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starch biosynthetic genes and enzymes are expressed and active in the absence of starch accumulation in sugar beet tap-root.starch is the predominant storage compound in underground plant tissues like roots and tubers. an exception is sugar beet tap-root (beta vulgaris ssp altissima) which exclusively stores sucrose. the underlying mechanism behind this divergent storage accumulation in sugar beet is currently not fully known. from the general presence of starch in roots and tubers it could be speculated that the lack in sugar beet tap-roots would originate from deficiency in pathways leading to starch. therefore wit ...201424758347
illumina-based analysis of endophytic bacterial diversity and space-time dynamics in sugar beet on the north slope of tianshan mountain.plants harbors complex and variable microbial communities. endophytic bacteria play an important function and potential role more effectively in developing sustainable systems of crop production. to examine how endophytic bacteria in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) vary across both host growth period and location, pcr-based illumina was applied to revealed the diversity and stability of endophytic bacteria in sugar beet on the north slope of tianshan mountain, china. a total of 60.84 m effective s ...201424752839
two-step enzymatic fingerprinting of sugar beet pectin.a two-step enzymatic fingerprinting method was introduced to analyze a highly methylesterified and acetylated sugar beet pectin having a degree of methylesterification (dm) of 62 and acetylation of 30. a cocktail of pectolytic enzymes, including endo-polygalacturonase ii (endo-pgii) and pectin lyase (pl), was used for the first digestion. the endo-pgii and pl resistant pectin fragments were isolated and subjected to a second digestion using fungal pectin methylesterase and endo-pgii. after the t ...201424751282
effect of kimchi fermentation on oxalate levels in silver beet (beta vulgaris var. cicla).total, soluble and insoluble oxalates were extracted and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) following the preparation of kimchi using silver beet (beta vulgaris var. cicla) stems and leaves. as silver beet contains high oxalate concentrations and consumption of high levels can cause the development of kidney stones in some people, the reduction of oxalate during preparation and fermentation of kimchi was investigated. the silver beet stems and leaves were soaked in a 10% b ...201428234318
refined avian risk assessment for chlorpyrifos in the united states.refined risk assessments for birds exposed to flowable and granular formulations ofcpy were conducted for a range of current use patterns in the united states. overall,the collective evidence from the modeling and field study lines of evidence indicate that flowable and granular cpy do not pose significant risks to the bird communities foraging in agro-ecosystems in the united states. the available information indicates that avian incidents resulting from the legal, registered uses of cpy have b ...201424723136
[the effect of an intervention on rates of nursing home residents transfers to emergency departments].transfers of nursing home residents to emergency departments can result in iatrogenic complications, morbidity, and excess health care expenditure. some of these transfers are potentially avoidable.201424716424
investigation of molecular interactions between β-lactoglobulin and sugar beet pectin by multi-detection hpsec.molecular interactions between β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and sugar beet pectin (sbp) were studied using online multi-detection high performance size exclusion chromatography (hpsec) at neutral ph and 50mm ionic strength. the hydrodynamic properties of various interacting polymer fractions were characterized in detail and compared with those of β-lg and sbp. results showed that ∼6.5% (w/w) of native dimeric β-lg molecules formed complexes with over 35% sbp molecules of varying sizes, 800, 110 and 75 ...201424702936
various-sourced pectin and polyethylene oxide electrospun fibers.pectin, a naturally occurring and biorenewable polysaccharide, is derived from plant cell wall tissue and used in applications ranging from food processing to biomedical engineering. due to extraction methods and source variation, there is currently no consensus in literature as to the exact structure of pectin. here, we have studied key material properties of electrospun pectin blends with polyethylene oxide (peo) (1:1, v/v) in order to demonstrate the fabrication of a fibrous and less toxic ma ...201424702925
investigations into aggregate formation with oppositely charged oil-in-water emulsions at different ph values.the ph-dependent formation and stability of food-grade heteroaggregates from oppositely charged oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions was investigated. after screening suitable emulsifiers, 10% (w/w) oil in-water emulsions (d32≈1 μm) were prepared at ph 3-7 using a positively charged emulsifier (na-lauroyl-l-arginine ethyl ester; lae) and four negatively charged ones (citric esters of mono- and diglycerides, soy lecithin, sugar beet pectin, and quillaja saponin). the oppositely charged emulsions were the ...201424681049
accumulation and excretion of cadmium in three successive generations of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and impact on the population increase.nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become more and more serious. cadmium is one of the heavy metals that have caused serious pollution. spodoptera exigua hübner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), one of important agricultural pests, has broken out more frequently in recent years. in this study, accumulation at different developmental stages and excretion of cd were detected, and effect of cadmium (cd concentrations were 0.2, 0.8, 3.2, 12.8, and 51.2 mg/kg, respectively) on three successive generations o ...201424665705
in vivo transmission of 'candidatus phytoplasma ulmi' by amplicephalus curtulus (hemiptera: cicadellidae) and its effect on ryegrass (lolium multiflorum cv. tama).in chile, phytoplasmas have been reported in sugar beet, grapevine, peony, and chilean shrubs. 'candidatus phytoplasma ulmi' have been detected in plants of ugni molinae turczanínow (myrtaceae) and the leafhopper amplicephalus curtulus linnavuori & delong. we evaluated the possibility of phytoplasma transmission from native plants to grasses by a. curtulus and the possible effect on the plant hosts. newly emerged adults were placed in cages with phytoplasma-infected u. molinae for 72 h (acquisit ...201424665688
effects of supplementing endophyte-infected tall fescue with sainfoin and polyethylene glycol on the physiology and ingestive behavior of sheep.tannins in sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) may bind to alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue [e+; lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh.] and attenuate toxicosis. if so, supplementing e+ with sainfoin will increase use of e+ by sheep, and polyethylene glycol (peg)-a polymer that selectively binds to tannins-will reduce such response. to test these predictions, thirty-six 2-mo-old lambs were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (12 lambs/treatment). during exposure, all lambs were individuall ...201424664564
the chh motif in sugar beet satellite dna: a modulator for cytosine methylation.methylation of dna is important for the epigenetic silencing of repetitive dna in plant genomes. knowledge about the cytosine methylation status of satellite dnas, a major class of repetitive dna, is scarce. one reason for this is that arrays of tandemly arranged sequences are usually collapsed in next-generation sequencing assemblies. we applied strategies to overcome this limitation and quantified the level of cytosine methylation and its pattern in three satellite families of sugar beet (beta ...201424661787
