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[respiratory infections caused by metapneumovirus in elderly patients].human metapneumovirus infections are increasingly recognized among adult patients and the aim of this report is to present a series of 4 cases admitted during the winter of 2010. all were detected by direct fluorescence anti-bodies assay of respiratory samples and all were female patients with an age range of 79 to 95 years, including two bedridden cases, one with dementia and three with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. one patient presented with parainfluenza 3 virus coinfection. patients ...201121720698
[molecular epideiological and clinical feature of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in nanjing city].to investigate the molecular epideiological and clinical feature of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in nanjing city, china.201121789843
development of real-time rt-pcr for human metapneumovirus. 201121978165
identification of potential human respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus t cell epitopes using computational prediction and mhc binding assays.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (mpv) are two of the most common causes of serious viral lower respiratory tract illness in humans. cd8+ t cells have been shown to be important in animal models and human clinical studies for the clearance of viral infection, and they may contribute in part to protection against severe disease during reinfections. precise enumeration and accurate phenotyping of rsv- or mpv-specific cd8+ t cells in humans is currently limited by t ...201121854782
genomic analysis of four human metapneumovirus prototypes.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children. we determined the complete genome sequence of four strains of hmpv representing each of the four lineages. these sequences were compared with published hmpv genome sequences. most genes were conserved between the genetic lineages (79.5-99.6%), though nucleotide diversity was greater than amino acid diversity, suggesting functional constraints on mutation. however, the sh and g open reading frames were mo ...201121740936
genetic variability and circulation pattern of human metapneumovirus isolated in italy over five epidemic seasons.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important aetiological agent of respiratory tract infection (rti) in infants. based on genetic differences, hmpvs are separated into two main groups, a and b, and two subgroups 1 and 2. to better understand the genetic diversity of hmpv, we analyzed 435 bp fragments of the f gene from 49 isolates obtained from a paediatric clinical centre in northern italy from 2005 to 2009. the phylogenetic analysis showed that our hmpv sequences clustered into five main clade ...201122143806
the prevalance of respiratory viruses among healthcare workers serving pilgrims in makkah during the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) pandemic.despite the high risk of acquiring respiratory infections, healthcare workers who treat pilgrims at hajj have not been studied in previous research on respiratory diseases during hajj. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different respiratory viruses among healthcare workers who treated pilgrims during hajj 2009, the year of the influenza a h1n1 pandemic. a cross-sectional study was performed just before and after hajj (25-29 november, 2009). nasal and throat swabs wer ...201122197024
disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (daly) model.the most common acute infections occur in the respiratory tract. recent discoveries of several novel viruses have markedly increased the repertoire of agents understood to cause presentations of acute respiratory disease.201121880543
[acute bronchiolitis: a prospective study].bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infection in children under 2 years old. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequently involved etiologic agent.201122849929
Residues of the human metapneumovirus fusion (F) protein critical for its strain-related fusion phenotype: implications for the virus replication cycle.The paramyxovirus F protein promotes fusion of the viral and cell membranes for virus entry, as well as cell-cell fusion for syncytium formation. Most paramyxovirus F proteins are triggered at neutral pH to initiate membrane fusion. Previous studies, however, demonstrated that human metapneumovirus (hMPV) F proteins are triggered at neutral or acidic pH in transfected cells, depending on the strain origin of the F sequences (S. Herfst et al., J. Virol. 82:8891-8895, 2008). We now report an exten ...201121937649
Human Metapneumovirus: lessons learned over the first decade.It has been 10 years since human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was identified as a causative agent of respiratory illness in humans. Since then, numerous studies have contributed to a substantial body of knowledge on many aspects of HMPV. This review summarizes our current knowledge on HMPV, HMPV disease pathogenesis, and disease intervention strategies and identifies a number of areas with key questions to be addressed in the future.201121976607
specific viruses detected in nigerian children in association with acute respiratory disease.occurrence of different viruses in acute respiratory tract infections of nigerian children was examined. respiratory swabs were collected from 246 children referred to hospital clinics because of acute respiratory symptoms from february through may 2009. validated real-time rt-pcr techniques revealed nucleic acids of at least one virus group in 189 specimens (77%). human rhinoviruses and parainfluenza viruses were present each in one third of the children. adenoviruses, enteroviruses, human meta ...201122007241
[a gexp based multiplex rt-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of twelve human respiratory viruses].a gexp based multiplex rt-pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect twelve different respiratory viruses types/subtypes including influenza a virus, influenza b virus, influenza a virus sh1n1, parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus a, respiratory syncytial virus b and human bocavirus. twelve sets of specific primers were designed based on the conserved sequences of ...201122263264
