c and 70 degrees c, and residual infectivity was determined in a cell culture system that was permissive for both viruses. although hev was less stable than was hav, some hev would most likely survive the internal temperatures of rare-cooked meat. | 2005 | 16088844 |
| successful treatment of acute hepatitis a-associated hemophagocytic syndrome by intravenous immunoglobulin. | virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (vahs) is a rare complication in acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. there is no standard therapy for vahs and the clinical course is variable. data on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) in the treatment of hav-associated vahs is limited. we report a previously healthy, 32-year-old man who presented with general malaise, fever, chills and splenomegaly. laboratory examination showed marked elevation of aminotransferase, leukopenia and thromb ... | 2005 | 16091828 |
| reduced-dose intradermal vaccination against hepatitis a with an aluminum-free vaccine is immunogenic and can lower costs. | a reduced dose (0.1 ml) of intradermal hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine could facilitate the control of hepatitis a in countries of endemicity. all study subjects receiving an aluminum-free hav vaccine intradermally were seroprotected 28 days after vaccination (anti-hav titer, > or =10 miu/ml). seroprotection rates decreased to 80.8% at 12 months but returned to 100%, with titers increasing 28-fold, after receipt of a booster vaccination. | 2005 | 16231271 |
| real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for detection of hepatitis a virus. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay in combination with a molecular beacon was developed for the real-time detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus (hav). a 202-bp, highly conserved 5' noncoding region of hav was targeted. the sensitivity of the real-time nasba assay was tested with 10-fold dilutions of viral rna, and a detection limit of 1 pfu was obtained. the specificity of the assay was demonstrated by testing with other environmental pathogens and indicator mi ... | 2005 | 16269748 |
| prevention of hepatitis a by havrix: a review. | hepatitis a is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in the world. with at least 1.5 million cases of hepatitis a worldwide each year, disease management constitutes a substantial economic burden. the first effective vaccine against hepatitis a, havrix was introduced in 1992. this review summarizes data accumulated following more than a decade of clinical experience with this vaccine and compares clinical data with other currently available hepatitis a vaccines. based on ... | 2005 | 16117704 |
| necrobiotic xanthogranuloma associated with choroidal infiltration and syncytial giant cell hepatitis. | a 31-year-old woman developed necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (nxg), a thickened choroid, and syncytial giant cell hepatitis, a previously unreported association. nxg and syncytial giant cell hepatitis may have a common autoimmune pathogenesis. | 2005 | 16148625 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a among homeless drug users in rotterdam, the netherlands. | from the end of january to mid-june 2004 (weeks 5-24) a hepatitis a virus (hav) outbreak occurred among a homeless and drug user community in rotterdam, the netherlands. to prevent further spread of the virus within this group and to the general population, the municipal health service of rotterdam organized a mass vaccination campaign during which 83% (1,515/1,800) of the homeless people were vaccinated. as part of a national hav typing study, blood and/or fecal samples of 30 rotterdam hav igm+ ... | 2005 | 16173016 |
| dual modes of modification of hepatitis a virus 3c protease by a serine-derived beta-lactone: selective crystallization and formation of a functional catalytic triad in the active site. | hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase is a member of the picornain cysteine proteases responsible for the processing of the viral polyprotein, a function essential for viral maturation and infectivity. this and its structural similarity to other 3c and 3c-like proteases make it an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. previous solution nmr studies have shown that a cys24ser (c24s) variant of hav 3c protein, which displays catalytic properties indistinguishable from the native ... | 2005 | 16288920 |
| [molecular detection and sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus (hav) in two outbreaks in 2004 in north east hungary]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most important cause of acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. in hungary, the reported number of hav infections decreasing in the last decades, however, in every year approximately 500-800 new cases occur. in hungary, particularly in north east region not only sporadic cases but also outbreaks of hav are happen from time to time. serology is routinely used laboratory method for diagnosis of hav infections, although, there was no direct molecular detection and seque ... | 2005 | 16302357 |
| susceptibility to hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis c virus infection: missed opportunities for vaccination. | hepatitis a virus (hav) superinfection is associated with a high risk of liver failure and death in patients with underlying chronic liver disease. although hav vaccination is recommended for all patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, little is known about adherence to these recommendations in clinical practice. the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of hav testing and vaccination among patients with chronic hcv infection. we conducted a retrospective cohort stu ... | 2005 | 16104047 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in relation to social factors--a preliminary study. | hepatitis a is a benign illness in children with the rare possibility of fatal complications. although an endemic disease, very few studies have been done in children regarding the seroprevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in sri lanka. | 2005 | 16114769 |
| hepatitis a virus infection in the united states: serologic results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in the general u.s. population, sera from participants in the third national health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes iii) conducted in 1988-1994 were tested for antibody to hav (anti-hav). among 21,260 participants aged > or = 6 years tested, the overall prevalence of infection was 31.3%, and increased markedly with age. the age-adjusted prevalence was significantly higher among foreign- compared to u.s.-born participants, ... | 2005 | 16307834 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis a in children in british columbia. | the risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection during childhood is difficult to estimate without population serosurveys because hav-related symptoms are often mild at this age. few serosurveys have been conducted in canada. the present study surveyed teenagers in two nonurban regions of british columbia where the historical rate of reported hav either exceeded (region a) or was less than (region b) the historical provincial rate. | 2005 | 18159540 |
| declining hepatitis a seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is spread by faecal-oral contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. lifelong immunity is conferred by infection or vaccination, so anti-hav seroprevalence studies can be used to indicate which populations are susceptible to infection. seroprevalence rates are highly correlated with socioeconomic status and access to clean water and sanitation. increasing household income, education, water quality and quantity, sanitation, and hygiene leads to decreases in hav pre ... | 2004 | 15635957 |
| [immunological safety and sensitizing effect of an mb-7-based vaccine against hepatitis a]. | the influence of a vaccine based on the mb-7 strain of hepatitis a virus (vp-mb-7) designed at the "vector" center of virology and biotechnology was studied. vp-mb-7 was found to provoke no allergic response and to have an activating effect on the specific and non-specific responses of cell and humoral immunity similar to those evoked by hepatitis a vaccine "hep-a-in vac". | 2004 | 15529858 |
| diagnostic relevance of immunoglobulin g avidity for hepatitis a virus. | diagnosis of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is based on the detection of hav immunoglobulin m (igm). however, igm could be detected due to nonspecific polyclonal activation of the immune system. an avidity test for anti-hav igg was developed to distinguish acute infection, where low-avidity antibodies are detected, from immune reactivation. the assay was tested on 104 samples, including 11 sera from patients with past infection, 15 sera from patients with acute infection and 4 collected ... | 2004 | 15528704 |
| detection of infectious hepatitis a virus by integrated cell culture/strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a novel integrated cell culture/strand-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was established for detection of infectious hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2004 | 15479428 |
| immunogenicity of booster vaccination with a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine after primary immunization with an aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis a vaccine. | increasing numbers of individuals are traveling to areas of high hepatitis a endemicity and require immunization against the hepatitis a virus (hav). the option of using a virosomal, aluminum-free, hav vaccine (epaxal) for booster immunization following primary vaccination with an aluminum-adsorbed vaccine has been assessed. | 2004 | 15541221 |