dual-porosity model of solute diffusion in biological tissue modified by electroporation.in many electroporation applications mass transport in biological tissue is of primary concern. this paper presents a theoretical advancement in the field and gives some examples of model use in electroporation applications. the study focuses on post-treatment solute diffusion. we use a dual-porosity approach to describe solute diffusion in electroporated biological tissue. the cellular membrane presents a hindrance to solute transport into the extracellular space and is modeled as electroporati ...201424657231
influence of whey protein-beet pectin conjugate on the properties and digestibility of β-carotene emulsion during in vitro digestion.the impact of a whey protein isolate (wpi)-beet pectin (bp) conjugate (formed by dry-heating) on the physical properties and digestibilities of β-carotene and carrier oil in oil-in-water emulsions was studied when they passed through a model gastrointestinal system. β-carotene emulsions were stabilized by wpi, unconjugated and conjugated wpi-bp, separately. the emulsions were then passed through an in vitro digestion model and the mean droplet size, droplet distribution, zeta-potential, free fat ...201424629983
an assessment of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on the diversity of bacterial communities in onion and sugar beet.the impact of a urea-formaldehyde (uf) fertilizer on bacterial diversity in onion bulbs and main roots of sugar beet were examined using a 16s rrna gene clone library. the uf fertilizer markedly increased bacterial diversity in both plants. the results of principal coordinates analysis (pcoa) revealed that nearly 30% of the variance observed in bacterial diversity in both the onion and sugar beet was attributed to the fertilization conditions and also that the community structures in both plants ...201424882062
characterisation of the turbid particles in the extraction of sugar beet pectins.this paper was aimed at characterising the insoluble substances (is) responsible for the turbidity of the extract and impurity of the resulting pectins. results showed that the is caused a significant increase in the turbidity of the extract. the is had bi-pyramidal shapes under the sem observation. the observed xrd peaks for the is were similar to those of calcium oxalate dihydrate (cod). moreover, the is consisted of mainly oxalate and calcium. results from the present study indicate the is is ...201424874363
sensory differences between beet and cane sugar sources.research concerning the sensory properties of beet and cane sugars is lacking in the scientific literature. therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine whether a sensory difference was perceivable between beet and cane sugar sources in regard to their (1) aroma-only, (2) aroma and taste without nose clips, and (3) taste-only with nose clips, and to characterize the difference between the sugar sources using descriptive analysis. one hundred panelists evaluated sugar samples usin ...201425124655
weed population in relation to crop rotation and nitrogen fertilisation.in order to assess the impact of crop rotation and nitrogen fertilisation in an agro system, a long-term field experiment has been established in 2006 at the experimental farm of ghent university and university college ghent (bottelare-belgium). the trial comprises 11 different crop rotations in combination with four nitrogen fertilizer regimes. the different crop rotations are monoculture of grain- and silage maize, whether or not followed by italian ryegrass, permanent and temporary grass-clov ...201426084084
comparing the impact of high pressure high temperature and thermal sterilization on the volatile fingerprint of onion, potato, pumpkin and red beet. 201425864329
integration of biopolymer production with process water treatment at a sugar factory.the present investigation has focused on generating a surplus denitrifying biomass with high polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) producing potential while maintaining water treatment performance in biological nitrogen removal. the motivation for the study was to examine integration of pha production into the water treatment and residuals management needs at the suiker unie sugar beet factory in groningen, the netherlands. at the factory, process waters are treated in nitrifying-denitrifying sequencing ba ...201424361532
the effects of cadmium or zinc multigenerational exposure on metal tolerance of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the effects of ten generational zinc or cadmium pre-exposure on metal tolerance among beet armyworm spodoptera exigua individuals were compared. these effects were assessed in animals from the 11th generation, reared on a diet either uncontaminated or contaminated with metal (cadmium or zinc). the survival rate of larvae and the degree of metal accumulation (in larvae, pupae and moths; among larval organs: gut and fat body) were analysed. catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferas ...201424352544
the genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (beta vulgaris).sugar beet (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) is an important crop of temperate climates which provides nearly 30% of the world's annual sugar production and is a source for bioethanol and animal feed. the species belongs to the order of caryophylalles, is diploid with 2n = 18 chromosomes, has an estimated genome size of 714-758 megabases and shares an ancient genome triplication with other eudicot plants. leafy beets have been cultivated since roman times, but sugar beet is one of the most recently ...201424352233
standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in alfalfa meal, sugar beet pulp, and wheat bran compared to wheat and protein ingredients for growing pigs.a total of 11 (8 + 3 for replacement) barrows with an initial bw of 23 kg and fitted with a simple t-cannula at the distal ileum were used in 2 consecutive experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2) to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (sid) of aa in 7 assay feed ingredients according to 2 consecutive duplicated 4 × 4 latin square designs. in exp. 1, 3 corn starch-based assay diets were formulated to contain 170 g cp/kg (as-fed basis) from either soybean meal (sbm), canola meal (cm), or meat-a ...201424492581
differential expression patterns of non-symbiotic hemoglobins in sugar beet (beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris).biennial sugar beet (beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is a caryophyllidae that has adapted its growth cycle to the seasonal temperature and daylength variation of temperate regions. this is the first time a holistic study of the expression pattern of non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nshbs) is being carried out in a member of this group and under two essential environmental conditions for flowering, namely vernalization and length of photoperiod. bvhb genes were identified by sequence homology searches aga ...201424486763
the effects of foliar fertilization with iron sulfate in chlorotic leaves are limited to the treated area. a study with peach trees (prunus persica l. batsch) grown in the field and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) grown in hydroponics.crop fe deficiency is a worldwide problem. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of foliar fe applications in two species grown in different environments: peach (prunus persica l. batsch) trees grown in the field and sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. cv. "orbis") grown in hydroponics. the distal half of fe-deficient, chlorotic leaves was treated with fe sulfate by dipping and using a brush in peach trees and sugar beet plants, respectively. the re-greening of the distal (fe-treated) and bas ...201424478782