seroepidemiological study of human metapneumovirus in new delhi, india.purpose: there are a few seroepidemiological studies reported on human metapneumovirus (hmpv) as hmpv was only discovered in the year 2001. this respiratory virus has been reported to be ubiquitous and associated with respiratory tract infections in all age groups. the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of antibodies to hmpv in children and adults of 1 month to 55 years of age. materials and methods: serum samples from 100 study subjects were tested for hmpv antibody by an in-hous ...201122120795
The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study.Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00296.x. Objectives Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of in ...201121985038
human rhinovirus species associated with hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness in young us children.the contribution of human rhinovirus (hrv) to severe acute respiratory illness (ari) is unclear.201122013207
human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a common pathogen that can cause both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in children, elderly adults, and immunocompromised hosts. since its initial identification in 2001, hmpv has been isolated from individuals with acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in virtually every continent. serological studies indicate that it has caused human infection since 1958 or earlier. the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hmpv are similar t ...201121858749
ten years of human metapneumovirus research.described for the first time in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has become one of the main viral pathogens responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children but also in the elderly and immuno-compromised patients. the pathogen most closely related to hmpv is human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. hmpv has been classified into two main viral groups a and b and has a seasonal distribution in temperate countr ...201122074934
human metapneumovirus inhibits ifn-β signaling by downregulating jak1 and tyk2 cellular levels.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type i interferon (ifn) signaling by an unidentified mechanism. in this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells with hmpv decreased cellular level of janus tyrosine kinase (jak1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (tyk2), due to enhanced proteosomal degradation and reduced gene transcription. in addition, hmpv infection also reduced the surface expression of type i ifn receptor (ifnar). these ...201121949722
high detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. in this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (hrv; types a, b, and c), respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv; types a and b), bocavirus (hbov), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43), influenza viruses (types a, b, and c), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b), hu ...201121915878
[three years surveillance of viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from 2007 to 2010].viruses are common pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti) in children. there are few studies on consecutive monitoring of viral pathogens of alrti in a larger cohort during the past several years. the aim of this study was to investigate the viral pathogens of alrti in children of different age groups and to outline the epidemic feature of different viruses.201122321179
is chronic rhinosinusitis caused by persistent respiratory virus infection?many chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients recall an upper respiratory tract infection as the inciting event of their chronic illness. viral infections have been shown to cause obstruction of the osteomeatal complex, which is likely to be a critical step in the development of crs. there is clear overlap between the pathogenesis of crs and asthma. infections with respiratory viruses in childhood increase the risk of subsequently developing asthma. viral infections in established asthmatics are as ...201122287325
[genetic variability of matrix (m), small hydrophobic (sh) and attachment (g) proteins of human metapneumovirus circulating in children in beijing from 2006 to 2010].human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in all age groups. however, there is limited information of genetic analysis of hmpv circulating in beijing. to learn the characteristics of structural protein genes of human metapneumovirus circulating in children in beijing, sequence analysis of matrix (m), small hydrophobic (sh) and attachment (g) proteins of hmpv from 2006 to 2010 was performed. phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of 42 full l ...201122263268
characterization of human metapneumovirus from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in a 4-year period in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered by scientists in the netherlands as a novel respiratory virus in 2001 and had been found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in china. the objective of this study was to determine the importance of hmpv infection in children in beijing and the genotypes of the circulating virus by the surveillance during a four-consecutive-year period.201121740766
viral-bacterial interactions and risk of acute otitis media complicating upper respiratory tract infection.acute otitis media (aom) is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infection whose pathogenesis involves both viruses and bacteria. we examined risks of acute otitis media associated with specific combinations of respiratory viruses and acute otitis media bacterial pathogens. data were from a prospective study of children ages 6 to 36 months and included viral and bacterial culture and quantitative pcr for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus. r ...201121900518