betalain and betaine composition of greenhouse- or field-produced beetroot ( beta vulgaris l.) and inhibition of hepg2 cell proliferation.the composition of betalain, red or yellow pigments, and betaine (trimethylglycine or glycinebetaine) of nine beetroot ( beta vulgaris l.) cultivars produced in the greenhouse or field was studied. inhibition of hepg2 cell proliferation by betanin and betaine was also tested. four predominant betalains, two betacyanins (betanin and isobetanin) and two betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin i and miraxanthin v), were isolated and quantified. betanin and vulgaxanthin i were the major compounds in red and yell ...201424467616
estimating the delay between host infection and disease (incubation period) and assessing its significance to the epidemiology of plant diseases.knowledge of the incubation period of infectious diseases (time between host infection and expression of disease symptoms) is crucial to our epidemiological understanding and the design of appropriate prevention and control policies. plant diseases cause substantial damage to agricultural and arboricultural systems, but there is still very little information about how the incubation period varies within host populations. in this paper, we focus on the incubation period of soilborne plant pathoge ...201424466153
cloning and expression analysis of a gene encoding for ascorbate peroxidase and responsive to salt stress in beet (beta vulgaris).bvpapx is a full-length cdna-encoding peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase isolated from leaves of salt-stressed beet (beta vulgaris) plants. a high level of identity has been reported between the deduced amino acid sequence of bvpapx and other known ascorbate peroxidases. the genomic sequence of bvpapx revealed a gene composed of 5 exons and 4 introns. several sequence motifs revealed in the 5'utr region of the gene confer to bvpapx a putative responsiveness to various abiotic stresses. we determin ...201424465083
selection and evaluation of reference genes for expression analysis using qrt-pcr in the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) is a reliable and reproducible technique for measuring and evaluating changes in gene expression. the most common method for analyzing qrt-pcr data is to normalize mrna levels of target genes to internal reference genes. evaluating and selecting stable reference genes on a case-by-case basis is critical. the present study aimed to facilitate gene expression studies by identifying the most suitable reference genes for normalization of mrna expression in qrt-pc ...201424454743
saline irrigation and zn amendment effect on cd phytoavailability to swiss chard (beta vulgaris l.) grown on a long-term amended agricultural soil: a human risk assessment.crops, particularly in the northeast region of mexico, have to cope with increasing soil salinization due to irrigation. chloride (cl(-)) concentration has been strongly related to enhance cadmium (cd) uptake by plants due to increased solubility in the soil solution. the effect of irrigation with slightly saline water from a local well was evaluated in this work on the accumulation and translocation of cd in swiss chard (beta vulgaris l.) grown in soil historically amended with stabilized sewag ...201424453013
heteroscedastic ridge regression approaches for genome-wide prediction with a focus on computational efficiency and accurate effect estimation.ridge regression with heteroscedastic marker variances provides an alternative to bayesian genome-wide prediction methods. our objectives were to suggest new methods to determine marker-specific shrinkage factors for heteroscedastic ridge regression and to investigate their properties with respect to computational efficiency and accuracy of estimated effects. we analyzed published data sets of maize, wheat, and sugar beet as well as simulated data with the new methods. ridge regression with shri ...201424449687
in vitro fermentability of sugar beet pulp derived oligosaccharides using human and pig fecal inocula.the in vitro fermentation characteristics of different classes of sugar beet pectic oligosaccharides (sbpos) were studied using human and pig fecal inocula. the sbpos consisted mainly of partially acetylated rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharides and partially methyl-esterified/acetylated homogalacturonan oligosaccharides. some sbpos contained an unsaturated galacturonic acid residue at their non-reducing end. it was shown that sbpos could be completely fermented by human and pig fecal microbiota, ...201424437353
expression of snmp1 and snmp2 genes in antennal sensilla of spodoptera exigua (hübner).sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps) are olfactory-specific, two-transmembrane proteins. previous publications reported that snmp1 is expressed on the dendrite membrane of pheromone-sensitive neurons in heliothis virescens and is an essential cofactor for pheromone detection in drosophila. in this study, we cloned two snmp genes (genbank accession nos. jx469106 and jx469107) from the antenna of the beet armyworm moth spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: hübner). these snmp genes are classified in ...201424436214
enhanced cr(vi) reduction and as(iii) oxidation in ice phase: important role of dissolved organic matter from biochar.this study evaluated the impact of dom from two biochars (sugar beet tailing and brazilian pepper) on cr(vi) reduction and as(iii) oxidation in both ice and aqueous phases with a soil dom as control. increasing dom concentration from 3 to 300mgcl(-1) enhanced cr(vi) reduction from 20% to 100% and as(iii) oxidation from 6.2% to 25%; however, cr(vi) reduction decreased from 80-86% to negligible while as(iii) oxidation increased from negligible to 18-19% with increasing ph from 2 to 10. electron sp ...201424418493
performance of up-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor of the treatment of sugar beet pulp lixiviation in a thermophilic range.the acclimatization and performance study of lixiviation of sugar beet pulp are carried out in upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor in thermophilic range of temperature (55°c). several hydraulic retention time is conducted (11, 8, 6, 4, 2, and 1.5 days). the performance study showed that chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency is 90% for 6 days-hrt. while cod removal efficiency was reduced within the range of 74.3% and 59.4% in others hrt. organic loading rates greater than 10 kg cod/m(3)d in in ...201424412482
effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance of holstein dairy cows.to investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating holstein dairy cows (day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg) were allotted to a 3 × 3 latin square design at three 23-d periods. the three treatments included 34.91% (b), 18.87% (bc), and 18.86% (bb) barley that in treatment b was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments bc and bb, respectively. the concentration of starch a ...201424410961
nature helps: food addition of micronized coconut and onion reduced worm load in horses and sheep and increased body weight in sheep.intense laboratory tests on experimentally infected mice and rats had shown that a mixture of micronized onions and coconut pulp decreases substantially (until disappearance) the worm load (trematodes, cestodes and nematodes) after oral uptake. as a consequence, feeding experiments of naturally infected sheep had been done in egypt, in saudi arabia, and in germany, which showed that treated animals grow up much better than untreated ones. the mean gain of body weight per animal was up to 6 kg wi ...201424271156
modeling hairy root tissue growth in in vitro environments using an agent-based, structured growth model.an agent-based model for simulating the in vitro growth of beta vulgaris hairy root cultures is described. the model fitting is based on experimental results and can be used as a virtual experimentator for root networks. it is implemented in the java language and is designed to be easily modified to describe the growth of diverse biological root networks. the basic principles of the model are outlined, with descriptions of all of the relevant algorithms using the odd protocol, and a case study i ...201424218303
mery-b, a metabolomic database and knowledge base for exploring plant primary metabolism.plant primary metabolites are organic compounds that are common to all or most plant species and are essential for plant growth, development, and reproduction. they are intermediates and products of metabolism involved in photosynthesis and other biosynthetic processes. primary metabolites belong to different compound families, mainly carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, steroids, or lipids. until recently, unlike the human metabolome database ( http://www.hmdb.ca ...201424218206
the quality of meat from sheep treated with tannin- and saponin-based remedies as a natural strategy for parasite control.lambs were assigned to four groups of seven and treated as follows for 12 days: control group (bp) was fed beet pulp; group t (tannin remedy) received the bp diet including 80 g/kg of quebracho extract; group s (saponin remedy) received the bp diet including 15 g/kg of quillaja extract; and group c had a free choice between t and s remedies. lipid oxidation was lower in meat from s lambs compared to t lambs (p<0.05). among the volatile compounds, lactate was lower in meat from s lambs compared t ...201424211542
one-pot conversions of raffinose into furfural derivatives and sugar alcohols by using heterogeneous catalysts.inedible and/or waste biomass reserves are being strongly focused upon as a suitable new energy and chemical source. raffinose, which is an indigestible trisaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and fructose, is found abundantly in beet molasses, sugar cane, and seeds of many leguminous plants. herein, we demonstrate the one-pot synthesis of furan derivatives and sugar alcohols from raffinose by using heterogeneous acid, base, and/or metal-supported catalysts. the combination of amberlyst-15 ...201424193816
financial crisis, virtual carbon in global value chains, and the importance of linkage effects. the spain-china case.trade has a disproportionate environmental impact, while the international fragmentation of production promotes different patterns of intermediate inputs and final goods. therefore, we split up the balance of domestic embodied emissions in trade (bdeet) to assess it. we find that spain has a significant emissions deficit with china between 2005 and 2011. the global financial crisis of 2008 reduced spanish imports of pollution-intensive inputs from china and slightly improved the bdeet. china pri ...201424345036
effects of dehydrated lucerne and soya bean meal on milk production and composition, nutrient digestion, and methane and nitrogen losses in dairy cows receiving two different forages.dehydrated lucerne is used as a protein source in dairy cow rations, but little is known about the effects of lucerne on greenhouse gas production by animals. eight holstein dairy cows (average weight: 582 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design. they received diets based on either maize silage (m) or grass silage (g) (45% of diet on dry matter (dm) basis), with either soya bean meal (15% of diet dm) completed with beet pulp (15% of diet dm) (sp) or dehydrated lucerne (l) (30% of ...201424330757
overexpression of a proton-coupled vacuolar glucose exporter impairs freezing tolerance and seed germination.arabidopsis vacuoles harbor, besides sugar transporter of the tmt-type, an early response to dehydration like 6 (erdl6) protein involved in glucose export into the cytosol. however, the mode of transport of erdl6 and the plant's feedback to overexpression of its activity on essential properties such as, for example, seed germination or freezing tolerance, remain unexplored. using patch-clamp studies on vacuoles expressing aterdl6 we demonstrated directly that this carrier operates as a proton-dr ...201424329902
cross-validation in association mapping and its relevance for the estimation of qtl parameters of complex traits.association mapping has become a widely applied genomic approach to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) and dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits. however, approaches to assess the quality of the obtained qtl results are lacking. we therefore evaluated the potential of cross-validation in association mapping based on a large sugar beet data set. our results show that the proportion of the population that should be used as estimation and validation sets, respectively, depends on t ...201424326292
rna interference of a heat shock protein, hsp70, loses its protection role in indirect chilling injury to the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is freeze-susceptible, in which glycerol plays a crucial role in depressing supercooling point (scp) to avoid the freezing injury. this study focused on a non-freezing injury classified into indirect chilling injury of s. exigua after a prolonged exposure to low temperatures much above scps. exposure to 0 and 5°c for longer than 2weeks was lethal to all the immature stages. among immature stages, eggs were the most susceptible to the low temperature treatmen ...201424309290
descriptive parameters for revealing substitution patterns of sugar beet pectins using pectolytic enzymes.enzymatic fingerprinting was applied to sugar beet pectins (sbps) modified by either plant or fungal pectin methyl esterases and alkali catalyzed de-esterification to reveal the ester distributions over the pectin backbone. a simultaneous pectin lyase (pl) treatment to the commonly used endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pg) degradation showed to be effective in degrading both high and low methylesterified and/or acetylated homogalaturonan regions of sbp simultaneously. using lc-hilic-ms/elsd, we stud ...201424299893
genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium analysis in elite sugar beet breeding lines and wild beet accessions.linkage disequilibrium decay in sugar beet is strongly affected by the breeding history, and varies extensively between and along chromosomes, allowing identification of known and unknown signatures of selection. genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) patterns were investigated in 233 elite sugar beet breeding lines and 91 wild beet accessions, using 454 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and 418 snps, respectively. principal coordinate analysis suggested the existence of three gr ...201424292512
comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulp: performance, dewaterability and foam control.digestion of sugar beet pulp was assessed in relation to biogas and methane production, foaming potential, and digestate dewaterability. four 4-litre working volume digesters were operated mesophilically (37±0.5 °c) and four thermophilically (55±0.5 °c) over three hydraulic retention times. digesters were operated in duplicate at organic loading rates (olr) of 4 and 5 g volatile solids l(-1) day(-1) without water addition. thermophilic digestion gave higher biogas and methane productivity than m ...201424291796