Viral aetiology of influenza-like illness in Belgium during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the proportion of influenza-like illness (ILI) attributable to specific viruses during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of ILI due to respiratory viruses in Belgium. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI patients by general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (PediSurv) and analysed for viruses. Of 139 samples collected from children <5 years of age by PediSurv, 86 were pos ...201121901635
[Etiology survey on virus of acute respiratory infection in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009].To investigate the pathogens of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009.201122177307
large-scale seroprevalence analysis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently identified virus, causes acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in infants and children. however, studies on the seroepidemeology of hmpv are very limited in china. to assess the seroprevalence of hmpv infection in china, we tested a total of 1,156 serum specimens for the presence of anti-hmpv igg antibody in children and adults free of acute respiratory illness in beijing, china by using hmpv nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. as a control, we u ...201121310026
genetic variability of attachment (g) and fusion (f) protein genes of human metapneumovirus strains circulating during 2006-2009 in kolkata, eastern india.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with the acute respiratory tract infection (arti) in all the age groups. however, there is limited information on prevalence and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains circulating in india.201121314961
respiratory infections by hmpv and rsv are clinically indistinguishable but induce different host response in aged individuals.human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus can cause severe respiratory diseases, especially in infants, young children, and the elderly. so far it remains unclear why infections in the elderly become life threatening despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, and to which extent double infections worsen the clinical course.201121298115
twelve years' detection of respiratory viruses by immunofluorescence in hospitalised children: impact of the introduction of a new respiratory picornavirus assay.direct immunofluorescence assays (dfa) are a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of respiratory viruses and may therefore be used for surveillance. few epidemiological studies have been published based solely on dfa and none included respiratory picornaviruses and human metapneumovirus (hmpv). we wished to evaluate the use of dfa for epidemiological studies with a long-term observation of respiratory viruses that includes both respiratory picornaviruses and hmpv.201121299840
human rhinovirus infection in young african children with acute wheezing.infections caused by human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in african children, but there is little information on the contribution of hrv to this. the aim of this study was to determine the role of hrv as a cause of acute wheezing in south african children.201121401965
bordetella pertussis and concomitant viral respiratory tract infections are rare in children with cough illness.case reports, case series, and retrospective and prospective studies have reported concomitant bordetella pertussis and viral respiratory tract pathogen infections in children with cough illness with conflicting results regarding their frequency.201121407144
simultaneous detection and differentiation of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral pathogens.rapid and accurate detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) provides pathogen-specific diagnosis, allows implementation of appropriate infection control measures, and improves patient management. one diagnostic challenge is that respiratory infections, which can be caused by several viral pathogens including rsv, usually present with similar signs and symptoms that are nearly indistinguishable by clinical diagnosis. we have described in the chapter a rapid, high-throughput laboratory techn ...201121116808
long-term impairment of streptococcus pneumoniae lung clearance is observed after initial infection with influenza a virus but not human metapneumovirus in mice.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus responsible for respiratory tract infections in humans. our objective was to investigate whether hmpv could predispose to long-term bacterial susceptibility, such as previously observed with influenza viruses. balb/c mice were infected with hmpv or influenza a and, 14 days following viral infection, challenged with streptococcus pneumoniae. only mice previously infected with influenza a demonstrated an 8% weight loss of their body weight 72 h follo ...201121411678
atypical bacterial pathogen infection in children with acute bronchiolitis in northeast thailand.atypical bacterial pathogens--including mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and chlamydia trachomatis--are important infectious agents of the respiratory system. most current information pertains to adults and little is known about the role of these organisms in lower respiratory tract infections among young children with acute bronchiolitis.201121439510
co-circulation of genetically distinct human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus strains in young children with respiratory tract infections in italy.the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov) identified the etiological causes of several cases of acute respiratory tract infections in children. this report describes the molecular epidemiology of hmpv and hbov infections observed following viral surveillance of children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in milan, italy. pharyngeal swabs were collected from 240 children ≤3 years of age (130 males, 110 females; median age, 5.0 months; iqr, 2.0-12.5 ...201121108354
comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit.aim: to describe the clinical presentation and course of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection, and compare them with children admitted to the picu with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. methods: hmpv was identified by immunofluorescence in 22 children admitted to the picu over a 16-month period. the medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical and laboratory data were compare ...201121449904
viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized vietnamese children in ho chi minh city, 2004-2008.the dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (aris) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized children in resource-limited tropical countries where morbidity and mortality caused by aris are highest. improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention.201121455313
genetic variability of human metapneumovirus amongst an all ages population in cambodia between 2007 and 2009.first identified in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a novel pathogen and causative agent of acute respiratory tract infection. re-infection with hmpv is common, and currently there is no available vaccine against hmpv infection. two genotypes of hmpv have been identified, a and b, both of which can be divided further into at least two distinct sub-genotypes. here we report the results of the first study to investigate the genetic variability of hmpv strains circulating within cambodia. the ...201121292032
evidence that tmprss2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response.the spike (s) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins b and l upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. in contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave sars s. we along with others could previously show that the type ii transmembrane protease tmprss2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ...201121325420
human metapneumovirus glycoprotein g inhibits tlr4-dependent signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults. recent work from our group demonstrated that hmpv g glycoprotein is an important virulence factor, responsible for inhibiting innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. myeloid dendritic cells (dcs) are potent apcs and play a major role in initiating and modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. in this study, we found that tlr4 plays a major role in hmpv-induced ac ...201121632720
[a single-center prospective study of viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia in adults].from july, 2008 to march, 2009, 125 adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively investigated to elucidate the characteristics of viral infection in adult cap in japan. nasopharyngeal swabs for real-time polymerase chain reaction for 7 types of influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory synctial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, and enterovirus were obtained. diagnoses of viral infections were established accord ...201121384676
molecular epidemiology and evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are ubiquitous respiratory pathogens of the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxoviridae. two major surface antigens are expressed by both viruses; the highly conserved fusion (f) protein, and the extremely diverse attachment (g) glycoprotein. both viruses comprise two genetic groups, a and b. circulation frequencies of the two genetic groups fluctuate for both viruses, giving rise to frequently observed switching of the ...201121390255
sole infection by human metapneumovirus among children with radiographically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region.limited information is available on the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) as the unique pathogen among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a tropical region.201121651739
detection of human metapneumovirus genomes during an outbreak of bronchitis and pneumonia in a geriatric care home in shimane, japan, in autumn 2009. 201121266764
a molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in japanese children with acute wheezing illness.recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. however, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known.201121663657
virus-related lower respiratory inflammation: detection of human metapneumovirus from severe pneumonia cases with a/h1n1pdm virus. 201121266766
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identifying acute viral upper respiratory tract infections.diagnosis of respiratory viruses traditionally relies on culture or antigen detection. we aimed to demonstrate capacity of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) platform to identify clinical relevant respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) samples and compare the diagnostic performance characteristics relative to conventional culture- and antigen-based methods. an rt-pcr/esi-ms respiratory virus surveillance kit ...201121251562
viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season.acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections worldwide. the study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (hrv), influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hmpv) in botucatu, state of são paulo, ...201121340401
emerging paramyxoviruses: molecular mechanisms and antiviral strategies.in recent years, several paramyxoviruses have emerged to infect humans, including previously unidentified zoonoses. hendra and nipah viruses (henipaviruses within this family) were first identified in the 1990s in australia, malaysia and singapore, causing epidemics with high mortality and morbidity rates in affected animals and humans. other paramyxoviruses, such as menangle virus, tioman virus, human metapneumovirus and avian paramyxovirus 1, which cause less morbidity in humans, have also bee ...201121345285