environmental assessment of biofuel pathways in ile de france based on ecosystem modeling.the objective of the work reported here was to reduce the uncertainty on the greenhouse gas balances of biofuels using agro-ecosystem modeling at a high resolution over the ile-de-france region in northern france. the emissions simulated during the feedstock production stage were input to a life-cycle assessment of candidate biofuel pathways: bioethanol from wheat, sugar-beet and miscanthus, and biodiesel from oilseed rape. compared to the widely-used methodology based on fixed emission factors, ...201424280674
identification and molecular characterization of a chitin-binding protein from the beet webworm, loxostege sticticalis l.as the first crucial barrier in the midgut of insects, the peritrophic membrane (pm) plays an important role in preventing external invasion. pm proteins, as the major components of the pm, determine the structure and function of this membrane. a new pm protein, named lsticbp, from the pm of loxostege sticticalis larvae was identified using cdna library screening. the full cdna of lsticbp is 2606 bp in length and contains a 2403 bp orf that encodes an 808-amino acid preprotein with a 15-amino ac ...201425340980
modulation of colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis by baicalein and betaine.in this review, we will summarize the current understanding of modulation of colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis by two natural products, baicalein and betaine, which have anti-inflammatory activities. baicalein and betaine have been shown to provide various health benefits to organism in many ways. baicalein is a phenolic flavonoid derived originally from the root of scutellaria baicalensis georgi. from ancient times, baicalein has widely been used in oriental medicines as an anti-inflammato ...201425337584
degradation of colour in beetroot (beta vulgaris l.): a kinetics study.the kinetics of colour (measured as hunter 'a/b' value) degradation in beetroot puree (beta vulgaris l.) was studied over a temperature range of 50-120 °c (isothermal process), and also during normal open pan cooking, pressure-cooking and a newly developed and patented fuel-efficient 'ecocooker' (non-isothermal heating process). the degradation of visual colour as measured as hunter 'a/b' value was found to follow a first order kinetics, where the rate constant increased with an increase in the ...201425328211
long-term assessment of glucosuria in captive okapi (okapia johnstoni) after a dietary change.glucosuria in okapis (okapia johnstoni) was first documented in 1980, yet the etiology remains unclear. in august 2006, an attempt to lower glucosuria in captive okapi by diet modification (omitting all fruit and adding unmolassed beet pulp) was started at the antwerp zoo. to study the possible relationship between glucosuria and diet, stress, and/or pregnancy, four okapis were monitored over a period of 4.5 yr. one animal, born in 2006, became glucosuric near the age of three. three okapis were ...201425314831
sensory differences between product matrices made with beet and cane sugar sources.although beet and cane sugar sources have nearly identical chemical compositions, the sugars differ in their volatile profiles, thermal behaviors, and minor chemical components. scientific evidence characterizing the impact of these differences on product quality is lacking. the objective of this research was to determine whether panelists could identify a sensory difference between product matrices made with beet and cane sugar sources. sixty-two panelists used the r-index by ranking method to ...201425308166
does information about sugar source influence consumer liking of products made with beet and cane sugars?beet sugar contains an off-aroma, which was hypothesized to generate expectations on the acceptability of a product made with beet sugar. thus, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of information about the sugar source (beet vs. cane) on the overall liking of an orange-flavored beverage. one hundred panelists evaluated an orange-flavored powdered beverage mix and beverage made with beet and cane sugars using a 5-phase testing protocol involving a tetrad test and hedonic ratings p ...201425308071
high production of plant type levan in sugar beet transformed with timothy (phleum pratense) 6-sft genes.levan, a type of fructan, is an oligomer or polymer with mainly a β(2,6)-linked fructose chain attached to sucrose. we introduced two timothy genes, ppft1 and ppft2, coding for two homologous sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases into sugar beet. sugar beet produces a high concentration of sucrose, a starting substrate in fructan synthesis, in the root. among transgenic t1 lines, we obtained sugar beet transformants that accumulated large amounts of β(2,6)-linked levans (about 20 to 75mgg(-1) ...201425305472
reliable in silico identification of sequence polymorphisms and their application for extending the genetic map of sugar beet (beta vulgaris).molecular markers are a highly valuable tool for creating genetic maps. like in many other crops, sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) breeding is increasingly supported by the application of such genetic markers. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) based markers have a high potential for automated analysis and high-throughput genotyping. we developed a bioinformatics workflow that uses sanger and 2nd-generation sequence data for detection, evaluation and verification of new transcript-associated snps ...201425302600
heavy metal contamination of vegetables irrigated by urban stormwater: a matter of time?urban stormwater is a crucial resource at a time when climate change and population growth threaten freshwater supplies; but there are health risks from contaminants, such as toxic metals. it is vitally important to understand how to use this resource safely and responsibly. our study investigated the extent of metal contamination in vegetable crops irrigated with stormwater under short- and long-term conditions. we created artificially aged gardens by adding metal-contaminated sediment to soil, ...201425426946
in vitro characterization of the impact of different substrates on metabolite production, energy extraction and composition of gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of galacto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, apple fiber and sugar beet pectin on the composition and activity of human colonic microbiota of lean and obese healthy subjects using an in vitro model of the proximal colon: tim-2. substrate fermentation was assessed by measuring the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids, lactate and ammonia and by studying the composition of the bacterial communities over time. the results suggest th ...201425426858
novel arabinan and galactan oligosaccharides from dicotyledonous plants.arabinans and galactans are neutral pectic side chains and an important part of the cell walls of dicotyledonous plants. to get a detailed insight into their fine structure, various oligosaccharides were isolated from quinoa, potato galactan, and sugar beet pulp after enzymatic treatment. lc-ms(2) and one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy were used for unambiguous structural characterization. it was demonstrated that arabinans contain β-(1→3)-linked arabinobiose as a side chain in quinoa see ...201425426490
effect of different ph-values on process parameters in two-phase anaerobic digestion of high-solid substrates.in many publications, primary fermentation is described as a limiting step in the anaerobic digestion of fibre-rich biomass [eastman ja, ferguson jf. solubilization of particulacte carbon during the anaerobic digeston. j wpcf. 1981;53:352-366; noike t, endo g, chang j, yaguchi j, matsumoto j. characteristics of carbohydrate degradation and the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. biotechnol bioeng. 1985;27:1482-1489; arntz hj, stoppok e, buchholz k. anaerobic hydroysis of beet pulp-discont ...201425413114