adult outpatient experience of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic: clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions.the aim was to describe causative agents and clinical characteristics in adult outpatients with upper airway symptoms during the 2009 h1n1 pandemic and to evaluate case definitions that are used in clinical practice.201121420427
viral pneumonia.about 200 million cases of viral community-acquired pneumonia occur every year-100 million in children and 100 million in adults. molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our understanding of the role of viruses in pneumonia, and findings indicate that the incidence of viral pneumonia has been underestimated. in children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses are the agents identified most frequently in both developed ...201121435708
comparison of the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel with xtag respiratory viral panel fast for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.nucleic acid tests are sensitive and specific and provide a rapid diagnosis, making them invaluable for patient and outbreak management. multiplex pcr assays have additional advantages in providing an economical and comprehensive panel for many common respiratory viruses. previous reports have shown the utility of the xtag respiratory viral panel (rvp) assay manufactured by luminex molecular diagnostics for this purpose. a newer generation of this kit, released in canada in early 2010, is design ...201121411570
detection of human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus by real-time pcr from patients with respiratory symptoms in southern brazil.the introduction of newer molecular methods has led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), in respiratory tract specimens. we have studied the occurrence of hmpv and hbov in the porto alegre (pa) metropolitan area, one of the southernmost cities of brazil, evaluating children with suspected lower respiratory tract infection from may 2007-june 2008. a real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification and de ...201121340356
lung function prior to viral lower respiratory tract infections in prematurely born infants.prematurely born infants who develop respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) have lung function abnormalities at follow-up. the aim of this study was to determine whether prematurely born infants who developed symptomatic rsv, or other viral lrti(s), had poorer premorbid lung function than infants who did not develop lrtis during the rsv season.201121447496
comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-pcr assays.many acute respiratory illness surveillance systems collect and test nasopharyngeal (np) and/or oropharyngeal (op) swab specimens, yet there are few studies assessing the relative measures of performance for np versus op specimens.201121738731
the human metapneumovirus matrix protein stimulates the inflammatory immune response in vitro.each year, during winter months, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with epidemics of bronchiolitis resulting in the hospitalization of many infants. bronchiolitis is an acute illness of the lower respiratory tract with a consequent inflammation of the bronchioles. the rapid onset of inflammation suggests the innate immune response may have a role to play in the pathogenesis of this hmpv infection. since, the matrix protein is one of the most abundant proteins in the paramyxoviridae fami ...201121412439
effects of n-linked glycosylation of the fusion protein on replication of human metapneumovirus in vitro and in mouse lungs.the fusion (f) protein is an important membrane glycoprotein necessary for cellular entry and replication of human metapneumovirus (hmpv). selective prevention of n-linked glycosylation may compromise the catalytic and fusion functions of the f protein. by using site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics, recombinant mutant viruses lacking one or two n-linked glycosylation sites in the f protein were constructed. m1, which lacked glycosylation at position 57 of the f protein, had slightly co ...201121450943
human metapneumovirus in patients with respiratory tract infection in kuwait.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract infections in all age groups and in all geographical area. the role of hmpv in causing respiratory tract infections in kuwait was not yet investigated. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hmpv infection in kuwait among patients with respiratory tract infection with respect to other respiratory viruses. during january-december 2009, 460 respiratory samples from 388 patients with respir ...201121837799
generation of recombinant metapneumovirus nucleocapsid protein as nucleocapsid-like particles and development of virus-specific monoclonal antibodies.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the pneumovirinea subfamily within the paramyxoviridea family. since its discovery in 2001, hmpv has been isolated in several continents, which suggests its prevalence worldwide. hmpv resembles human respiratory syncytial virus with regard to disease symptoms and its ability to infect and cause disease in young infants as well as individuals of all ages. the aim of the current study was to construct an efficient high-level yeast expression system for t ...201121827798
porphyromonas gingivalis enzymes enhance infection with human metapneumovirus in vitro.relatively recently discovered, the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a human pathogen with worldwide prevalence, accounting for a substantial percentage of respiratory tract diseases. concurrent viral and bacterial infections enable intricate mechanisms of cooperation between pathogens, which complicate the symptoms and outcome of the disease. such bilateral interactions are based on the modulation of bacterial growth on epithelium pathologically altered during viral illness and the modulation of ...201121715599
viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis.viral infections of the lower respiratory tract cause an enormous disease burden in children, and the role of respiratory viruses in serious lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in older adults is increasingly appreciated. although viruses are responsible for a large proportion lrtis, antibiotics are often prescribed. new diagnostic platforms have the potential to detect a wider range of established and newly discovered viruses with greater sensitivity. this will create additional challeng ...201121460286
detection of human metapneumovirus in infants with acute respiratory tract infection.both respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently discovered respiratory pathogen classified in the paramyxoviridae family, have been associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in infants. the aim of our study was to determine the incidence and clinical features of hmpv infection in infants presenting with arti at a tertiary children's hospital in greece during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 winter seasons. routine nasal swabs were obtained from 127 ...201121468562
real-world comparison of two molecular methods for detection of respiratory viruses.abstract:201121714915
human metapneumovirus infection in wild mountain gorillas, rwanda.the genetic relatedness of mountain gorillas and humans has led to concerns about interspecies transmission of infectious agents. human-to-gorilla transmission may explain human metapneumovirus in 2 wild mountain gorillas that died during a respiratory disease outbreak in rwanda in 2009. surveillance is needed to ensure survival of these critically endangered animals.201121470468
[clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infection in 90 children].to study the clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov) infection in children.201121507299
the conserved yagl motif in the human metapneumovirus is required for higher ordered cellular assemblies of the matrix protein and for virion production.yxxl motifs in cellular and viral proteins have variety of functions. the matrix (m) protein of the respiratory pathogen - the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) contains two such conserved motifs - yskl and yagl. we mutated these sequences to analyze their contribution to hmpv infectivity. the mutant clones were capable of intracellular replication; however, the yagl, but not the yskl, mutants were spread-defective in infected cultures. we improved the reverse genetics system for hmpv and generated c ...201121525358
rna viruses in young nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia.pneumonia is among the leading causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age worldwide. there is little information on the viral etiology of severe pneumonia in low-income countries, where the disease burden is particularly high.201121860338
epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009.please cite this paper as: zuccotti et┬áal. (2011) epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé seasonal influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are primary causes of acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children. new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus (hmpv ...201121668662
detection of ki polyomavirus and wu polyomavirus dna by real-time pcr in nasopharyngeal swabs and in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues.polyomaviruses ki (kipyv) and wu (wupyv) were detected from 7 (3.0%) and 38 (16.4%) of 232 children with respiratory tract infections by real-time pcr. the rates of single infection of kipyv and wupyv were 3 (42.9%) of 7 and 20 (52.6%) of 38, respectively. in other samples, various viruses (human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1 and human bocavirus) were detected simultaneously. one case was positive for kipyv and wupyv and also f ...201121545509
a comparison of two multiplex methods for the detection of respiratory viruses: filmarray rp and xtag rvp.we compared the filmarray rp (idaho technology, inc. salt lake city, utah) with the xtag rvp (luminex corporation, toronto, canada)multiplex respiratory virus pcr methods for the detection of respiratory viruses in a set of 200 patient specimens frozen at - 70° c after standard viral culture and antigen detection methods were done. both systems detected between 40 - 50% more viruses than traditional methods, primarily rhinoviruses and human metapneumovirus. the filmarray rp detected significantl ...201121508156
Streptococcus pneumoniae exposure is associated with human metapneumovirus seroconversion and increased susceptibility to in vitro HMPV infection.It remains largely unknown which factors determine the clinical outcome of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether exposure to bacterial pathogens can influence HMPV infections. From 57 children, serum samples and colonization data for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age. Seroconversion rates to HMPV were determined and related to ba ...201121883660
[characteristics and the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the correlation with climatic factors of hospitalized children in suzhou children's hospital.]objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infection and its relations to climatic factors in suzhou. methods: from 2006 to 2009, viral etiology surveillance was conducted among 6655 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections (aris). direct immunofluorescence method was used to test respiratory secretion samples for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses a and b (inf-a, inf-b), parainfluenza virus types i, ii, and iii (pinf-i, pi ...201121624230
Respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients.Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are common causes of mild illness in immunocompetent children and adults with rare occurrences of significant morbidity or mortality. Complications are more common in the very young, very old, and those with underlying lung diseases. However, RVIs are increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) and solid organ transplants (SOTs). Diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial virus ...201121858751