weed control changes and genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops in the usa 1996-2012.crops that have been genetically modified (gm) to be tolerant to herbicides have been widely grown in the usa since 1996. the rapid and widespread adoption of this technology reflects the important economic and environmental benefits that farmers have derived from its use (equal to $21.7 billion additional farm income and a 225 million kg reduction in herbicide active ingredient use 1996-2012). during this time, weed control practices in these crops relative to the 'conventional alternative' hav ...201425523177
comparing salt tolerance of beet cultivars and their halophytic ancestor: consequences of domestication and breeding programmes.salt tolerance of higher plants is determined by a complex set of traits, the timing and rate of evolution of which are largely unknown. we compared the salt tolerance of cultivars of sugar beet and their ancestor, sea beet, in hydroponic studies and evaluated whether traditional domestication and more recent breeding have changed salt tolerance of the cultivars relative to their ancestor. our comparison of salt tolerance of crop cultivars is based on values of the relative growth rate (rgr) of ...201425492122
new perspectives into jasmonate roles in maize.it is well-known from the model dicotyledonous plants, arabidopsis and tomato, that jasmonates (jas) act as defense hormones in planta due to their potent ability to mediate defensive responses against insect/pathogen attacks or harsh environmental conditions. ja is also required for various developmental processes such as male fertility, seed maturation, root extension, and leaf senescence. in our recently published plant cell paper, the multiple roles of ja in the monocotyledonous agro-economi ...201425482807
dietary fibre and the importance of the gut microbiota in feline nutrition: a review.domestic cats are obligate carnivores and in this light hindgut fermentation has been considered unimportant in this species. however, a diverse microbiota has been found in the small and large intestines of domestic cats. additionally, in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that microbial fermentation is significant in felines with potential benefits to the host. results on microbiota composition and microbial counts in different regions of the feline gastrointestinal tract are com ...201425623083
the impact of domestication on resistance to two generalist herbivores across 29 independent domestication events.the domestication of crops is among the most important innovations in human history. here, we test the hypothesis that cultivation and artificial selection for increased productivity of crops reduced plant defenses against herbivores. we compared the performance of two economically important generalist herbivores - the leaf-chewing beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) and the phloem-feeding green peach aphid (myzus persicae) - across 29 crop species and their closely related wild relatives. we also ...201425039644
detection of adulteration in mulberry pekmez samples added various sugar syrups with ¹³c/¹²c isotope ratio analysis method.mulberry pekmez can be adulterated in different ways either during the production process or after production is completed. to identify these adulterations, stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (scira) was performed on the model examples prepared by adding saccharose syrup (ss), glucose syrup (gs) and high fructose corn syrup (hfcs) into two different pure mulberry pekmez samples in the ratios of 0%, 10%, 30% and 50%. the δ(13)c ratio of the pure mulberry pekmez was determined as -26.60‰ on aver ...201425038711
ethylene is differentially regulated during sugar beet germination and affects early root growth in a dose-dependent manner.by integrating molecular, biochemical, and physiological data, ethylene biosynthesis in sugar beet was shown to be differentially regulated, affecting root elongation in a concentration-dependent manner. there is a close relation between ethylene production and seedling growth of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.), yet the exact function of ethylene during this early developmental stage is still unclear. while ethylene is mostly considered to be a root growth inhibitor, we found that external 1-amino ...201425034827
novel phthalamides containing sulfiliminyl moieties and derivatives as potential ryanodine receptor modulators.to tackle the serious challenge of insect resistance and stricter environmental regulations, innovating a new eco-friendly insecticide is urgently required. a series of new phthalamides containing sulfiliminyl and sulfoximinyl moieties were designed and synthesized. in total, 30 new structures were characterized by 1h nmr spectra and hrms. the bioassay results indicated that some title compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker) a ...201425026986
the effect of dietary carbohydrate composition on apparent total tract digestibility, feed mean retention time, nitrogen and water balance in horses.a total of four diets with different carbohydrate composition were investigated in a 4×4 latin square design experiment with four norwegian coldblooded trotter horses. the objective of the present study was to increase the fermentable fibre content and reduce the starch intake of the total ration obtained by partly substituting mature hay and barley with sugar beet pulp (sbp), a soluble fibre source. the diets investigated were hay only (hay), hay (85% of dry matter intake (dmi)) and molassed sb ...201425018093
assessment of the physiological responses to drought in different sugar beet genotypes in connection with their genetic distance.drought affects many physiological processes, which influences plant productivity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of genotypic diversity in drought tolerance of sugar beet genotypes (beta vulgaris l.) in connection with their genetic distance. three hybrid genotypes produced by crossing double haploid genotype (p-pollinator) with cytoplasmic male-sterile female part (ms), as well as with two parent lines, were examined. drought conditions were imposed by the cessation of wateri ...201425014257
[accumulation of lead in spodoptera exigua (hübner) and its impact on the population].the heavy metals pollution is one of the ecological problems which have been paid close attention to spodoptera exigua hübner, one of the key pests on vegetables and cotton in the yangtze river and its southern area in china, has broken out more frequently in recent years. in this study, accumulation of pb2+ in s. exigua and its excretion were detected when fed with artificial diets with different pb2+ concentrations (0.3, 1.2, 4.8, 19.2 and 76.8 mg x kg(-1), respectively). life table was constr ...201425011311
responses of beta vulgaris exposed to cadmium and zinc through soil drenching.the present study investigates the responses of indian palak (beta vulgaris l. cv. all green h1) exposed to cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) at growth, biochemical and physiological levels. the results revealed that cd and zn accumulation was higher in shoots as compared to the roots of b. vulgaris plants. the increased application rates of zn in combination with cd significantly reduced the accumulation of cd in below and above ground parts of b. vulgaris, whereas it increased zn accumulation. treatm ...201425004760
structural and thermal stability of β-lactoglobulin as a result of interacting with sugar beet pectin.changes in the structural and thermal stability of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) induced by interacting with sugar beet pectin (sbp) have been studied by circular dichroism (cd), fourier transform infrared, and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. it has been demonstrated that sbp not only is capable of binding to native β-lg but also causes a significant loss in antiparallel β-sheet, ∼10%, accompanied by an increase in either random coil or turn structures. in a ...201425003597
synthesis and characterization of some acyl thiourea derivatives of chitosan and their biocidal activities.three acyl derivatives of chitosan (cs) with different side chains were synthesized and their structures were characterized. their swelling behavior was investigated. the antifungal behavior of these chitosan derivatives was investigated in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia or sclerotia of the sugar-beet pathogens, rhizoctonia solani k"uhn (ag2-2) and sclerotium rolfsii sacc. all the prepared derivatives had a significant inhibiting effect on the different stag ...201425002014
simultaneous occurrence of covert infections with small rna viruses in the lepidopteran spodoptera exigua.viral covert infections in invertebrates have been traditionally attributed to sublethal infections that were not able to establish an acute infection. recent studies are revealing that, although true for some viruses, other viruses may follow the strategy of establishing covert or persistent infections without producing the death of the host. recently, and due to the revolution in the sequencing technologies, a large number of viruses causing covert infections in all type of hosts have been ide ...201424997384
cytosine methylation of an ancient satellite family in the wild beet beta procumbens.dna methylation is an essential epigenetic feature for the regulation and maintenance of heterochromatin. satellite dna is a repetitive sequence component that often occurs in large arrays in heterochromatin of subtelomeric, intercalary and centromeric regions. knowledge about the methylation status of satellite dna is important for understanding the role of repetitive dna in heterochromatization. in this study, we investigated the cytosine methylation of the ancient satellite family pev in the ...201424994030
interaction between dietary protein content and the source of carbohydrates along the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets.although fermentable carbohydrates (cho) can reduce metabolites derived from dietary protein fermentation in the intestine of pigs, the interaction between site of fermentation and substrate availability along the gut is still unclear. the current study aimed at determining the impact of two different sources of carbohydrates in diets with low or very high protein content on microbial metabolite profiles along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. thirty-six piglets (n = 6 per group) were fed d ...201424979393
a genomic survey of proteases in aspergilli.proteases can hydrolyze peptides in aqueous environments. this property has made proteases the most important industrial enzymes by taking up about 60% of the total enzyme market. microorganisms are the main sources for industrial protease production due to their high yield and a wide range of biochemical properties. several aspergilli have the ability to produce a variety of proteases, but no comprehensive comparative study has been carried out on protease productivity in this genus so far.201424965873
coupling spore traps and quantitative pcr assays for detection of the downy mildew pathogens of spinach (peronospora effusa) and beet (p. schachtii).downy mildew of spinach (spinacia oleracea), caused by peronospora effusa, is a production constraint on production worldwide, including in california, where the majority of u.s. spinach is grown. the aim of this study was to develop a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for detection of airborne inoculum of p. effusa in california. among oomycete ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences examined for assay development, the highest nucleotide sequence identity was observed between ...201424964150
spatial genetic structure in beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and beta macrocarpa reveals the effect of contrasting mating system, influence of marine currents, and footprints of postglacial recolonization routes.understanding the factors that contribute to population genetic divergence across a species' range is a long-standing goal in evolutionary biology and ecological genetics. we examined the relative importance of historical and ecological features in shaping the present-day spatial patterns of genetic structure in two related plant species, beta vulgaris subsp. maritima and beta macrocarpa. using nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we surveyed 93 populations from brittany (france) to morocco - the ...201424963380
scanning electron microscopic investigations of root structural modifications arising from growth in crude oil-contaminated sand.the choice of plant for phytoremediation success requires knowledge of how plants respond to contaminant exposure, especially their roots which are instrumental in supporting rhizosphere activity. in this study, we investigated the responses of plants with different architectures represented by beetroot (beta vulgaris), a eudicot with a central taproot and many narrower lateral roots, and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), a monocot possessing a mass of threadlike fibrous roots to grow in crude ...201424958531
effect of flaxseed physical form on digestibility of lactation diets fed to holstein steers.four multicannulated (rumen, duodenum, and ileum) holstein steers (459.7±46.4kg of initial body weight) were used in a 4×4 latin square design to determine the effect of flaxseed processing method on ruminal fermentation and digestibility. treatments were based on inclusion of (1) 7.5% linseed meal (control), (2) 10% whole flaxseed, (3) 10% rolled flaxseed, or (4) 10% ground flaxseed on a dry matter (dm) basis, and were formulated to mimic typical high-producing dairy cow lactation diets. the co ...201424952769
prediction of digestible energy and gross energy digestibility of feeds and diets in ostriches.1. the aim of this study was to assess regression equations able to predict the digestible energy (de) and gross energy digestibility (ged) of feed ingredients and diets for ostriches. 2. results of chemical-nutritional characteristics from 17 ingredients (two varieties of maize, two barleys, oat, triticale, wheat bran, soybean meal, sunflower meal, beet pulp, maize silage, alfalfa hay, 4 alfalfa meals and lupin) and 12 experimental diets were used in a stepwise procedure. 3. acid detergent lign ...201424945235
assessment of the role of agricultural wastes in aggregate formation and their stability.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three agricultural processing wastes (apws) on aggregate formation and aggregate stability in a sandy loam textured soil (typic xerofluvent) in antalya, turkey. the effects of apw applications on aggregate formation and aggregate stability were observed for different aggregate size groups (>4; 4-2; 2-1; 1-0.5; 0.5-0.25; 0.25-0.050 and <0.050 mm). sugar beet pulp (sbp), apple pomace (ap) and cotton gin waste (cgw) were applied to soil as fr ...201424929500
monitoring of thermophilic adaptation of mesophilic anaerobe fermentation of sugar beet pressed pulp.anaerobe fermentation of sugar beet pressed pulp was investigated in pilot-scale digesters. thermophilic adaptation of mesophilic culture was monitored using chemical analysis and metagenomic characterization of the sludge. temperature adaptation was achieved by increasing the temperature gradually (2 °c day(-1)) and by greatly decreasing the olr. during stable run, the olr was increased gradually to 11.29 kg vs m(-3)d(-1) and biogas yield was 5% higher in the thermophilic reactor. vfa levels in ...201424926601