the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature.s. shahda, w.g. carlos, p.j. kiel, b.a. khan, c.a. hage. the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 324-328. all rights reserved abstract: human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an emerging human pulmonary pathogen that is genetically related to respiratory syncytial virus. it has been increasingly associated with respiratory illnesses over the last few decades. immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible with resultant morbidity and m ...201121631655
human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus associated with respiratory infection in apulian population.we have studied the occurrence of hbov, hmpv and infa-b in an apulian population with respiratory tract infections. during influenza season 2008-2009, 116 oropharingeal swabs were collected from patients affected by influenza-like illness (ili). the pcr products of hmpv m and hbov np-1 genes were sequenced. 78 out of 116 samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus; hbov was detected in 53, hmpv in 22 and infa-b in 41 out of 116 swabs. a high rate of hbov infection in adult (18.9%) a ...201121636105
wu polyomavirus infection among children in south china.this study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the second affiliated hospital of shantou university, medical college from july 2008 to june 2009. wupyv was detected by t ...201121678448
respiratory virus infections among hospitalized patients with suspected influenza a h1n1 2009 virus during the first pandemic wave in brazil.during the first pandemic wave of the influenza a h1n1 2009 virus, morbidity was particularly high in brazil. hospitalizations resulting from severe respiratory disease due to suspected influenza-like illness created an opportunity to identify other respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory infections.201121670921
treatment with oral ribavirin and ivig of severe human metapneumovirus pneumonia (hmpv) in immune compromised child. 201121671370
viral agents causing lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children: evaluation of the speed-oligo® rsv assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the viral agent which is more frequently involved in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in infants under 1 year of age in developed countries. a new oligochromatographic assay, speed-oligo® rsv, was designed and optimized for the specific detection and identification of rsv subtypes a and b. the test was evaluated in 289 clinical samples from 169 hospitalized children using an immunochromatography (ic) test, virus isolation by culture, and an in-house ...201121647616
recombinant expression and immunological characterisation of proteins derived from human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been shown to cause respiratory infection, accounting for approximately 7% of all such disease, and contributes to the development of asthma in humans. hmpv has a worldwide distribution with infectivity rates approaching 100%, and immunocompromised patients are particularly at risk from viral exposure. no anti-hmpv vaccine is available and diagnosis is primarily based on in-house molecular or serological tests, in part due to limited availability of recombinant h ...201121920812
Respiratory viruses in children with cystic fibrosis: viral detection and clinical findings.Please cite this paper as: Burns et al. (2011) Respiratory viruses in children with cystic fibrosis: viral detection and clinical findings. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00292.x. Background Viral detection from different respiratory sample types in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is facilitated by available molecular methods, but optimum sampling strategies have not been identified. In addition, associations between viral detection and respiratory symp ...201121955319
Human metapneumovirus strains circulating in Latin America.The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in young children, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we genetically analyzed the circulating HMPV in Central and South America from July 2008 to June 2009 and characterized the strains present in this region. Samples were collected during an international collaborative influenza like illness surveillance study and then sequenced with specific primers for the HMPV G gene. Our results ...201122200894
viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.this study was performed to investigate the viral etiological agents, age distribution and clinical manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children. the viral etiology and clinical findings in 147 children (1 month to 5 years of age) hospitalized with acute lrti were evaluated. cell culture was used for isolation of influenza viruses and direct fluorescent antibody assay for parainfluenza viruses (pivs), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses (advs ...201122272450
comparison of the filmarray respiratory panel and prodesse real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory pathogens.we compared the diagnostic performance and overall respiratory pathogen detection rate of the premarket version of the filmarray respiratory panel (rp) multiplex pcr assay (idaho technology, inc., salt lake city, ut) with those of the food and drug administration (fda)-cleared prodesse proflu+, profast+, proparaflu+, pro hmpv+, and proadeno+ real-time pcr assays (gen-probe, san diego, ca). the assays were performed on a panel of 192 nasopharyngeal-secretion specimens collected from 81 children u ...201121998418
Detection of hMPV antigen by EIA in clinical specimens.Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the latest discovered viruses. It has been classified to Paramyxoviridae family. It is the second viral etiological agent, after RSV, which causes respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children, especially children below 5 years old. It is estimated that 5-25% of RTI in children is due to hMPV. In adults hMPV reinfections are bounded to upper respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to establish usefulness of ELISA test in detecting hMPV antig ...201122184941
analysis of viral load in children infected with human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory pathogen responsible for disease and subsequent hospitalizations in young children around the world. the disease pathology, including how viral load correlates with respiratory disease severity, remains unclear. this study investigated the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of hmpv infections.201023056737
first report of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus co-infection in a 2-year-old kawasaki patient in iran.respiratory virus infections in children are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.201023113048
the changing face of pediatric respiratory tract infections: how human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus fit into the overall etiology of respiratory tract infections in young children.lower respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. recent technological advances in the field of molecular biology have allowed virologists to detect many previously undetected viral pathogens. two of these, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), are of particular clinical interest to pediatric health care providers. this review discusses the most common viral respiratory infections in children, explores the role o ...201021165338
impact of human metapneumovirus infection on in and outpatients for the years 2006-2008 in southern brazil.the human metapneumovirus (hmpv), member of the paramyxoviridae family, has been reported as an important agent involved with acute respiratory infections (aris). the aim of this study is to identify hmpv as the etiological agent of aris on in and outpatients in the city of curitiba, southern brazil, and describe clinical data of hmpv subtyping. a retrospective study was performed in 1,572 respiratory samples over a period of three years. hmpv was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase cha ...201021225198
prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in children with wheezing in shiraz-iran.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection plays an important role in the pediatric respiratory infections. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma and wheezing with hmpv in hospitalized children. nasal pharyngeal swabs obtained from 120 children aged 1-60 months, hospitalized during a one year period, were tested for the hmpv by rt-pcr. hmpv was detected in 20 (16.6%) of patients suffering from wheezing. some patients in addition to wheezing had asthma 10.8%. this inf ...201021131706
effects of human respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 3 and influenza virus on cd4+ t cell activation by dendritic cells.background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), and to a lesser extent human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), re-infect symptomatically throughout life without antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete immunity. one causative factor is thought to be viral interference with dendritic cell (dc)-mediated stimulation of cd4+ t cells. methodology, principal findings: we infected human monocyte-derived dc with purified hrsv, hmpv, hpiv3, or influenza a virus ...201021124776
soluble recombinant human metapneumovirus g protein is immunogenic but not protective.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) expresses the major surface glycoproteins f and g. we evaluated the protective efficacy of immunization with g. we generated a recombinant form of g ectodomain (gdeltatm) that was secreted from mammalian cells and purified by affinity chromatography. we tested the immunogenicity of gdeltatm in cotton rats. animals were immunized with pbs, gdeltatm alone or adjuvanted, or were infected once with hmpv, and challenged with live hmpv at 28 days. animals vaccinated with a ...201020417260
respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants.to investigate the prevalence of 14 viruses in infants with bronchiolitis and to study demographic and clinical differences in those with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human bocavirus (hbov) and rhinovirus (rv) infection.201019822538
noninvasive monitoring of respiratory viruses in wild chimpanzees.to diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from taï national park, côte d'ivoire. samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (march 2004 and february 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (october 2004 and august 2005). fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) ...201020865440
molecular detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory disease in iran.viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. the implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. this study was undertaken on iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection.201020879092
longitudinal course of human metapneumovirus antibody titers and reinfection in healthy adults.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in adults and to determine the association between the levels of serum antibody titers and the susceptibility to reinfection. serum samples collected at the periodic occupational medical checkup for employees of a hospital were subjected to an elisa test. of the 289 subjects, 288 (99.7%) had hmpv antibody titers that were more than 1:100 in may 2006. the percentage of subjects with a titer of ≥ 3,20 ...201020981798
using the full spectral capacity (six channels) of a real-time pcr instrument can simplify diagnostic laboratory screening and typing protocols for pandemic h1n1 influenza.timely reporting of influenza a virus subtype affects patient management. real-time pcr is a rapid and sensitive method routinely used to characterise viral nucleic acid, but the full spectral capability of the instruments is not employed.201021306574
influenza and other respiratory viruses in three central american countries.despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in central america, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease.201021306576
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