effects of hydrothermal pretreatment of sugar beet pulp for methane production.the effect of liquid hot water treatment conditions on the degree of sugar beet pulp (sbp) degradation was studied. the sbp was subjected to hydrothermal processing at temperatures ranging from 120 to 200 °c. the relationship between processing temperature and parameters of liquid and solid fractions of resulting hydrolysates as well as the efficiency of their methane fermentation was determined. the highest concentration of free glucose (3.29 mg ml(-1)) was observed when the hydrolysis was cond ...201424907578
solarization and biosolarization using organic wastes for the bioremediation of soil polluted with terbuthylazine and linuron residues.strategies for remediation of polluted soils are needed to accelerate the degradation and natural attenuation of pesticides. this study was conducted to assess the effect of solarization (s) and biosolarization (bs) during the summer season using organic wastes (composted sheep manure and sugar beet vinasse) for the bioremediation of soil containing residues of terbuthylazine and linuron. the results showed that both s and bs enhanced herbicide dissipation rates compared with the non-disinfected ...201424905640
a combined metabolomic and phylogenetic study reveals putatively prebiotic effects of high molecular weight arabino-oligosaccharides when assessed by in vitro fermentation in bacterial communities derived from humans.prebiotic oligosaccharides are defined by their selective stimulation of growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial for health. however, apart from the short chain fatty acids, little is known about bacterial metabolites created by fermentation of prebiotics, and the significance of the size of the oligosaccharides remains largely unstudied. by in vitro fermentations in human fecal microbial communities (derived from six different individuals), we ...201424905430
belowground plant development measured with magnetic resonance imaging (mri): exploiting the potential for non-invasive trait quantification using sugar beet as a proxy.both structural and functional properties of belowground plant organs are critical for the development and yield of plants but, compared to the shoot, much more difficult to observe due to soil opacity. many processes concerning the belowground plant performance are not fully understood, in particular spatial and temporal dynamics and their interrelation with environmental factors. we used magnetic resonance imaging (mri) as a noninvasive method to evaluate which traits can be measured when a co ...201425278947
genome-wide identification and characterisation of r2r3-myb genes in sugar beet (beta vulgaris).the r2r3-myb genes comprise one of the largest transcription factor gene families in plants, playing regulatory roles in plant-specific developmental processes, metabolite accumulation and defense responses. although genome-wide analysis of this gene family has been carried out in some species, the r2r3-myb genes in beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (sugar beet) as the first sequenced member of the order caryophyllales, have not been analysed heretofore.201425249410
evaluation of lower-starch diets for lactating holstein dairy cows.the objective of this experiment was to measure ruminal and lactational responses of holstein dairy cows fed diets containing 3 different starch levels: 17.7 (low; ls), 21.0 (medium; ms), or 24.6% (high; hs). twelve multiparous cows (118 ± 5 d in milk) were assigned randomly to dietary treatment sequence in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design with 3-wk periods. all diets were fed as total mixed rations and contained approximately 30.2% corn silage, 18.5% grass silage, and 5.0% chopped alfalfa ...201425242424
choline but not its derivative betaine blocks slow vacuolar channels in the halophyte chenopodium quinoa: implications for salinity stress responses.activity of tonoplast slow vacuolar (sv, or tpc1) channels has to be under a tight control, to avoid undesirable leak of cations stored in the vacuole. this is particularly important for salt-grown plants, to ensure efficient vacuolar na(+) sequestration. in this study we show that choline, a cationic precursor of glycine betaine, efficiently blocks sv channels in leaf and root vacuoles of the two chenopods, chenopodium quinoa (halophyte) and beta vulgaris (glycophyte). at the same time, betaine ...201425240200
genetic analysis of bolting after winter in sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.).this study reveals for the first time a major qtl for post-winter bolting resistance in sugar beet ( beta vulgaris l.). the knowledge of this qtl is a major contribution towards the development of a winter sugar beet with controlled bolting behavior. in cool temperate climates, sugar beets are currently grown as a spring crop. they are sown in spring and harvested in autumn. growing sugar beet as a winter crop with an extended vegetation period fails due to bolting after winter. bolting after wi ...201425212110
effects of self-superparasitism and host age on fitness-correlated traits in the solitary endoparasitoid wasp meteorus pulchricornis.the domed fitness functions are suggested to describe developmental patterns of progeny parasitoids in relation to host age at oviposition in solitary koinobint parasitoids that are engaged in single parasitism, but few studies have investigated the applicability of the functions as related to superparasitism. the present study was designed to compare fitness functions between single parasitism and superparasitism by examining developmental patterns of meteorus pulchricornis (wesmael) (hymneopte ...201425201512
effects of a beetroot juice with high neobetanin content on the early-phase insulin response in healthy volunteers.produce rich in phytochemicals may alter postprandial glucose and insulin responses by interacting with the pathways that regulate glucose uptake and insulin secretion in humans. the aims of the present study were to assess the phytochemical constituents of red beetroot juice and to measure the postprandial glucose and insulin responses elicited by either 225 ml beetroot juice (beet), a control beverage matched for macronutrient content (mcon) or a glucose beverage in healthy adults. beetroot ju ...201425191617
effects of different encapsulation agents and drying process on stability of betalains extract.red beet plants are rich in betalains that can be used as food natural colorants. betalains were extracted from red beet and encapsulated with different carrier agents and freeze or spray dried. effect of different encapsulating agents as maltodextrin, guar gum, gum arabic, pectin and xanthan gum with different concentration (as encapsulating agents) were studied on the betalain stability. encapsulated betalains with xanthan gum with maltodextrin showed about 65 % more recovery than the control. ...201425190886
development of extruded ready-to-eat (rte) snacks using corn, black gram, roots and tuber flour blends.extruded rte snacks were prepared from flour blends made with corn flour, bengal gram flour, roots and tuber flours in a proportion of 60-80: 20: 20 respectively and moisture was adjusted to 17-20 %. the roots and tubers flours were developed from potato (solanum tuberosum), yam (dioscorea spp.), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.), taro (colocassia esculenta) and beet root (beta vulgaris). different formulations were extruded at 80 ± 5 °c (heater i) and 95-105 °c (heater ii) temperature, 300-350  ...201425190848
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